CN105513177A - LED visible light communication-based flow density statistics system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及LED可见光通信技术领域，具体涉及一种基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统及统计方法。The invention relates to the technical field of LED visible light communication, in particular to a system and method for counting people flow density based on LED visible light communication.
背景技术Background technique
小功率高密度的LED照明光源是为了弥补市场对于投影照明光源的需求而衍生出的一种小尺寸的LED新型封装形式。由于LED可见光照明设备具有集成化程度高、价格低廉、能耗低、寿命长、安全性高、照明亮度大、适应能力强等诸多优点，逐渐成为室内外照明光源的最佳选择。LED照明技术的日臻成熟与广泛应用为可见光通讯带了新的发展契机。The low-power and high-density LED lighting source is a new small-sized LED packaging form derived from the market's demand for projection lighting sources. Because LED visible light lighting equipment has many advantages such as high integration, low price, low energy consumption, long life, high safety, high lighting brightness, and strong adaptability, it has gradually become the best choice for indoor and outdoor lighting sources. The maturity and wide application of LED lighting technology have brought new opportunities for the development of visible light communication.
在节假日及活动期间，在一些大型广场、商场等室内场所，会出现的人流密度骤增的情况。2015年元旦期间上海发生的人群踩踏事件，对如何统计大型室内场所人流密度、避免发生类似事件，敲响了警钟。因此，现有人流量统计技术主要有三种：During holidays and events, in some large squares, shopping malls and other indoor places, there will be a sudden increase in the density of people. The crowd stampede that occurred in Shanghai during New Year's Day in 2015 sounded the alarm on how to count the crowd density of large indoor places and avoid similar incidents. Therefore, there are three main types of existing people counting techniques:
1.无线电监测方式，随着无线频谱资源的日益紧张，很多频段已经被占用，使用无线电频段需审批授权，且相临频段的无线装置之间干扰较大，难以满足现实需要；1. Radio monitoring method. With the increasing shortage of wireless spectrum resources, many frequency bands have been occupied. The use of radio frequency bands requires approval and authorization, and the interference between wireless devices in adjacent frequency bands is large, which is difficult to meet actual needs;
2.红外检测方式，可能对人眼造成不利影响，一定程度上不利于人们的健康。2. Infrared detection method may cause adverse effects on human eyes, which is not conducive to people's health to a certain extent.
3.视频检测方式，需使用摄像头、图像分析系统等，成本高。3. The video detection method needs to use a camera, an image analysis system, etc., and the cost is high.
研发一种安全高效、质优价低、便于使用的适用于大型室内场所的人流密度统计系统，以准确统计人流密度，避免人群拥挤，成为亟待解决的问题。It is an urgent problem to develop a safe, efficient, high-quality, low-cost, and easy-to-use crowd density statistics system suitable for large indoor places to accurately count the crowd density and avoid crowds.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种既既可以照明、又可以进行人流统计的基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统，以解决现有技术问题的不足。The invention provides a people flow density statistics system based on LED visible light communication, which can not only illuminate but also carry out people flow statistics, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统，包括上位机、发射端、接收端，所述发射端安装在天花板上，包括发射电路、LED阵列，所述接收端安装在地板上，包括光电探测器、接收电路，所述上位机与发射电路、接收电路连接，所述LED阵列与光电探测器采用直射式视距链路。在上位机控制下，电信号经发射电路控制LED阵列产生LED可见光信号，所述光电探测器接收光强度信号由接收电路转化为电信号，传输至上位机分析统计。A crowd counting system based on LED visible light communication, including a host computer, a transmitting end, and a receiving end, the transmitting end is installed on the ceiling, including a transmitting circuit, and an LED array, and the receiving end is installed on the floor, including photoelectric detection device and receiving circuit, the upper computer is connected with the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit, and the LED array and the photodetector adopt a direct line-of-sight link. Under the control of the host computer, the electrical signal is controlled by the transmitting circuit to control the LED array to generate LED visible light signals, and the light intensity signal received by the photodetector is converted into an electrical signal by the receiving circuit and transmitted to the host computer for analysis and statistics.
