CN105621580A - Preparation and application method of organic precipitant (AHD) for removing silver ions in industrial wastewater - Google Patents
Preparation and application method of organic precipitant (AHD) for removing silver ions in industrial wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN105621580A CN105621580A CN201610158463.XA CN201610158463A CN105621580A CN 105621580 A CN105621580 A CN 105621580A CN 201610158463 A CN201610158463 A CN 201610158463A CN 105621580 A CN105621580 A CN 105621580A
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- Prior art keywords
- ahd
- silver
- organic precipitant
- silver ions
- waste water
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004879 Na2S2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5272—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using specific organic precipitants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C333/00—Derivatives of thiocarbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C333/14—Dithiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof
- C07C333/16—Salts of dithiocarbamic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种去除工业废水中银离子的有机沉淀剂(AHD)制备及应用方法。以C4H13N3和CS2为主要原料，KOH和H2O为辅料，合成一种对工业废水中的Ag2+具有沉淀作用的有机沉淀剂(AHD)。将本发明的AHD配制成体积分数为0.1％的溶液并采用计量泵投加到工业含银废水中，当每立方米工业含银废水中AHD投加量为0.8-1.2L时，其对银离子的去除率在90％以上。本发明具有原料价廉、易得，合成工艺简单等特点，可有效去除工业废水中的银离子。The invention discloses a preparation and application method of an organic precipitation agent (AHD) for removing silver ions in industrial waste water. Using C 4 H 13 N 3 and CS 2 as main raw materials, and KOH and H 2 O as auxiliary materials, an organic precipitant (AHD) with precipitating effect on Ag 2+ in industrial wastewater was synthesized. It is 0.1% solution that AHD of the present invention is formulated into volume fraction and adopt metering pump to add in industrial silver-containing waste water, when AHD dosage is 0.8-1.2L in every cubic meter of industrial silver-containing waste water, its effect on silver The removal rate of ions is above 90%. The invention has the characteristics of cheap and easy-to-obtain raw materials, simple synthesis process and the like, and can effectively remove silver ions in industrial waste water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of sewage, it is specifically related to a kind of organic precipitant (AHD) preparations and applicatio method removing silver ions in trade effluent.
Technical background
Silver ions in silver processing industry waste water is greatly mainly with Ag2+Form exist, owing to silver belongs to rare precious metals, its precipitation is reclaimed, economical and environmental benefit is huge.
At present, Ag in trade effluent2+Remove, sulphide precipitation that Technical comparing ripe lower based on cost and hydroxide precipitation method. Sulphide precipitation is that Xiang Shuizhong adds FeSO4��7H2O��NaHSO3��Na2S2O5Sulfides makes itself and Ag2+Reaction generates precipitation. And hydroxide precipitation method directly adds NaOH, Ca (OH)2Ag in water is made Deng basic agent2+It is transformed into throw out, then is removed by methods such as filtrations. Owing to the above-mentioned precipitator method are in generation Ag (OH)2While, also have the generation of other inorganic salt precipitation so that simple substance Ag wherein reclaims difficulty, adds cost recovery. The AHD of the present invention be then by with Ag2+There is substitution reaction, generate a kind of organic silver precipitation, then realized the removal of organic substance by high-temperature combustion method, thus reduce the cost of subsequent recovery simple substance Ag.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to process for traditional chemical method to contain the mud of other inorganic salt precipitation in a large number containing producing during silver trade effluent thus cause Ag2+The difficult problems such as cost recovery is big, it is proposed that a kind of preparations and applicatio method of organic precipitant.
(1) the synthetic chemistry equation of the organic precipitant that prepared by the present invention is as follows:
(2) the organic precipitant application principle equation that prepared by the present invention is as follows:
Positive tetrahedron structure wherein is following (with Ag2+Centered by):
(3) organic precipitant (AHD) is removed the technique of silver ions in trade effluent and is:
Industry silver-containing waste water is collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, employing volume pump 1 adds the sodium hydroxide solution adjustment pH to 8.5-9.0 that massfraction is 40%, again by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4, volume pump 2 is adopted to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 by the AHD solution that a certain amount of volume fraction is 0.1%, mixed solution gravity flow after stirring reaction enters natural subsidence in settling tank 5, and the settling time is 30min; Supernatant liquor gravity flow in settling tank enters advanced treatment unit, and precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6. Enter centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7 containing silver mud after concentrated, after centrifugal containing silver blob of slag recoverable. Concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid are concentrated and are back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
The feature of the present invention:
The organic precipitant of the present invention's synthesis is the coordinate bond by AHD molecule and Ag2+Strong keying action, by Ag2+Bag is incorporated into precipitation agent inside, becomes stable, organic combined silver throw out that molecular weight is bigger. For this organogenous sediments, it is possible to directly remove its organic substance by the mode of high-temp combustion, that compares the generation of the above-mentioned traditional chemical precipitator method contains Fe2+��Na+Deng the precipitation of inorganic impurity, greatly reduce Ag2+Extract and cost recovery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the process flow sheet of the present invention;
In figure: 1. volume pump 1; 2. volume pump 2; 3. acid-alkali accommodation pond 3; 4. mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; 5. settling tank 5; 6. sediment concentration basin 6; 7. separating centrifuge 7.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention comprises 2 steps: one is organic precipitant (AHD) preparation, and two is the method that organic precipitant (AHD) removes silver ions in trade effluent.
