CN105555325B - 创伤敷料 - Google Patents
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- CN105555325B CN105555325B CN201480050844.5A CN201480050844A CN105555325B CN 105555325 B CN105555325 B CN 105555325B CN 201480050844 A CN201480050844 A CN 201480050844A CN 105555325 B CN105555325 B CN 105555325B
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Abstract
一种袋装蝇蛆形式的创伤敷料,具有塑料制成的多孔壁,该壁具有开孔聚氨酯泡沫制成的膜,其孔径为0.1mm‑1mm。
Description
本发明涉及创伤敷料,其表现为封装蝇蛆的袋,其具有塑料制成的多孔壁。
为治疗慢性愈合不佳的创伤,已知的方法是将活的蝇蛆放进伤口中。为此,优选地使用丽蝇如丝光绿蝇的蛆。蛆的疗效在于伤口清洁(清创术)、抑菌活性以及刺激伤口愈合。基本上是蛆分泌的消化酶起的作用。
蛆可被放入开放伤口中被称为自由行动者,而粘合纱则防止它们从伤口逃走。
当前,优选地是通过将蛆封闭在袋状创伤敷料中的方式来使用蛆。袋的壁是多孔的,以使蛆所分泌的分泌物可穿过并进入伤口,且使得溶解的坏死组织可进入袋中并可被蛆吸收。这样的创伤敷料已被EP 1 020 197B1公开。
在该已知的创伤敷料中,壁是由聚酰胺(例如,尼龙纤维)或聚酯纱线制成的细网格,网格的宽度约为0.12mm。这种创伤敷料有例如由德国Barsbüttel的Biomonde GmbH公司推广的“BioBag”品牌,它的使用在例如2009年《Journal of Wound Technology》第18-23页“伤口愈合的蛆虫疗法(Maggot therapy for wound healing…)”一文中有相关描述。为了防止壁的粘接,垫片(例如PVA海绵)被优选地插入袋中,由此为蛆虫保持了足够的自由空间。
在该已知的创伤敷料中,纺织网状的壁的网格必须非常细密,以使蛆虫不会扩大网格并逃出。细密网格结构的缺点在于壁的多孔性以及因此具有的流体渗透性。由此,已有人尝试在细密网格聚酰胺制成的袋外包围聚氯乙烯酒精湿膜。这种创伤敷料已由上述Biomonde GmbH公司以“VitaPad”的商品名提供。然而,PVA涂层减少了孔隙性。PVA泡沫被以水性海绵的形式用作促愈合创伤敷料。然而,由于强蒸发性,PVA材料体层中的水分仅可在短期内防止蛆虫干死。因此,整个绷带每天需要润湿三次以保持蛆虫存活。此外,PVA膜需要保持湿润,因为干燥时膜变硬,从而不再与伤口贴合,且在某些情况下伤及伤口边缘。频繁地润湿伤口使得创伤治疗耗时。蒸发降低了绷带的温度,且因此降低了伤口的温度,由此对蛆虫的生长和伤口的愈合产生负面影响。特别地,持续性保持绷带潮湿也促进了微生物病原体(即所谓的潮湿细菌)的生长。由此导致的感染是创伤治疗的危险副作用。因此,这种创伤敷料的应用存在问题,也因此该种创伤敷料也撤出了市场。
本发明的目的是提供一种创伤敷料,其在一种简单的应用中可改进蝇蛆疗法的疗效和安全性。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1中特征的创伤敷料被实现。
本发明的有利实施例以及进一步拓展由附属权利要求提供。
根据本发明,创伤敷料被制成袋装活蝇蛆的形式,其具有由全开孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUR泡沫)制成的膜所形成的壁。优选地,PUR膜的全开孔结构通过网格化制成。完全一致的开孔结构确保了袋壁的流体渗透性。优选地,PUR泡沫在网格化后被压缩,因此泡沫材料的稳定性增加且孔尺寸减小。
相比于已知的创伤敷料而言,使用全开孔PUR膜可达到惊人的实质性好处。
临床应用惊奇地显示,当创伤敷料的膜直接放在伤口表面上时,也可确保被PUR干燥膜包裹的蛆虫的最佳外界环境。PUR膜的蒸发表面比PVA湿膜小得多。因此,伤口部分本身的湿度大体上足以使蛆虫生存和生长。因此只在偶尔的情况下需要密切照看润湿和保持伤口绷带湿润。极大地防止了潮湿细菌的形成。
尽管具有细密网格聚酰胺网的创伤敷料需要非常细小的网格宽度以防止蛆虫将网格开口弄宽,PUR泡沫实际上不允许蛆虫将孔尺寸弄宽。因此,膜可制成具有较大孔径和较小厚度,从而改进蛆分泌物和液化的坏死组织的膜渗透性。
PUR泡沫所导致的另一个惊人优点是可制成具有非常统一的孔尺寸。因此,可使用的膜的孔径尺寸可选择为蛆虫刚好不能穿透网孔的尺寸。PUR泡沫的生产和处理技术可使得能将孔尺寸的分散宽度减少至在创伤敷料的袋中安全封闭蛆虫能与膜的最佳孔隙度相结合的程度。
PUR膜的又一实质性优点是,PUR膜柔软贴合,使得创伤敷料紧密贴靠伤口表面,因此促进了蛆虫的疗效和蛆虫分泌。在此情况下,PUR膜的柔软弯曲性能不依赖于外界环境,也就是也特别不依赖于湿度。因此,无需监控和干预创伤敷料的湿度。这样,应用被极大地简化了。
一般而言,袋状创伤敷料是由两个膜表面通过例如粘接或焊接制成的,其中一个放置在另一个上面,每一个的边缘相互连接。边缘相互连接的缝保持柔软和弯曲,使得其不妨碍创伤敷料与伤口表面的贴靠,且其不伤害伤口表面。PUR的低熔点尤其使得可通过简单、经济的方式来焊接,且可具有较高的可靠性。
