CN105620270A

CN105620270A - Timing sequence power supply hub one-piece electric device and driving and braking methods thereof

Info

Publication number: CN105620270A
Application number: CN201410620734.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘粤荣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-11-06
Filing date: 2014-11-06
Publication date: 2016-06-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a timing sequence power supply hub one-piece electric device. The timing sequence power supply hub one-piece electric device comprises a hub (6), a speed reducing/torque changing device (2), a power source modulator (1), a driving control device (9a) and at least one set of electric device (3). Each electric device comprises a coaxial rotary body (3e), at least one stator unit (3a) and a plurality of rotor units (3b). The coaxial rotary body is an annular mechanical ring with a rotary shaft. The multiple rotor units comprise at least one permanent magnet rotor unit (3b1) and at least one magnetizer rotor unit (3b2) which are arranged on the coaxial rotary body alternately. The stator units are mounted inside or outside the coaxial rotary body. The coaxial rotary body and the hub are coaxial and the coaxial rotary body is in mechanical transmission with the hub through the speed reducing/torque changing device. The timing sequence electric current output end (1b) of the power source modulator is connected with inner windings of the stator units, and the driving signal input end (1d) is connected with the driving control device. The timing sequence power supply hub one-piece electric device is simple in structure, capable of achieving diversified combinations on wheels, large in torque, low in cost and remarkable in energy saving effect.

Description

Wheel hub integrated electric device that a kind of sequential is powered and driving, braking method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the mains power design field of electric motor car, be specifically related to structure and driving, the braking method of a kind of electric device, the power modulation method of amplitude transformation of powering including periodically electric current of make-and-break, sequential.

Background technology

Electric motor car in the market is mainly two wheeler, and the market maintenance of China's electric two-wheel vehicle has reached more than 1.5 hundred million; Except two wheeler, electro-tricycle is also rapidly growing in recent years, discloses according to industry information and has exceeded 10,000,000 in 2013, and the low-speed electronic carriage market in region also obtain tremendous development.

The motor of electric motor car institute adapted currently develops from universal to Specialty Design direction, and its power-supply controller of electric also tries hard to use pulse modulation technique to reduce the reactive loss of motor work process. The power technology development of existing market electric motor car mainly has both direction, one is improve motor specialized fabrication technology, two is improve energy saving motor control, but the two direction has been affected by bigger limitation in technical development thinking, such as motor, electric two-wheel vehicle market mainstream adapted is hub-type electric machine, and industry normally used electric machine structure principle belongs to universal mostly, and main competition concentrates on the control of material and human cost; For electro-tricycle and region low-speed electronic carriage, the unit motor of the mainly axle output form of market mainstream adapted.

In recent years the own commonly used PWQ technology in market controls motor, the i.e. impulse waveform of variable duty ratio, by it, turn-on and turn-off of quasiconductor electrical device are controlled, make outfan obtain a series of amplitude is identical and pulse that width differs, for replacing sine wave or other required waveforms. According to its characteristic, by certain rule, the width of individual pulse is modulated, the size of circuit output voltage or output frequency can be changed, reach to control the purpose of motor speed. But the basic ideas that motor is controlled by research and development main flow, are generally focused on the phase angle position control thought category that tradition " paraphase " model is adjoint, and technological development income is unsatisfactory.

On electric two-wheel vehicle market, recent domestic colleague seeks to develop the Electric Motor Wheel arranging driving mechanism on wheel edge, this way of thinking happens since time immemorial, ancient Chinese has commonly used waterwheel, its operation principle not arranges rotating power machine at the wheel shaft of waterwheel, but giving one glass of water (a potential energy) along the tangential direction of water wheel page in the suitable time, the whereabouts potential energy of this glass of water is transformed into the power that waterwheel rotates around axle center. But, when this waterwheel model is translated into electric automobiles, do not obtain intended succeeding in developing. Such as, on market a kind of set tooth in rim outer rim and the output shaft electric bicycle with tooth motor is installed, the axle output power of motor is transmitted by gear, though this kind of design has new meaning, but the power of the motor and usual manner owing to adopting traditional design is powered, its energy conversion efficiency and hub-type electric machinery with, and in rim outer rim, motor is set can be subjected to power constraints.

On electric four-wheel vehicle market, the main flow thinking of the high-power hub-type electric machine of exploitation at present, it is that motor is set at hub interior, because the weight/volume specific power of conventional electric motor is low, cause that hub weight increases, practical power consumption index is not low, and cost performance is not high, and the kind of market product is also less.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention, it is in that change existing electric motor car exploitation arranges the custom thinking of motor at hub interior, a kind of design arranging motor at the outside disjunctor of wheel hub is provided, it is simultaneous for conventional electric motor power supply mode and is confined to the design defect that phase angle position controls, thering is provided a kind of design that DC source is changed into sequential power supply mode, simple in construction, torque is big, technique easily realizes, and meets the Technology design demand of electric motor car.

Wheel hub integrated electric device provided by the invention, described wheel hub integrated electric device includes wheel hub 6, deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, power supply modulator 1, drives actuation means 9a and at least a set of electric device 3; Described electric device includes coaxially turn 3e, at least one stator unit 3a and some rotor unit 3b; Described coaxially turning is an annular machinery circle with rotation axle; Described some rotor units include at least one PM rotor unit (3b1) and at least one magnetic conductor rotor unit (3b2), it is alternate be arranged at and coaxially turn on; Described PM rotor unit is multiple when arranging on coaxially turning, and its pole orientation is identical; Described stator unit is arranged close to the interiorly or exteriorly vehicle frame coaxially turned, and air gap 3d is not more than 70mm between the two; Described coaxially turn and wheel hub is coaxially disposed, and by decelerations/torque changing apparatus and wheel hub machine driving;

Described power supply modulator at least includes power input 1a, sequential current output terminal 1b and driving signal input 1d, the both positive and negative polarity of described power input electrical connection set of cells 8, the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit, driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means 9a; Described power supply modulator, by driving actuation means to obtain the driving instruction of user the inside winding output current to stator unit, makes electric device 3 and integral hub 6 thereof obtain driving/braking.

Preferably, the rated power of wheel hub integrated electric device of the present invention is not more than 18KW.

Preferably, described deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is formed by some gear combination, and its machine driving input is connected with the 3e that coaxially turns, and its machine driving outfan is connected with wheel hub 6; Deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 be separately provided or with 3e or wheel hub 6 integrated setting of coaxially turning.

Described rotor unit 3b (to include PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2) alternate be arranged on the 3e that coaxially turns to include be arranged at coaxially turn inner edge, outer rim, inside or with integrated design manufacture of coaxially turning; Multiple rotor units are alternate when arranging on coaxially turning, it is preferable that uniformly arrange; Described rotor unit does not limit shape under not affecting the premise being installed on the 3e that coaxially turns.

Preferably, described PM rotor unit 3b1 on the 3e that coaxially turns multiple homopolarities to setting, overlap with 6 coaxial normals 10 of turning/vertical 4 kinds of typical combination states including N/S the two poles of the earth line, and N/S the two poles of the earth line deflects less than 17 degree of angles on 4 kinds of typical combination state bases.

Preferably, described stator unit 3a is arranged on inside the 3e that coaxially turns and is connected with solid mechanical device;

Preferably, described stator unit 3a installs on the outside machinery connected with vehicle frame of the 3e that coaxially turns;

Preferably, described stator unit 3a is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by the good conductor loop of least one set, it passes through connected in series or in parallel between the winding that the combination arrangement of vehicle frame 4 any fixed position obtains, or forms multi-thread external loop by drawing centre tap between different windings; Externally the mode of electrical connection can be the loop of two lines or multi-thread composition; The arrangement state of the electromagnetic pole correspondence PM rotor unit 3b1 that stator unit energising is formed is set to the opposite polarity moved in opposite directions.

Arranging around core or several combinations of described stator unit, it is preferred for obtaining maximum with its inside winding energising through the magnetic flux of air gap 3d.

Preferably, described stator unit 3a is when the 3e that coaxially turns installs, and the line direction, the two poles of the earth that its internal winding energising is formed is perpendicular or parallel with the normal 10 of the 3e that coaxially turns, including deflection less than 17 degree of angles;

It is furthermore preferred that some described stator unit 3a are symmetrically installed at the position, plane normal both sides of the 3e that coaxially turns.

Preferably, the described some deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of 3e configuration and some wheel hub 6 coaxial transmissions of coaxially turning, or described wheel hub 6 arranged coaxial some coaxially turn 3e and the transmission of some deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2.

