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CN105548343B - Detection method based on maglev part defect - Google Patents

Detection method based on maglev part defect Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105548343B
CN105548343B CN201510909832.XA CN201510909832A CN105548343B CN 105548343 B CN105548343 B CN 105548343B CN 201510909832 A CN201510909832 A CN 201510909832A CN 105548343 B CN105548343 B CN 105548343B
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CN105548343A (en
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赵朋
颉俊
傅建中
贺永
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/825Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by using magnetic attraction force

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测装置和方法,包括:竖直方向同轴设置的两个磁铁,两个磁铁同极相对设置,且在该磁极表面上的磁感应强度相同;设置在两个磁铁之间且带有放样口的检测容器,该检测容器内盛放有顺磁性介质溶液;所述检测装置用于横截面为中心对称结构的样品,样品高度不大于截面最大直径的3/4,且样品的磁化率小于1×10‑5。与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明测试方法操作简单,对操作者要求不苛刻,且本发明的检测装置整体结构简单,成本低廉,测试结果易于观测,检测灵敏度高,易于实现自动化。

The invention discloses a detection device and method for parts defects based on magnetic levitation, comprising: two magnets arranged coaxially in the vertical direction, the two magnets are arranged opposite to each other with the same pole, and the magnetic induction intensity on the surface of the magnetic pole is the same; A detection container with a sampling port between two magnets, the detection container contains a paramagnetic medium solution; the detection device is used for samples with a centrally symmetrical cross-section, and the height of the sample is not greater than the maximum diameter of the cross-section 3/4, and the magnetic susceptibility of the sample is less than 1×10 ‑5 . Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the test method of the present invention is simple to operate and not demanding on the operator, and the detection device of the present invention has a simple overall structure, low cost, easy observation of test results, high detection sensitivity, Easy to automate.

Description

Detection method based on maglev part defect
Technical field
The invention belongs to components defects detection fields, are specifically related to a kind of detection based on maglev part defect Device and detection method.
Background technique
High molecular material is a kind of widely used material, is permeated in the every nook and cranny of our production and living.Manually closing Before macromolecule product, people mainly make the application of high molecular material to the direct use of natural material or simple processing With.Until the thirties in last century, the progress of polymer science is so that synthesis macromolecule may be implemented to industrialize, and high molecular material is Fast development is entered to period.High molecular material is synthesized due to the diversification of its own raw material type and point that can be obtained The diversification of minor structure allows synthesis high molecular material to obtain the characteristic of suitable engineer application.In general, macromolecule material Expect that opposite traditional engineering materials all have density low, higher than strong, insulation, the characteristics such as absorbing obtain it in engineer application extensively General application prospect, and can gradually replace some traditional materials.
Plastics and rubber are two class materials most widely used in high molecular material.The main manufacture of plastic products at present For injection molding manufacture.Due to the characteristic of material itself and the influence of inappropriate technological parameter, it is easy to appear heat for plastic products The defects of contracting, stomata, internal structure is uneven.Detection for plastic products, appearance detection rely primarily on people's naked eyes and detect, carefully The appearance of small part is detected with greater need for equipment such as microscopes, and testing result does not only rely on instrument detection accuracy, to testing staff Experience level also there are certain requirements.And the detection for internal flaw, then generally require complicated and expensive detection method.When When needing non-destructive testing, need that (such as application No. is 201410802185.8 patent documents to disclose one using supersonic sounding Kind laser melting coating remanufactures part defect type ultrasound analysis method, and this method is popped one's head in more using different size ultrasonic longitudinal wave The secondary flaw echoes that arrive of acquisition scanning, then obtain most red defect situation by Signal Analysis System and observation), laser Detection (such as application No. is the patent documents of CN201410241352.6 to disclose a kind of part quality defect detector and utilization The method that the detector is detected is controlled the operation of each stepper motor by PLC control system, drives the laser on detector Sensor scans part, transmits data to PLC control system, and the data being collected into are passed to computer, will by computer The data of the data and Computer Database Plays part that scan carry out error comparative analysis, detect underproof zero Part) or X-ray detection.When high testing cost makes the above detection technique be applied to plastic products detection, it can significantly improve The cost of plastic products.