由于PUR泡沫的材料特性,袋内相互贴靠的壁不具有粘接的趋向。因此,发展和生长中的蛆虫可推开袋的柔软弯曲的壁且可不妨碍它们的发展,而无需额外向袋内插入隔片。
PUR泡沫粗糙的薄膜具有相对小的表面,使得流体蒸发较小。因此,创伤敷料和封闭的蛆虫干死的风险较低。
聚氨酯泡沫可以基于聚醚或聚酯生产。膜的PUR泡沫对伤口的促愈合影响与已知的PVA敷料相似。基于聚醚的PUR泡沫为优选是因为其优良的抗水解型、其抗酸碱性、其在低温下优良的柔韧性以及尤其是因为其抗微生物性。
PUR泡沫制成的膜可制成具有0.5mm或更小的厚度,即壁厚。优选地,膜的厚度可为约0.1mm。这种薄的厚度促进了膜的柔然弯曲性能和良好的流体渗透性。
PUR膜的孔径被选择为越大越好,以确保在伤口的一面具有最大可能的流体渗透性,且在外面对蛆虫具有良好的透气性。孔径的上限由蛆虫的尺寸尤其是蛆虫的直径来决定。孔径被选定为略小于蛆虫的直径,以使蛆虫不能穿透孔、扩大孔并从壁中逃出。
对于绿瓶蝇丝光绿蝇来说,蝇卵具有例如0.47mm的平均直径。在第一幼虫阶段,新孵化出的蛆虫的平均直径约为0.75mm,可观察到+/-50%的较强变化。在第二幼虫阶段,蛆虫的平均直径为1.37mm,可观察到仅+/-20%的较小变化。
从上述数值可得出,PUR膜的孔径最小为0.1mm。再小的孔径将只会降低流体渗透性;然而,却不具有封闭蛆虫的任何益处。对于所有可被考虑的蝇蛆而言,孔径的上限不应超过1.0mm。根据上述蛆虫的测量,0.4mm的孔尺寸直径上限可用于当前绝大多数情况下使用的丝光绿蝇的蛆虫。为了可靠地防止蛆虫使用其相对呈锥形的头部穿透孔,优选地选择约0.3mm的孔径。
在一有利的实施例中,为了为创伤敷料袋中生长的蛆虫提供足够的空间,框形隔片可插在形成袋壁的膜表面相互连接的边缘处。隔片增加了壁的明确的内部距离;然而其不减少袋的内表面积。
在本发明的一进一步发展中,附加的内袋可插入PUR膜形成的袋中,其壁也由开孔PUR泡沫形成的膜制成。内袋的PUR膜的孔径为≤0.4mm。内袋的膜的抗撕裂性较低。该较低的抗撕裂性可通过使内袋的膜具有非常薄的壁和/或具有预定的断裂线来实现。这种预定的断裂线可以是例如内袋边缘处的焊接或粘接缝。
在该实施例中,蝇卵被插入内袋中,其随后被外袋包裹。内袋的孔尺寸确保蝇卵不可从内袋中滑出。由于该孔尺寸,从卵中孵化出的小蛆虫也不可从内袋中逃出。孵化后,蛆虫的力气和大小迅速增长,使得其在内袋中产生高压,导致内袋撕裂或爆裂。然后,蛆虫可在外袋中自由漫游。在该实施例中,外袋的PUR膜的孔尺寸可根据在第二幼虫阶段从内袋中逃出的蛆虫的尺寸来选定。因此,外袋的壁的孔尺寸可具有例如1.0mm的直径。该实施例的优点是,蛆虫在还是卵的时候就可插入创伤敷料中,且可在早期的第一幼虫阶段即可对伤口的愈合起到积极的作用。在第二幼虫阶段,蛆虫被保持在外袋中,该外袋可具有相对较大的孔径,且因此具有非常高的渗透性。以此方式,蛆虫生长过程中不同的蛆虫活动以及不同的蛆虫分泌物成分可在蛆虫的整个生长期被最佳化利用。
Claims (9)
1.一种袋装蝇蛆形式的创伤敷料,具有塑料制成的多孔壁,
特征在于所述壁具有由全开孔聚氨酯泡沫制成的膜,所述膜的孔径为0.1mm-0.4mm,所述聚氨酯泡沫被网状化,所述聚氨酯泡沫被压缩。
2.如权利要求1所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于孔径为0.3mm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于所述膜的厚度为≤0.5mm。
4.如权利要求3所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于所述厚度为0.1mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于所述聚氨酯泡沫由聚醚型聚氨酯制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于所述袋由两个膜表面制成,其中一个所述膜表面放置在另一个所述膜表面上且在边缘处相互连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于框形隔片在所述膜表面相互连接的边缘处插入在所述膜表面之间。
8.一种袋装蝇蛆形式的创伤敷料,具有塑料制成的多孔壁,特征在于一个内袋被插入所述袋中,所述内袋由全开孔聚氨酯泡沫制成的壁形成,其孔径≤0.4mm且抗撕裂性低,所述聚氨酯泡沫被网状化,所述聚氨酯泡沫被压缩。
9.如权利要求8所述的创伤敷料,
特征在于所述袋的孔径为0.4mm-1.0mm。
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DE102013107464.2 | 2013-07-15 | ||
DE102013107464.2A DE102013107464A1 (de) | 2013-07-15 | 2013-07-15 | Wundauflage |
PCT/EP2014/064267 WO2015007539A1 (de) | 2013-07-15 | 2014-07-03 | Wundauflage |
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CN105555325A CN105555325A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
CN105555325B true CN105555325B (zh) | 2018-09-25 |
