CN105539182B - A kind of mesh font electric automobile AC-battery power source control method - Google Patents
A kind of mesh font electric automobile AC-battery power source control method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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Abstract
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于能源动力技术领域，涉及一种目字型电动汽车混合电源控制方法，通过对动力需求的重新分配，优化配置不同储能装置的工作状态，使得每一种储能装置都可以尽可能工作在自己最为适合的工况，实现能量转换或能量输出的效率、寿命、成本、可靠性等性能的优化。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and power, and relates to a method for controlling a hybrid power supply of a grid-shaped electric vehicle. By redistributing the power demand, the working states of different energy storage devices are optimally configured, so that each energy storage device can be used as much as possible. Work in the most suitable working conditions to realize the optimization of energy conversion or energy output efficiency, life, cost, reliability and other performance.
背景技术：Background technique:
目前，电动汽车的电池系统主要采用锂电池，虽然锂电池在适应车辆行驶的动态动力需求的能力上，明显优于发动机，但是目前常用的整体电池组结构还是存在不足，主要体现在电池组设计的成本，寿命、容量等参数的相互矛盾上，不管是混合动力汽车，还是纯电动汽车，电池组需要承担车辆动力需求的动态部分，为驱动电机直接提供能量的电池组经常工作在大幅度的动态变换工况，现有的单一整体电池组设计结构中电池必须满足这种动态动力需求，对于锂电池同样存在一个最优工况的问题。如果将电动汽车的锂电池组也采用混合结构，理论上可以在满足动力需求、续驶里程的条件下，大幅度降低电池组成本，有效延长电池组寿命，但是实际统计数据表明，整体电池组的装车实际使用寿命均明显低于电芯的台架试验寿命，其中的可能主要原因是电池组在装车环境下，其工作状态的匹配不合理。混合储能的结构前人已做过多种结构方案，包括锂电池+超级电容、铅酸电池+超级电容、锂电池+铅酸电池，但基本是两种储能装置直接并联的方式，很难达到理想的效果，这是由于直接并联由于两者的电压平台始终保持一致，无法根本上实现两者的工作状态解耦，也就不能完全实现两者工况的同时最优。At present, the battery system of electric vehicles mainly uses lithium batteries. Although the ability of lithium batteries to adapt to the dynamic power requirements of vehicles is obviously better than that of engines, there are still deficiencies in the current commonly used overall battery pack structure, which is mainly reflected in the design of the battery pack. In terms of cost, life, capacity and other parameters, whether it is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, the battery pack needs to bear the dynamic part of the vehicle power demand, and the battery pack that directly provides energy for the drive motor often works at a large Dynamically changing working conditions, the battery in the existing single overall battery pack design structure must meet this dynamic power demand, and there is also a problem of optimal working conditions for lithium batteries. If the lithium battery pack of an electric vehicle is also of a hybrid structure, in theory, the cost of the battery pack can be greatly reduced and the life of the battery pack can be effectively extended under the conditions of meeting the power demand and driving range. However, actual statistics show that the overall battery pack The actual service life of the loaded vehicle is significantly lower than the bench test life of the battery cell. The possible main reason is that the matching of the working state of the battery pack is unreasonable in the loading environment. The structure of hybrid energy storage has been done in a variety of structural schemes, including lithium battery + super capacitor, lead-acid battery + super capacitor, lithium battery + lead-acid battery, but basically the two energy storage devices are directly connected in parallel. It is difficult to achieve the desired effect. This is because the direct parallel connection cannot fundamentally realize the decoupling of the working states of the two because the voltage platforms of the two are always consistent, and it is impossible to fully realize the simultaneous optimization of the two working conditions.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计提供一种目字型电动汽车混合电源控制方法，通过两组储能装置的合理切换实现储能装置电能输出不中断条件下的过充、过放和温度保护等功能，通过对两组储能装置进行隔离切换控制，能有效提高系统状态参数的估算精度，并有效回收再利用再生制动能量。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, seek to design and provide a hybrid power supply control method for an electric vehicle with a mesh shape, and realize overcharging under the condition that the power output of the energy storage device is not interrupted through the reasonable switching of two sets of energy storage devices , over-discharge and temperature protection functions, through the isolation and switching control of two sets of energy storage devices, it can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of system state parameters, and effectively recover and reuse regenerative braking energy.
