CN105586486A - Power density compensation method for laser shock processing metal part surface - Google Patents
Power density compensation method for laser shock processing metal part surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power density compensation method for a laser shock processing metal part surface. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, under the requirements of light transmission central line without changing the shape of laser spots, a manner of utilizing a single cylindrical lens or a cylindrical lens combination is provided, a power density compensation scheme that an oblique incidence action region is equal to normal incidence is realized through a manner of precompressing the laser action extension direction, and a treatment method which is more flexible than the conventional compensation method without changing the shape of the light spots is obtained, has very good reference value to the laser shock processing process and the like and is wide in applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the power density compensation method on a kind of laser impact intensified metal parts surface, belongs toIn technical field of laser processing.
Background technology
In the process technologies such as conventional laser boring, cutting, welding, laser is saturating with little focal length sphereMirror (being generally less than F300) converges, and has an effect in focal position and material, is equivalent to maximumPower density acts on material.
The laser impact intensified one that is treated to utilizes high power density short pulse laser beam through water constraintLayer radiation is at target material surface absorbed layer, and absorbed layer gasifies rapidly to ionize and forms high-temperature plasma, heightIsothermal plasma is limited by water constraint layer, so the blast of expanding forms high-pressure shocking wave, impacting with high pressureRipple imports target inside into be strengthened. In laser impact intensified process, laser beam and target material surface methodWire clamp angle is zero, but strengthens object structure complexity, laser beam and target normal while applying due to engineeringMust inclination just can carry out laser impact intensifiedly, but oblique incidence laser beam spot be at target material surfaceProjection meeting is elongated, and as shown in Figure 1, supposes that acting surface is metal parts surface 2, and laser beam 1 inclinesThe angle of the normal on oblique incidence direction and metal parts surface 2 is θ, and launching spot area 4 existsProjection facula area 3 on metal parts surface 2 increases 1/cos θ, by power density formula(E is laser power density, and τ is pulsewidth, and A is that hot spot is in target material surface projected area)Known, laser power density is down to Icos θ, affects Effect of Laser Shock Processing. Meanwhile, tiltWhen incident laser shock peening target, because water constraint layer can produce very large reflectivity to laser beam,So require the angle of laser and acting surface normal to be less than 60 °, and laser-impact processing requirements swashsThe power density error in light action region can not exceed 10%. Therefore to keep laser action regionPower density is stable or light spot shape is stable, need to adopt the scheme of power density compensation. At presentThe laser-impact of laser oblique incidence is processed and wanted the method for the density stabilized employing of guaranteed output is generally to increaseAdd laser pulse power density or dwindle the methods such as laser facula size, but adopt two-sided strengthened orWhen other particular/special requirement of person, not only need two-sided power density coupling, also need the coupling of shape,The coupling of position, need to have a kind of adjustable compression factor, maintenance light axle center, power density mistakePoor 10% the fine compensation method that do not exceed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention designs a kind of laser is provided for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art justThe power density compensation method on shock peening metal parts surface, its objective is utilize cylindrical mirror orCylindrical mirror combination, carries out precommpression to laser action bearing of trend, ensures laser projection area powerIt is constant that density keeps, and ensures the technology of strengthening effect.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The power density compensation method on this kind of laser impact intensified metal parts surface, is characterized in that:The method refers to that the normal angle θ of laser beam (1) oblique incidence direction and metal parts surface (2) is littleIn the time of 60 °, and in laser impact intensified process, make between metal parts surface (2) and lensDistance is greater than 300mm, should adopt one of following methods close to the power of laser oblique incidence hot spot (7)Degree compensates:
Method one, single protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is placed on to laser beam (1) to metal parts surface (2)On incident path, the center line of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) overlaps with the center line of laser beam (1), and incident swashsIt is upper that light beam (1) focuses on metal parts surface (2) by protruding cylindrical mirror (5), Jiao of protruding cylindrical mirror (5)Be 400～2000mm apart from f1, the central point of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is apart from the distance of metal parts surface (2)Should meet following formula from D1:
D1=f1cos θ formula 1
The method is first carried out the launching spot area (4) of laser beam (1) by protruding cylindrical mirror (5)Uniaxial Compression Rcos θ forms Uniaxial Compression hot spot (6), then by laser beam (1) and metal zeroPart surface (2) normal angle θ, compresses Uniaxial Compression hot spot (6) long axis direction, realizesOn metal parts surface (2), laser oblique incidence hot spot (7) equates with launching spot area (4),The method effect: realize the power density compensation of laser oblique incidence, in error 5%; Avoid sharpThe pollution that in light shock peening process, water splashes to protruding cylindrical mirror (5), extends protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and changesCycle;
Method two, a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and a recessed cylindrical mirror (8) are placed on to laser beam successively(1) on the incident path of metal parts surface (2), in protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8)Heart line overlaps with the center line of laser beam (1), and incoming laser beam (1) is by protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed postThe collimated light beam that the pressure beam mirror effect that face mirror (8) forms forms focuses on metal parts surface (2)Upper, focal distance f 1, the f2 of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) are 400～2000mm, projectionDistance B 2 between the central point of face mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) meets following formula:
D2=f1-f2 formula 2
F2/f1=cos θ formula 3
The method is first carried out the launching spot area (4) of laser beam (1) by protruding cylindrical mirror (5)Uniaxial Compression Rcos θ forms Uniaxial Compression hot spot (6), and protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror(8) the pressure beam mirror effect forming forms collimated light beam, then by laser beam (1) and metal parts tableFace (2) normal angle θ, compresses Uniaxial Compression hot spot (6) long axis direction, realizes metalThe upper laser oblique incidence hot spot (7) of piece surface (2) equates with launching spot area (4), is somebody's turn to doMethod effect: protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is combined to form pressure beam mirror effect with recessed cylindrical mirror (8), realizes and meetingAny distance power density between the recessed cylindrical mirror (8) of safe distance and metal parts surface (2) of splashingCompensation, in error 5%; Avoid the dirt that in laser impact intensified process, water splashes to recessed cylindrical mirror (8)Dye, extend recessed cylindrical mirror (8) replacement cycle;
Method three, the combination one of a condenser lens (9) and a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is placed successivelyLaser beam (1) to the incident path of metal parts surface (2) on, or by a condenser lens (9),It is right that the combination two of a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and a recessed cylindrical mirror (8) is placed on laser beam (1) successivelyOn the incident path on metal parts surface (2), combination one and combination two center line and laser beam (1)Center line overlap, to focus on metal parts surface (2) upper by combining one for incoming laser beam (1),Incoming laser beam (1) focuses on by the collimated light beam that combines the pressure beam mirror effect of two formations and formMetal parts surface (2) is upper, and focal distance f 1, the f2 of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) be 400～2000mm, the focal length of condenser lens (9) is 500～1000mm, the central point distance of protruding cylindrical mirror (5)The distance B 3 on metal parts surface (2) meets following formula:
D3=f1cos θ formula 4
Distance B 4 between the central point of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) meets following formula:
D4=f1-f2 formula 5
F2/f1=cos θ formula 6
By regulating the distance between condenser lens (9) and protruding cylindrical mirror (5), by laser oblique incidenceReduced to the 1～3mm of hot spot (7) is to realize the compensation of small light spot power density.
Outside the method eliminating method one and method two technology, regulate condenser lens (9) and protruding cylindrical mirror simultaneously(5) distance between makes laser oblique incidence hot spot (7) reach laser power density compensation and adjust lightThe object of spot size, realizes the compensation of small light spot power density, widens laser impact intensified range of application.
The feature of technical solution of the present invention is not change under the condition of laser facula shape, utilizes thoroughlyThe mode of mirror combination, by laser action bearing of trend is carried out to precompressed mode, ensures pressure beamRear laser keeps original incident direction, and realize the oblique incidence zone of action and be equal to vertical incidence,Do not change light spot shape, more flexible than conventional compensation method, make laser rush treatment process and obtain technologyOn lifting and progress, expanded applicability.
