CN105531334B - 可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂的薄膜 - Google Patents
可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂的薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105531334B CN105531334B CN201480047375.1A CN201480047375A CN105531334B CN 105531334 B CN105531334 B CN 105531334B CN 201480047375 A CN201480047375 A CN 201480047375A CN 105531334 B CN105531334 B CN 105531334B
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- acrylonitrile
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D155/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C09D123/00 - C09D153/00
- C09D155/02—ABS [Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene] polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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Abstract
本发明涉及涂料,其包含所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种热塑性丙烯腈‑丁二烯‑苯乙烯共聚物、所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种可UV固化的反应性稀释剂、所述涂料固含量的≥0.1至≤10重量份的含量的至少一种光引发剂和至少一种有机溶剂,其中烯类不饱和基团的含量为至少3摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量。由此提供具有可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂表面的用其涂覆的薄膜和模制体。
Description
本发明涉及包含ABS聚合物的涂料和用该涂料涂覆的薄膜。该涂覆的薄膜的表面可金属化,并另外具有特别的抗刮性和耐溶剂性。本发明还涉及包含本发明薄膜的3D塑料部件以及本发明薄膜用于在薄膜嵌入成型(film insert moulding)法中制造塑料部件的用途。
薄膜嵌入成型技术已公认用于在注塑法中制造塑料部件。其设定首先由涂覆的薄膜二维或三维地预制部件的正表面,然后从反面用塑料熔体填充或后注塑。
在此通常希望的是正面受到充分保护以抵御化学和机械作用。这在现有技术中通常通过该表面上适当的涂层或漆层来实现。为避免成品三维部件的湿式涂覆,有利的是,应该将这样的漆层或涂层施涂到薄膜上,其然后与该薄膜一起经受所有进一步的成型步骤和此后例如通过UV曝光最终固化。
由此对于适合这种技术的涂覆的薄膜形成非常特定的性质状况。在现有技术中,术语“可成型硬涂层”已公认用于这种产品类别,即首先足够防粘连(blockfest)、但随后可以与基底一起任意热成型并最终通过UV固化获得保护层性质的薄膜涂层。
难以与大的潜在UV交联潜力一起实现初级涂层的防粘连性(Blockfestigkeit)和热塑性特征方面的这种性质组合。
现有技术中对这一目标的大多数解决方案包括使用主要通过双固化法制备的大分子单体,尤其如Beck, Erich (BASF), Scratch resistant UV coatings forautomotive applications, Pitture e Vernici, European Coatings (2006), 82(9),10-19;Beck, Erich, Into the third dimension: three ways to apply UV coatingtechnology to 3D-automotive objects, European Coatings Journal (2006), (4),32, 34, 36, 38-39;Petzoldt, Joachim;Coloma, Fermín (BMS), New three-dimensionally formable hardcoat films, JOT, Journal fuer Oberflaechentechnik(2010), 50(9), 40-42;EP 2113527 A1, Petzoldt等人,Development of newgeneration hardcoated films for complex 3D-shaped FIM applications, RadTechAsia 2011, Conference Proceedings中所述。
这些薄膜产品用例如聚碳酸酯熔体后注塑(薄膜嵌入成型)之后,产生所需塑料部件。
此外,主要由于设计原因,非常需要能够为广泛用于汽车、每种其它交通工具、电气和电子设备、家用电器、卫生用品、家具工业和珠宝工业中的塑料部件配备金属层,特别例如铬层。以此方式,该塑料的优点例如自由成型和低重量与金属表面的优质外观相结合。部分金属化的部件也是令人感兴趣的,其中留下部分区域未金属化以用于徽标、刻度盘或观察窗。这些区域必须符合对涂覆的塑料部件所提出的例如针对护肤霜、驾驶舱保养剂、溶剂的耐介质性和一定的抗刮性的高要求。未涂覆的热塑性塑料,例如非常适用于所需电镀的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)在耐溶剂性和抗刮性方面不足,这例如通过对汽车内室或更优质的电气和电子设备的常规要求所衡量。
在文献中,例如在B. D. Rathmann,Chemie in unserer Zeit 15 (6) 1981, 第201页及其后各页和D. Bernd,Kunststoffgalvanisierung in der Praxis,Kunststoffinstitut Lüdenscheid 2012速成班, 会议册中详细描述了塑料电镀法。现有技术中已知的是,最适用于此类电镀的塑料包括ABS共聚物。例如在WO 2012/120007 A1中描述的聚碳酸酯/ABS共挤薄膜在两方面需要改进:由于共挤法所致,此类ABS层不能比15-20微米更薄。在20微米以上的厚度下,这些层不像某些应用中所需的那样透明。此外,此类ABS层不满足所述对耐溶剂性的要求,因此不能像对构成该薄膜或模制件的表面的层实际预期的那样被视为用于塑料部件的保护层。