优选的，所述光电探测器包括光敏二极管，所述光敏二极管包括从上至下依次连接的N区、I区、P区、衬底、连接结构。由于光敏二极管在电路中都是反向工作状态，在没有光照时，反向电阻很大，反向电流(即暗电流)很小；当光照射在PN结上，光子打在PN结附近，使PN结附近产生光生电子和光生空穴对，它们在PN结处内电场的作用下做定向运动，形成光电流。在光敏二极管中，电流与入射光功率成正比，其公式为I＝RP，其中，I为光敏二极管产生的电流，R为光电检测器的响应度，P为入射光的光功率。光的照度越大，光电流越大，因此光敏二极管在不受光照射时处于截至状态，受光照射时处于导通状态。Preferably, the photodetector includes a photosensitive diode, and the photosensitive diode includes an N region, an I region, a P region, a substrate, and a connection structure sequentially connected from top to bottom. Since the photodiode is in the reverse working state in the circuit, when there is no light, the reverse resistance is very large, and the reverse current (ie dark current) is very small; when the light shines on the PN junction, the photons hit near the PN junction, Photogenerated electrons and photogenerated hole pairs are generated near the PN junction, and they move directionally under the action of the internal electric field at the PN junction to form a photocurrent. In the photodiode, the current is proportional to the incident light power, and its formula is I=RP, where I is the current generated by the photodiode, R is the responsivity of the photodetector, and P is the optical power of the incident light. The greater the illuminance of the light, the greater the photocurrent, so the photosensitive diode is in the cut-off state when it is not irradiated by light, and it is in the conduction state when it is irradiated by light.
优选的，所述光电探测器安装于室内进口走廊位置。Preferably, the photodetector is installed at the entrance corridor of the room.
优选的，所述光电探测器还安装于室内出口走廊位置。Preferably, the photodetector is also installed in the indoor exit corridor.
优选的，所述LED阵列采用12V—24V的直流电供电。这样，可用低电压带来高亮度效果，以达到省电及降低使用成本的目的，同时保证了用电安全，不会造成触电事故。Preferably, the LED array is powered by 12V-24V direct current. In this way, low voltage can be used to bring high brightness effect, so as to achieve the purpose of saving electricity and reducing the cost of use, and at the same time ensure the safety of electricity use, and will not cause electric shock accidents.
优选的，所述LED阵列采用高功率LED阵列，以同时满足通信和照明的双重要求，使系统正常工作。Preferably, the LED array adopts a high-power LED array to meet the dual requirements of communication and lighting at the same time, so that the system can work normally.
优选的，所述光电探测器的上方设有钢化玻璃。这样既不影响LED可见光的实际照明通信，又能够对LED可见光通信的接收端光探测器进行保护。Preferably, tempered glass is arranged above the photodetector. In this way, the actual lighting communication of LED visible light is not affected, and the photodetector at the receiving end of LED visible light communication can be protected.
优选的，所述上位机与报警装置连接。当室内人流密度达到设定值时，报警装置进行报警，提醒工作人员停止向室内放行人员，同时疏导室内人员防止踩踏、有序离开。Preferably, the host computer is connected with an alarm device. When the indoor flow density reaches the set value, the alarm device will give an alarm to remind the staff to stop releasing people indoors, and at the same time guide the indoor people to prevent stepping on and leave in an orderly manner.
综上所述，本发明的基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统利用LED可见光通信技术进行室内人流量及密度统计，即满足了室内照明需求，又完成了人流密度统计报警，具有安全高效、质优价低、便于使用的特点。In summary, the LED visible light communication-based people flow density statistics system of the present invention uses LED visible light communication technology to carry out indoor people flow and density statistics, which not only meets the indoor lighting requirements, but also completes the people flow density statistics alarm, which is safe, efficient, high-quality and efficient. Low price and easy to use.