Preferably, described electric device also includes sensing device, and described sensing device includes some sensing unit 3c that can sense described rotor unit 3b and stator unit 3a relative position; Described sensing unit electrically connects with the transducing signal input 1c of described power supply modulator; Described electric device at least interiorly or exteriorly arranges a sensing unit at the 3e that coaxially turns.

Preferably, described sensing device includes the inside winding of stator unit 3a, and described internal winding includes surrounding the multi-thread winding of stator unit magnetic core or by the multi-thread external loop being in series between some stator unit windings.

In the present invention, described wheel hub integrated electric device also includes electro-magnetic braking device 9b, described power supply modulator also includes brake signal input 1e, it electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device 9b, obtains the brake instruction of user and in the corresponding time sequence inside winding output current to the stator unit 3a of electric device 3 by electro-magnetic braking device.

The invention also discloses the electric motor car containing any of the above-described wheel hub integrated electric device, described electric motor car includes the electric motor car of one or more wheel and electronic, autocycle; The wheel of described electric motor car includes single-wheel and the quasi-single-wheel structure of coaxial two wheel hubs of compact installation.

In the present invention, DC source is converted to sequential electric current by described power supply modulator 1, make the stator unit 3a in electric device be limited at power supply modulator set timing cycles be energized and power-off.

The invention also discloses the driving method of a kind of aforementioned wheel hub integrated electric device, the method drives electric current to control electric device and hub rotation according to the position relationship of described rotor unit 3b (including PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2) and stator unit 3a by power supply modulator output timing;

Described sequential defines according to rotation of wheel direction, described sequential electric current combines the rotor unit number on coaxially turning according to stator unit electromagnetic field in the useful effect interval coaxially turned on 3e and arranges several make and break periods T, and each make and break period T includes power supply time domain and power-off time domain; Described power supply time domain is positioned at the 20 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree corresponding time period, and described �� is rotor unit dynamic angle around the electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force on coaxially turning; In described power-off time domain, power supply modulator 1 does not export electric current.

Preferably, the current waveform in energising time domain/period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory, frequency and dutycycle are not limit.

Preferably, described power supply modulator at least includes two sections of different period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territories of current amplitude in power supply time domain and up time sequence is that amplitude diminishes successively; The amplitude in described power supply time domain or its period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory is linearly successively decreased with sequential relation; Or in 2^KSuccessively decrease relation, described index K value 0.4 to 0.9; Or be following relation: I_t/ A=(I₀�DI_g) Sin ��, wherein I₀For initial energising intensity, I_gCurrent intensity for the end time that is energized.

Preferably, described energising time domain, by driving actuation means 9a to obtain extraneous input, is determined according to road speed.

Preferably, described energising time domain T₁The magnetic flux density of interior initial electric current, voltage or stator unit 3a is obtained the combination of road speed instantaneous value by sensing device and drives the actuation means 9a instruction provided to adjust.

Preferably, described method also includes aligning step; Described aligning step is as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time using state that relative for stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b periodically trapping gap 3d, �� are 0, when rotor unit goes to reference seat timestamp every time, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing with cycle time last time, thus knowing spin cycle time and the speed of corresponding wheel hub, and control output electric current.

The invention also discloses the braking method of described wheel hub integrated electric device, the method is by described at rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place (�� is 0) and be in away from least one time domain of state, and power supply modulator 1 output timing electric current controls wheel braking;

Described rotor unit convergence stator unit is the 0�ܦȡ�35 degree corresponding time periods, and described �� is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of the electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force on coaxially turning.

Preferably, described method also includes aligning step, and �� is 0 as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time by described aligning step, knows rotor unit convergence/relatively/away from the location status of stator unit by sensing device.

Described power supply modulator to electric device drive energising and braking energising logical relation be set to or.

Preferably, described output electric current rate-determining steps includes:

1) when driving actuation means 9a to power supply modulator 1 without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy;

2) when driving actuation means 9a to provide assisted instruction, the corresponding output timing electric current of power supply modulator 1;

3) when speed or energising frequency reach the threshold value set, described power supply modulator power-off.

The present invention is directed to the application characteristic of electric motor car, electrical source of power is implanted the Technology of NC Programming optimized, specify that the work-based logics such as the subset strength characteristics of the power supply timing cycle of power current and internal energising time domain thereof and power-off time domain are constituted, make wheel hub integrated electric device can realize efficient electricity-saving in the sequential logic set. Described power supply timing, it is that power supply modulator sends the sequential electric current with regularity accordingly according to the cyclical signal of sensing device, this sequential power-supply service can bring two obvious energy-saving efficiencies: one is with being limited at the time domain periodic that power supply modulator the sets work that is energized of stator unit in electric device, in the time domain dormancy not needing work, not only save electric energy but also decrease energising accumulated heat; Two is within the working cycle that power supply modulator sets, and energising intensity is in the regular change set and interrupts, and makes the service efficiency of electric energy improve further, and energising accumulated heat reduces further.

It is an advantage of the current invention that: there is the obvious energy-saving effect that sequential power supply control brings, with this scheme carry out the wheel hub integrated electric apparatus structure of matched design simple, can the wheel variation combination of corresponding various electric motor cars, cost low, effectively adapt to the designing requirement of high-end energy-saving electric vehicle.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 a is the base structure side-looking schematic diagram of a kind of wheel hub integrated electric device.

Fig. 1 b is the base structure perspective diagram of a kind of wheel hub integrated electric device.

Fig. 1 c is a kind of overall structure schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to electric two-wheel vehicle.

Fig. 1 d is a kind of overall structure schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to electro-tricycle.

Fig. 1 e is a kind of overall structure schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to electric four-wheel vehicle.

Fig. 2 a is that PM rotor unit arranges schematic diagram at a kind of magnetic pole coaxially turned.

Fig. 2 b is that PM rotor unit arranges schematic diagram at the another kind of magnetic pole coaxially turned.

Fig. 2 c is that magnetic conductor rotor unit arranges schematic diagram in the one coaxially turned.

Fig. 3 a is that stator unit winding two ends line is set to the schematic diagram vertical with normal of coaxially turning.

Fig. 3 b is the schematic diagram that stator unit winding two ends line is set to overlap with normal of coaxially turning.

Fig. 3 c be stator unit matrix around core top just structural representation to coaxial rotating inner edge.

Fig. 4 a is that rotor unit Impact direction on coaxially turning decomposes and dynamic angle theta schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 b is the view that rotor unit and stator unit are in coaxial normal.

Fig. 5 a is the groundwork logical schematic of power supply modulator.

Fig. 5 b is the block combiner schematic diagram of a kind of digital technology logic realizing power supply modulator.

Fig. 5 c is the work-based logic schematic diagram that power supply modulator sets up electro-magnetic braking device input.

Fig. 6 a is the power supply modulator output electric current time diagram in periodically break-make.

Fig. 6 b is that a kind of two rank constant currents taper off the electric current time diagram of relation.

Fig. 6 c is the time diagram of a kind of first rank current constant, the curved relation of successively decreasing of second order electric current.

Fig. 6 d is a kind of multi-stage current time diagram in relation of successively decreasing continuously.

Fig. 6 e is the pulse subset envelope schematic diagram of the curved relation of successively decreasing of a kind of amplitude.

Fig. 6 f is the one energising logical schematic of a corresponding stator unit one rotor unit of combination.

Fig. 7 a is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 7 b is the power on/off time domain schematic diagram of swing circle corresponding power manipulator of coaxially turning.

Fig. 7 c is the one energising logical schematic of a corresponding stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 8 is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of two stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 9 is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of 12 stator unit 12 rotor units of combination.

Accompanying drawing identifies:

1, power supply modulator; 1a, DC supply input; 1b, sequential current output terminal; 1c, induced signal input; 1d, train signal input; 1e, brake signal input; 2, deceleration/torque changing apparatus; 3, electric device; 3a, stator unit; 3b, rotor unit; 3c, sensing unit; 3d, air gap; 3e, coaxially turn; 4, vehicle frame; 5, wheel; 6, wheel hub; 7, wheel shaft; 8, set of cells; 9a, driving actuation means; 9b, electro-magnetic braking device; 10, coaxial normal; 11, wheel tangent line; 12, winding two extreme direction line; The angle of ��, electromagnetic force and its normal component of force.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail further.