由于这些原因,在工业上非常需要这样的涂覆的薄膜,其涂层一方面在施涂和第一干燥之后对于进一步加工而言足够防粘连且另一方面在通过例如UV光固化之后具有一定的抗刮性和耐溶剂性并另外还可电镀。满足具有所提到的性能组合的此类要求状况构成对本领域技术人员的一个特别挑战。
已经令人惊讶地发现,当用包含所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种热塑性丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种可UV固化的反应性稀释剂、所述涂料固含量的≥ 0.1至≤ 10重量份的含量的至少一种光引发剂和至少一种有机溶剂且烯类不饱和基团的含量为至少3摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量的涂料来涂覆可热成型的薄膜时,可以获得具有涂覆的表面的这种性能组合的可热成型的薄膜。
本发明因此提供如下:涂料,其包含
(a) 所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种热塑性丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物;
(b) 所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种可UV固化的反应性稀释剂;
(c) 所述涂料固含量的≥ 0.1至≤ 10重量份的含量的至少一种光引发剂;和
(d) 至少一种有机溶剂,
其中烯类不饱和基团的含量为至少3摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量。
本发明的涂料可以简单和有效地获得。此外,可以按需要将可由此在许多表面,特别例如可考虑用于薄膜嵌入成型法的薄膜的表面上获得的涂层电镀或用金属层涂覆。令人惊讶地,用本发明的涂料获得的层另外在干燥之后足够防粘连,随后可以与涂覆的基底一起任意地热成型,并在例如通过UV辐射固化后获得抗刮和耐溶剂的表面。
可以例如借助如可根据ASTM D 3363测得的铅笔硬度测定抗刮性。可以根据ENISO 2812-3:2007评估耐溶剂性。值得注意的是,通过用该涂料按本发明涂覆薄膜并通过UV辐射最终固化而获得的模制体表面甚至对原本对聚碳酸酯表面非常有害的溶剂丙酮也具有良好的耐受性。
如在本发明的涂料中所用的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物是以简称ABS(DIN ENISO 1043-1和DIN ISO 1629)通常已知的热塑性塑料。根据本发明使用的ABS共聚物的维卡软化点(ISO 306 VST/B/50 (50 N))优选为大约100℃,更优选至少95℃。优选的是具有≥19且≤ 35%,更优选≥ 20至≤ 30%,最优选≥ 22至≤ 25%的丙烯腈含量的ABS共聚物。该ABS共聚物中的聚丁二烯含量优选为≥ 10至≤ 16%,更优选与丙烯腈含量的优选范围结合。该ABS共聚物中剩余的各含量包含聚合的苯乙烯衍生物。在此优选的是苯乙烯。
ABS共聚物作为商品大量存在于市场上。可有利地用于本发明范围内的已知产品尤其可以以Novodur(制造商:Styrolution)和Magnum(制造商:Styron)商标名获得。其中特别优选的是Novodur N H604。
该聚合物是本发明的涂料和本发明的涂层的基本部分。所述至少一种ABS共聚物在该涂料固含量中的含量为至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少45重量%。
优选可用作本发明的涂料的组分(b)的反应性稀释剂是双官能、三官能、四官能、五官能或六官能丙烯酸类和/或甲基丙烯酸类单体。优选的是酯官能,尤其是丙烯酸酯官能。合适的多官能丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯衍生自具有至少2,优选至少3,更优选至少4个羟基和优选2至12个碳原子的脂族多羟基化合物。
这样的脂族多羟基化合物的实例是乙二醇、丙二醇、丁-1,4-二醇、己-1,6-二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、四羟甲基乙烷和脱水山梨糖醇。所述多羟基化合物的根据本发明优选适合作为用于反应性稀释剂的双-至六官能丙烯酸类和/或甲基丙烯酸类单体的酯的实例是乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二丙烯酸酯或丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯或二羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯或二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙烯基苯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油三丙烯酸酯或甘油三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯或季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五/六丙烯酸酯(DPHA)、丁-1,2,3,4-四醇四丙烯酸酯或丁-1,2,3,4-四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、四羟甲基乙烷四丙烯酸酯或四羟甲基乙烷四甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2-二羟基丙-1,3-二醇四丙烯酸酯或2,2-二羟基丙-1,3-二醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二氨基甲酸酯二甲基丙烯酸酯(UDMA)、脱水山梨糖醇四-、五-或六丙烯酸酯或相应的甲基丙烯酸酯。也可以一起使用具有2至4或更多个烯类不饱和的可自由基聚合的基团的交联单体的混合物。
另外根据本发明,可以使用烷氧基化二-、三-、四-、五-和六丙烯酸酯或-甲基丙烯酸酯作为本发明涂料的反应性稀释剂或组分b)。烷氧基化二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯的实例是烷氧基化,优选乙氧基化的甲二醇二丙烯酸酯、甲二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油二丙烯酸酯、甘油二甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯。