为了实现上述目的，本发明在目字型电动汽车混合电源装置中实现，电子控制单元通过通讯总线实时读取第一储能装置和第二储能装置的荷电状态，根据两者的荷电状态控制第一开关和第二开关的导通与关断以及发电装置的开启与关闭，具体步骤为：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented in a grid-shaped electric vehicle hybrid power supply device. The electronic control unit reads the state of charge of the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device in real time through the communication bus, and according to the charge state of the two The state controls the turn-on and turn-off of the first switch and the second switch and the turn-on and turn-off of the power generation device. The specific steps are:
(1)、电子控制单元通过直流充放电接口判断整个装置是否处于充电状态，如果是充电状态，进入充电循环(2)，如果不是充电状态，进入放电循环(3)；(1), the electronic control unit judges whether the whole device is in the charging state through the DC charging and discharging interface, if it is in the charging state, enters the charging cycle (2), if it is not in the charging state, enters the discharging cycle (3);
(2)充电循环：(2) Charging cycle:
第一步，关闭发电装置；The first step is to shut down the generator;
第二步，判断SOC32是否大于SOC32max，如果SOC32>SOC32max，电子控制单元输出第一开关、第二开关、第三开关的PWM控制信号，使得第二储能装置的电能转移到第一储能装置；The second step is to judge whether SOC32 is greater than SOC32max, if SOC32>SOC32max, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch, so that the electric energy of the second energy storage device is transferred to the first energy storage device ;
第三步，判断SOC31是否大于SOC31max，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元输出控制信号，全部关断第一开关、第二开关和第三开关，充电结束；如果SOC31<SOC31max，返回第二步，依次循环；The third step is to judge whether SOC31 is greater than SOC31max, if SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit outputs a control signal, all turn off the first switch, the second switch and the third switch, and the charging is completed; if SOC31<SOC31max, return to the second step, Cycle in turn;
(3)放电循环，(3) discharge cycle,
第一步，判断第二储能装置的荷电状态，如果SOC32>SOC32max，关闭发电装置；如果SOC32<SOC32min,开启发电装置，电子控制单元输出第一开关、第二开关和第三开关的PWM控制信号，使得发电装置的电能分别转移到第一储能装置和第二储能装置；如果SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min，保持发电装置状态不变；发电装置开启时分别对第一储能装置和第二储能装置充电，并且发电装置的输出电流大于等于电机控制器的平均输出电流；The first step is to judge the state of charge of the second energy storage device. If SOC32>SOC32max, turn off the power generation device; if SOC32<SOC32min, turn on the power generation device, and the electronic control unit outputs the PWM of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch. Control signal, so that the electric energy of the power generation device is transferred to the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device respectively; if SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min, keep the state of the power generation device unchanged; when the power generation device is turned on, the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device 2. The energy storage device is charged, and the output current of the power generation device is greater than or equal to the average output current of the motor controller;
第二步，判断第一储能装置的荷电状态，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元输出第一开关、第二开关和第三开关53的PWM控制信号，使第一储能装置的电能转移到第二储能装置；如果SOC31<SOC31min，电子控制单元输出第一开关、第二开关和第三开关的PWM控制信号，使第二储能装置的电能转移到第一储能装置，并且转移电流大于等于电机控制器的平均输出电流；如果SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min，则关闭第一开关、第二开关和第三开关；其中SOC31为第一储能装置的SOC，SOC31min为第一储能装置的最小SOC，SOC31max为第一储能装置的最大SOC，SOC32为第二储能装置的SOC，SOC32min为第二储能装置的最小SOC，SOC32max为第二储能装置的最大SOC上限。The second step is to judge the state of charge of the first energy storage device. If SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch 53 to transfer the electric energy of the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device; if SOC31<SOC31min, the electronic control unit outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch, so that the electric energy of the second energy storage device is transferred to the first energy storage device, and transferred The current is greater than or equal to the average output current of the motor controller; if SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min, then turn off the first switch, the second switch and the third switch; where SOC31 is the SOC of the first energy storage device, and SOC31min is the first energy storage device SOC31max is the maximum SOC of the first energy storage device, SOC32 is the SOC of the second energy storage device, SOC32min is the minimum SOC of the second energy storage device, and SOC32max is the maximum SOC upper limit of the second energy storage device.