为更好地实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种利用基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统进行人流密度统计的统计方法，具体的，所述统计方法包括以下步骤：In order to better achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a statistical method for counting the crowd density by using the LED visible light communication-based crowd density statistics system. Specifically, the statistical method includes the following steps:
S1.根据室内可容纳人员面积等，通过上位机进行参数预设；S1. According to the area that can accommodate people in the room, etc., the parameters are preset through the host computer;
S2.室内场所开放时，启动系统开始工作，LED阵列发出可见光提供照明，同时光电探测器探测光强度变化，当无人通过室内入口时，可见光信号强，光电探测器形成光电流，流入人数计数不增加；S2. When the indoor place is open, the starting system starts to work, the LED array emits visible light to provide lighting, and the photodetector detects the change of light intensity at the same time. When no one passes the indoor entrance, the visible light signal is strong, and the photodetector forms a photocurrent to count the number of people entering not increase;
S3.有人通过入口时，LED阵列发出的可见光信号受到人的阻挡，光电探测器形成暗电流，接收电路根据电流变化转化成电信号，上位机根据电信号，对流入人数计数加1；S3. When someone passes through the entrance, the visible light signal sent by the LED array is blocked by the person, the photodetector forms a dark current, the receiving circuit converts it into an electrical signal according to the current change, and the upper computer counts the number of people entering by adding 1 according to the electrical signal;
S4.有人通过出口时，LED阵列发出的可见光信号受到人的阻挡，光电探测器形成暗电流，接收电路根据电流变化转化成电信号，上位机根据电信号，对流出人数计数加1。上位机根据预设参数及流入、流出人数，得出室内人流密度；S4. When someone passes through the exit, the visible light signal sent by the LED array is blocked by the person, the photodetector forms a dark current, the receiving circuit converts it into an electrical signal according to the current change, and the host computer adds 1 to the count of the number of people going out according to the electrical signal. The upper computer calculates the indoor flow density according to the preset parameters and the number of inflow and outflow;
S5.室内场所关闭时，根据人流量及密度对人员进行清场，防止室内人员被关入室内，清场完毕后，系统关闭。S5. When the indoor place is closed, clear the place according to the flow and density of people to prevent indoor people from being locked in the room. After the clearing is completed, the system will be closed.
优选的，上位机设有人流密度预警值，当人流密度达到预警值时，将触发报警系统进行报警。Preferably, the upper computer is provided with an early warning value for the human flow density, and when the human flow density reaches the early warning value, an alarm system will be triggered to give an alarm.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crowd density statistics system based on LED visible light communication according to the present invention;
图2为本发明基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统的应用场景示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application scene of the crowd density statistics system based on LED visible light communication according to the present invention;
图3为本发明基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统光敏二极管的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photodiode of a crowd density statistics system based on LED visible light communication according to the present invention;
图4为本发明基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统工作流程简图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working flow of the crowd density statistics system based on LED visible light communication according to the present invention.
其中：1.上位机，2.报警装置，3.连接结构，4.天花板，5.发射电路，6.LED阵列，7.地板，8.光电探测器，9.接收电路，10.N区，11.I区，12.P区，13.衬底，14.钢化玻璃。Among them: 1. Host computer, 2. Alarm device, 3. Connection structure, 4. Ceiling, 5. Transmitting circuit, 6. LED array, 7. Floor, 8. Photoelectric detector, 9. Receiving circuit, 10. N area , 11. I area, 12. P area, 13. Substrate, 14. Tempered glass.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行进一步详细说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
参照图1、图2所示，包括上位机1、发射端、接收端，所述发射端安装在天花板4上，包括发射电路5、LED阵列6，所述接收端安装在地板7上，包括光电探测器8、接收电路9，所述上位机1与发射电路5、接收电路9连接，所述LED阵列6与光电探测器8采用直射式视距链路。在上位机1控制下，电信号经发射电路5控制LED阵列6产生LED可见光信号，所述光电探测器8接收光强度信号由接收电路9转化为电信号，传输至上位机1分析统计。With reference to Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, comprise upper computer 1, transmitting terminal, receiving terminal, described transmitting terminal is installed on the ceiling 4, comprises transmitting circuit 5, LED array 6, and described receiving terminal is installed on the floor 7, comprises A photodetector 8 and a receiving circuit 9, the host computer 1 is connected to the transmitting circuit 5 and the receiving circuit 9, and the LED array 6 and the photodetector 8 adopt a direct line-of-sight link. Under the control of the host computer 1, the electrical signal is controlled by the transmitting circuit 5 to control the LED array 6 to generate LED visible light signals. The light intensity signal received by the photodetector 8 is converted into an electrical signal by the receiving circuit 9 and transmitted to the host computer 1 for analysis and statistics.