烷氧基化三丙烯酸酯或三甲基丙烯酸酯的实例是烷氧基化,优选乙氧基化的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油三丙烯酸酯、甘油三甲基丙烯酸酯、丁-1,2,4-三醇三丙烯酸酯、丁-1,2,4-三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯或双三羟甲基丙烷四甲基丙烯酸酯。
烷氧基化四-、五-或六丙烯酸酯的实例是烷氧基化,优选乙氧基化的季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五甲基丙烯酸酯或二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯。
在组分b)的烷氧基化二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯或三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯或四甲基丙烯酸酯、五丙烯酸酯或五甲基丙烯酸酯和/或烷氧基化六丙烯酸酯或六甲基丙烯酸酯中,各单体中的所有丙烯酸酯基团或甲基丙烯酸酯基团或仅一部分丙烯酸酯基团或甲基丙烯酸酯基团可经由环氧烷基团键合到相应的基团上。也可以使用这样的完全或部分烷氧基化的二-、三-、四-、五-或六丙烯酸酯或-甲基丙烯酸酯的任意混合物。在这种情况下,所述一个或多个丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团也可以经由多个相继的环氧烷基团,优选环氧乙烷基团键合到该单体的脂族、环脂族或芳族基团上。该单体中的环氧烷或环氧乙烷基团的平均数目由烷氧基化程度或乙氧基化程度表示。烷氧基化程度或乙氧基化程度可优选为2至25,特别优选为2至15,最优选3至9的烷氧基化程度或乙氧基化程度。
同样根据本发明,本发明涂料的反应性稀释剂或组分b)可以是属于脂族的氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酰基丙烯酸酯(Polyacrylacrylate)种类的低聚物。其作为漆料粘合剂的用途是已知的,并描述在Chemistry & Technology of UV & EBFormulation for Coatings, Inks & Paints, 第2卷, 1991, SITA Technology, London(P.K.T. Oldring (编辑),第73-123页(Urethane Acrylates)和第123-135页(PolyesterAcrylates))中。适用于本发明的市售实例在此例如是脂族的氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯,如Ebecryl® 4858、Ebecryl® 284、Ebecryl® 265、Ebecryl® 264、Ebecryl® 8465、Ebecryl® 8402(制造商分别为Cytec Surface Specialities)、来自Cray Valley的Craynor® 925、来自Vianova Resin的Viaktin® 6160、来自Bayer MaterialScience AG的Desmolux VP LS 2265、来自Cognis的Photomer 6891,或溶解在反应性稀释剂中的脂族的氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯,如来自BASF AG的Laromer® 8987(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中70%)、来自的Bayer MaterialScience AG的Desmolux U 680 H(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中80%)、Craynor® 945B85(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中85%)、Ebecryl® 294/25HD(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中75%)、Ebecryl® 8405(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中80%)、Ebecryl® 4820(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中65%)(制造商分别为Cytec Surface Specialities)和分别来自Cray Valley的Craynor® 963B80(在己二醇二丙烯酸酯中80%),或来自Cytec Surface Specialities的聚酯丙烯酸酯如Ebecryl® 810、830或聚丙烯酰基丙烯酸酯如Ebecryl® 740、745、767或1200。
在另一个优选实施方案中,反应性稀释剂(b)包括烷氧基化二丙烯酸酯和/或二甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三丙烯酸酯和/或三甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化四丙烯酸酯和/或四甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化五丙烯酸酯和/或五甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化六丙烯酸酯和/或六甲基丙烯酸酯、脂族的氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰基丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明涂料的反应性稀释剂(b)包括二季戊四醇五/六丙烯酸酯。
本发明还包括上述交联多官能单体与单官能单体,特别例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物。多官能单体在此类混合物中的含量优选为至少20重量%。
该反应性稀释剂是本发明涂料和本发明涂层的基本部分。所述至少一种反应性稀释剂在涂料固含量中的含量总共为至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少45重量%。