本发明所述目字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构包括驱动电机、电机控制器、第一储能装置、第二储能装置、第一电感、第二电感、第一开关、第二开关、第三开关、发电装置、电子控制单元、直流充放电接口、第一连接点、第二连接点、第三连接点、第四连接点、通讯总线和控制线；第一开关、第二开关和第三开关依次串联连接，第一开关和第二开关之间设有第一连接点，第二开关和第三开关之间设有第二连接点，第一开关与发电装置的正极连接，第三开关与第二储能装置的负极连接；第一储能装置、第二储能装置和发电装置依次串联连接，第一储能装置的负极与第二储能装置的正极电连接，第一储能装置的正极与发电装置的负极电连接，第一储能装置和第二储能装置之间设有第三连接点，第一储能装置和发电装置之间设有第四连接点；第一电感的两端分别与第一连接点和第四连接点连接；第二电感的两端分别与第二连接点和第三连接点连接；第一储能装置的正极与电机控制器的直流输入正极电连接，负极与电机控制器的直流输入负极电连接；电机控制器的输出端与驱动电机电连接；直流充放电接口的正极端子和负极端子分别连接第二储能装置的正极和负极；电子控制单元通过通讯总线分别与第一储能装置、第二储能装置、发电装置和直流充放电接口连接进行状态数据交换，并控制发电装置输出电流；电子控制单元通过控制线分别与第一开关、第二开关和第三开关连接，控制第一开关、第二开关、第三开关的导通与关断。The main structure of the grid-shaped electric vehicle hybrid power supply device of the present invention includes a drive motor, a motor controller, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, a first inductor, a second inductor, a first switch, and a second switch , the third switch, the power generation device, the electronic control unit, the DC charging and discharging interface, the first connection point, the second connection point, the third connection point, the fourth connection point, the communication bus and the control line; the first switch, the second switch and the third switch are sequentially connected in series, a first connection point is provided between the first switch and the second switch, a second connection point is provided between the second switch and the third switch, the first switch is connected to the positive pole of the power generating device, The third switch is connected to the negative pole of the second energy storage device; the first energy storage device, the second energy storage device and the power generation device are sequentially connected in series, the negative pole of the first energy storage device is electrically connected to the positive pole of the second energy storage device, and the second energy storage device is electrically connected to the positive pole of the second energy storage device. The positive pole of an energy storage device is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power generation device, a third connection point is provided between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device, and a fourth connection point is provided between the first energy storage device and the power generation device ; The two ends of the first inductance are respectively connected to the first connection point and the fourth connection point; the two ends of the second inductance are respectively connected to the second connection point and the third connection point; the positive pole of the first energy storage device is connected to the motor controller The positive pole of the DC input is electrically connected, and the negative pole is electrically connected to the negative pole of the DC input of the motor controller; the output terminal of the motor controller is electrically connected to the driving motor; the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the DC charging and discharging interface are respectively connected to the positive pole of the second energy storage device and the negative pole; the electronic control unit is respectively connected with the first energy storage device, the second energy storage device, the power generation device and the DC charging and discharging interface through the communication bus for state data exchange, and controls the output current of the power generation device; the electronic control unit is respectively connected through the control line It is connected with the first switch, the second switch and the third switch, and controls the on and off of the first switch, the second switch and the third switch.
本发明所述第一开关、第二开关和第三开关均为场效应管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或其他类型固态开关器件；第一储能装置为直流功率型储能装置，包括动力锂电池组或超级电容等，第二储能装置为直流储能型电池组，包括储能锂电池组或铅酸电池等储能型电池，发电装置为直流输出的电能输出装置，包括内燃发电机组或燃料电池。The first switch, the second switch and the third switch in the present invention are all field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or other types of solid-state switching devices; the first energy storage device is a DC power type energy storage device, Including power lithium battery packs or super capacitors, etc., the second energy storage device is a DC energy storage battery pack, including energy storage lithium battery packs or lead-acid batteries and other energy storage batteries, and the power generation device is a DC output power output device, including Internal combustion generator set or fuel cell.