Referring to Fig. 1 c example, the present invention is applied to electric two-wheel vehicle, the base structure of the wheel hub integrated electric device of this car is mainly made up of wheel hub 6, deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 and electric device 3, wherein, the 3e that coaxially turns of electric device is coaxially disposed with wheel hub 6, between the two by deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 transmission, as shown in Figure 1a, its coaxial perspective schematic construction is as shown in Figure 1 b for the base structure that a kind of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is coaxially independently arranged.

Stator unit of the present invention is formed by the good wire wounded core of a group or some groups, good wire generally uses copper cash or copper facing aluminum core line, magnetic core uses conventional magnetic media material, such magnetizing mediums be known to the skilled person a kind of under the action of a magnetic field internal state change and affect the material that magnetic field exists or is distributed in turn. The rotor unit of upper setting of coaxially turning has permanent magnet and magnetic conductor bi-material, and what described magnetic conductor was known to the skilled person a kind of senses magnetisation and the magnetic pole material contrary with outer magnetic field direction under the action of a magnetic field; Described permanent magnet is common magnet steel, neodymium iron boron etc., and when multiple PM rotor unit are arranged on coaxially turning, its N/S magnetic pole in the same direction, and is arranged alternately not as the N/S magnetic pole of routine techniques custom employing.

Referring to Fig. 2 a, 3e outer rim of coaxially turning is provided with a PM rotor unit 3b1, S pole-face is to interior setting of coaxially turning, a stator unit 3a it is provided with in coaxially turning, both relative air gap 3d of motion are sufficiently small, if the N pole-face of stator unit energising is to coaxially turning, then, during the stator unit of PM rotor unit convergence energising, its electromagnetic attracting force can be subject to and the accelerated motion that makes coaxially to turn; In another embodiment, the S polar motion stator unit in opposite directions of PM rotor unit, body direction of rotation is reversed corresponding thereto in the N pole of stator unit winding energising, and both magnetic action are similarly attracting, as shown in Figure 2 b; If turned, 6 outer rims arrange magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, because of its load magnetic for by stator unit electromagnetic field inducing extremely, no matter how the energising direction of stator unit winding is arranged, and both magnetic action are attracting, as shown in Figure 2 c; This stator unit electromagnetic pole and the basic model that the setting of rotor unit attracting relation is electric hub device of the present invention, the rotor unit of two kinds of different substrate materials is set on coaxially turning and is because permanent magnet and magnetic conductor has and actively carries magnetic and by two kinds of different qualities of dynamic load magnetic, can combine according to its different qualities variation, to adapt to the driving of wheel hub integrated electric device, to brake the control of multiple real-time status.

As shown in fig. 4 a, rotor unit is when axle tends to the stator unit of energising, and suffered electromagnetic force F can be analyzed to coaxial normal 10 direction F₁₀With tangent line 11 direction F₁₁, wherein that rotor unit is contributive around axle motion is tangential forces F₁₁, F and F₁₀Direction define dynamic angle theta. Rotor unit is relevant in the interval coaxially turned to stator unit electromagnetic field effect around axle institute stress, it is the stator unit of column to one around core, its electromagnetism line of force passes through the maximum interval of air gap, corresponding to electromagnetic pole the two poles of the earth line 12 vertical to the corresponding normal 10 coaxially turned (parallel with corresponding tangent line 11), as shown in Figure 3 a; The two poles of the earth line that column also may be configured as electromagnetic pole around core overlaps to the corresponding normal coaxially turned, and as shown in Figure 3 b, this set-up mode is selected when being generally the combination arrangement of multiple stator unit. For matrix around core, its electromagnetic force is interval to the effect of rotor unit, is positioned at matrix around core top just to the two ends scope coaxially turned, as shown in Figure 3 c.

The initial point that rotor unit enters said stator unit electromagnetic field effect interval around axle is F and F₁₁The state particular point overlapped, interval with effective stress of electromagnetic force state description rotor unit, be positioned at rotor unit be in stator unit coaxial normal 10 (�� is 0 state) be benchmark, �� be �� 90 degree interval, position (direction of rotation that described �� basis is coaxially turned and relative define). When �� is 90, F₁₁For maximum; The F when �� is 0₁₁It is 0, F₁₀For maximum, to rotor unit around axle without contribution, as shown in Figure 4 b. To this real-time status, routine techniques is to be continued to run with by control electric current paraphase, it is usually the electric current using brush or electronic installation that unidirectional current is modulated to direction checker, supervenes the conventional arts such as current phase, induced current and corresponding phase angle position control thereof. The actuation techniques scheme of wheel hub integrated electric device of the present invention is to use F₁₁It is main state interval energising, power-off between all the other state areas, utilize the rotary inertia coaxially turned to continue to run with; Additionally, F also can be used₁₀The state being main is interval and rotor unit deviates from the state interval energising of stator unit and makes electric device obtain braking; The real-time transmission by deceleration/torque changing apparatus of coaxially turning of electric device, is transferred to corresponding driving/braking state on wheel hub.

Rotor unit in the motor process of axle convergence stator unit, F₁₁And F₁₀Being shifting a pair kinematic variables, its theoretical strong and weak conversion is with �� for 45 degree for separation, and the status and appearance that �� > is 45 degree is with driving force F₁₁It is main; The status and appearance that �� < is 45 degree is with brake force F₁₀It is main. The driving preferred version of wheel hub integrated electric device of the present invention is: the time domain energising of corresponding 20 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree of power supply modulator, all the other time domain power-off; In this energising time domain, the time domain of even 75 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree 60 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree should be selected to be energized based on the design of economize on electricity; Need to make full use of the design of rotary inertia of coaxially turning, may select the energising of the time domain of even 20 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree 45 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree; Due to �� in 45 degree of states of < with considerable F₁₀, the preferred meaning of Design of power saving has been lost in 20 degree of state energisings of �� <; The current switching time domain that this preferably drives as shown in Figure 6 a, wherein T₁For conduction time, T₂And T₀It is power-off time, (T₁+T₂+T₀) constitute Timing driver current cycle T. When wheel hub integrated electric device needs electromagnetic force braking function, power supply modulator correspondence T₂And T₀Part time domain or all time domain be set to energising, described T₂For the rotor unit time domain around corresponding 0 degree�ܦȡ�35 degree of axle convergence stator unit, T₀For rotor unit around the axle corresponding time domain away from stator unit; In like manner, owing to �� exists considerable tangential electromagnetic force F when 35 to 45 spend state₁₁, Brake Design is unhelpful.

The corresponding control according to �� state to switching electricity of above-mentioned power supply modulator, can approximate transform be electric current sequential relative time control, because �� is 0 state and �� is that 90 degree of states are aobvious state, power supply modulator can be sentenced by timing alignment and know that �� is from 90 degree to 0 degree, i.e. (T₁+T₂) time period, as long as set T₁With T₂Relative time, be namely equivalent to the switching electric control to �� corresponding state; Such as control the time domain energising of corresponding 90 degree to 45 degree of ��, can briefly be set as: at (T₁+T₂) time period initial 1/2 time domain energising, 1/2 time domain power-off afterwards; In like manner, when the time domain energising controlling corresponding 30 degree to 0 degree of ��, can briefly be set as: at (T₁+T₂) time period initial 2/3 time domain power-off, 1/3 time domain energising afterwards. (T₁+T₂) it is an amount relevant to rotating speed of coaxially turning, control to substitute the state to �� with relative time to control to there will be deviation when wheel hub electric device speed change, owing to power supply modulator design has timing alignment, its deviation is typically in the scope that industrial design error allows.

�� is the hidden variable of a respective rotor unit and stator unit relative motion, owing to air gap and magnetic action loop affect, rotor unit on coaxially turning around the exact position that axle correspondence �� is 90 degree be one to circular arc degree of coaxially turning, air-gap separation, stator unit around the relevant value of the parameters such as core shape and arrangement thereof, there is multiple theoretical model, should through test inhabitant area during specific design; After stator unit setting (including combination) scheme is determined, the aobvious state position that corresponding �� is 90 degree is determined simultaneously, it is common that the aobvious state position using �� to be 90 degree judges the one foundation of the internal relative position of electric device as sensing device; Described power supply modulator exports the work-based logic of driving or stalling current accordingly, both can be controlled circuit by ordinary tap and realize, it is possible to adopts CPU programming in conjunction with power model group circuit realiration, or adopts the special chip that large scale integrated circuit technology manufactures to realize.

