CN105532091B - A kind of adjustable ridging scraper plate device for Sowing machine for potatoes - Google Patents
A kind of adjustable ridging scraper plate device for Sowing machine for potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532091B CN105532091B CN201511001026.9A CN201511001026A CN105532091B CN 105532091 B CN105532091 B CN 105532091B CN 201511001026 A CN201511001026 A CN 201511001026A CN 105532091 B CN105532091 B CN 105532091B
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
- A01B39/14—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for working ridges, e.g. for rows of plants and/or furrows
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于马铃薯播种机的可调式起垄刮板器，其包括左侧板、高度调节板、角度调节板、机架、连杆、压缩弹簧、弹簧压板、右侧板、固定螺栓螺母、主刮板。该刮板整形器整过的地垄形状整齐、垄面平整，确保后续覆膜能紧贴垄面，为保护地膜不被风吹破坏以及提高马铃薯秧苗生长率，起到很好的作用，可根据当年气候条件、种薯品种、地块大小、平整度等播种状况，决定垄高、垄宽尺寸，随时调节刮板整形器的高度以及垄宽度，有效地解决了现有播种机存在的垄形不平整和尺寸不可调的缺点。
The invention discloses an adjustable ridge scraper for a potato planter, which comprises a left side plate, a height adjustment plate, an angle adjustment plate, a frame, a connecting rod, a compression spring, a spring pressing plate, a right side plate, Fix bolts and nuts, main scraper. The shape of the ridges cleaned by the scraper shaper is neat and the surface of the ridges is flat, ensuring that the subsequent film covering can be close to the surface of the ridges. It plays a very good role in protecting the film from being damaged by the wind and improving the growth rate of potato seedlings. According to the sowing conditions of the year, seed potato varieties, plot size, flatness, etc., the ridge height and ridge width are determined, and the height and ridge width of the scraper shaper are adjusted at any time, which effectively solves the ridges existing in the existing planter. The shortcomings of uneven shape and non-adjustable size.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种农业机械，特别指播种机用可调式起垄刮板器。The invention relates to an agricultural machine, in particular to an adjustable ridging scraper for a planter.
背景技术Background technique
马铃薯作为一种经济作物，具有丰富的营养价值，其在世界各地的种植面积正在逐渐扩大。目前，我国马铃薯的种植面积约为550万hm2，鲜薯产量约为7500万t，处于世界第一位。到2015年，我国马铃薯种植面积达到800万hm2，总产量达到1.5亿t，发展种植的重点区域为丘陵山区。由于我国马铃薯种植区域分布广、产量高，一年四季都有种植，决定了马铃薯机械化播种必须在特定温度和降水情况下，按照不同地区的农艺要求进行作业，应一次完成开沟、施肥、播种、喷药、起垄和铺膜等多道工序。As an economic crop, potato has rich nutritional value, and its planting area is gradually expanding all over the world. At present, China's potato planting area is about 5.5 million hm 2 , and the fresh potato output is about 75 million tons, ranking first in the world. By 2015, China's potato planting area will reach 8 million hm 2 , and the total output will reach 150 million tons. The key areas for developing and planting are hilly and mountainous areas. Due to the wide distribution and high yield of potato planting areas in my country, and planting all year round, it is determined that potato mechanized sowing must be carried out in accordance with the agronomic requirements of different regions under specific temperature and precipitation conditions. Ditching, fertilization, and sowing should be completed at one time. , spraying, ridging and film laying and other processes.