1, the concrete preparation method of the organic precipitant of the present invention is as follows:
KOH24kg-120kg is added, C in reactor4H13N332kg-160kg, H2O80kg-400kg, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding CS in reactor232kg-160kg, is heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, and the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
2, to remove the method for silver ions in trade effluent as follows for the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention:
(1) by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) it is collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, employing volume pump 1 adds the sodium hydroxide solution adjustment pH that massfraction is 40%, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 2;
(2) adopting volume pump 2 to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 by the AHD solution that a certain amount of volume fraction is 0.1%, until after stirring for some time, opening valve, allowing mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min;
(3) gravity flow of the supernatant liquor in settling tank 5 enters advanced treatment unit, and precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6. Enter centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7 containing silver mud after concentrated, after centrifugal containing silver blob of slag recoverable. Concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid are concentrated and are back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Hereinafter provide 5 embodiments that the AHD preparation and application method of the present invention is described further. Embodiment is for illustration of content of the present invention, instead of limits content of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
24kgKOH is added, 32kgC in reactor4H13N3And 80kgH2O, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding 32kgCS in reactor2, it being heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
First by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) be collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, adopt volume pump 1 add massfraction be 40% sodium hydroxide solution regulate pH to be 9, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; Adopt volume pump 2 by volume fraction be 0.1% AHD solution with 1L/m3Proportioning to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 and control water temperature be 30 DEG C, until after stirring 40min, opening valve, allow mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min. Record supernatant A g in settling tank 52+Concentration is 0.055mg/L, and now AHD is to Ag2+Clearance reach 93.8%. Precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6, the silver mud that contains after concentrated enters centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7, the rotating speed of separating centrifuge 7 is 3000r/min, the centrifugation time is 8min, concentrating containing silver blob of slag recoverable, concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid after centrifugal is back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Embodiment 2:
48kgKOH is added, 64kgC in reactor4H13N3And 160kgH2O, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding 64kgCS in reactor2, it being heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
First by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) be collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, adopt volume pump 1 add massfraction be 40% sodium hydroxide solution regulate pH to be 8.5, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; Adopt volume pump 2 by volume fraction be 0.1% AHD solution with 0.8L/m3Proportioning to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 and control water temperature be 25 DEG C, until after stirring 35min, opening valve, allow mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min. Record supernatant A g in settling tank 52+Concentration is 0.07mg/L, and now AHD is to Ag2+Clearance reach 91.7%. Precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6, the silver mud that contains after concentrated enters centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7, the rotating speed of separating centrifuge 7 is 3000r/min, the centrifugation time is 8min, concentrating containing silver blob of slag recoverable, concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid after centrifugal is back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Embodiment 3:
72kgKOH is added, 96kgC in reactor4H13N3And 240kgH2O, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding 96kgCS in reactor2, it being heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
First by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) be collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, adopt volume pump 1 add massfraction be 40% sodium hydroxide solution regulate pH to be 9, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; Adopt volume pump 2 by volume fraction be 0.1% AHD solution with 1.2L/m3Proportioning to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 and control water temperature be 35 DEG C, until after stirring 40min, opening valve, allow mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min. Record supernatant A g in settling tank 52+Concentration is 0.069mg/L, and now AHD is to Ag2+Clearance reach 92.1%. Precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6, the silver mud that contains after concentrated enters centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7, the rotating speed of separating centrifuge 7 is 3000r/min, the centrifugation time is 8min, concentrating containing silver blob of slag recoverable, concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid after centrifugal is back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Embodiment 4:
96kgKOH is added, 128kgC in reactor4H13N3And 320kgH2O, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding 128kgCS in reactor2, it being heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
First by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) be collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, adopt volume pump 1 add massfraction be 40% sodium hydroxide solution regulate pH to be 9.5, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; Adopt volume pump 2 by volume fraction be 0.1% AHD solution with 1L/m3Proportioning to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 and control water temperature be 30 DEG C, until after stirring 35min, opening valve, allow mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min. Record supernatant A g in settling tank 52+Concentration is 0.075mg/L, and now AHD is to Ag2+Clearance reach 91.5%. Precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6, the silver mud that contains after concentrated enters centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7, the rotating speed of separating centrifuge 7 is 3000r/min, the centrifugation time is 8min, concentrating containing silver blob of slag recoverable, concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid after centrifugal is back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Embodiment 5:
120kgKOH is added, 160kgC in reactor4H13N3And 400kgH2O, starts agitator at normal temperatures and pressures with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min; Until fully after reaction, adding 160kgCS in reactor2, it being heated to 40 DEG C, isothermal reaction 8 hours, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after cooling is the organic precipitant (AHD) of the present invention.