Rotor unit is moved around axle, T₂The little then T of value₁Time domain is big, has one and drives and the optimal selection problem of braking, useful work and power consumption/heat radiation. Due to drive cannot by F in electric current₁₀It is completely separated, a kind of weakening F₁₀On the preferred version of the potential accumulated heat impact of electric device it is: be set to successively decrease with sequential by energising intensity/amplitude, including arranging the subset that m >=2 energising intensity is successively decreased with sequential, m could be arranged to 2,20,3K or 30K etc., for instance constant current that constant current that after arranging two sections, rank are less than front rank intensity, 5 stage strengths successively decrease successively or 30K stage amplitude are successively decreased the pulse subset constituted continuously; And in the time domain of subset, in like manner may be configured as intensity/amplitude and successively decrease according to sequential. This technical scheme is different from by driving actuation means 9a to reduce the electric current mean intensity action effect to electric device, because always there is real-time micro-deviation in the optimum amounts of current of manual control, it is impossible to drop stream in time by due optimal way in very short time and fully save electric energy. The current maxima of described energising time domain, includes T₁Sequential arranges maximum when starting, or starts less than T₁/ 3 time domains reach maximum, successively decrease in any way with sequential afterwards, to T₁Sequential arranges minima or returns 0 when terminating. In the manufacturing and designing of power supply modulator, the scheme that energising intensity is successively decreased with sequential is numerous, for instance be set to sequential linear decrease, it is possible to be set to by maximum by 2^KRelation sequential is successively decreased, and K span is the positive number of 0.4 to 0.9, etc.; Shown in Fig. 6 b is the designs successively decreased with sequential of a kind of two rank constant currents, Fig. 6 c is a kind of first rank current constant, the curved design successively decreased of second order electric current, Fig. 6 d is a kind of multi-stage current is the design successively decreased continuously, and the amplitude envelope of its multi-stage current intensity is closer to I_t/ A=(I₀�DI_g) preference relation of Sin ��, power savings is more good; The amplitude envelope trend schematic diagram that Fig. 6 e is the electric current of a kind of sequential end time that is energized is not 0, intensity is successively decreased with sequential therebetween.

One stator unit 3a combination coaxial is turned the simple analysis example of a upper PM rotor unit and a magnetic conductor rotor unit, rotor unit is not at the electromagnetic force valid interval of stator unit around the axial period most of the time, should first consider the power-off time T in electric current timing cycles T during programming₀, and then preferred power-off time T₂With driving T conduction time₁, improving the utilization rate of electric energy, Fig. 6 f is that this simple analysis example PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2 is separated by 180 degree when being symmetrical arranged, corresponding one of them rotor unit 3b1/3b2 drives the sequential logic schematic diagram of energising. Combination arranges the advantage of bi-material rotor unit and is in that: if only arranging PM rotor unit on coaxially turning, owing to its magnetic pole is fixing, in the foundation motion model of present invention application, no matter how pole orientation arranges, all can not follow the electromagnetic force of stator unit with dynamic antipole form, energy conversion efficiency is high not as the magnetic conductor rotor unit of sensing magnetisation; If only arranging magnetic conductor rotor unit on coaxially turning, just because of its magnetic pole is sensing magnetisation, when its just at being in same normal 10 with stator unit trapping gap, �� be 0 time, electric motor car is difficult to start from static state, it is easy to stall occur. Upper alternate being provided with PM rotor unit 3b1 when coaxially turning, power supply modulator can be sentenced by induction installation and know that PM rotor unit �� is the position of 0, sends accordingly and static starts sequential electric current; The so-called static simple example starting sequential electric current, it is encounter above-mentioned stall, power supply modulator when setting time maximum and can not get sensing device feedback signal, send the starting current in opposite direction with normal drive current in real time, upper at least one PM rotor unit 3b1 that makes coaxially to turn is subject to the same polarity effect of repelling each other and deviates and be in the state of same normal with stator unit trapping gap, it is to avoid stall occurs.

One stator unit 3a is combined the analysis case of n rotor unit 3b (3b1/3b2), electromagnetic action is there is with n rotor unit 3b in stator unit 3a at the swing circle �� that coaxially turns, power supply modulator preferably sends the energising sequential that n cycle is T, and the correspondence swing circle �� that coaxially turns has n T₁, n T₂And n T₀Sequential working logic, power supply modulator is proposed high requirement by this modular design. Rotor unit not arranges The more the better, and its number n on coaxially turning is limited to the interval corresponding space occupy-place of suffered stator unit electromagnetic force useful effect, and otherwise the sequential current cycle of power supply modulator correspondence output can overlap.

Fig. 7 a is the partial schematic diagram of stator unit 8 rotor units of combination, stator unit coaxially turn swing circle �� respectively with 8 rotor unit generation magnetic action, the theoretical sequential electric current that power supply modulator is corresponding is divided into 8 (T₁+T₂+T₀) cycle, Fig. 7 b denotes a kind of T of setting as ��/8, at T corresponding to direction of rotation of coaxially turning₁��T₂And T₀Schematic frequency domain, Fig. 7 c is the energising logical schematic of one of them cycle T.

As shown in Figure 8, coaxially turning and be internally provided with two stator unit 3a, be provided with 8 rotor unit 3b on coaxially turning, in the swing circle coaxially turned, power supply modulator to provide 8 cycles for (T for two stator units respectively₁+T₂+T₀) sequential electric current, power supply modulator is proposed higher designing requirement by this combination. Optional 8 stator units combine 10 rotor units, 12 stator unit 12 rotor units (as shown in Figure 9) of combination etc. further. In theory when H stator unit and n rotor unit modular design, if power supply modulator is to H the discrete power supply of stator unit winding, need correspondence n*H electric current sequential of design, i.e. n*H (T₁+T₂+T₀) electric current sequential, programming is by sufficiently complex; Therefore in the utility system of multiple stator unit 3a designs, preferred H the electrically coupled in series combination of stator unit winding, or H stator unit winding is divided into some groups of external power supply manipulators, the inside windings in series of such as 4 stator units, tap totally three external electric connection of power supply manipulators of line are drawn in the middle of series connection winding, technically it is also with the difference of the differetial-potential that these three lines compare between two, as the signal source that a kind of rotor unit differentiates with stator unit relative position, substitute the sensing unit being independently arranged.

In theory, it is also possible in one rotor unit of installation and the combination of several stator units of coaxially turning, though but this equivalent arrangements can implement technically, but because the cost of stator unit is of a relatively high, not preferred scheme.

Power supply modulator 1 can use ordinary tap circuit design or pulse digit technology to realize, the fundamental functional modules of the latter generally comprises power converting circuit, interior storage has microprocessor and the signal input and output circuit of working procedure, can correspondingly be controlled to drive the sequential electric current of module output by sensing unit 3c feedback signal, electric device 3 is dynamically controlled, its work-based logic such as Fig. 5 a shows, and Fig. 5 b is the block combiner schematic diagram of a kind of digital technology logic realizing power supply modulator basic function.

The work-based logic transformation directive signal of power supply modulator usually obtains from being connected in the sensing unit coaxially turned interiorly or exteriorly, sensing unit is not limited to use magnetoelectric induction winding or Hall element, it is used as photoelectric encoder etc., when rotor unit is around axle 7 cycle movement, sensing unit can obtain the rate of change of electric current (voltage) and feed back to power supply modulator, and power supply modulator is sentenced, according to this induced signal, the relative position knowing rotor unit 3b and sent electric current sequential accordingly. According to the operating accuracy of sensing unit 3c and reliability requirement, sensing unit 3c can interiorly or exteriorly arrange one or several coaxially turning, even be deformed into from above-mentioned multiple stator unit windings in series become multi-thread circuit feedback mode and use stator unit 3a Double-wire ring around winding feedback mode obtain work-based logic transformation directive signal, now the induced signal input 1c of power supply modulator is built-in accordingly, and its response processes the working procedure logic to power supply modulator 1 and proposes high requirement. Development due to large scale integrated circuit technology, the programming technique realizing the conversion of above-mentioned work-based logic is that industry professional person is known, and institute is it is to be understood that sequential current cycle, energising subset time domain and amplitude change and the basic design parameter such as power-off time domain therebetween.

