CN105510158A - Anchor solid dynamic tensile testing device and method - Google Patents
Anchor solid dynamic tensile testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锚固体动态拉伸实验装置及实验方法。本发明应用重锤-杠杆装置，将重锤自由落体的冲击载荷转换-放大为作用在锚杆上的冲击载荷，通过调整杠杆支点位置，改变锚杆上所受拉伸载荷的量值，研究不同载荷、不同拉伸速率下锚固体界面上的响应规律。本发明采用导向装置、杠杆放大装置，实现了锚杆的动态拉拔，所研究的第一、二界面脱粘失效规律对冲击地压锚固巷道锚固体失效机制具有一定的工程意义。
The invention discloses an anchor body dynamic stretching experiment device and an experiment method. The present invention uses a weight-lever device to convert and amplify the impact load of the free fall of the weight into an impact load acting on the anchor rod. By adjusting the position of the lever fulcrum, the magnitude of the tensile load on the anchor rod is changed, and the research Response laws on the anchor interface under different loads and different tensile rates. The invention adopts the guide device and the lever amplification device to realize the dynamic drawing of the anchor rod, and the researched first and second interface debonding failure law has certain engineering significance for the failure mechanism of the rock burst anchorage roadway anchor body.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种动态载荷作用下锚杆锚固体试验装置及试验方法，尤其涉及一种锚杆锚固基体的制作和锚固体拉伸试验方法。The invention relates to a test device and a test method for an anchorage body under the action of a dynamic load, in particular to a production of an anchorage matrix and a tensile test method for an anchorage body.
背景技术Background technique
随着矿井开采深度的增加，岩爆、冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、顶板大面积来压等动压显现的频率和强度越来越高，对矿井巷道围岩稳定性及人员安全造成较大的威胁。With the increase of mine mining depth, the frequency and intensity of dynamic pressure such as rockburst, rock burst, coal and gas outburst, and large area of roof pressure are getting higher and higher, which has a greater impact on the stability of the surrounding rock of the mine roadway and personnel safety. big threat.
目前，锚杆静力拉拔实验技术比较成熟，对锚固体诸界面有了比较深刻理解，但对动态拉拔锚固体诸界面破坏机制尚不清晰。2013年周辉等申报的专利“一种锚杆性能测试装置”，公开了一种锚杆静力拉伸变形和动态抗冲击性能的试验测试装置；2014年路国运等的申报的专利“一种冲击主动围压下的动态拉拔实验装置及实验方法”，公开了一种冲击主动围压下的动态拉拔装置及实验方法；2014年康红普等申报的专利“一种用于测试锚杆冲击载荷的试验台及测试方法”，公开了一种测试锚杆冲击载荷的试验台及测试方法；2014年周泽等申报的专利“一种锚杆动载施加装置”，公开了一种锚杆动载施加装置；要对锚固体诸界面（树脂-孔壁、锚杆-树脂及潜在的岩体破坏界面）的动态特性进行数值模拟、理论方面的研究，必须通过室内试验研究其力学性能。At present, the static pulling experiment technology of anchor bolts is relatively mature, and the interfaces of the anchoring body have been deeply understood, but the failure mechanism of the interfaces of the anchoring body during dynamic pulling is still unclear. In 2013, Zhou Hui et al. applied for a patent "a bolt performance test device", which disclosed a test device for static tensile deformation and dynamic impact resistance of anchor bolts; in 2014, Lu Guoyun et al. A dynamic drawing device and experimental method under impact active confining pressure", which discloses a dynamic drawing device and experimental method under impact active confining pressure; in 2014, Kang Hongpu and others applied for a patent "A method for testing bolts Impact load test bench and test method", discloses a test bench and test method for testing the impact load of anchor bolts; in 2014, the patent "a dynamic load application device for anchor bolts" declared by Zhou Ze et al. disclosed an anchor bolt Rod dynamic load application device; in order to carry out numerical simulation and theoretical research on the dynamic characteristics of the various interfaces of the anchor (resin-hole wall, anchor rod-resin and potential rock mass failure interfaces), it is necessary to study its mechanical properties through laboratory experiments .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种冲击载荷作用下，锚杆锚固体杆体-树脂第一界面动态实验装置，研究动态载荷作用下该界面上的剪切力分布。本发明应用重锤-杠杆装置，将冲击载荷转换-放大为作用在锚杆上的冲击载荷，通过调整杠杆支点位置，改变锚杆上所受拉伸载荷的量值，研究不同载荷、不同拉伸速率下锚固体界面上的响应规律。The present invention aims to provide a dynamic experimental device for the first interface of anchor rod body-resin under the action of impact load, to study the shear force distribution on the interface under the action of dynamic load. The present invention uses a weight-lever device to convert and amplify the impact load into an impact load acting on the anchor rod. By adjusting the position of the fulcrum of the lever, the magnitude of the tensile load on the anchor rod is changed, and different loads and different tensile loads are studied. The response law on the anchor interface under the elongation rate.