Brief description of the drawings
The schematic diagram that when Fig. 1 is laser oblique incidence, hot spot changes
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the enforcement light path of the inventive method one
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the enforcement light path of the inventive method two
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of implementing light path of the inventive method three
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that the another kind of the inventive method three is implemented light path
Fig. 6 is laser oblique incidence angle and power back-off density conversion figure
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to drawings and Examples, technical solution of the present invention is further described:
Shown in accompanying drawing 2～6, the power density on this kind of laser impact intensified metal parts surface is mendedCompensation method, is characterized in that: the method refers to laser beam 1 oblique incidence direction and metal parts tableWhen the normal angle θ of face 2 is less than 60 °, and in laser impact intensified process, make metal partsSurface 2 and lens between distance be greater than 300mm, should adopt one of following methods to laser tilt intoThe power density of penetrating hot spot 7 compensates:
Method one, as shown in Figure 2, first by the launching spot face of protruding cylindrical mirror 5 to laser beam 1Long-pending 4 carry out Uniaxial Compression Rcos θ forms Uniaxial Compression hot spot 6, and protruding cylindrical mirror 5 and recessed postThe pressure beam mirror effect that face mirror 8 forms forms collimated light beam, then by laser beam 1 and metal parts tableFace 2 normal angle θ, compress Uniaxial Compression hot spot 6 long axis directions, realize metal partsOn surface 2, laser oblique incidence hot spot 7 equates with launching spot area 4, inclines thereby realize laserThe 7 power density compensation of oblique incidence hot spot, error ensures in 5%. According to laser beam 1 and metalPiece surface 2 normal angle θ, select the protruding cylindrical mirror 5 that focal length is f1, by formula D1=f1cosθ calculates the central point that obtains protruding cylindrical mirror 5 apart from the distance B 1 on metal parts surface 2, and protectsCard distance B 1 is greater than 300mm and avoids the dirt that in laser impact intensified process, water splashes to recessed cylindrical mirror 8Dye, extend recessed 8 replacement cycles of cylindrical mirror.
Method two, as shown in Figure 3, first by the launching spot face of protruding cylindrical mirror 5 to laser beam 1Long-pending 4 carry out Uniaxial Compression Rcos θ forms Uniaxial Compression hot spot 6, and according to protruding cylindrical mirror 5 HesFocal distance f 1, f2 and the laser beam 1 of recessed cylindrical mirror 8 and metal parts surface 2 normal angle θ,Calculate and obtain and adjust protruding cylindrical mirror 5 and recessed cylinder by formula D2=f1-f2 and f2/f1=cos θThe pressure beam mirror effect that distance B 2 between the central point of mirror 8 forms protruding cylindrical mirror 5 and recessed cylindrical mirror 8Fruit forms collimated light beam, then by laser beam 1 and metal parts surface 2 normal angle θ, to listCompress to compression hot spot 6 long axis directions, realize laser oblique incidence on metal parts surface 2Hot spot 7 equates with launching spot area 4, the method laser oblique incidence hot spot 7 power densities benefitsRepay, in error 5%; By the pressure beam mirror effect forming due to protruding cylindrical mirror 5 and recessed cylindrical mirror 8Form collimated light beam, make the central point of recessed cylindrical mirror 8 can be far apart from metal parts surface 2,Much larger than 300mm, avoid the pollution that in laser impact intensified process, water splashes to recessed cylindrical mirror 8, prolongLong recessed 8 replacement cycles of cylindrical mirror;
Method three, as shown in Figure 4,5, on method one and method two basis, the method is at projectionCondenser lens 9 of the front interpolation of face mirror 5, according to the small light spot diameter of laser oblique incidence hot spot 71～3mm, regulates the distance between condenser lens 9 and protruding cylindrical mirror 5, and according to protruding cylindrical mirror 5With focal distance f 1, the f2 of recessed cylindrical mirror 8, by formula D3=f1cos θ, formula D4=f1-f2 andFormula f2/f1=cos θ, adjusts the central point of protruding cylindrical mirror 5 apart from the distance on metal parts surface 2Distance between D3 and protruding cylindrical mirror 5 and the central point of recessed cylindrical mirror 8, makes laser oblique incidence lightSpot 7 reaches laser power density compensation and adjusts the object of spot size, realizes small light spot power closeDegree compensation, widens laser impact intensified range of application.