所述光电探测器8包括光敏二极管，参照图3所示，所述光敏二极管包括从上至下依次连接的N区10、I区11、P区12、衬底13、连接结构3。由于光敏二极管在电路中都是反向工作状态，在没有光照时，反向电阻很大，反向电流(即暗电流)很小；当光照射在PN结上，光子打在PN结附近，使PN结附近产生光生电子和光生空穴对，它们在PN结处内电场的作用下做定向运动，形成光电流。在光敏二极管中，电流与入射光功率成正比，其公式为I＝RP，其中，I为光敏二极管产生的电流，R为光电检测器的响应度，P为入射光的光功率。光的照度越大，光电流越大，因此光敏二极管在不受光照射时处于截至状态，受光照射时处于导通状态。The photodetector 8 includes a photosensitive diode. As shown in FIG. 3 , the photosensitive diode includes an N region 10 , an I region 11 , a P region 12 , a substrate 13 , and a connecting structure 3 sequentially connected from top to bottom. Since the photodiode is in the reverse working state in the circuit, when there is no light, the reverse resistance is very large, and the reverse current (ie dark current) is very small; when the light shines on the PN junction, the photons hit near the PN junction, Photogenerated electrons and photogenerated hole pairs are generated near the PN junction, and they move directionally under the action of the internal electric field at the PN junction to form a photocurrent. In the photodiode, the current is proportional to the incident light power, and its formula is I=RP, where I is the current generated by the photodiode, R is the responsivity of the photodetector, and P is the optical power of the incident light. The greater the illuminance of the light, the greater the photocurrent, so the photosensitive diode is in the cut-off state when it is not irradiated by light, and it is in the conduction state when it is irradiated by light.
所述光电探测器8安装于室内进口走廊位置，可对进入室内的人数进行统计，从而得出进入人流量。所述光电探测器8还安装于室内出口走廊位置，以同时对离开室内的人数进行统计，从而得出离开人流量。两者相结合，可得出在室内的人数及人流密度。The photodetector 8 is installed at the position of the indoor entrance corridor, and can count the number of people entering the room, so as to obtain the flow of people entering the room. The photodetector 8 is also installed in the corridor at the exit of the room, so as to count the number of people leaving the room at the same time, so as to obtain the flow of people leaving the room. Combining the two, the number of people in the room and the flow density of people can be obtained.
所述LED阵列6采用12V—24V的直流电供电。这样，可用低电压带来高亮度效果，以达到省电及降低使用成本的目的，同时保证了用电安全，不会造成触电事故。所述LED阵列6采用高功率LED阵列6，以同时满足通信和照明的双重要求，使系统正常工作。所述光电探测器8的上方设有钢化玻璃。这样既不影响LED可见光的实际照明通信，又能够对LED可见光通信的接收端光探测器进行保护。The LED array 6 is powered by 12V-24V direct current. In this way, low voltage can be used to bring high brightness effect, so as to achieve the purpose of saving electricity and reducing the cost of use, and at the same time ensure the safety of electricity use, and will not cause electric shock accidents. The LED array 6 uses a high-power LED array 6 to meet the dual requirements of communication and lighting at the same time, so that the system can work normally. Toughened glass is arranged above the photodetector 8 . In this way, the actual lighting communication of LED visible light is not affected, and the photodetector at the receiving end of LED visible light communication can be protected.