我国现有的大型马铃薯种植机械，大多适用于大地块种植，且需求的配套动力大，不适合小地块、家庭式的种植需求；而在新疆、宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃、云南、辽宁部分地方的丘陵山区，当地广泛推广的种植模式是垄作双行马铃薯栽培技术，即在一条垄上种植两行马铃薯，这些地区目前采用的都是人工起垄的方式，费时费力，无形中还增加了马铃薯的种植成本。这种新式马铃薯机械化垄作栽培技术是通过马铃薯系列种植机械化施肥、起垄、整形、播种、覆膜、中耕除草到收获的全程机械化。该栽培技术能够使马铃薯和肥料在同一种沟内犁底施肥、半腰点种,完全实现了化肥深施,种肥分层,深翻浅种的农艺要求,起高垄可使马铃薯植株易受光、行距宽、可达到通风透光、抗病的目的,又增强了光合作用,沟内可积蓄大量的雨水,给马铃薯的生长创造了良好的环境，增产效果也相当显著。Most of the existing large-scale potato planting machines in my country are suitable for large-scale planting, and the required supporting power is large, which is not suitable for small plots and family-style planting needs; while in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Yunnan, and Liaoning In the hilly and mountainous areas of the region, the planting mode widely promoted locally is the double-row potato cultivation technique of ridge farming, that is, two rows of potatoes are planted on one ridge. These areas are currently using artificial ridges, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The cost of growing potatoes. This new potato mechanized ridge cultivation technology is the mechanization of the whole process from mechanized fertilization, ridge formation, shaping, sowing, mulching, intertillage and weeding to harvest through potato series planting. This cultivation technique enables potatoes and fertilizers to be fertilized at the bottom of the same furrow and planted halfway up, fully realizing the agronomic requirements of deep application of chemical fertilizers, layering of plant fertilizers, deep plowing and shallow planting, and high ridges can make potato plants easy to grow. Light receiving, wide row spacing, ventilation, light transmission, and disease resistance can be achieved, and photosynthesis can be enhanced. A large amount of rainwater can be accumulated in the ditch, creating a good environment for the growth of potatoes, and the effect of increasing production is also quite significant.
该栽培技术工艺中，对机械起垄和起垄整形要求比较严格，农艺要求整形后的地垄必须垄形平整、尺寸规范、表面无石块，为后续覆膜创造良好条件，使膜能紧贴土垄，避免春季风大吹坏地膜。另外，垄形尺寸要适应各地农艺要求，随时能改变垄形尺寸。然而，现有马铃薯播种机配套的辊式整形器为固定式，不能随意改变尺寸，而且难以保证垄形平整。In this cultivation technique, the requirements for mechanical ridge formation and ridge shaping are relatively strict. Agronomy requires that the ridge shape after shaping must be flat, of standardized size, and free of stones on the surface, creating good conditions for subsequent film mulching, so that the film can be tight. Paste the soil ridges to prevent the mulch from being damaged by the strong spring wind. In addition, the size of the ridge shape should adapt to the agronomic requirements of various places, and the size of the ridge shape can be changed at any time. Yet the supporting roller shaper of existing potato planter is fixed, can't change size arbitrarily, and it is difficult to ensure that the ridge shape is smooth.
为此本发明提出一种用于马铃薯播种机的可调式起垄刮板器，旨在解决现有马铃薯播种机所存在的缺点，为提高马铃薯播种质量提供机具保证。For this reason, the present invention proposes an adjustable ridge scraper for potato planters, which aims to solve the existing shortcomings of potato planters and provide equipment guarantee for improving the quality of potato sowing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种用于马铃薯播种机的可调式起垄刮板器，起垄刮板器安装在马铃薯播种机机架上，位于圆盘起垄器的后面，作用是将前道工序起的土垄进行刮平修整。The invention provides an adjustable ridge scraper for a potato planter. The ridge scraper is installed on the frame of the potato planter, behind the disc ridger, and its function is to start the previous process. The soil ridges are scraped and trimmed.
本发明的技术问题是由如下方案解决的：可调式起垄刮板器包括左侧板、高度调节板、销轴Ⅰ、角度调节板、机架、连杆、定位板、开口销、压缩弹簧、弹簧压板、销轴Ⅱ、右侧板、固定螺栓螺母和主刮板。The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following scheme: the adjustable ridge scraper includes a left side plate, a height adjustment plate, a pin shaft I, an angle adjustment plate, a frame, a connecting rod, a positioning plate, a cotter pin, a compression spring , spring pressure plate, pin shaft II, right side plate, fixing bolts and nuts and main scraper.
所述定位板焊接在机架上，其中间直立穿有连杆，连杆通过上下开口销、弹簧、弹簧压板与定位板连接。The positioning plate is welded on the frame, and a connecting rod is vertically worn in the middle of it, and the connecting rod is connected with the positioning plate by upper and lower cotter pins, springs, and spring pressing plates.
所述连杆下端通过销轴Ⅱ与高度调节板铰接。The lower end of the connecting rod is hinged to the height adjusting plate through the pin shaft II.