本发明提供了一种冲击载荷作用下锚杆动态拉伸试验装置，包括重锤、锚固体拉伸装置、冲击-杠杆传力系统、测量系统、试件制作模具等。所述重锤包括穿心冲击钢块、重锤靶，穿过定位杆，由重锤定位销固定在重锤冲击装置两边的立柱上，立柱上标示有刻度；两侧立柱上钻孔，以便重锤定位销插入；拉出定位销，重锤即可沿铅直轨道作自由落体运动，实现重锤冲击；所述试件为钢筋混凝土制作的圆柱形试件，试件中心为矿用锚杆；所述测量装置包括加速度传感器、PVDF动载荷传感器、金属箔式应变片；所述试件中心锚固的矿用锚杆，沿轴向两侧刻槽，槽内粘贴应变片；所述试件紧固装置为沿试件边缘内侧布置的配筋，在下端外露段加固螺纹，通过螺帽紧固在固定端；所述冲击-杠杆传力系统包括重锤冲击靶、滑道、导向轮、钢丝绳、杠杆，重锤以一定速度下落作用在冲击靶上，冲击靶带动钢丝绳拉动杠杆动作，动载荷经杠杆放大后经钢丝绳、导向轮传递到矿用锚杆的受拉端；所述杠杆包括杠杆轴承支点、长臂和短臂，连接冲击靶的钢丝绳连接长臂，连接矿用锚杆的钢丝绳连接于短臂，在杠杆臂、锚杆上钻孔，安装同类型钢丝绳制作的连接环，钢丝绳通过丝扣固定于连接环上；所述杠杆短臂给定长度，长臂随放大系数不同进行更换，轴承支点与其通过螺栓连接装配；所述重锤为中空重块，沿一个有刻度的钢杆落下，冲击靶置于一个滑筒内，钢丝绳连接杠杆短臂及冲击靶。The invention provides a dynamic tension test device for anchor rods under the action of impact load, which includes a weight, an anchor body tension device, an impact-lever force transmission system, a measurement system, a mold for making a test piece, and the like. The heavy hammer includes a through-center impact steel block and a heavy hammer target, which pass through the positioning rod and are fixed on the columns on both sides of the heavy hammer impact device by the positioning pin of the heavy hammer. Insert the positioning pin of the heavy hammer; pull out the positioning pin, the heavy hammer can freely fall along the vertical track to realize the impact of the heavy hammer; the test piece is a cylindrical test piece made of reinforced concrete, and the center of the test piece is a mining anchor Rod; the measuring device includes an acceleration sensor, a PVDF dynamic load sensor, and a metal foil strain gauge; the mine anchor rod anchored in the center of the test piece is grooved on both sides of the axial direction, and the strain gauge is pasted in the groove; the test piece The fastening device of the test piece is the reinforcement arranged along the inner side of the edge of the test piece, and the thread is reinforced at the exposed section of the lower end, and is fastened to the fixed end by a nut; , steel wire rope, lever, the heavy hammer falls at a certain speed and acts on the impact target, the impact target drives the steel wire rope to pull the lever, and the dynamic load is amplified by the lever and then transmitted to the tension end of the mine bolt through the steel wire rope and the guide wheel; the lever Including the lever bearing fulcrum, the long arm and the short arm, the steel wire rope connected to the impact target is connected to the long arm, the steel wire rope connected to the mine bolt is connected to the short arm, holes are drilled on the lever arm and the anchor rod, and the connecting ring made of the same type of steel wire rope is installed , the steel wire rope is fixed on the connecting ring through a screw; the short arm of the lever has a given length, and the long arm can be replaced according to the magnification factor, and the bearing fulcrum is connected to it by bolts; The steel rod falls, the impact target is placed in a slide tube, and the steel wire rope connects the short arm of the lever and the impact target.