本发明所述电子控制单元控制第一开关、第二开关和第三开关工作在不同的导通与关断状态，实现第一储能装置、第二储能装置和发电装置相互之间的电能转移。The electronic control unit of the present invention controls the first switch, the second switch and the third switch to work in different on and off states, so as to realize the electric energy between the first energy storage device, the second energy storage device and the power generation device. transfer.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：一是电动汽车混合电源装置通过两组储能装置的合理切换，实现储能装置中电池组电能输出不中断条件下的过充保护、过放保护和温度保护等功能，有效解决了单一储能装置由于过充、过放、温度等保护功能而必须切断电能输出，严重影响行车安全的问题；二是该装置由动力输出模块匹配适应负载动力需求，并有效回收再生制动能量，可大幅度减小匹配的储能装置的容量需求；三是其储能装置可以实现浅充浅放，大幅度提高电池寿命；四是两组储能装置在不影响动力输出的条件下，可以通过单独或同时隔离电能的输入、输出，减少或消除外部因素对电池的影响，提高相关变量的测量精度，从而明显提高储能装置状态参数的估算精度，使得储能装置系统的管理和控制过程更为合理、高效；其工艺简单，原理可靠，操作方便，使用寿命长，电源控制合理高效，能耗少，环境友好。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: First, the electric vehicle hybrid power supply device realizes overcharge protection and overdischarge under the condition that the electric energy output of the battery pack in the energy storage device is not interrupted through the reasonable switching of two sets of energy storage devices Protection and temperature protection and other functions effectively solve the problem that a single energy storage device must cut off the power output due to overcharge, overdischarge, temperature and other protection functions, which seriously affects driving safety; the second is that the device is matched by the power output module to adapt to the load power demand, and effectively recover regenerative braking energy, which can greatly reduce the capacity demand of the matching energy storage device; third, its energy storage device can realize shallow charging and shallow discharge, greatly improving battery life; fourth, two sets of energy storage devices Under the condition of not affecting the power output, the influence of external factors on the battery can be reduced or eliminated by isolating the input and output of electric energy separately or simultaneously, and the measurement accuracy of related variables can be improved, thereby significantly improving the estimation accuracy of the state parameters of the energy storage device. The management and control process of the energy storage device system is more reasonable and efficient; the process is simple, the principle is reliable, the operation is convenient, the service life is long, the power control is reasonable and efficient, the energy consumption is less, and the environment is friendly.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明所述目字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构电路原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure and circuit principle of the grid-shaped electric vehicle hybrid power supply device according to the present invention.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例：Example:
本实施例所述目字型电动汽车混合电源装置的主体结构如图1所示，包括驱动电机1、电机控制器2、第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32、第一电感3、第二电感4、第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53、发电装置6、电子控制单元7、直流充放电接口8、第一连接点91、第二连接点92、第三连接点93、第四连接点94、通讯总线10和控制线11；第一开关51、第二开关52和第三开关53依次串联连接，第一开关51和第二开关52之间设有第一连接点91，第二开关52和第三开关53之间设有第二连接点92，第一开关51与发电装置6的正极连接，第三开关53与第二储能装置32的负极连接；第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32和发电装置6依次串联连接，第一储能装置31的负极与第二储能装置32的正极电连接，第一储能装置31的正极与发电装置6的负极电连接，第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32之间设有第三连接点93，同时连接电感4的另一端，第一储能装置31和发电装置6之间设有第四连接点94；第一电感3的两端分别与第一连接点91和第四连接点94连接；第二电感的两端分别与第二连接点92和第三连接点93连接；第一储能装置31的正极与电机控制器2的直流输入正极电连接，负极与电机控制器2的直流输入负极电连接；电机控制器2的输出端与驱动电机1电连接；直流充放电接口8的正极端子和负极端子分别连接第二储能装置32的正极和负极；电子控制单元7通过通讯总线10分别与第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32、发电装置6和直流充放电接口8连接进行状态数据交换，并控制发电装置6输出电流；电子控制单元7通过控制线11分别与第一开关51、第二开关52和第三开关53连接，控制第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53的导通与关断。