Too much calculate compensation scheme and have inconvenience, in concrete enforcement, can adopt stage benefitCompensation method, supposes that the error that our power density can allow is 5%. As shown in Figure 6, work as laserBundle 1 is greater than 72 ° with the angle on metal parts surface 2, can think that incident direction approaches normal direction,Power density on laser projection face is 95% of normal direction. When laser beam 1 and metal parts surfaceAngle in 60 °～72 ° time, angle can be approximately to 65 °, at this time need to adopt cylinderThe combination of mirror or cylindrical mirror by hot spot Uniaxial Compression to original 90%. According to the laser on Fig. 5 the right withThe angle of plane can the corresponding left side compression ratio.
Claims (1)
1. the power density compensation method on laser impact intensified metal parts surface, its feature existsIn: the method refers to the normal angle of laser beam (1) oblique incidence direction and metal parts surface (2)When θ is less than 60 °, and in laser impact intensified process, make metal parts surface (2) and lens itBetween distance be greater than 300mm, should adopt the merit of one of following methods to laser oblique incidence hot spot (7)Rate density compensates:
Method one, single protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is placed on to laser beam (1) to metal parts surface (2)On incident path, the center line of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) overlaps with the center line of laser beam (1), and incident swashsIt is upper that light beam (1) focuses on metal parts surface (2) by protruding cylindrical mirror (5), Jiao of protruding cylindrical mirror (5)Be 400～2000mm apart from f1, the central point of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is apart from the distance of metal parts surface (2)Should meet following formula from D1:
D1=f1cos θ formula 1
Method two, a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and a recessed cylindrical mirror (8) are placed on to laser beam successively(1) on the incident path of metal parts surface (2), in protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8)Heart line overlaps with the center line of laser beam (1), and incoming laser beam (1) is by protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed postThe collimated light beam that the pressure beam mirror effect that face mirror (8) forms forms focuses on metal parts surface (2)Upper, focal distance f 1, the f2 of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) are 400～2000mm, projectionDistance B 2 between the central point of face mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) meets following formula:
D2=f1-f2 formula 2
F2/f1=cos θ formula 3
Method three, the combination one of a condenser lens (9) and a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) is placed successivelyLaser beam (1) to the incident path of metal parts surface (2) on, or by a condenser lens (9),It is right that the combination two of a protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and a recessed cylindrical mirror (8) is placed on laser beam (1) successivelyOn the incident path on metal parts surface (2), combination one and combination two center line and laser beam (1)Center line overlap, to focus on metal parts surface (2) upper by combining one for incoming laser beam (1),Incoming laser beam (1) focuses on by the collimated light beam that combines the pressure beam mirror effect of two formations and formMetal parts surface (2) is upper, and focal distance f 1, the f2 of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) be 400～2000mm, the focal length of condenser lens (9) is 500～1000mm, the central point distance of protruding cylindrical mirror (5)The distance B 3 on metal parts surface (2) meets following formula:
D3=f1cos θ formula 4
Distance B 4 between the central point of protruding cylindrical mirror (5) and recessed cylindrical mirror (8) meets following formula:
D4=f1-f2 formula 5
F2/f1=cos θ formula 6
By regulating the distance between condenser lens (9) and protruding cylindrical mirror (5), by laser oblique incidenceReduced to the 1～3mm of hot spot (7) is to realize the compensation of small light spot power density.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108251633A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-06 | 佛山市南海区广工大数控装备协同创新研究院 | A kind of laser shock peening method of oblique incidence |
| CN109117553A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of beam energy distribution determination method suitable for equal strength laser-impact |
| CN115121943A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Optical spot dynamic correction device, system and method for oblique incident laser shock strengthening |
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| CN108251633A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-06 | 佛山市南海区广工大数控装备协同创新研究院 | A kind of laser shock peening method of oblique incidence |
| CN109117553A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of beam energy distribution determination method suitable for equal strength laser-impact |
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| CN115121943A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Optical spot dynamic correction device, system and method for oblique incident laser shock strengthening |
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Application publication date: 20160518 |