上述冲击靶、重锤、冲击锥形端中间加工有细孔，下端安设锥台形冲击端；重锤沿导轨下落，撞击冲击靶，使其沿导轨将冲击载荷通过钢丝绳传递到锚杆一端。冲击靶上端靶头处安设PVDF动载荷传感器，测量重锤施加给冲击靶的动态载荷；冲击靶中间加工有与上端安设有大小与上述锥形冲击端一致的冲击端，冲击靶一侧刻槽，槽内放置可以连接钢丝绳的滑块。受冲击载荷后，冲击靶沿靶滑筒下降。The above-mentioned impact target, weight, and impact cone end are processed with fine holes in the middle, and the lower end is equipped with a cone-shaped impact end; the weight falls along the guide rail and hits the impact target, so that the impact load is transmitted along the guide rail to one end of the anchor rod through the wire rope. A PVDF dynamic load sensor is installed at the target head on the upper end of the impact target to measure the dynamic load applied by the weight to the impact target; the impact end is processed in the middle of the impact target and the upper end is equipped with an impact end that is the same size as the above-mentioned conical impact end, and the impact target side is Grooves are carved, and sliders that can be connected to wire ropes are placed in the grooves. After receiving the impact load, the impact target descends along the target slide.
上述立柱包括重锤冲击装置立柱，导向轮立柱和杠杆转轴固定立柱，其下端固定在底座上。Above-mentioned upright comprises the upright of heavy hammer impact device, guide wheel upright and lever shaft fixing upright, and its lower end is fixed on the base.
重锤冲击装置立柱为槽钢制作，槽钢立柱上标刻度，上等间距钻孔。重锤靠上端左右两侧加工有锥形孔，锥形插销穿过立柱孔，将其固定在门式槽钢的某一高度，拉出插销，即可使重锤自由下落。The column of the hammer impact device is made of channel steel, and the channel steel column is marked with a scale and drilled at equal intervals. There are tapered holes processed on the left and right sides of the upper end of the weight, and the tapered pins pass through the holes of the columns, and are fixed at a certain height of the portal channel steel. Pull out the pins to make the weight fall freely.
上述杠杆长臂和短臂通过轴承连接，短臂一节，长臂为若干节，各节之间为螺纹连接。Above-mentioned lever long arm and short arm are connected by bearing, and short arm is one section, and long arm is several sections, and each section is threaded connection.
上述导向装置为两组滑轮，长臂端导向装置的一组滑轮固定在立柱上；短臂端导向装置固定在一组导向轮立柱上。The above-mentioned guiding device is two groups of pulleys, one group of pulleys of the long arm end guiding device is fixed on the column; the short arm end guiding device is fixed on a group of guide wheel column.
上述长臂端立柱为槽钢制作，固定于底座上，滑轮上下、左右错开布置；上述短臂端立柱为槽钢制作，固定于底座上，滑轮上下、左右错开布置，固定于导向轮固定板上，保证通过导向轮连接锚杆拉拔端的钢丝绳铅直且与锚杆轴向同心。The long arm end column is made of channel steel, fixed on the base, and the pulleys are staggered up and down, left and right; the short arm end column is made of channel steel, fixed on the base, the pulleys are staggered up and down, left and right, and fixed on the guide wheel fixing plate Above, ensure that the steel wire rope connected to the pulling end of the anchor rod through the guide wheel is vertical and concentric with the axial direction of the anchor rod.
本发明提供了一种锚固体动态拉伸的实验方法，包括如下步骤：The invention provides an experimental method for dynamic stretching of an anchor, comprising the following steps:
（1）制作中间预留锚杆安装孔的圆形混凝土试件，养护28天，以备使用。(1) Make a circular concrete specimen with an anchor bolt installation hole reserved in the middle, and cure it for 28 days for use.
（2）锚杆轴向两侧刻槽，粘贴应变片，连线密封，锚固于混凝土基体的孔内。(2) Grooves are made on both sides of the anchor rod axially, strain gauges are pasted, the connection lines are sealed, and anchored in the holes of the concrete matrix.
（3）将试件固定在底座上，将应变片导线连接于动态应变仪；在锚杆外露段和基体上安装加速度传感器和位移传感器。(3) Fix the test piece on the base, connect the strain gauge wire to the dynamic strain gauge; install the acceleration sensor and the displacement sensor on the exposed section of the anchor rod and the substrate.