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CN201480050844.5A Active CN105555325B (zh) | 2013-07-15 | 2014-07-03 | 创伤敷料 |
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EP (1) | EP3021877B1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN105555325B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102013107464A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK3021877T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3021877T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015007539A1 (zh) |
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CN106113128B (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-07-31 | 湖北祥源新材科技股份有限公司 | 一种聚合物薄片、制造方法及应用 |
CN107126305A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-05 | 大连医科大学附属第医院 | 一种五谷虫清创包 |
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GB9411429D0 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1994-07-27 | Seton Healthcare Group Plc | Wound dressings |
DE19901134C2 (de) | 1999-01-14 | 2002-11-21 | Wilhelm Fleischmann | Verbandsmaterial |
GB2422315B (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2009-11-11 | Zoobiotic Ltd | Maggot delivery system |
US7601129B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2009-10-13 | Aalnex, Inc. | Wound shield and warming apparatus and method |
DE102005061246A1 (de) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Alpha-Biocare Gmbh | Präparate mit niedermolekularen Substanzen aus Dipteren zur Behandlung von Wunden |
US7816577B2 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2010-10-19 | Aalnex, Inc. | Wound shield |
DE102006047041A1 (de) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-10 | Birgit Riesinger | Flächenhafter Absorptionskörper |
EP2173389A2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2010-04-14 | Lipopeptide AB | New medical products |
EP2014314A1 (de) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-14 | Bayer Innovation GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Schäumen für die Wundbehandlung |
JP2009131451A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Biotherapy Medical Co Ltd | ハエの幼虫又は卵の医療用投与容器とこれに用いるスペーサー |
DE102008037888A1 (de) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-25 | Birgit Riesinger | Wundpflegeartikel, aufweisend Textilbänder mit Fasern mit gelbildenden Eigenschaften sowie Fasern mit nicht gelbildenden Eigenschaften |