参照图1所示，所述上位机1与报警装置2连接。当室内人流密度达到设定值时，报警装置2进行报警，提醒工作人员停止向室内放行人员，同时疏导室内人员防止踩踏、有序离开。As shown in FIG. 1 , the host computer 1 is connected with an alarm device 2 . When the indoor flow density of people reaches the set value, the alarm device 2 will give an alarm to remind the staff to stop releasing people indoors, and at the same time guide the indoor people to prevent stepping on and leave in an orderly manner.
综上所述，本发明的基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统利用LED可见光通信技术进行室内人流量及密度统计，即满足了室内照明需求，又完成了人流密度统计报警，具有安全高效、质优价低、便于使用的特点。In summary, the LED visible light communication-based people flow density statistics system of the present invention uses LED visible light communication technology to carry out indoor people flow and density statistics, which not only meets the indoor lighting requirements, but also completes the people flow density statistics alarm, which is safe, efficient, high-quality and efficient. Low price and easy to use.
为更好地实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种利用基于LED可见光通信的人流密度统计系统进行人流密度统计的统计方法，具体的，所述统计方法包括以下步骤：In order to better achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a statistical method for counting the crowd density by using the LED visible light communication-based crowd density statistics system. Specifically, the statistical method includes the following steps:
S1.根据室内可容纳人员面积等，通过上位机1进行参数预设；S1. According to the area that can accommodate people in the room, etc., the parameters are preset through the host computer 1;
S2.参照图4所示，室内场所开放时，启动系统开始工作，LED阵列6发出可见光提供照明，同时光电探测器8探测光强度变化，当无人通过室内入口时，可见光信号强，光电探测器8形成光电流，流入人数计数不增加；S2. As shown in Figure 4, when the indoor place is open, the starting system starts to work, the LED array 6 emits visible light to provide illumination, and the photodetector 8 detects the change of light intensity at the same time, when no one passes through the indoor entrance, the visible light signal is strong, and the photoelectric detection Device 8 forms a photocurrent, and the number of people flowing in does not increase;
S3.当有人通过入口时，LED阵列6发出的可见光信号受到人的阻挡，光电探测器8形成暗电流，接收电路9根据电流变化转化成电信号，上位机1根据电信号，对流入人数计数加1；S3. When someone passes through the entrance, the visible light signal sent by the LED array 6 is blocked by the person, the photodetector 8 forms a dark current, the receiving circuit 9 converts it into an electrical signal according to the current change, and the upper computer 1 counts the number of people entering according to the electrical signal plus 1;
S4.有人通过出口时，LED阵列6发出的可见光信号受到人的阻挡，光电探测器8形成暗电流，接收电路9根据电流变化转化成电信号，上位机1根据电信号，对流出人数计数加1。上位机1根据预设参数及流入、流出人数，得出室内人流密度；S4. When someone passes through the exit, the visible light signal sent by the LED array 6 is blocked by the person, the photodetector 8 forms a dark current, and the receiving circuit 9 converts it into an electrical signal according to the current change. 1. The upper computer 1 obtains the indoor flow density according to the preset parameters and the number of inflow and outflow;
S5.室内场所关闭时，根据人流量及密度对人员进行清场，防止室内人员被关入室内，清场完毕后，系统关闭。S5. When the indoor place is closed, clear the place according to the flow and density of people to prevent indoor people from being locked in the room. After the clearing is completed, the system will be closed.
为防止人流过于密集，上位机1设有人流密度预警值，当人流密度达到预警值时，将触发报警系统进行报警。In order to prevent crowds from being too dense, the host computer 1 is provided with a crowd density warning value. When the crowd density reaches the warning value, an alarm system will be triggered to give an alarm.
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, the It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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