To sum up, described power supply modulator 1 is a logic power switching system including the design of two-stage period/frequency, and one is T₁The period/frequency design of m subset in energising time domain, this frequency is more high more is beneficial to the amplitude of approaching theoretical economize on electricity optimization and successively decreases relational design; Two is sequential power cycles/frequency, reflect the unit interval inner stator unit 3a energization action number of times to rotor unit 3b, energising amplitude required for the rotating speed of this time sequence frequency remote definition wheel hub integrated electric device and stator unit or electromagnetic force (coming from power supply modulator to be energized to the winding of stator unit), because T₁The amplitude of energising time domain is more big, and the energising of unit interval inner stator unit is more big to the active force of rotor unit, effect number of times is more many, and the rotating speed that its result reflects wheel hub integrated electric device is more fast. The time sequence frequency of the exported electric current of power supply modulator, rotates cycle implicit (T with coaxially turning₁+T₂+T₀) sequential effect number of times, energising mean intensity and the rotating speed of wheel hub integrated electric device be mutually corresponding all physical quantity relations, therefore when after the multiple entrance logic working state that imposes a condition, control sequential energising frequency and namely control the rotating speed of wheel hub integrated electric device. The rotating speed of this Artificial Control wheel hub integrated electric device is by driving the input 1d of actuation means 9a electric connection of power supply manipulator to realize.

Wheel hub electric device of the present invention can fully use trend axle center 7 normal direction electromagnetic force F₁₀Setting up braking function, the brake signal input 1e that now power supply modulator is set up accordingly electrically connects with electro-magnetic braking device 9b, as shown in Figure 5 c, power supply modulator exported drive with the both sides relation logic of stalling current for or; When wheel hub electric device needs to brake, not only T₂Time domain startup energising, and preferred T₀Part or all of time domain respective synchronization be transformed to energising strengthen braking effect, from the design concept of safety first, it is not necessary to for braking energising power saving too much consider; Electro-magnetic braking device 9b may be configured as a continuous or multistage rheostat, and its function is the braking energising intensity that controllable power manipulator exports, and braking electrical current is more big, and electromagnetic braking effect is more good.

Stator unit 3a coaxially turn 3e interiorly or exteriorly with solid mechanical device be connected main points are set, it is to make rotor unit relative air gap 3d of formed effective generation magnetic action in Periodic Rotating, this air gap is that stator unit transmits the energy channel of electromagnetic force to rotor unit, air gap is more little more is conducive to magnetic energy effect to transmit, but the too small easy generation Mechanical Contact of air gap, need to comprehensively hold rigidity and the machining accuracy of material during design; The solid mechanical device of described inside of coaxially turning, is similar to the stator of conventional motors; The solid mechanical device of described outside of coaxially turning, can be considered the local of vehicle frame. It is a kind of preferred exemplary that stator unit is arranged at inside of coaxially turning, and also may be provided at the outside coaxially turned. It should be noted that it is deviate from axle center 7 that rotor unit is subject to the normal component of force of electromagnetic force, without corresponding braking function when stator unit is arranged at and coaxially turns outside.

Described deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is generally formed by some gear combination, can reach change the rotating speed of machine driving input or change the technical goal of torque by the combination of some gears, the design of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is more, it is preferable that be independently disposed to coaxially turn outside; Deceleration/torque changing apparatus with the integrated global design of implementation of coaxially turning, even can also carry out integrated global design with wheel hub; But coaxially turn outside non-coaxial deceleration/torque changing apparatus is set time, generally need to configure suspension, damping spring etc. and adjust center of gravity, not preferred scheme.

In the present invention, the traditional product of described driving actuation means 9a is rheostat or the potentiometer of an easily manipulation deformation design, artificial, with technical development in recent years, the special actuation means being much based upon on photosensitive, Hall control principle basis reaches its maturity, this series products is typically designed as conventional rotating handles formula, also may be designed as plug-type stick or other any manual control modes, including remote control. The conventional use of illuminating lamp of electric motor car, turning/stop, tail and number plate light, sound ring etc. control function, it is usually and is made up of the switch of several electric connection of power supply, such on and off switch can be separately provided, and correlation function also can be implanted power supply modulator shared data bus and unify programming realization.

In the present invention, described wheel hub integrated electric device can be taken turns above electric motor car at one and be arranged, and makes wheel hub integrated electric device of the present invention become main power driven system or auxiliary electric system, and multipath effectively saves electric energy. Described preference is only recommendation, and some technical schemes can be combined and use, can partly use and also can add other mature technologies. As long as the magnetic current energy feature according to electric device 3, by power supply modulator 1 being designed the sequential electric current being accurately controlled, the basic fundamental target of the present invention program can be realized.

The professional person that electric motor car and motor technology are relatively understood in depth, is not difficult on scheme basis of the present invention, ground deformation implementation present invention of drawing inferences about other cases from one instance. Such as on the pulse direct-current motor basis of existing market, converted by the change of sensing mode and controller current sequence and partly implement the present invention. The amplitude of the electric current sequential control method of power supply modulator of the present invention and energising time domain is successively decreased design feature, the infrastructure arrangement of electric device and derivative technology deformation implementation thereof, all should be put into protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1,

The wheel hub integrated electric device of a kind of front and back wheel structure electric two wheeler, selects vehicle frame 4 as illustrated in figure 1 c, and the girth of wheel 5 is 1000mm, and set of cells 8 selects ferric phosphate lithium cell to be arranged on the inside of vehicle frame; Wheel hub integrated electric device is located at the trailing wheel of car. The 3e that coaxially turns of electric device 3 is one to be had and rotates the annular titanium-aluminium alloy circle that axle, girth are 300mm, and the outer rim of alloy ring is connected a rotor unit 3b, on the internal machinery connected with dead axle of alloy ring, installs a stator unit 3a; The 3e that coaxially turns is co-axially mounted with wheel hub 6, is arranged between one by the deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of some gear combination, and is realized and wheel hub 6 machine driving by deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, and the speed reducing ratio of deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is 10:1.

The upper design of coaxially turning of wheel hub integrated electric device has two rotor units, 180 degree of installations of being separated by coaxially turning, and one of them is PM rotor unit 3b1, and material is neodymium iron boron, another is magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, selects market to be prone to the ferromagnet of buying, wherein, the two poles of the earth line of PM rotor unit 3b1 is parallel with the tangent line coaxially turned, and S pole-face is to direction of rotation of coaxially turning, as shown in Figure 2 b, two rotor units are processed into cell type junior unit, and the Design of length of this junior unit is 10mm, and width takes maximum when not affecting installation, snugly fits into the outer rim of the 3e that coaxially turns, stator unit 3a selects market to be prone to the channel magnet of buying around core, more magnetic domain is there is inside this ferromagnet, under outside magnetic field effect, magnetic domain easily turns to and produces the complementary field consistent and much better than with outer magnetic field direction, spill is processed into and corresponding arc of coaxially turning around core bottom, coil windings is formed around spill magnetic core 48 circle by the copper cash of a diameter 0.65mm, Installation features: stator unit is arranged on coaxially turn inside close its inner rim, captive screw is connected with the fixed position of inside of coaxially turning, spill around core top just to coaxial rotating inner edge (as shown in Figure 3 c), and coaxial rotating inner edge forms the interval of 8mm, two ends correspondence is coaxially turned 30 degree of mechanical angles of occupy-place.

Set the maximum speed per hour of electric two-wheel vehicle and be about 20km/h and 5.6m/s (5.6 turns/s), the 3e that coaxially turns is 56 turns/s through the speed limit of deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 correspondence, it is 18ms that meter takes spin cycle time corresponding to speed limit, (the T that namely electric device is powered by power supply modulator₁+T₂+T₀) timing cycles minima T is 18ms; Power supply modulator adopts conventional electrical control circuit to realize, and maximum overload capacity 850W sets T₁: (T₂+T₀) for 1:35; The current intensity of the corresponding maximum speed per hour output of power supply modulator is 20A when rated voltage 24V, and this current value designs and through test inhabitant area in conjunction with electric device 3 according to complete vehicle weight, the specified body weight of driver, is as the criterion with experiment value.

The power input 1a of power supply modulator 1 electrically connects the both positive and negative polarity of set of cells 8, Timing driver current output terminal 1b electrically connects the coil windings of stator unit 3a, induced signal input 1c electrically connects sensing unit 3c, train signal input 1d electrical connection and drives actuation means 9a. Power supply modulator, to the energising direction after stator unit combination, is set to the extremely inverse direction of rotation of coaxially turning of N. Sensing unit 3c is made up of a magnetoelectric induction winding, and sensing unit is connected in the position of the internal and close its inner rim of the 3e that coaxially turns by captive screw.

What this electric two-wheel vehicle was external drives actuation means 9a to adopt the rotating potentiometer of stepless variable resistance, Conventional hand grips formula, by the Aided design with electronic control circuit, can pass through to change resistance and control the current intensity of power supply modulator 1 output in real time, thus controlling the normal speed of electric bicycle. The control unit 2 of the power on/off manipulations such as the conventional use of illuminating lamp of electric bicycle, turning/stop, tail and number plate light, sound ring, all adopts commercial products supporting.