烯类不饱和基团的含量对用辐射固化的涂层的可实现的耐受性性质具有显著影响。因此,本发明的涂料含有至少3.0摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量,优选至少3.5摩尔/千克,更优选至少4.0摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量的烯类不饱和基团含量。这种烯类不饱和基团含量也以术语双键密度为本领域技术人员公知。
本发明涂料的术语至少一种光引发剂包括本领域技术人员已知的常见市售化合物,例如α-羟基酮、二苯甲酮、α,α-二乙氧基苯乙酮、4,4-二乙基氨基二苯甲酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、4-异丙基苯基-2-羟基-2-丙基酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸异戊酯、4-二甲基氨基苯甲酸甲酯、邻苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、苯偶姻、苯偶姻乙醚、苯偶姻异丙醚、苯偶姻异丁醚、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮、2-异丙基噻吨酮、二苯并环庚酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦、双酰基氧化膦等,其中所述光引发剂可以单独或以两种或更多种的组合或与上述聚合引发剂之一组合的形式使用。
所用UV光引发剂可以例如是来自BASF的IRGACURE®类型,例如类型IRGACURE®184、IRGACURE® 500、IRGACURE® 1173、IRGACURE®2959、IRGACURE® 745、IRGACURE®651、IRGACURE® 369、IRGACURE® 907、IRGACURE® 1000、IRGACURE® 1300、IRGACURE®819、IRGACURE® 819DW、IRGACURE® 2022、IRGACURE® 2100、IRGACURE® 784、IRGACURE® 250;此外,可使用来自BASF的DAROCUR®类型,例如类型DAROCUR® MBF、DAROCUR®1173、DAROCUR® TPO、DAROCUR® 4265。可用于本发明涂料的UV光引发剂的另一个实例可以以Esacure One商品名购自制造商Lamberti。
光引发剂以该涂料固含量的≥ 0.1至≤ 10重量份包含于该涂料中。
该涂料除100重量份的组分(a)、(b)和(c)外应该另外含有一种或多种有机溶剂。
在此合适的溶剂特别是不腐蚀聚碳酸酯聚合物的那些。此类溶剂优选是醇。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,溶剂(d)选自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、双丙酮醇、2,2,3,3-四氟丙醇及其混合物。所述至少一种溶剂(d)最优选包含来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和至少50重量%双丙酮醇的混合物。
该漆料组合物因此优选除100重量份的组分(a)至(c)外还含有0至900重量份,更优选100至850重量份,最优选200至800重量份的所述至少一种有机溶剂。
该涂料除100重量份的组分(a)、(b)和(c)外可另外任选含有一种或多种其它的漆料添加剂。这样的漆料添加剂可选自例如稳定剂、流平剂、表面添加剂、颜料、染料、无机纳米颗粒、增粘剂、UV吸收剂、IR吸收剂,优选选自稳定剂、流平剂、表面添加剂和无机纳米颗粒。该涂料除100重量份的组分1)至3)外优选还含有0至40重量份,更优选0至30重量份,最优选0.1至20重量份的至少一种其它的漆料添加剂。优选地,该漆料组合物中包含的所有漆料添加剂的总含量为0至40重量份,更优选0至30重量份,最优选0.1至20重量份。
该漆料组合物可包含无机纳米颗粒以提高机械耐受性,例如抗刮性和/或铅笔硬度。
可考虑的纳米颗粒包括周期表主族II至IV的元素和/或副族I至VIII的元素包括镧系元素的无机氧化物、混合氧化物、氢氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、碳化物、硼化物和氮化物。优选的纳米颗粒是氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铈、氧化锆、氧化铌、氧化锌或氧化钛纳米颗粒,特别优选的是氧化硅纳米颗粒。
所用颗粒优选具有小于200纳米,优选5至100纳米,更优选5至50纳米的平均粒度(借助分散体中的动态光散射测量,作为Z-平均值测定)。优选地,使用的所有纳米颗粒的至少75%,更优选至少90%,再更优选至少95%具有上文定义的粒度。
该涂料可以以简单方式如下制备:首先在室温下或在升高的温度下将该聚合物完全溶解或胶体分散在溶剂中,然后将其它必需的和任选的组分在不存在(一种或多种)溶剂的情况下一起添加到已冷却至室温的溶液中并通过搅拌相互混合,或在存在(一种或多种)溶剂的情况下例如添加到该一种或多种溶剂中并通过搅拌相互混合。优选地,首先将光引发剂溶解在该一种或多种溶剂中,然后加入其它组分。此后任选借助过滤,优选借助精滤进行提纯。
本发明还提供包含基底和可通过用本发明的涂料涂覆基底获得的表面涂层的层压件。在此,根据本发明提供在抗刮性、耐溶剂性和可金属化表面方面具有有利的表面性能的涂覆的基底。
由于在借助薄膜嵌入成型法制造塑料部件的领域中表面的金属化特别重要,并且通过本发明有利地实现改进,根据本发明涂覆的基底优选包括薄膜。
因此,本发明还提供涂覆的薄膜,其包含热塑性聚合物薄膜和可通过用本发明的涂料涂覆获得的涂层。
用于涂覆的薄膜优选是热塑性塑料,如聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯或聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚砜、聚酯、热塑性聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯和它们的共聚物和混合物(共混物)。合适的热塑性塑料是例如聚丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如PMMA;例如来自制造商Röhm的Plexiglas®)、环烯烃共聚物(COC;例如来自制造商Ticona的Topas®;来自制造商NipponZeon的Zenoex®或来自制造商Japan Synthetic Rubber的Apel®)、聚砜(来自制造商BASF的Ultrason@或来自制造商Solvay的Udel®)、聚酯例如PET或PEN、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚碳酸酯/聚酯共混物例如PC/PET、聚碳酸酯/聚环己基甲醇环己烷二甲酸酯(PCCD;来自GE的Xylecs®)、聚碳酸酯/PBT及其混合物。