The main structure of the grid-shaped electric vehicle hybrid power supply device described in this embodiment is shown in Figure 1, including a drive motor 1, a motor controller 2, a first energy storage device 31, a second energy storage device 32, and a first inductor 3 , second inductance 4, first switch 51, second switch 52, third switch 53, power generation device 6, electronic control unit 7, DC charging and discharging interface 8, first connection point 91, second connection point 92, third The connection point 93, the fourth connection point 94, the communication bus 10 and the control line 11; the first switch 51, the second switch 52 and the third switch 53 are sequentially connected in series, and the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 are provided with a second A connection point 91, a second connection point 92 is provided between the second switch 52 and the third switch 53, the first switch 51 is connected to the positive pole of the power generating device 6, and the third switch 53 is connected to the negative pole of the second energy storage device 32 The first energy storage device 31, the second energy storage device 32 and the power generation device 6 are connected in series successively, the negative pole of the first energy storage device 31 is electrically connected with the positive pole of the second energy storage device 32, and the positive pole of the first energy storage device 31 It is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power generating device 6, a third connection point 93 is provided between the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32, and the other end of the inductor 4 is connected simultaneously, the first energy storage device 31 and the power generating device 6 A fourth connection point 94 is arranged between them; the two ends of the first inductance 3 are respectively connected with the first connection point 91 and the fourth connection point 94; the two ends of the second inductance are respectively connected with the second connection point 92 and the third connection point 93 connection; the positive pole of the first energy storage device 31 is electrically connected to the DC input positive pole of the motor controller 2, and the negative pole is electrically connected to the DC input negative pole of the motor controller 2; the output terminal of the motor controller 2 is electrically connected to the drive motor 1; The positive terminal and the negative terminal of the DC charging and discharging interface 8 are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the second energy storage device 32; 6 is connected to the DC charging and discharging interface 8 for state data exchange, and controls the output current of the power generating device 6; On and off of the switch 51 , the second switch 52 and the third switch 53 .
本实施例所述第一开关51、第二开关52和第三开关53均为场效应管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)或其他类型固态开关器件；第一储能装置31为直流功率型储能装置，包括动力锂电池组或超级电容等，第二储能装置32为直流储能型电池组，包括储能锂电池组或铅酸电池等储能型电池，发电装置6为直流输出的电能输出装置，包括内燃发电机组或燃料电池。The first switch 51, the second switch 52 and the third switch 53 described in this embodiment are all field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or other types of solid-state switching devices; the first energy storage device 31 is a DC power type energy storage devices, including power lithium battery packs or super capacitors, etc., the second energy storage device 32 is a DC energy storage battery pack, including energy storage lithium battery packs or lead-acid batteries and other energy storage batteries, and the power generation device 6 is a DC energy storage battery pack. Output electrical energy output devices, including internal combustion generator sets or fuel cells.
本实施例所述电子控制单元7控制第一开关51、第二开关52和第三开关53工作在不同的导通与关断状态，实现第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32和发电装置6相互之间的电能转移。The electronic control unit 7 in this embodiment controls the first switch 51, the second switch 52 and the third switch 53 to work in different on and off states, so as to realize the first energy storage device 31, the second energy storage device 32 and the Electric energy transfer between the power generating devices 6 .