The work-based logic that power supply modulator 1 sets as: relative with stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b periodically trapping gap 3d, the state being in same normal 10 (�� is 0) is designated as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, driving signal is provided when manpower assistant or with driving actuation means 9a, and around the moment that axle to �� is 90 degree of positions, (respective rotor unit enters the initial time that spill is relative within the scope of core two ends to sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit, this fine moment is that a basis is coaxially turned the parameter designing such as circular arc and air gap the value through test inhabitant area, it is as the criterion with experiment value), power supply modulator starts output 15A electric current, when rotor unit 3b is around each forward of axle 7 to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing cycle time to reference seat target with rotor unit forward last time, know the instantaneous value of this cycle time, and according to real-time status, further work logic is judged: if driving actuation means 9a to power supply modulator 1 without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy, if driving the actuation means 9a instruction provided is accelerate, then power supply modulator is at next cycle respective rotor unit 3b around the time period that axle to �� is 90 degree of positions, performs T₁With (T₂+T₀) ratio is the switching electricity sequential of 1:35, the mean intensity of energising is by driving actuation means to provide in real time; If driving actuation means to maintain the power supply modulator output electric current state close to 20A, the logic state of above-mentioned setting is by more and more higher for the sequential energising frequency making power supply modulator, in corresponding wheel 5 each cycle, the electromagnetic force number of times of rotor unit 3b is got more and more by stator unit 3a, and speed is more and more faster; When sequential be energized frequency maintain the state of 20A higher than set 1/18ms (correspondence coaxially turn 56 turns/s of rotating speed) or the power supply modulator output continuous 3s of electric current time, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator and reach the design object of automatic speed-limiting.

Embodiment 2,

The sequential electric current of embodiment 1 power supply modulator is changed into: energising time domain is set to the constant current that two sections of time and intensities are mutually corresponding, and feature is rear 1/2 time current I₂/ A is front 1/2 time current intensity I₁The half of/A; The work-based logic of power supply modulator is adjusted to: when stator unit winding start energising time, power supply modulator in 5s with I₁Intensity 20A (corresponding I₂For 10A) the electric current sequential of 1.2% output intensity is automatically strengthened for benchmark, the corresponding every next cycle of swing circle of coaxially turning, the relative scale of two sections of energising time domains is 1:1; From actuation means further work instructions to be driven such as 6s are initial: if driving actuation means 9a without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy; If driving the instruction that actuation means provides is accelerate, then power supply modulator is when stator unit winding is started energising by next cycle, performs T₁With (T₂+T₀) ratio is 1:35 and I₁With I₂Current intensity 2:1, conduction time ratio 1:1 electric current sequential, in real time the mean intensity of energising is by driving actuation means to provide.

All the other are identical with embodiment 1, and this slow acceleration mode more adapts to safe design requirement. Stator former unit winding starts the moment of energising, it is possible to change into (T₁+T₂) time period is reference value time delay 1% to 5%.

Embodiment 3,

The basis of embodiment 2 optimizes the power-up procedure of power supply modulator: by T₁Energising time domain is set to that 5 periods of conduction time is identical but electric current that current intensity rule is successively decreased, and 5 sections of energising intensity press K*I₁The linear relationship hierarchical subtractive clustering of/A, degradation factor K is 0.7, namely when the initial current intensity of 5 periods of conduction times is 20.0A, T₁The rule that current intensity in sequential is 20.0A, 14.0A, 9.8A, 6.9A, 4.8A automatically is successively decreased. Power-up procedure logic uses the design that conventional electronic circuitry realizes controlling more complicated, and manufacturing cost is also higher, is changed into by power supply modulator and adopts ripe pulse digit technology to realize. .

Power supply modulator nucleus module includes the driving module of a conventional CPU and design power 500W, its refinement work-based logic is as shown in Figure 5 b, wherein impulse transfer modulate circuit has been mainly pulse signal has been converted to step signal, pulse signal generator mainly produces required pulse signal, secondly through peaker output spike pulse, it is then passed through amplitude limiter circuit to be filtered by the negative half period of spike, only remaining positive axis spike, it is integrated adding up with the integrating circuit of integrated transporting discharging composition, plus voltage comparator and control circuit, just constitute complete step pulse signal, each element of circuit is carried out parameter adjustment, thus being met the step signal of work-based logic requirement. power supply modulator 1 is at T₁In energising sequential, making driving module produce the pulse current that a series of amplitudes are successively decreased, pulse frequency 30KHz with sequential by control chip (CPU), all the other are similar with embodiment 2, acquired power performance is similar to Example 2, but power savings is relatively good.

Embodiment 4,

The pulse subset amplitude of embodiment 3 is changed and is set to successively decrease continuously, i.e. power supply modulator correspondence T₁When starting current is 20A, the rule that the amplitude envelope trend of energising time domain is (20-4.8) Sin �� automatically is successively decreased, and wherein �� is electromagnetic force F direction suffered by rotor unit and its normal component of force F₁₀The dynamic angle that direction is formed. For improving the functional reliability of position signalling sensing, sensing unit is set to two by the present embodiment.

The present embodiment successively decreases relation because pulse subset envelope that power supply modulator 1 exports have selected the sequential more optimized, and the saving electric energy effect that electric motor car travels is better than embodiment 3. Wheel hub integrated electric device described in the present embodiment, also can be arranged on front-wheel and the single block of two wheeler and tricycle accordingly.

Embodiment 5,

After electro-tricycle, under railway carriage or compartment, the crossbeam middle part, inside of two trailing wheels arranges wheel hub integrated electric device, select easy vehicle frame 4 as shown in Figure 1 d, the wheel 5 selecting girth to be 1500mm, set of cells 8 selects plumbic acid colloid battery, set of cells 8 to be arranged on the ad hoc position of vehicle frame 4 of bottom, railway carriage or compartment after electro-tricycle.

The 3e that coaxially turns of electric device 3 is one to be had and rotates the annular alloy steel ring that axle, girth are 500mm, steel ring inner homogeneous is chimeric 8 the rotor unit 3b that are connected respectively, including 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 and 4 magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, the S of 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 is extremely all just to the axle 7 turned, as shown in Figure 2 a; The permanent magnet of 8 rotor units and the alternate average setting of magnetic conductor, its partial structurtes are as shown in Figure 7a; Coaxially turning on the outside machinery connected with vehicle frame 4, the spacing 10mm of a stator unit 3a, stator unit and steel ring outer rim is installed; Coaxially turn and install with wheel hub 6 concentric in crossbeam middle part, both sides respectively arrange one by the deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of some gear combination, two deceleration/torque changing apparatus are coaxially being turned and concentric installation between two wheel hubs 6, realizing the machine driving to two rear-wheel hubs by two deceleration/torque changing apparatus, the speed reducing ratio of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is 9:1.

The present embodiment underlying parameter designs with reference to embodiment 1 and adjusts, the coil windings of stator unit is adjusted to 60 circles, matrix is 45 degree around the mechanical angle of the corresponding occupy-place of coaxially turning of core, continue to select speed limit 20Km/h and 5.6m/s (3.7 turns/s), the speed limit through deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 correspondence of coaxially turning is 33.3 turns/s, and it is 30ms that meter takes spin cycle time corresponding to speed limit; Because of the stator unit coaxially turned outside 3e in a swing circle of coaxially turning respectively with 8 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces, (T that electric device is powered by power supply modulator₁+T₂+T₀) timing cycles correspondence speed limit value is 3.75ms, chooses T₁: (T₂+T₀) for 0.75:3; Power supply modulator selects large scale digital logic switch integrated circuit to realize, and designs maximum overload capacity 1500W.

The work-based logic that power supply modulator 1 sets is similar with the method for embodiment 1, and power supply modulator, to the energising direction after stator unit combination, is set to the extremely inverse direction of rotation of coaxially turning of N. Be energized frequency by the sequential of period regulation record, would know that real-time speed, when sequential be energized frequency higher than 1/3.75ms (correspondence coaxially turn 33.3 turns/s of rotating speed) time, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator 1 and reach the design object of automatic speed-limiting.

The present embodiment is arranged at outside the 3e that coaxially turns because of stator unit 3a, its normal direction F₁₀It is the axle deviating from the 3e that turns, it is impossible to utilize wheel hub integrated electric device relative set braking function of the present invention.