在本发明的一个特别有利和优选的实施方案中,本发明的层压件的薄膜或根据本发明涂覆的薄膜的热塑性聚合物包括聚碳酸酯或共聚碳酸酯。
适用于制造本发明的聚碳酸酯组合物的聚碳酸酯是所有已知的聚碳酸酯。这些是均聚碳酸酯、共聚碳酸酯和热塑性聚酯碳酸酯。合适的聚碳酸酯优选具有18000至40000,优选26000至36000,尤其是28000至35000的平均分子量 w,其通过光散射校准通过在二氯甲烷或等重量的苯酚/邻二氯苯的混合物中测量相对溶液粘度测得。
该聚碳酸酯优选通过在文献中已多次描述的相界面法或熔融酯交换法来制备。关于相界面法,例如参考H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates,Polymer Reviews, 第9卷, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964, 第33页及其后,参考Polymer Reviews, 第10卷, “Condensation Polymers by Interfacial andSolution Methods”, Paul W. Morgan, Interscience Publishers, New York 1965, 第VIII章, 第325页,参考Drs. U. Grigo, K. Kircher和P. R. Müller "Polycarbonate"in Becker/Braun, Kunststoff-Handbuch, 第3/1卷, Polycarbonate, Polyacetale,Polyester, Celluloseester, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, Wien, 1992, 第118-145页,以及参考EP 0 517 044 A1。熔融酯交换法例如描述在Encyclopedia of PolymerScience, 第10卷(1969), Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, PolymerReviews, H. Schnell, 第9卷, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1964)以及专利文件DE-B10 31 512和US-B 6 228 973中。
可以通过双酚化合物与碳酸化合物尤其是光气,或在熔融酯交换法中与碳酸二苯基酯或碳酸二甲酯的反应来获得所述聚碳酸酯。在此特别优选的是基于双酚A的均聚碳酸酯和基于单体双酚A和1,1-双-(4-羟基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷的共聚碳酸酯。可用于聚碳酸酯合成的其它双酚化合物尤其公开在WO 2008/037364 A1、EP 1 582 549 A1、WO2002/026862 A1和WO 2005/113639 A1中。
该聚碳酸酯可以是直链或支化的。也可以使用支化和非支化聚碳酸酯的混合物。
适用于聚碳酸酯的支化剂是文献中已知的并例如描述在专利文件US 4 185 009B1、DE 25 00 092 A1、DE 42 40 313 A1、DE 19 943 642 A1、US 5 367 044 B1和其中引用的文献中。此外,所用聚碳酸酯也可以是固有支化的,其中在这种情况下在聚碳酸酯制备过程中不添加支化剂。固有分支的一个实例是如EP 1 506 249 A1中对熔融聚碳酸酯公开的所谓Fries结构。
此外,在聚碳酸酯制备中可以使用链终止剂。所用链终止剂优选是酚类,如苯酚、烷基酚如甲酚和4-叔丁基酚、氯酚、溴酚、枯基酚或它们的混合物。
该薄膜或3D模制体的热塑性聚合物的(一种或多种)塑料组合物可另外包含添加剂,例如UV吸收剂、IR吸收剂和其它常规加工助剂,尤其是脱模剂和助流剂,以及常规稳定剂,尤其是热稳定剂,以及抗静电剂、颜料、着色剂和视觉增亮剂。在此,在每一层中可存在不同的添加剂或添加剂浓度。
可通过用本发明的涂料涂覆获得的涂层以及本发明的涂覆的薄膜特别有利地适合于具有金属层的涂层。在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明的涂覆的薄膜因此包含在涂覆的表面上的金属层。该金属层优选包含至少一种选自锡、铅、银、金、钯、铂、钴、锰、铋、铜、镍、铁、铬及其混合物,优选镍、银、金、钯、铂、铜和铬,更优选镍、金、钯、铜和铬的金属。
本发明还提供制造涂覆的薄膜的方法,其包括步骤
(i) 用本发明的涂料涂覆薄膜;
(ii) 干燥所述涂层;
(iii) 将所述薄膜任选按尺寸剪切、分层(dekaschieren)、印刷和/或热或机械成型;和
(iv) 用UV辐射照射所述涂层,在此固化所述涂层。
在此可以通过用液体涂料涂覆薄膜的常见方法,例如通过刮涂、喷射、浇注、流涂、浸涂、喷涂、辊涂或旋涂用该涂料涂覆薄膜。流涂法可以用软管或合适的涂覆头手动进行,或在连续运行中借助流涂机器人和任选的隙缝式喷嘴自动进行。优选通过辊到辊的转移来施涂该涂料。在这种情况中,可以通过清洁或活化来预处理待涂覆薄膜的表面。
在将该涂料施涂到薄膜上之后进行干燥。为此,更特别地用炉中的高温和流动并任选也除湿的空气,例如在对流炉中或借助喷气干燥器以及热辐射如IR和/或NIR进行操作。此外,可以使用微波。可以组合多个这些干燥法并且是有利的。步骤(ii)中的涂层干燥优选包括在室温和/或升高的温度下,例如优选在20-200℃下,更优选在40-120℃下通风。在涂层干燥后,其防粘连,从而可以层压、印刷和/或热成型该涂覆的基底,尤其是涂覆的薄膜。在此特别优选成型,因为在此通过涂覆的薄膜的成型可以预先确定用于制造三维塑料部件的薄膜嵌入成型法的模具。
有利地,选择干燥条件以使升高的温度和/或热辐射不引发丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团的聚合(交联),因为这会损害可成型性。此外,应该将达到的最大温度适当选择为低的,以使该薄膜不会不受控地变形。
在干燥/固化步骤后,该涂覆的薄膜——任选在与该涂层上的保护薄膜层压后——可以卷起。可以进行卷起,而该涂层不会与基底薄膜或层压薄膜的背面粘合。但是,也可以按尺寸剪切该涂覆的薄膜并将剪切片段单独或以堆叠体形式送往进一步加工。在这方面特别优选的是将该涂覆的薄膜热成型成三维模具——如对薄膜嵌入成型法中用热塑性聚合物如聚碳酸酯后注塑所准备那样进行。在一个优选实施方案中,步骤(iii)包括该涂覆的薄膜的剪切和热成型。
用光化辐射固化被理解为是指借助例如由上述光引发剂通过用光化辐射的照射而释放的引发剂自由基进行的烯类不饱和碳-碳双键的自由基聚合。