（4）安装好冲击靶，其上安设PVDF动态载荷传感器；连接好各个连接处的钢丝绳，并保持张紧状态。(4) Install the impact target and install the PVDF dynamic load sensor on it; connect the wire ropes at each connection and keep them in tension.
（5）提升重锤至设定高度，释放重锤使其冲击冲击靶，带动钢丝绳，将冲击荷载转化为作用在锚杆的动载冲击载荷；动态应变仪记录动载荷沿锚杆轴向的分布及衰减规律，加速度传感器锚杆的杆体运动规律。(5) Lift the weight to the set height, release the weight to hit the impact target, drive the wire rope, and convert the impact load into a dynamic impact load acting on the anchor; the dynamic strain gauge records the dynamic load along the axial direction of the anchor. Distribution and attenuation law, the rod body motion law of the acceleration sensor anchor rod.
（6）调节重锤下落高度，重复以上步骤，可研究加载速率对锚杆-锚固剂第一界面、第二界面粘结力分布的影响规律。(6) Adjust the falling height of the weight and repeat the above steps to study the influence of the loading rate on the distribution of the cohesive force at the first interface and the second interface of the anchor rod-anchor agent.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
（1）本发明涉利用重锤、冲击靶、杠杆、钢丝绳、导向轮，将重锤的下落动荷载转化、放大为作用在锚固体上的动态拉拔力，从而实现了锚固体的动态拉伸试验。(1) The present invention involves the use of heavy hammers, impact targets, levers, steel wire ropes, and guide wheels to convert and amplify the falling dynamic load of the heavy hammers into dynamic pulling forces acting on the anchoring body, thereby realizing the dynamic pulling of the anchoring body. Stretch test.
（2）采用动载荷传感器记录冲击靶的动态载荷，采用加速度传感器、位移传感器记录动载作用下锚杆外露端的加速度和位移，可以定量记录锚杆动载拉拔力-位移曲线，以便分析拉拔力与锚杆粘结滑移的影响。(2) The dynamic load sensor is used to record the dynamic load of the impact target, and the acceleration sensor and displacement sensor are used to record the acceleration and displacement of the exposed end of the anchor rod under the action of dynamic load. The effect of pullout force and bond-slip of anchor rods.
（3）本发明采用导向装置、杠杆放大装置，实现了锚杆的动态拉拔，所研究的第、一、二界面脱粘失效规律对冲击地压锚固巷道锚固体失效机制具有一定的工程意义。(3) The present invention adopts the guide device and the lever amplification device to realize the dynamic drawing of the anchor rod. The debonding failure law of the first, first and second interfaces studied has certain engineering significance for the failure mechanism of rock burst anchorage roadway anchors .
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明装置装置系统图。Fig. 1 is the device system diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明装置的重锤冲击装置图。Fig. 2 is a diagram of the hammer impact device of the device of the present invention.
图3为本发明的重锤装置图。Fig. 3 is a diagram of the weight device of the present invention.
图4为冲击靶滑筒装置图。Figure 4 is a diagram of the impact target slider device.
图5为本发明装置的冲击靶图。Fig. 5 is an impact target diagram of the device of the present invention.
图6为本发明的基体模具图。Fig. 6 is a diagram of the matrix mold of the present invention.
图7为本发明的锚固体拉伸装置图。Fig. 7 is a diagram of the anchor stretching device of the present invention.
图8为本发明装置的测力锚杆图。Fig. 8 is a diagram of a force-measuring anchor rod of the device of the present invention.