Embodiment 6,

The stator unit 3a of embodiment 5 is changed into and is connected at the internal and fixing machinery of the 3e that coaxially turns, stator unit reduce so as to may be installed inside the 3e that coaxially turns accordingly around core, coaxially the turn mechanical angle of occupy-place of winding and correspondence is constant, makes the normal direction electromagnetic force F suffered by rotor unit₁₀Being tend to coaxially to turn the axle 7 of 3e, all the other installation methods of wheel hub integrated electric device are with to drive electric current sequential and embodiment 5 similar.

Power supply modulator increases a brake signal input 1e accordingly and electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device 9b, and as shown in Figure 5 c, electro-magnetic braking device is ten grades of rheostats; When Artificial Control electro-magnetic braking device sends brake signal, power supply modulator cuts off T₁The electric current of corresponding sequential, starts T₂Time domain is energized, energising time domain be set in sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit 3b around axle to �� be 35 degree to the time period that �� is 0 position; This braking energising time domain T₂Can also corresponding cycle sequential T and be briefly set as: at (T₁+T₂) sequential in, the T of initial 11/18₁Time domain power-off, the afterwards T of 7/18₂Time domain is energized.

The stalling current that power supply modulator exports, ten grades of resistance shelves of corresponding electro-magnetic braking device 9b are set to ten grades of intensity, sets the current intensity that exports as: chopped-off head 5A, final stage 26A, ten grades of electric currents are on average arranged.

The present embodiment is owing to having additional the soft brake type brake unit of electromagnetism, and slowing effect is mild.

Embodiment 7,

The brake logic that embodiment 6 power supply modulator exports is optimized for: the braking energising time domain of stator unit winding is increased rotor unit relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place and be in the time domain away from state, namely as startup T₂During time domain energising, by T₀The work-based logic of part time domain synchronizes to be transformed to energising, this T₀The numerical value of part time domain and (T₁+T₂) equal, energising Startup time is with �� for 0 beginning timing; Power supply modulator is at this T₀Stalling current intensity that part time domain exports and T₂Time domain is identical.

The braking energising of stator unit winding is added the present embodiment rotor unit and stator unit is in the time domain away from state; This braking energising time domain can briefly be set as by corresponding cycle sequential T: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, the time domain power-off of initial 11/36, (the T of 25/36 afterwards₂+T₀) time domain energising.

The present embodiment strengthens the effect of electromagnetic braking, and driving safety coefficient is higher,

Aforementioned �� is the time period that 35��0 degree of positions are corresponding, it is also possible to change to the time period of 10��0 degree of positions.

Embodiment 8,

After electro-tricycle, sill corresponding two wheels 5 in railway carriage or compartment are respectively mounted two set wheel hub integrated electric devices, two 3e corresponding two wheels respectively of coaxially turning are installed near its wheel hub 6 concentric, respectively arrange one therebetween by the deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of some gear combination, the speed reducing ratio of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is 9:1, two deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 and 3e and two the wheel hub 6 concentrics installations of coaxially turning, realize the machine driving to two rear-wheel hubs 6 by two deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2. All the other are similar with embodiment 7.

In the present embodiment, drive power supply time domain be defined as �� from 90 degree to 45 degree the corresponding time period.

The present embodiment uses two set wheel hub integrated electric devices to drive two wheels, electro-tricycle multiplexing dynamic force.

Embodiment 9,

Being set up by the stator unit 3a of embodiment 5 electric three-wheel truck electric device is two, be arranged on the machinery that the outside vehicle frame of the 3e that coaxially turns is ad hoc, titanium-aluminium alloy coaxially turn 3e with integrated forming technique in inside the rotor unit 3b of chimeric 8 alternate settings. Two stator units change cylinder into around core, umber of turn is identical with embodiment 1, cylindrical vertical with corresponding normal 10 of coaxially turning around core two ends line 12 during installation, as shown in Figure 3 a; Two stator units are arranged on the side coaxially turned outside 3e, install near the annular position of the outer rim 9mm that coaxially turns, technology requires that the mechanical spacing adjoining rotor unit 3b with direction of rotation is identical, the winding of two stator unit 3a is electrically connected in series, common 8 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces equally distributed with it in 3e swing circle of coaxially turning; Power supply modulator 1 correspondence 3e spin cycle time of coaxially turning is identical.

In the present embodiment, drive power supply time domain be defined as �� from 90 degree to 20 degree the corresponding time period, brake power time domain be defined as �� from 25 degree to 0 degree the corresponding time period.

The present embodiment is because have employed two stator unit 3a, and power effect doubles.

Embodiment 10,

In embodiment 9, it is in 8 rotor unit 3b as two stator unit 3a are non-and coaxially turns on 3e central plane with axle 7 is constituted, micro-deviation is there is in the electromagnetic force direction of rotor unit 3b with direction of rotation of coaxially turning, if stator not made optimizing and revising of mechanical layout around core and mount scheme thereof, then when stator unit inside winding is energized by big electric current, it is possible to cause coaxially turning understable. The present embodiment is overcome the unilateral mechanical layout's defect installing two stator units, is changed into by two stator unit 3a and installing at 3e both sides space symmetr of coaxially turning, and winding is electrically connected in series, and the electromagnetic pole direction of two stator units is identical.

Embodiment 11,

For strengthening the motorized effect of electro-tricycle further, the present embodiment arranges 12 stator unit 3a on the machinery that 3e inside of coaxially turning is ad hoc, stator unit is cylindrical around core, umber of turn is identical with embodiment 1, during installation, cylinder overlaps with corresponding normal 10 of coaxially turning around core two ends line 12, as shown in Figure 3 b, and at the annular position near coaxial rotating inner edge 8mm it is uniformly distributed; Titanium-aluminium alloy coaxially turn 3e with integrated forming technique in inside the rotor unit 3b of chimeric 12 alternate average settings, including 3 PM rotor unit 3b1 and 9 magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, the N of 3 PM rotor unit 3b1 is extremely all just to the axle turned, during installation, alternate 1 the PM rotor unit of every 3 magnetic conductor rotor units.

The winding of 12 stator units is electrically connected in series, tap is drawn in the middle of the winding of every 4 stator units, externally form 3 lines and form electric external loop (being similar to the �� shape connection of the internal winding of conventional motors), 12 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces equally distributed with it in 3e swing circle of coaxially turning; The electric connection mode correspondence of power supply modulator 1 is designed as three wire circuit, its time sequential pulse electric current mean allocation in each loop that three lines are constituted exported accordingly; Power supply modulator, to the energising direction after stator unit combination, is set to the extremely inverse direction of rotation of coaxially turning of N. The present embodiment can compare differetial-potential difference between two further with the external biphase feedback of stator unit 3a winding, as the signal source that a kind of interior location differentiates, substitutes the sensing unit being independently arranged.

The wheel hub integrated electric device of the present embodiment is arranged on the crossbeam of two trailing wheels of electric four-wheel vehicle, the method that the driving of wheel hub electric device, brake control mode and stator former unit are arranged at inside of coaxially turning is similar, drive power supply time domain be defined as �� from 90 degree to 60 degree the corresponding time period, this driving time domain correspondence cycle sequential T that powers briefly is set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 1/6 time domain energising, 5/6 time domain power-off afterwards. Braking power supply time domain is defined as �� from 30 degree to-90 degree corresponding time period (�� is-is worth that respective rotor unit defines relatively away from the state of stator unit), and this driving is powered time domain correspondence cycle sequential T and is briefly set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 1/3 time domain power-off, afterwards 2/3 time domain energising.

The present embodiment is because adopting 12 stator units/rotor unit combination, and power effect is greatly enhanced.

Embodiment 12,

On the basis of embodiment 11, wheel hub integrated electric device is installed on the crossbeam of two front-wheels of electric four-wheel vehicle shown in Fig. 1 e: on crossbeam, the wheel hub of corresponding two wheels is respectively configured two coaxially turn 3e and the transmissions of a set of deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2. On each 3e that coaxially turns and internal and aforementioned similar rotor unit 3b and stator unit 3a is set, and a sensing unit 3c is respectively set, power supply modulator 1 relative set is that 4 road electric currents export and be electrically connected 4 stator unit 3a windings coaxially turned within 3e, makes electric four-wheel vehicle can obtain the motorized effect of multiplication.

The present embodiment and previous example arrange the electric motor car of electric device at crossbeam, and two Electric Motor Wheel at crossbeam two ends exist differential when turning driving, should be specifically designed speed limit, or to the built-in differential program of power supply modulator 1.