优选通过高能辐射,即UV辐射或日光,例如波长≥ 200 nm至≤ 750 nm的光的作用,或通过用高能电子(电子束,例如≥ 90 keV至≤ 300 keV)辐照来实现辐射固化。用作光或UV光的辐射源是例如中压或高压汞蒸气灯,其中汞蒸气可以通过用其它元素如镓或铁掺杂来改性。激光器、脉冲灯(以UV闪光辐射器的名称已知)、卤素灯或准分子辐射器同样可用。可以将辐射器安装在固定位置,以借助机械装置将待照射的物体移动经过辐射源,或该辐射器可活动而待照射的物体在固化过程中不改变其位置。在UV固化的情况下通常对交联足够的辐射剂量为≥ 80 mJ/cm2至≤ 5000 mJ/cm2。
在一个优选实施方案中,光化辐射因此是UV光范围内的光。
该辐射可任选在排除氧的情况下进行,例如在惰性气体气氛或氧气减少的气氛下进行。合适的惰性气体优选是氮气、二氧化碳、稀有气体或燃烧气体。此外,可以通过用辐射可透的介质覆盖该涂层来实施辐射。其实例是塑料薄膜、玻璃或液体如水。
根据辐射剂量和固化条件,可以以本领域技术人员已知的方式或通过针对性的预先试验改变或优化任选使用的引发剂的类型和浓度。为了固化成型的薄膜,特别有利的是用几个辐射器进行固化,应该这样选择它们的布置以使涂层上的每个点尽可能获得对固化而言最佳的辐射剂量和辐射强度。特别地,应该避免未照射区域(阴影区)。
此外根据所用薄膜,可以有利地选择辐射条件以使薄膜上的热应力不过大。特别地,由具有低玻璃化转变温度的材料制成的薄膜和膜具有在由于照射而超过特定温度时不受控变形的倾向。在这些情况中,有利地借助合适的过滤器或辐射器的建造方式使尽可能少的红外辐射可作用于基底。此外,相应辐射剂量的降低可抵抗不受控变形。但是在此应该注意,尽可能完全的聚合需要特定的辐射剂量和辐射强度。在这些情况下特别有利的是在惰性或氧气减少的条件下进行固化,因为当涂层上方的气氛中的氧含量降低时,固化所需的剂量降低。
特别优选使用在固定装置中的汞辐射器进行固化。这时,光引发剂以涂层固含量的≥ 0.1重量%至≤ 10重量%,更优选≥ 0.2重量%至≤ 3.0重量%的浓度使用。优选使用≥80 mJ/cm2至≤ 5000 mJ/cm2的剂量以固化这些涂层。
在薄膜涂层的固化和该涂覆的薄膜的任选、通常合意的成型完成后,将该涂覆的薄膜在步骤(v)中用热塑性聚合物如聚碳酸酯任选地后注塑,这通过例如WO 2004/082926A1和WO 02/07947 A1中所述的薄膜嵌入成型法是本领域技术人员公知的。在本发明方法的一个优选实施方案中,借助挤出或注塑,优选用聚碳酸酯熔体进行步骤(v)中的薄膜的背面涂覆。对此的挤出和注塑法是本领域技术人员公知的并例如描述在"Handbuch Spritzgießen", Friedrich Johannnaber/Walter Michaeli, München;Wien: Hanser, 2001, ISBN3-446-15632-1或"Anleitung zum Bau von Spritzgießwerkzeugen", Menges/Michaeli/Mohren, München;Wien: Hanser, 1999, ISBN 3-446-21258-2中。
在通过用UV光照射固化后,由此制成的涂覆的聚碳酸酯薄膜的涂覆的表面此时具有在抗刮性、耐溶剂性和可金属化方面的根据本发明的性能组合。以此方式,通过如薄膜嵌入成型法中常规的那样将涂覆的薄膜用热塑性聚合物根据本发明后注塑,同样可以制造其由本发明薄膜的本发明涂层构成的表面具有所需性能如抗刮性、耐溶剂性和可金属化的模制体。
本发明的涂层可以通过现有技术中已知的塑料电镀方法进行金属化。在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明的方法因此包括用金属涂层涂覆表面的另一步骤(vi)。
在这些方法中,尤其可以首先蚀刻塑料表面以使其粗糙化或化学改变。这可以例如借助无机酸、铬酸、硫酸或酸性或碱性高锰酸盐溶液进行。从现有技术中获知的另外的预处理方法包括等离子体处理或用氧化蚀刻剂处理。
例如,通过蚀刻操作使塑料表面粗糙化或化学改变,以使塑料与金属涂层之间能够粘附。冲洗蚀刻的塑料部件,然后活化。在现有技术中,塑料表面的不同活化方法是已知的。例如,已知方法是用贵金属例如胶体钯、离子钯或银胶体活化塑料表面。此外已知使用形成难溶性硫化物或多硫化物的金属作为用于直接金属化的活化剂。在此,已证实锡、铅、银、铋、钴、锰和铜特别合适。
在该活化后,该表面可以无电金属化以形成导电层,随后进行电解层形成或直接化学金属沉积。在使用钯活化的情况下,通常由酸性铜浴进行该金属沉积,而在使用硫化物或多硫化物活化剂的情况下,由镍浴沉积金属,如例如DE 102004026489 B3中所述。此外,步骤(vi)可以优选包括WO 2012/120007 A1第19页第9行至第20页第4行中所述的那些方法步骤。明确引用WO 2012/120007 A1的该文本并将相应的描述经参考就此并入本文。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的方法包含步骤(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)和(v)。由此,获得3D模制体,其表面抗刮并耐溶剂,并有利地可金属化。因此,在该实施方案的另一个有利的实施方式中,该方法包括另一步骤(vi)。由此,提供具有金属表面的由塑料制成的3D模制体。在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明的方法包括步骤(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)和(vi)。由此,获得配备有金属涂层的成型的聚合物薄膜,优选聚碳酸酯薄膜。
由于本发明的涂覆的薄膜的表面的抗刮性、耐溶剂性和可金属化的有利的性能组合,这些薄膜特别适用于制造3D塑料部件,尤其是通过薄膜嵌入成型法获得的那些。该塑料部件的表面因此具有本发明的薄膜的特别性能。本发明因此还提供包含本发明的涂覆的薄膜,尤其是涂覆的聚碳酸酯薄膜的3D塑料部件,其优选在该涂覆的薄膜上具有金属层。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的3D塑料部件可通过薄膜嵌入成型法获得。此类方法包括用热塑性聚合物,尤其是用聚碳酸酯例如通过注塑将本发明的涂覆的聚碳酸酯薄膜后注塑。
因此,本发明还提供本发明的涂覆的薄膜,尤其是本发明的涂覆的聚碳酸酯薄膜用于在薄膜嵌入成型法中制造塑料部件的用途。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的用途包括在薄膜嵌入成型法中制造用于汽车、运输、电气、电子和建筑工业的塑料部件。
本发明因此还提供包含至少一个本发明的涂覆的薄膜的模制件,尤其是该涂覆的薄膜的涂层在表面上包含至少一个金属层的模制件。
实施例:
评估方法