EP2159255A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-03 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geformten Polyurethanschaum-Wundauflagen |
EP2179749B1 (de) * | 2008-10-23 | 2012-08-08 | Paul Hartmann AG | Polyurethangelschäume |
DE102009005363A1 (de) * | 2009-01-17 | 2010-07-22 | Agiltera Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung, Herstellen der Vorrichtung und Verwendung der Vorrichtung als Wundauflage |
CN102695528B (zh) * | 2009-08-21 | 2016-07-13 | 诺万公司 | 创伤敷料、其使用方法及其形成方法 |
DE102009042791A1 (de) * | 2009-09-27 | 2011-04-07 | Agiltera Gmbh & Co. Kg | Halbfeste Zubereitungen biologischer Arzneimittel |
US8772567B2 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2014-07-08 | Paul Hartmann Ag | Use of a polyurethane foam as a wound dressing in negative pressure therapy |
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2013
- 2013-07-15 DE DE102013107464.2A patent/DE102013107464A1/de not_active Ceased
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2014
- 2014-07-03 PL PL14741224T patent/PL3021877T3/pl unknown
- 2014-07-03 EP EP14741224.1A patent/EP3021877B1/de active Active
- 2014-07-03 JP JP2016526516A patent/JP6404341B2/ja active Active
- 2014-07-03 DK DK14741224.1T patent/DK3021877T3/da active
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- 2014-07-03 CN CN201480050844.5A patent/CN105555325B/zh active Active
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2016
- 2016-01-15 US US14/996,763 patent/US10292870B2/en active Active
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- 2018-07-05 US US16/028,009 patent/US11129750B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK3021877T3 (da) | 2019-06-24 |
CN105555325A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
US10292870B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
WO2015007539A1 (de) | 2015-01-22 |
US20160120704A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
JP6404341B2 (ja) | 2018-10-10 |
JP2016528963A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
US20180318136A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
EP3021877A1 (de) | 2016-05-25 |
DE102013107464A1 (de) | 2015-01-15 |
US11129750B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
PL3021877T3 (pl) | 2019-08-30 |
EP3021877B1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
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