本实施例对电动汽车混合电源进行控制的工作原理为：电子控制单元7通过通讯总线实时读取第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32的荷电(SOC)状态，根据两者的荷电状态控制第一开关51和第二开关52的导通与关断以及发电装置6的开启与关闭，具体步骤为：In this embodiment, the working principle of controlling the electric vehicle hybrid power supply is: the electronic control unit 7 reads the state of charge (SOC) of the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 in real time through the communication bus, and according to the state of charge of the two The state of charge controls the turn-on and turn-off of the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 and the turn-on and turn-off of the power generation device 6. The specific steps are:
(1)、电子控制单元7通过直流充放电接口8判断整个装置是否处于充电状态，如果是充电状态，进入充电循环，如果不是充电状态，进入放电循环；(1), the electronic control unit 7 judges whether the whole device is in the charging state through the DC charging and discharging interface 8, if it is in the charging state, enters the charging cycle, if not in the charging state, enters the discharging cycle;
(2)充电循环：(2) Charging cycle:
第一步，关闭发电装置6；The first step is to close the power generating device 6;
第二步，判断SOC32是否大于SOC32max，如果SOC32>SOC32max，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53的PWM控制信号，使得第二储能装置32的电能转移到第一储能装置31；The second step is to judge whether SOC32 is greater than SOC32max. If SOC32>SOC32max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51, the second switch 52, and the third switch 53, so that the electric energy of the second energy storage device 32 is transferred to The first energy storage device 31;
第三步，判断SOC31是否大于SOC31max，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元7输出控制信号，全部关断第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53，充电结束；如果SOC31<SOC31max，返回第二步，依次循环；The third step is to judge whether SOC31 is greater than SOC31max, if SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs a control signal, all turn off the first switch 51, the second switch 52, and the third switch 53, and the charging is completed; if SOC31<SOC31max, return The second step is to cycle in turn;
(3)放电循环，(3) discharge cycle,
第一步，判断第二储能装置32的荷电状态，如果SOC32>SOC32max，关闭发电装置6；如果SOC32<SOC32min,开启发电装置6，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53的PWM控制信号，使得发电装置6的电能转移到第一储能装置31、第二储能装置32；如果SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min，保持发电装置6状态不变；发电装置6开启时，以输出电流A6分别对第一储能装置31和第二储能装置32充电，并且输出电流A6大于等于电机控制器2的平均输出电流A2outavg；The first step is to judge the state of charge of the second energy storage device 32. If SOC32>SOC32max, turn off the power generation device 6; if SOC32<SOC32min, turn on the power generation device 6, and the electronic control unit 7 outputs the first switch 51 and the second switch 52 , the PWM control signal of the third switch 53, so that the electric energy of the power generation device 6 is transferred to the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32; if SOC32max>SOC32>SOC32min, keep the state of the power generation device 6 unchanged; the power generation device 6 When turned on, the first energy storage device 31 and the second energy storage device 32 are respectively charged with the output current A6, and the output current A6 is greater than or equal to the average output current A2outavg of the motor controller 2;
第二步，判断第一储能装置31的荷电状态，如果SOC31>SOC31max，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53的PWM控制信号，使得第一储能装置31的电能转移到第二储能装置32；如果SOC31<SOC31min，电子控制单元7输出第一开关51、第二开关52、第三开关53的PWM控制信号，使得第二储能装置32的电能转移到第一储能装置31，并且转移电流A32_31大于等于电机控制器2的平均输出电流A2outavg；如果SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min，则关闭第一开关51、第二开关52和第三开关53；其中SOC31为第一储能装置31的SOC，SOC31min为第一储能装置31的最小SOC，SOC31max为第一储能装置31的最大SOC，SOC32为第二储能装置32的SOC，SOC32min为第二储能装置32的最小SOC，SOC32max为第二储能装置32的最大SOC上限，A6为发电装置6的输出电流，A2outavg为驱动电机1工作在电动机状态，电机控制器2的平均输出电流；A32_31为第二储能装置32的电能转移到第一储能装置31的电流。The second step is to judge the state of charge of the first energy storage device 31. If SOC31>SOC31max, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51, the second switch 52, and the third switch 53, so that the first energy storage device The electric energy of the device 31 is transferred to the second energy storage device 32; if SOC31<SOC31min, the electronic control unit 7 outputs the PWM control signals of the first switch 51, the second switch 52, and the third switch 53, so that the second energy storage device 32 The electric energy is transferred to the first energy storage device 31, and the transfer current A32_31 is greater than or equal to the average output current A2outavg of the motor controller 2; if SOC31max>SOC31>SOC31min, then close the first switch 51, the second switch 52 and the third switch 53; Wherein SOC31 is the SOC of the first energy storage device 31, SOC31min is the minimum SOC of the first energy storage device 31, SOC31max is the maximum SOC of the first energy storage device 31, SOC32 is the SOC of the second energy storage device 32, and SOC32min is the first SOC of the first energy storage device 31. The minimum SOC of the second energy storage device 32, SOC32max is the maximum SOC upper limit of the second energy storage device 32, A6 is the output current of the power generation device 6, A2outavg is the average output current of the motor controller 2 for the drive motor 1 working in the motor state; A32_31 is the current transferred from the electric energy of the second energy storage device 32 to the first energy storage device 31 .
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