Miniature circular section plastic part is a kind of plastics very common in plastic part, most of revolving meber, sealing element And function part all has this category feature.It is common such as plastic gear, plastic seal ring, plastic washer, plastic optical lens Deng.Therefore applicable detection method is as described above, have that detection process is cumbersome, the high disadvantage of testing cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is theoretical based on magnetic suspension aiming at the problem that existing detection mode, proposes a kind of based on maglev zero The detection device of part defect, the detection device overall structure is simple, uses simplicity.
Invention also provides a kind of detection methods based on maglev part defect, can be quick using this method Detect that detection efficiency and precision are high, practical with the presence or absence of external or internal flaw in sample.
A kind of detection device based on maglev part defect, comprising:
Two magnet of vertical direction coaxial arrangement, two magnet homopolarities are oppositely arranged, and the magnetic in the magnetic pole surfaces Induction is identical;
It is arranged between two magnet and has the detection container of setting-out mouth, is contained with paramagnetism medium in the detection container Solution;
The detection device is the sample of center symmetrical structure for cross section, and height of specimen is not more than cross-sectional maximum dimension 3/4, and the magnetic susceptibility of sample is less than 1 × 10-5
Height of specimen is not more than the 3/4 of cross-sectional maximum dimension, and for the sample of circular cross section, cross-sectional maximum dimension is Diameter prevents sample to be flipped, the judgement of interference detection results.The detection container is not by having ferromagnetic material It is made, avoids its adverse effect to testing result.
For detected sample, flawless sample should be symmetrical and even density sample, detects in a device When, it should be at keeping the posture of certain height z and holding level in corresponding density gradient.
Preferably, the magnetic induction intensity that the magnet is oppositely arranged magnetic pole surfaces is 0.3T~0.6T.
Preferably, the vertical range between two magnet homopolarities is 40~45mm.
Preferably, the medium solution is ferric chloride in aqueous solution, manganese chloride aqueous solution or gadolinium chloride aqueous solution.
As further preferred, the medium solution is manganese chloride aqueous solution, the molar concentration of manganese chloride aqueous solution is 1~ 5mol/L.At this point, its density is about 1.0~1.3g/cm3;Magnetic susceptibility is about 1.7~5.5, can meet most of plastic, rubber sample The detection of product.
Preferably, it is circular high molecular material that sample, which is cross section,.Such as can be detected with rubber seal, it can PMMA lenses are detected etc..
Preferably, the detection container is transparent vessel.The detection container is made by not having ferromagnetic material, Avoid its adverse effect to testing result.Equally, detector lens can also be set in opaque detection container as needed Deng can realize the detection to sample state by external display.It as a further improvement, can be by connecting with computer It connects, realizes automatic identification.
The present invention also provides a kind of detection methods based on maglev part defect, using any of the above-described technical solution The device, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) different according to sample to be tested material, suitable medium solution is configured, guarantees that sample to be tested is placed in medium solution When middle, it can swim in medium solution, medium solution is then placed in detection container;
(2) sample to be tested is placed in the medium solution of detection container;
(3) detection container with sample to be tested is placed between described two magnet;
(4) after sample to be tested is stablized, the posture of observation sample to be tested in the solution determines defect type in sample And defective locations.
To further increase detection accuracy, preferably, any coordinate system can be constructed before sample to be tested detection, it should The Z-direction of coordinate system is parallel with two magnet axis directions or is overlapped, and X-axis and Y axis be on horizontal plane, according to step (2)~ (4) standard sample is detected, determines the coordinate value at standard sample center, the standard coordinate value to get standard samples, and Horizontal plane where standard coordinate value, the horizontal plane are index plane.In the present invention, the standard sample being previously mentioned refers to internal, outer The equal zero defect in portion is sample.