First by industry silver-containing waste water (Ag2+Starting point concentration is 0.88mg/L) be collected in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3, adopt volume pump 1 add massfraction be 40% sodium hydroxide solution regulate pH to be 9, then by sewage pump suction mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4; Adopt volume pump 2 by volume fraction be 0.1% AHD solution with 1.2L/m3Proportioning to be added in mechanic whirl-nett reaction pond 4 and control water temperature be 35 DEG C, until after stirring 40min, opening valve, allow mixed solution gravity flow enter natural subsidence in settling tank 5, the settling time is 30min. Record supernatant A g in settling tank 52+Concentration is 0.085mg/L, and now AHD is to Ag2+Clearance reach 90.3%. Precipitating sludge is by sludge lifting pump suction sediment concentration basin 6, the silver mud that contains after concentrated enters centrifuge dehydration in separating centrifuge 7, the rotating speed of separating centrifuge 7 is 3000r/min, the centrifugation time is 8min, concentrating containing silver blob of slag recoverable, concentrated solution and centrifugal slag liquid after centrifugal is back in acid-alkali accommodation pond 3.
Claims (3)
1. remove organic precipitant (AHD) preparation method of silver ions in trade effluent for one kind, it is characterised in that adopt following steps to carry out:
(1) by a certain amount of KOH, C4H13N3And H2O mixing adds in the reactor with electronic stirring and heating function;
(2) whip switch is started at normal temperatures and pressures, with the speed stirring reaction 30 minutes of 400r/min;
(3) until after fully reacting, slowly adding a certain amount of CS2;
(4) being warming up to 40 DEG C, the shiny red transparent liquid obtained after isothermal reaction cooling in 8 hours is the organic precipitant of this research.
2. organic precipitant (AHD) preparation method of silver ions in removal trade effluent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that KOH, C4H13N3��H2O and CS2Mol ratio be 0.75: 0.5-0.6: 8: 0.7-0.8, described C4H13N3Molecular weight 103.17, KOH molecule amount 56, CS2Molecular weight 76.14.
3. in removal trade effluent according to claim 1, the organic precipitant (AHD) of silver ions is applied, it is characterised in that: AHD is applied to industry silver-containing waste water, and the consumption of AHD is 0.8-1.2L/m3��
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610158463.XA CN105621580A (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Preparation and application method of organic precipitant (AHD) for removing silver ions in industrial wastewater |
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| CN201610158463.XA CN105621580A (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Preparation and application method of organic precipitant (AHD) for removing silver ions in industrial wastewater |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11161061B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-11-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Turbid matter separating apparatus, turbid matter separating method, and turbid matter separating system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2008074856A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-04-03 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Aqueous solution containing dithiocarbamate |
| CN104475052A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 济南大学 | Preparation of a heavy metal adsorption material modified by dithiocarboxylic acid and its application in removing Cu2+ from wastewater |
-
2016
- 2016-03-18 CN CN201610158463.XA patent/CN105621580A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2008074856A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-04-03 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Aqueous solution containing dithiocarbamate |
| CN104475052A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 济南大学 | Preparation of a heavy metal adsorption material modified by dithiocarboxylic acid and its application in removing Cu2+ from wastewater |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 刘新梅等: "重金属捕集剂DTC(BETA)处理含铜废水效果研究", 《广西工学院学报》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11161061B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-11-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Turbid matter separating apparatus, turbid matter separating method, and turbid matter separating system |
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