层厚度
通过在制造商Zeiss的类型Axioplan光学显微镜中观察切边,测量涂层的层厚度。方法 – 反射光(Auflicht),明视野,放大500x。
防粘连性的评估
如例如DIN 53150中描述的传统试验方法不足以模拟卷绕的预干燥的涂覆的薄膜的防粘连性,因此使用下列试验:用商业常见的刮刀将涂覆材料施涂到Makrofol DE 1-1(375微米)上(目标湿层厚度100微米)。在20℃至25℃下10分钟的通气阶段后,该涂覆的薄膜在空气循环炉中在110℃下干燥10分钟。在1分钟的冷却阶段后,用塑料辊在100 mm x100 mm的面积上将商业常见的粘附层压薄膜GH-X173 natur(公司Bischof u. Klein,Lengerich,德国)无皱褶地施涂到干燥的涂覆的薄膜上。随后,整面地(flächig)对该层压的薄膜件施以10千克重量1小时。此后,除去层压薄膜并目视评估涂覆的表面。
铅笔硬度的评估
除非另有说明,类似于ASTM D 3363使用Elcometer 3086 Scratch boy(Elcometer Instruments GmbH, Aalen,德国)在500克负重下测量铅笔硬度。
钢丝绒刮擦的评估
通过将钢丝绒No. 00(Oskar Weil GmbH Rakso, Lahr,德国)粘贴到500克钳工锤(Schloss-Hammer)的平面端上,测定钢丝绒刮擦,其中该锤的面积是2.5 cm × 2.5 cm,即大约6.25平方厘米。将该锤置于受试表面上,不施加额外压力,以达到大约560克的指定负重。然后将该锤以双行程来回移动10次。随后,用软布清洁该受负重的表面以除去织物残留物和漆料颗粒。通过用Micro HAZE plus(20°光泽度和雾度;Byk-Gardner GmbH,Geretsried,德国)相对于刮擦方向横向测得的雾度和光泽度值来表征该刮擦。在刮擦前和后进行测量。负重前和后的光泽度和雾度的差值报道为Δ光泽度和Δ雾度。
耐溶剂性的评估
通常用工业品级的异丙醇、二甲苯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮测试涂层的耐溶剂性。用湿透的棉球将溶剂施涂到涂层上并通过覆盖防止蒸发。除非另有说明,在大约23℃下遵循60分钟的作用时间。在该作用时间结束后,移除棉球并用软布将受试面擦干净。立即目视检查和在用指甲轻刮后检查。
区分下列等级:
• 0 = 不变;没有可见的改变;不会由于刮擦受损;
• 1 = 可见轻微溶胀,但不会由于刮擦受损;
• 2 = 变化清晰可见,几乎不会由于刮擦受损;
• 3 = 明显改变,在指甲用力施压后表面破坏;
• 4 = 剧烈改变,在指甲用力施压后刮穿直至基底;
• 5 = 破坏;在擦除化学品后漆层已破坏;无法除去测试物质(侵蚀)。
在这一评估内,具有0和1的特征值的测试通常为通过。特征值> 1代表“不通过”。
实施例1:涂料的制备
在100℃下在大约3小时内将117克Novodur®N H604(制造商:Styrolution)均匀分布在来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和双丙酮醇的284克混合物(2:3)中。将由此获得的稳定胶体溶液冷却到大约30℃。单独地,在室温下将下列组分溶解在来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和双丙酮醇的166克混合物(2:3)中:117克二季戊四醇五/六丙烯酸酯(DPHA,制造商:Cytec)、4.7克Esacure One(制造商:Lamberti)、2.35克Darocur 4265(制造商:BASF)和0.25克BYK 333(制造商:BYK)。在搅拌下将第二溶液添加到该聚合物溶液中。将所得涂料在室温下和在避免直接光影响下搅拌另外3小时,灌装并使其静置1天。产量为665克,粘度(23℃;DIN ENISO 3219)为1050 mPas,固含量为35重量%且该漆料固含量中计算的双键密度为大约5.1摩尔/千克。
实施例2:各种ABS产品的可溶性的测试
对于该测试,使用各种市售ABS产品。在来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇(MP-ol)和双丙酮醇(DAA)的混合物(2:3)中测试可溶性。对于该测试,目标是该聚合物在溶剂中各20重量%的使用相关的浓度。在搅拌下在120℃下进行该溶解试验4小时。然后记录中间结果。然后将该溶液冷却至室温并记录最终结果。
#通过IR光谱测定;Novodur®是制造商Styrolution的商标名; Magnum®是制造商Styron的商标名。
由此可以表明,具有小于30重量%的丙烯腈含量的基于苯乙烯的ABS共聚物在根据本发明优选的来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和双丙酮醇的溶剂混合物中具有特别好的可溶性。因此,具有≥ 20重量%至≤ 30重量%,尤其是≥ 22重量%至≤ 25重量%的丙烯腈含量(尤其是与≥ 10重量%至≤ 16重量%的聚丁二烯含量结合)的ABS共聚物在本发明中特别优选,尤其是与来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和双丙酮醇的溶剂混合物结合。
实施例3:薄膜的涂覆
借助来自制造商TSE Troller AG的隙缝式浇注器将根据实施例1的涂料施涂到载体薄膜上,例如Makrofol DE 1-1(Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen,德国)上。该载体薄膜的层厚度为250微米。
典型施涂条件在此如下:
• 幅面速度1.3至2.0 m/min
• 湿漆料施加量20-150 µm
• 空气循环干燥器90-110℃,优选在待干燥的聚合物的TG范围内
• 在干燥器中的停留时间3.5-5 min。
辊到辊进行涂覆,这意味着在该涂覆设备中展开该聚碳酸酯薄膜。将该薄膜导过上述施涂装置之一并供给涂料溶液。此后,使带有湿涂层的薄膜经过干燥器。在离开干燥器后,通常为此时干燥的涂层配备层压薄膜,以保护其免受沾污和刮擦。此后再卷起该薄膜。
为了测试该产品的最终性质,将涂覆的薄膜在离开干燥器后首先用UV灯固化,然后配备层压薄膜。
实施例4:防粘连性的测试
将实施例3中产生的未UV固化薄膜的涂覆面用类型GH-X 173 A层压薄膜(Bischof+ Klein, Lengerich,德国)覆盖并在大约23℃下供给尺寸4.5 x 4.5 cm²的铝片和施加2千克重量1小时。此后,移除重量和层压薄膜并目视检查涂层表面的变化。
表1:涂层的防粘连性
涂料 | 在250 µm PC薄膜上的层厚度 | 防粘连性 |
实施例1 | 8 µm | 好 |
实施例1 | 13 µm | 好 |
实施例1 | 18 µm | 好 |