Preferably, the posture of observation sample to be tested in the solution in step (4), determines defect type in sample and lacks Fall into position, specifically: first determine whether sample to be tested centre coordinate and across centre coordinate the plane of symmetry whether with standard coordinate Value is corresponding with index plane: if it does correspond, then illustrating test sample zero defect;If do not corresponded to, illustrate that test sample is defective.
As further preferred, specifically the step of are as follows:
When sample to be tested centre coordinate is overlapped with standard coordinate value, but when itself run-off the straight, then the sample interior Existing defects;Defect is typically in the side of run-off the straight;
When the plane of symmetry across centre coordinate of sample to be tested is overlapped with index plane, but centre coordinate deviates When, then illustrate the sample exterior existing defects;Defect is typically in the side of translation direction;
When the centre coordinate of sample to be tested is identical as standard coordinate value x, y, i.e., on the axis in two magnet, and The plane of symmetry across centre coordinate is parallel with index plane coincidence, and when not being overlapped, then illustrates that the sample interior has symmetrical lack It falls into.
The above-mentioned part lossless detection method based on magnetic levitation system of the present invention, the principle is as follows: two pieces of homopolarities are opposite, table The identical strong magnet of face magnetic induction intensity, Surface field intensity are all B0On the line (we are referred to as " axis ") of magnetic blow out centre It can generate from-B0To B0Linear magnetic induction intensity gradient.Magnetic field on upper and lower two magnet centerlines lineIt is distributed as
Wherein, B0For magnet surface magnetic induction intensity, Bx、By、BzRespectively point of the magnetic induction intensity in x, y, z axis direction Amount, d distance between two magnet.Paramagnetic compounds solution (medium solution) if it exists between two blocks of magnet, then magnetic field can be to solution In the very low substance of diamagnetic substance or magnetic susceptibility generate the power along magnetic induction line direction, expression formula is as follows:
In formula:It is the power that magnetic field generates, χsIt is the magnetic susceptibility of tested sample, χmIt is the magnetic susceptibility of medium solution, μ0For space permeability, V is sample volume,For gradient operator.According to magnetic suspension theory, in any position in magnetic field Sample suffered by magnetic field force x, y-axis direction component resultant force be directed toward two magnet centerlines, for no defect quilt Object is surveyed, final balance position will be in two magnet centerlines.Equilibrium equation are as follows:
ρ in formulasFor sample rate, ρmFor solution density,For acceleration of gravity.Normally, measured matter is diamagnetism Substance or magnetic susceptibility are very low, and magnetic susceptibility can be ignored.
The imperfect defect of sample appearance destroys the symmetrical shape of sample, but unequal to the density of sample entirety Even property and local density's uniformity have an impact.In most cases, defect mostly occurs in sample edge position, when defect sample When being in normal specimens (standard sample) equilbrium position, defect part can not balance its symmetrical region in XOY because of material deficiency Suffered magnetic field force, sample can be pushed to the imperfect direction of shape in plane, and when being finally reached new equilbrium position, show as There is deviation in sample original center and magnetic field center line.
Sample internal flaw causes the density uniformity in region to change.The density uniformity of defect area becomes Change, leads to region χsWith ρsVariation.When defect sample is in the equilbrium position of normal specimens, compared with normal specimens, defect The variation that buoyancy suffered by part and gravity resultant force are generated due to density uniformity.This variation leads to magnetic field force and gravity in region The torque not rebalancing that buoyancy resultant force generates, deflects so as to cause sample.Under normal conditions, defect generates position, ρsBecome It is small, therefore the region will appear the phenomenon that upward deflecting.Under extreme case, the internal flaw of sample is about sample center pair Claim, shows as water product posture in the solution, but due to internal existing defects, sample ensemble average density changes, defect The balance height z ' of sample is higher than zero defect Sample equilibration height z.
The detection of detection device and detection method of the invention particularly suitable for circular cross-section plastic part defect, it is actually detected In the process, the density of product should be estimated according to product material before detection, while configures corresponding medium solution.Such as need essence Solution magnetization rate is really calculated, solution magnetization rate can be measured with Gu Aifa.By adjusting density size, realize close to medium solution The adjustment of degree and magnetic susceptibility.