所述主刮板焊接在高度调节板内侧，在主刮板中间两侧各加工有两个长孔，所述的左侧板和右侧板分别通过固定螺栓螺母固定在主刮板的两侧。沿长孔向左右伸缩左、右侧板，即可调节起垄刮板的距离。The main scraper is welded on the inside of the height adjustment plate, and two long holes are processed on both sides of the middle of the main scraper, and the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively fixed on both sides of the main scraper by fixing bolts and nuts . The distance between the ridging scraper can be adjusted by stretching the left and right side plates left and right along the long hole.
所述角度调节板焊接在机架的下方，并通过销轴Ⅰ与高度调节板铰接。在角度调节板上水平方向加工3个孔。在高度调节板上沿中心线加工4个孔。The angle adjustment plate is welded on the bottom of the frame, and is hinged with the height adjustment plate through the pin shaft I. Process 3 holes in the horizontal direction on the angle adjustment plate. Process 4 holes along the centerline on the height adjustment plate.
本发明的优点在于：1.该刮板整形器整过的地垄形状整齐、垄面平整，无石块，确保后续覆膜能紧贴垄面，为保护地膜不被风吹破坏以及提高马铃薯秧苗生长率，起到很好的作用；2.其结构简单、调整简便，种植专业户和农场农民播种时，可根据当年气候条件、种薯品种、地块大小、平整度等播种状况，决定垄高、垄宽尺寸，随时调节刮板整形器的角度、高度以及垄宽度，有效地解决了现有播种机存在的垄形不平整和尺寸不可调的缺点。3.结构设计合理，节省拖拉机动力；结构简单，便于中小型农机厂制造。The advantages of the present invention are: 1. The shape of the ridge that the scraper shaper has finished is neat, the ridge surface is flat, and there are no stones, which ensures that the follow-up film can be close to the ridge surface, so as to protect the mulch film from being damaged by the wind and improve the quality of the potatoes. The growth rate of seedlings plays a very good role; 2. Its structure is simple and easy to adjust. When planting professional households and farm farmers, they can determine the ridge size according to the climate conditions, seed potato varieties, plot size, flatness and other sowing conditions of the year. The height and width of the ridge can be adjusted at any time to adjust the angle, height and width of the scraper shaper, effectively solving the shortcomings of the existing seeder such as uneven ridge shape and non-adjustable size. 3. The structure design is reasonable, which saves tractor power; the structure is simple, which is convenient for small and medium-sized agricultural machinery factories to manufacture.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种用于马铃薯播种机的可调式起垄刮板器主视图Fig. 1 is a front view of an adjustable ridge scraper for a potato planter of the present invention
图2是图1的侧视图Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1
图3是图1的俯视图Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1、左侧板 2、高度调节板 3、销轴Ⅰ 4、角度调节板 5、机架 6、连杆 7、定位板 8、开口销 9、压缩弹簧 10、弹簧压板 11、销轴Ⅱ 12、右侧板 13、固定螺栓螺母 14、主刮板；1. Left side plate 2, height adjustment plate 3, pin shaft Ⅰ 4, angle adjustment plate 5, frame 6, connecting rod 7, positioning plate 8, cotter pin 9, compression spring 10, spring pressure plate 11, pin shaft Ⅱ 12 , right side plate 13, fixed bolt nut 14, main scraper;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.
一种用于马铃薯播种机的可调式起垄刮板器包括左侧板1、高度调节板2、销轴Ⅰ3、角度调节板4、机架5、连杆6、定位板7、开口销8、压缩弹簧9、弹簧压板10、销轴Ⅱ11、右侧板12、固定螺栓螺母13和主刮板14。An adjustable ridge scraper for potato planters includes a left side plate 1, a height adjustment plate 2, a pin shaft I3, an angle adjustment plate 4, a frame 5, a connecting rod 6, a positioning plate 7, and a cotter pin 8 , Compression spring 9, spring pressure plate 10, pin shaft II11, right side plate 12, fixing bolt nut 13 and main scraper 14.