实施例1 | 24 µm | 好 |
实施例5:涂覆的薄膜的成型和涂层的固化
在SAMK 360设备上进行HPF成型试验。将模具电加热到100℃。借助IR辐射器在240、260和280℃下进行薄膜加热。加热时间为16秒。达到大约170℃的薄膜温度。在100巴的成型压力下进行成型。成型模具是加热/通风板(Blende)(HL板)。
将适当的薄膜片位置精确地固定在托盘上。该托盘经过成型站进入加热区并在此停留所设时间(16秒)。在此过程中,加热该薄膜以使该薄膜短暂经受高于软化点的温度;薄膜芯较冷大约10-20℃。因此,该薄膜在进入成型站时相对稳定。
在成型站中,通过模具关闭(Zufahren)将薄膜固定在实际模具上;同时,借助气体压力使该薄膜在模具上成型。7秒的压力保持时间确保将该薄膜准确匹配地依照模具成型。在该保持时间后,再释放气体压力。打开模具并使成型的薄膜离开成型站。
随后从托盘上移除薄膜,此时可以用UV光固化。
借助所用模具,形成低至1毫米的半径。
用类型evo 7 dr汞蒸气高压灯(ssr engineering GmbH, Lippstadt,德国)进行本发明涂层的UV固化。该设备配有二向色性反射器和石英盘并具有160 W/cm的比功率。施加2.0 J/cm²的UV剂量和1.4 W/cm²的强度。表面温度应达到> 60℃。
用Lightbug ILT 490(International Light Technologies Inc., Peabody MA,USA)测定UV剂量数值。用RS牌温度测试条(目录号285-936;RS Components GmbH, BadHersfeld,德国)测定表面温度数值。
使用所述条件交联的涂层的耐受性结果可见于表2。
表2:涂层的耐化学品性和抗刮性
IP/MPA/X/EA/Ac代表异丙醇、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮
RT代表室温,在此为大约23℃。Makrofol DE 1-1, 250 µm是未涂覆的聚碳酸酯薄膜(制造商:Bayer MaterialScience)。
如表2所示,与聚碳酸酯的已知性能相比,本发明的涂层甚至在薄层中也明显改进薄膜的铅笔硬度和抗刮性。该涂层也提供高耐溶剂性。与挤出ABS层相比,通过相应薄的涂层可以显著降低该ABS层的光学浑浊度(雾度),而不丧失可金属化性。
实施例6:金属化(电镀)
在铬硫酸(Chromschwefelsäure)蚀刻剂中进行ABS塑料表面的粗糙化,其中工作温度为60℃。浸渍时间为10分钟。假设在此操作过程中,在氧化下从该表面中溶解出ABS的成分丁二烯橡胶并由此形成微观范围中的空穴。此后,该部件用水和用亚硫酸氢钠溶液猛烈冲洗。
通过DE 10 2004 026 489 B3中描述的方法将钯核作为活化剂嵌入形成的空腔中,其随后如WO 2012/120007 A1第19页第30行至第20页第4行中所述那样催化在镍浴(硫酸镍;氨和次磷酸钠)中的化学镀镍。因此,获得第一薄导电镍层,其通过填充空腔而与塑料具有极好的机械啮合(Verzahnung)并相应好地粘附。
然后可以通过电化学方式在该导电层上沉积另外的金属层。
在HPF法中制成的具有本发明涂层、UV固化并用热塑性塑料后注塑的成型的薄膜在上述处理后表现出均匀的导电镍层。
如实施例中清楚表明,本发明的涂覆的薄膜具有抗刮并耐溶剂的表面。此外,这些表面在常规方法中具有良好的可金属化性。因此,本发明的涂料和本发明的薄膜出色地适用于制造所有种类的具有金属表面的模制体,尤其是通过薄膜嵌入成型法的那些。
Claims (14)
1.涂料,其包含
(a) 所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种热塑性丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物;
(b) 所述涂料固含量的至少30重量%的含量的至少一种可UV固化的反应性稀释剂;
(c) 所述涂料固含量的≥ 0.1至≤ 10重量份的含量的至少一种光引发剂;和
(d) 至少一种有机溶剂,
其中烯类不饱和基团的含量为至少3摩尔/千克所述涂料固含量,和其中所述丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(a)具有≥ 19%且≤ 35%的丙烯腈含量。
2.如权利要求1中所述的涂料,其中所述丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(a)具有≥ 20%且≤ 30%的丙烯腈含量。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的涂料,其中所述丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(a)具有≥10%且≤ 16%的聚丁二烯含量。
4.如权利要求1或2中所述的涂料,其中所述丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(a)具有至少95℃的根据ISO 306的维卡软化温度VET。
5.如权利要求1或2中所述的涂料,其中所述至少一种可UV固化的反应性稀释剂(b)是双官能、三官能、四官能、五官能和/或六官能丙烯酸类单体和/或甲基丙烯酸类单体。
6.如权利要求1或2中所述的涂料,其中所述溶剂(d)选自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、双丙酮醇、2,2,3,3-四氟丙醇及其混合物。
7.如权利要求1或2中所述的涂料,其中所述溶剂(d)包含来自1-甲氧基-2-丙醇和至少50重量%双丙酮醇的混合物。
8.涂覆的薄膜,其包含热塑性聚合物薄膜和通过用如权利要求1至7的至少一项中所述的涂料涂覆获得的涂层。
9.如权利要求8中所述的涂覆的薄膜,其包含聚碳酸酯薄膜或共聚碳酸酯薄膜。
10.如权利要求8或权利要求9中所述的涂覆的薄膜,其进一步包含在所述涂覆的表面上的金属部分涂层或金属层。
11.如权利要求10中所述的涂覆的薄膜,其中所述金属层包含至少一种选自锡、铅、银、金、钯、铂、钴、锰、铋、铜、镍、铁、铬及其混合物的金属。
12.制造涂覆的薄膜的方法,其包括步骤:
(i) 用如权利要求1至7的至少一项中所述的涂料涂覆薄膜;
(ii) 干燥所述涂层;
(iii) 将所述薄膜任选按尺寸剪切、分层、印刷和/或热或机械成型;
(iv) 用UV辐射照射所述涂层,在此固化所述涂层。
13.如权利要求1至7的至少一项中所述的涂料或如权利要求8至11的至少一项中所述的涂覆的薄膜用于在薄膜嵌入成型法中制造用于汽车、运输、电气、电子和建筑工业的3D模制体的用途。
14.模制件,其包含至少一个如权利要求8至11的至少一项中所述的涂覆的薄膜。
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