In the present invention, medium solution can generate corresponding power to the diamagnetic substance being placed in solution under magnetic fields, The size of power is related to magnetic induction intensity and solution magnetization rate.The magnetic induction of linear change can be generated between the opposite magnet of magnetic pole Intensity gradient, the power generated in the solution also show as linear gradient.Inside and outside this method detection circular cross-section plastic part Portion's defect, advantage are the convenience and low cost of non-destructive testing and the detection to circular cross-section plastic part.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: test method of the present invention is easy to operate, operator is required Not harsh and of the invention detection device overall structure is simple, low in cost, and test result is easy to observe, and detection sensitivity is high, It is easy to automate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic view of the front view of the detection device of the invention based on maglev part defect.
Fig. 2 is the present invention looks up structural representation of the detection device of the invention based on maglev part defect.
Fig. 3 is the schematic view of the front view that the present invention is used for the imperfect defects detection of small size plastic optical lens appearance.
Fig. 4 is the present invention looks up structural representation of attached drawing shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the schematic view of the front view that the present invention is used for small size plastic optical lens Inner Defect Testing.
Fig. 6 is the present invention looks up structural representation of attached drawing shown in Fig. 5.
Specific embodiment
To be more clearly understood the present invention, below according to specific example and attached drawing of the invention, the present invention is carried out Further instruction.
It as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, is magnetic levitation system schematic diagram of the invention, including magnet 1, magnet 4, medium solution 2, Sample 3, detection container 5.It is coaxially disposed on magnet 1,4 vertical direction of magnet, and homopolarity is oppositely arranged, in Fig. 1, two magnet The pole N is oppositely arranged, towards detection container.
Detection container 5 is the transparent vessel of upper opening, and glass, the materials such as plastics generally can be used.
Magnet 1, magnet 4 are identical in the magnetic induction intensity of N pole surface, generally 0.3T~0.6T, in the present embodiment, magnet 1, magnet 4 is 0.5T in the magnetic induction intensity of N pole surface.The distance between magnet 1, magnet 4N pole surface are d, and d is generally 40 ~45mm, in the present embodiment, d value is 45mm, be magnetic induction intensity at two magnetic blow out centre line height d/2 is 0T.
Medium solution 2 selects molar concentration for the ferric chloride in aqueous solution, manganese chloride aqueous solution or gadolinium chloride of 1~5mol/L Aqueous solution.In the present embodiment, the medium solution 2 that selects for 2.5M MnCl2Solution, the relationship of concentration and density and magnetic susceptibility It is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is various concentration MnCl2Density corresponding to solution and magnetic susceptibility.
Concentration (mol/L) Density (g/cm3) Magnetic susceptibility
1 1.099 1.774×10-4
1.5 1.148 2.771×10-4
2 1.196 3.724×10-4
2.5 1.244 4.650×10-4
3 1.292 5.438×10-4
It is found that it can be by adjusting MnCl by table 12The concentration of solution realizes the adjustment to its density and magnetic susceptibility.
Detection device is the sample of center symmetrical structure for cross section, and height of specimen is not more than the 3/ of section maximum gauge 4, sample run-off the straight is prevented, the magnetic susceptibility of sample is less than 1 × 10-5.PMMA lens are detected using method of the invention, The sample 3 is 10 × 3.0 biconvex lens of Φ, is diamagnetic substance.
In the present embodiment, the magnetic suspension detection method of circular arc interface plastic part, comprising:
(1) sample density is estimated according to sample material.
The medium solution of suitable concentration is configured, molar concentration 2.5M guarantees that sample can float in the solution.It configures After medium solution, it is poured into detection container.
Before testing can be right, it can configure the medium solution that concentration is every liter of integer mole, carry out density and magnetic susceptibility Calibration, according to the sample rate of estimation, can immediately arrive at the concentration of the medium solution needed to configure.
Under normal circumstances, in suitable range, solution density is slightly less than sample density.