如图1、图2所示，所述定位板7焊接在机架5上，其中间直立穿有连杆6，连杆6通过上下开口销8、压缩弹簧9、弹簧压板10与定位板7连接。调节压缩弹簧7上面的螺母可调节刮板整形器对地垄表面的刮土能力。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the positioning plate 7 is welded on the frame 5, and a connecting rod 6 is vertically pierced in the middle, and the connecting rod 6 passes through the upper and lower split pins 8, the compression spring 9, the spring pressing plate 10 and the positioning plate 7 connect. Regulating the nut above the compression spring 7 can adjust the scraping blade shaper to the soil scraping ability of the ridge surface.
所述连杆6下端通过销轴Ⅱ11与高度调节板2铰接。The lower end of the connecting rod 6 is hinged to the height adjusting plate 2 through the pin shaft II11.
所述主刮板14焊接在高度调节板2内侧，在主刮板14中间两侧各加工有两个长孔，所述的左侧板1和右侧板12分别通过固定螺栓螺母13固定在主刮板14的两侧。沿长孔左右伸缩左侧板1和右侧板12，即可调节起垄刮板的宽度。The main scraper 14 is welded on the inner side of the height adjustment plate 2, and two long holes are respectively processed on both sides of the middle of the main scraper 14. The left side plate 1 and the right side plate 12 are respectively fixed on the side by fixing bolts and nuts 13. Both sides of the main scraper 14. The left side plate 1 and the right side plate 12 are telescopically stretched left and right along the long hole to adjust the width of the ridging scraper.
所述角度调节板4焊接在机架5的下方，并通过销轴Ⅰ3与高度调节板2铰接。在角度调节板4上水平方向加工3个孔。在高度调节板2上沿中心线加工4个孔。地垄整形主要有三个参数，即垄高、垄台宽、动力消耗。具体实施如下：The angle adjusting plate 4 is welded under the frame 5 and is hinged to the height adjusting plate 2 through the pin I3. Process 3 holes in the horizontal direction on the angle adjustment plate 4 . Process 4 holes along the centerline on the height adjustment plate 2. There are three main parameters for ridge shaping, namely ridge height, ridge width, and power consumption. The specific implementation is as follows:
当改变高度调节板2在角度调节板4上3个孔的位置，即可调节刮板与地面的刮土角α，刮土角α越小消耗动力越小，反之越大；该发明刮土角α可在45°～65°范围内调节(如图示)；When the position of the three holes on the height adjustment plate 2 on the angle adjustment plate 4 is changed, the soil scraping angle α between the scraper and the ground can be adjusted. The smaller the soil scraping angle α, the smaller the power consumption, and vice versa; the invention scrapes soil The angle α can be adjusted within the range of 45°～65° (as shown in the figure);
当改变高度调节板2上沿中心线的4个孔在角度调节板4上的位置，可上下调节主刮板14的高度，实现整形后的垄高；When changing the position of the 4 holes along the center line on the height adjustment plate 2 on the angle adjustment plate 4, the height of the main scraper 14 can be adjusted up and down to realize the ridge height after shaping;
当沿主刮板14上长孔左右拉动左侧板1和右侧板12，可改变整型后土垄垄台宽度，调节范围为500～900mm(L)；When the left side plate 1 and the right side plate 12 are pulled left and right along the long hole on the main scraper 14, the width of the soil ridge after shaping can be changed, and the adjustment range is 500-900mm (L);
如图3所示，两侧左侧板1和右侧板12与侧板1和右侧板12与机具工作前进方向的夹角分别为36°(图中所示的β)。As shown in FIG. 3 , the included angles between the left side plate 1 and the right side plate 12 on both sides and the side plate 1 , the right side plate 12 and the working forward direction of the implement are 36° (β shown in the figure).
Claims (4)
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| CN108432377B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2023-07-21 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A ditch and ridge integrated device for corn intercropping and peanut |
| CN109315097A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-02-12 | 山东棉花研究中心 | An all-in-one machine for rotary cultivating and ridge-supporting live broadcast |
| CN112042497A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-08 | 内蒙古绿药园中药材有限公司 | Astragalus membranaceus ridge planting mode and ridge transplanter thereof |
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| CN202406462U (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-09-05 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Novel ridge holding device |
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Application publication date: 20160504 Assignee: INNER MONGOLIA DABO JINTIAN MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Yang Bin|Lu Zhanyuan|INNER MONGOLIA ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2025150000002 Denomination of invention: An adjustable ridge scraper for potato seeders Granted publication date: 20171226 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20250124 |
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