Embodiment 13,

Wheel hub integrated electric device is implemented in the quasi-single-wheel structure of coaxial compact two wheels of installation.

Take turns in above electric motor car conventional single-wheel and one, two wheels of coaxial compact installation are considered as quasi-single-wheel, between two wheel hubs 6 of two wheels, the 3e that coaxially turns is set, each wheel hub 6 is all built-in with deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, and the 3e that coaxially turns passes through deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 to both sides wheel hub 6 transmission; Rotor unit 3b, stator unit 3a and sensing unit 3c that all built-in integrated design of the 3e that coaxially turns manufactures are arranged on inside the 3e that coaxially turns, and power supply modulator 1 and set of cells 8 are arranged on vehicle frame 4 optional position.

The present embodiment is owing to being designed as Electric Motor Wheel the quasi-single-wheel structure of two coaxial compact installations of wheel, and the electric running effect making the quasi-two-wheeled structure electric car of deformation design is more stable; The present embodiment can technology deformation further, deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is built in wheel hub 6 and changes into and be built in the design coaxially turned outside 3e.

Embodiment 14,

Embodiment 6 in the middle of the inside crossbeam of two trailing wheels or two-end part the technical scheme of wheel hub integrated electric device is set, be deformed into the two wheeler that two-wheeled is coaxially mounted in parallel. The present embodiment is coaxially mounted in parallel because of two Electric Motor Wheel, and during turning driving, two Electric Motor Wheel exist differential, therefore should be specifically designed speed limit, or by the differential program to the built-in turning driving of power supply modulator 1, make turning driving more stable.

Embodiment 15,

In embodiment 1 spill around the top of core just to, in the design basis of the inner edge of the 3e that coaxially turns, spill deflecting against rotation of wheel direction around the top of core 5 degree of angles, all the other are similar with embodiment 1. The present embodiment, because forming the deflection angle of electromagnetic field after the internal winding energising of stator unit 3a, more meets dynamic model periodically attracting during rotor unit 3b rotates with the 3e that coaxially turns, and acquired implementation result is better than embodiment 1.

Embodiment 16,

Sensing unit 3c described in embodiment 1 is connected in inside the 3e that coaxially turns, sensing unit 3c change is arranged on the vehicle frame 4 of front-wheel by the present embodiment, in front-wheel 5 cycle in the face of the annular region any part of sensing unit 3c, one piece of permanent magnet is set specially, the sensing winding making sensing unit 3d rotates with wheel 5 and periodically obtains induced signal, and acquired implementation result is similar with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 17,

The stator unit winding of embodiment 1 is changed into two-wire wounded core, and two windings are formed by two 0.65mm copper cash wounded core 48 circles, and one of them winding loop is powered for power, electric connection of power supply manipulator 1; Another winding loop is used as to substitute the sensing unit 3c being independently arranged, as the rotor unit 3b differentiation signal source with wheel 5 position of rotation.

In addition the design of stator unit winding can be optimized for further: power power winding by the copper cash of a diameter 0.65mm around spill magnetic core 48 circle form, sensing winding is formed around spill magnetic core 15 circle by the copper cash of a diameter 0.20mm, can more save copper material.

Embodiment 18,

The electric motor car of the wheel hub integrated electric device cooperation central power formula described in any of the above-described example or double source automobile will be installed, described wheel hub integrated electric device is taken turns setting at least one, making wheel hub integrated electric device of the present invention become auxiliary electric system, multipath effectively saves electric energy.

Above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, technical scheme is modified or equivalent replacement, without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims

1. a wheel hub integrated electric device, it is characterized in that, described wheel hub integrated electric device includes wheel hub (6), deceleration/torque changing apparatus (2), power supply modulator (1), drives actuation means (9a) and at least a set of electric device (3); Described electric device includes coaxially turning (3e), at least one stator unit (3a) and some rotor units (3b); Described coaxially turning is an annular machinery circle with rotation axle; Described some rotor units include at least one PM rotor unit (3b1) and at least one magnetic conductor rotor unit (3b2), it is alternate be arranged at and coaxially turn on; Described PM rotor unit is multiple when arranging on coaxially turning, and its pole orientation is identical; Described stator unit is arranged close to the interiorly or exteriorly vehicle frame coaxially turned, and air gap (3d) is not more than 70mm between the two; Described coaxially turn and wheel hub is coaxially disposed, and by decelerations/torque changing apparatus and wheel hub machine driving;

Described power supply modulator includes power input (1a), sequential current output terminal (1b) and driving signal input (1d), the both positive and negative polarity of described power input electrical connection set of cells (8), the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit, driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means (9a); Described power supply modulator, by driving actuation means to obtain the driving instruction of user the inside winding output current to stator unit, makes electric device and integral hub thereof obtain driving/braking.

2. wheel hub integrated electric device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described deceleration/torque changing apparatus (2) is formed by some gear combination, its machine driving input is connected with coaxially turn (3e), and its machine driving outfan is connected with wheel hub (6); Deceleration/torque changing apparatus is independently arranged, or with coaxially turn or wheel hub integrated setting.

3. wheel hub integrated electric device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described stator unit (3a) is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by the good conductor loop of least one set, by connected in series or in parallel between the winding that its several combination obtains, or form multi-thread external loop by drawing centre tap between different windings, the electromagnetic pole that its energising is formed and the motion of described PM rotor unit (3b1) opposite polarity in opposite directions.

4. wheel hub integrated electric device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric device also includes sensing device, and described sensing device includes some sensing units (3c) that can sense described rotor unit (3b) and stator unit (3a) relative position; Described sensing unit electrically connects with the transducing signal input (1c) of described power supply modulator; Described electric device at least interiorly or exteriorly arranges a sensing unit at coaxially turn (3e).

5. wheel hub integrated electric device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described sensing device includes the inside winding of stator unit (3a), and described internal winding includes surrounding the winding of stator unit magnetic core and by the multi-thread external loop being in series between some stator unit windings.

6. wheel hub integrated electric device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wheel hub integrated electric device also includes electro-magnetic braking device (9b), described power supply modulator also includes brake signal input (1e), it electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device, obtains the brake instruction of user and in the corresponding time sequence inside winding output current to the stator unit (3a) of electric device (3) by electro-magnetic braking device.

7. containing the electric motor car of the arbitrary wheel hub integrated electric device of claim 1��6, described electric motor car includes the electric motor car of one or more wheel and electronic, autocycle; The wheel of described electric motor car includes single-wheel and the quasi-single-wheel structure of coaxial two wheel hubs of compact installation.

8., based on the driving method of claim 1��6 any device, the method controls vehicle wheel rotation by power supply modulator (1) according to the position relationship output timing electric current of described rotor unit (3a) and described stator unit (3b);

Described sequential defines according to rotation of wheel direction; Described sequential electric current combines the rotor unit number on coaxially turning according to stator unit electromagnetic field in the useful effect interval coaxially turned on (3e) and arranges several make and break periods, and each make and break period includes power supply time domain and power-off time domain; Described power supply time domain is positioned at the 20 degree�ܦȡ�90 degree corresponding time period, and described �� is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of the electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force; In described power-off time domain, power supply modulator (1) does not export electric current.

9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described power supply modulator at least includes two sections of different current amplitudes in power supply time domain, and diminishes successively in amplitude chronologically; The amplitude in described power supply time domain or its period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m territory is linearly successively decreased with sequential relation;

Or in 2^KSuccessively decrease relation, described index K value 0.4 to 0.9;

Or be following relation: I_t/ A=(I₀�DI_g) Sin ��, wherein I₀For initial energising intensity, I_gCurrent intensity for the end time that is energized.

10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, the magnetic flux density of electric current initial in described energising time domain T1, voltage or stator unit (3a) is obtained road speed instantaneous value by sensing device and combines the instruction driving actuation means (9a) to provide and adjust.

11. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that described method also includes aligning step; Described aligning step for using relative for stator unit (3a) and rotor unit (3b) periodicity trapping gap 3d, �� be 0 state as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when rotor unit goes to reference seat timestamp every time, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing with cycle time last time, thus knowing spin cycle time and the speed of corresponding wheel hub, and control output electric current.

12. the braking method based on claim 1��6 any device, the method is relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place at described rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit and is in away from least one time domain of state, and power supply modulator (1) output timing electric current controls wheel braking;

Described rotor unit convergence stator unit is the 0�ܦȡ�35 degree corresponding time periods, and described �� is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of the electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force.