(2) sample to be tested is placed in medium solution.
(3) medium solution is placed among two in magnetic suspension detection device magnet.
(4) observation tested sample position in the solution and posture.
Any coordinate system can be constructed before sample to be tested detection, Z-direction is parallel with two magnet axis directions or again It closes, standard sample is detected according to step (2)~(4), the coordinate value at standard sample center is determined, gets standard samples Horizontal plane where standard coordinate value and standard coordinate value, the horizontal plane are index plane.In standard sample herein refers to Portion, external zero defect are acceptable lens.Acceptable lens are placed in device, and center should be located on magnetic field center line, Posture should keep horizontal with horizontal plane, and the central horizontal plane of symmetry is located on index plane.Levitation height is mark to sample in the solution Quasi- height Z.
The posture of observation sample to be tested in the solution, determines defect type and defective locations in sample in step (4), has Body are as follows: first determine whether sample to be tested centre coordinate and across centre coordinate the plane of symmetry whether with standard coordinate value and index plane It is corresponding: if it does correspond, then illustrating test sample zero defect;If do not corresponded to, illustrate that test sample is defective.
Specifically the step of are as follows:
When sample to be tested centre coordinate is overlapped with standard coordinate value, but when itself run-off the straight, then the sample interior Existing defects;Defect is typically in the side of run-off the straight;
When the plane of symmetry across centre coordinate of sample to be tested is overlapped with index plane, but centre coordinate deviates When, then illustrate the sample exterior existing defects;Defect is typically in the side of translation direction;
When the centre coordinate of sample to be tested is identical as standard coordinate value x, y, i.e., on the axis in two magnet, and The plane of symmetry across centre coordinate is parallel with index plane coincidence, and when not being overlapped, then illustrates that the sample interior has symmetrical lack It falls into.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is that lens specimen detects the imperfect defect schematic diagram of appearance, and wherein defective locations are A.Outside lens It sees imperfect defect and shows as two magnetic blow out centre lines of lens centre deviation in a device, offset direction is that defect generates direction, Deviation distance size depends on defect size.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is that lens specimen detects internal flaw schematic diagram, and wherein defective locations are B.The internal flaw of lens is drawn It is uneven to play lens interior Density Distribution, shows as lens and deflects in a device, upward deflecting direction is defect generation side To deflection angle size depends on defect size.
The foregoing is merely an application example of the invention, the not restrictions to sample range is applicable in.It can apply The part that the present invention measures, there is no need and unable to exhaustive one by one, it is all within spirit of that invention and principle, done any repair Change, equivalent replacement, improve etc., it should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测方法,其特征在于,实现所述检测方法的检测装置包括:1. A detection method based on magnetic levitation parts defect, is characterized in that, the detection device that realizes described detection method comprises: 竖直方向同轴设置的两个磁铁,两个磁铁同极相对设置,且在该磁极表面上的磁感应强度相同;Two magnets arranged coaxially in the vertical direction, the two magnets are arranged opposite to each other with the same pole, and the magnetic induction intensity on the surface of the magnetic pole is the same; 设置在两个磁铁之间且带有放样口的检测容器,该检测容器内盛放有顺磁性介质溶液;A detection container arranged between two magnets and having a sampling port, the detection container is filled with a paramagnetic medium solution; 所述检测装置用于横截面为中心对称结构的样品,样品高度不大于截面最大尺寸的3/4,且样品的磁化率小于1×10-5The detection device is used for samples with a centrosymmetric cross-section, the height of the sample is not greater than 3/4 of the maximum dimension of the cross-section, and the magnetic susceptibility of the sample is less than 1×10 -5 ; 所述磁极表面的磁感应强度为0.3T~0.6T;The magnetic induction intensity on the surface of the magnetic pole is 0.3T~0.6T; 两个磁铁同极之间的垂直距离为40~45mm;The vertical distance between two magnets with the same pole is 40-45mm; 所述检测方法的具体步骤如下:The concrete steps of described detection method are as follows: (1)根据待检测样品材质不同,配置合适的介质溶液,保证待测样品置于介质溶液中时,能够漂浮在介质溶液中,然后将介质溶液置入检测容器;(1) According to the different materials of the samples to be tested, configure a suitable medium solution to ensure that when the sample to be tested is placed in the medium solution, it can float in the medium solution, and then put the medium solution into the detection container; (2)将待测样品置于检测容器的介质溶液中;(2) placing the sample to be tested in the medium solution of the detection container; (3)将带有待检测样品的检测容器置于所述两个磁铁之间;(3) placing the detection container with the sample to be detected between the two magnets; (4)在待检测样品稳定后,观察待检测样品在溶液中的姿态,确定样品中缺陷类型和缺陷位置;(4) After the sample to be tested is stable, observe the attitude of the sample to be tested in the solution to determine the type and location of the defect in the sample; 在待检测样品检测前,构建任一坐标系,该坐标系Z轴方向与两磁铁轴心方向平行或重合,X轴和Y轴处于水平面上,按照步骤(2)~(4)对标准样品进行检测,确定标准样品中心的坐标值,得到标准样品的标准坐标值,以及标准坐标值所在的水平面,该水平面为标准面;Before testing the sample to be tested, construct any coordinate system, the Z-axis direction of the coordinate system is parallel to or coincident with the axes of the two magnets, and the X-axis and Y-axis are on the horizontal plane. Perform detection, determine the coordinate value of the center of the standard sample, obtain the standard coordinate value of the standard sample, and the horizontal plane where the standard coordinate value is located, and the horizontal plane is the standard plane; 步骤(4)中观察待检测样品在溶液中的姿态,确定样品中缺陷类型和缺陷位置,具体为:当待检测样品中心坐标与标准坐标值重合,但是自身发生倾斜时,则该样品内部存在缺陷;缺陷处于发生倾斜的一侧;In step (4), observe the posture of the sample to be tested in the solution, and determine the type and location of the defect in the sample, specifically: when the center coordinates of the sample to be tested coincide with the standard coordinates, but tilt itself, then there is a defect in the sample. Defect; Defect is on the side where the inclination occurs; 当待检测样品的穿过中心坐标的对称面与标准面重合,但是中心坐标发生偏离时,则说明该样品外部存在缺陷;缺陷处于平移方向的一侧;When the symmetrical plane passing through the central coordinate of the sample to be tested coincides with the standard plane, but the central coordinate deviates, it means that there is a defect outside the sample; the defect is on one side of the translation direction; 当将待检测样品的中心坐标与标准坐标值x、y相同,即处于两个磁铁的轴线上,而穿过中心坐标的对称面与标准面重合平行,且不重合时,则说明该样品内部存在对称的缺陷。When the central coordinates of the sample to be tested are the same as the standard coordinates x, y, that is, they are on the axes of the two magnets, and the symmetrical plane passing through the central coordinates is coincident and parallel to the standard plane and does not coincide, it means that the inside of the sample Symmetry flaws exist. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测方法,其特征在于,所述介质溶液为氯化铁水溶液、氯化锰水溶液或者氯化钆水溶液。2 . The detection method for component defects based on magnetic levitation according to claim 1 , wherein the medium solution is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride, aqueous manganese chloride or aqueous solution of gadolinium chloride. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测方法,其特征在于,所述介质溶液为氯化锰水溶液,氯化锰水溶液的摩尔浓度为1~5mol/L。3 . The detection method for parts defects based on magnetic levitation according to claim 1 , wherein the medium solution is a manganese chloride aqueous solution, and the molar concentration of the manganese chloride aqueous solution is 1˜5 mol/L. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测方法,其特征在于,样品为横截面为圆形的高分子材料。4. The detection method of parts defects based on magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that the sample is a polymer material with a circular cross section. 5.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁悬浮的零件缺陷的检测方法,其特征在于,所述检测容器为透明容器。5 . The detection method for component defects based on magnetic levitation according to claim 1 , wherein the detection container is a transparent container. 5 .
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