图中1为定位杆、2为重锤、3为重锤立柱、4为冲击靶、5为钢丝绳固定块、6为冲击靶滑筒、7为导向轮立柱、8为导向轮固定板、9为导向轮、10、10’为钢丝绳、11为杠杆连接扣、12为杠杆、13为轴承、14为锚杆、15为基体、16为基体配筋、17为基体底座、18为T形固定螺栓、19为装置底座、20为重锤定位销，21为重锤冲击装置立柱刻度、22为重锤定位杆孔、23为重锤靶、24为滑筒缺口、25为冲击靶靶头、26为PVDF动载荷传感器、27为薄壁钢管、28为PVC模具管、29为定位螺栓、30为模具底座、31为加速度传感器、32为应变片、33为充填胶水。In the figure, 1 is the positioning rod, 2 is the heavy hammer, 3 is the heavy hammer column, 4 is the impact target, 5 is the wire rope fixed block, 6 is the impact target slide cylinder, 7 is the guide wheel column, 8 is the guide wheel fixed plate, 9 10, 10' is the steel wire rope, 11 is the lever connection buckle, 12 is the lever, 13 is the bearing, 14 is the anchor rod, 15 is the matrix, 16 is the matrix reinforcement, 17 is the matrix base, 18 is T-shaped fixing Bolt, 19 is the base of the device, 20 is the positioning pin of the heavy hammer, 21 is the column scale of the heavy hammer impact device, 22 is the hole of the positioning rod of the heavy hammer, 23 is the target of the heavy hammer, 24 is the notch of the sliding cylinder, 25 is the head of the impact target, 26 is a PVDF dynamic load sensor, 27 is a thin-walled steel pipe, 28 is a PVC mold pipe, 29 is a positioning bolt, 30 is a mold base, 31 is an acceleration sensor, 32 is a strain gauge, and 33 is filling glue.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过具体实施例子来进一步说明本发明，但不限于该例子。The present invention will be further illustrated below through a specific implementation example, but not limited to this example.
实施例子：Implementation example:
首先对照图1-图6说明本发明实验装置的构成：First illustrate the composition of the experimental device of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 6:
一种冲击载荷作用下锚杆动态拉伸试验装置，包括重锤、锚固体拉伸装置、冲击-杠杆传力系统、测量系统、试件制作模具等。其特征在于：所述冲击装置包括重锤2、重锤靶23、冲击靶4、滑筒6。所述试件为钢筋混凝土制作的圆柱形试件15，周边布置配筋16，试件中心为矿用锚杆14。A dynamic tensile test device for an anchor rod under impact load, comprising a weight, an anchor body tensile device, an impact-lever force transmission system, a measuring system, a mold for making a test piece, and the like. It is characterized in that: the impact device includes a weight 2 , a weight target 23 , an impact target 4 , and a slide cylinder 6 . The test piece is a cylindrical test piece 15 made of reinforced concrete, with reinforcements 16 arranged around it, and the center of the test piece is a mine bolt 14 .
所述测量装置包括固定于锚杆上端的加速度传感器31、测量重锤动载荷的PVDF动载荷传感器34、测量锚杆受力的金属箔式应变片32。The measuring device includes an acceleration sensor 31 fixed on the upper end of the anchor rod, a PVDF dynamic load sensor 34 for measuring the dynamic load of the hammer, and a metal foil strain gauge 32 for measuring the force on the anchor rod.
所述冲击-杠杆传力系统包括重锤冲击靶4、重锤立柱3、导向轮9（9’）、钢丝绳10(10’)、杠杆12。重锤由由定位销20固定在两边的立柱上，拉出定位销，重锤即可沿铅直轨道作自由落体运动，实现重锤冲击。重锤以一定速度下落作用在冲击靶上，冲击靶带动钢丝绳拉动杠杆动作，动载荷经杠杆放大后经钢丝绳、导向轮传递到矿用锚杆14的受拉端；所述杠杆包括杠杆轴承支点13、长臂和短臂，连接冲击靶的钢丝绳连接长臂，连接矿用锚杆的钢丝绳连接于短臂，在杠杆臂、锚杆上钻孔，安装同类型钢丝绳制作的连接环，钢丝绳通过丝扣固定于连接环上；所述杠杆短臂给定长度，长臂端由杠杆连接扣11将杠杆短节固定，实现不同的动载放大系数。The impact-lever power transmission system includes a weight impact target 4, a weight column 3, a guide wheel 9 (9'), a steel wire rope 10 (10'), and a lever 12. The heavy hammer is fixed on the columns on both sides by the positioning pin 20, and the positioning pin is pulled out, and the heavy hammer can freely fall along the vertical track to realize the impact of the heavy hammer. The heavy hammer falls on the impact target at a certain speed, and the impact target drives the steel wire rope to pull the lever. The dynamic load is amplified by the lever and then transmitted to the tension end of the mine bolt 14 through the steel wire rope and the guide wheel; the lever includes a lever bearing fulcrum 13. The long arm and the short arm, the wire rope connected to the impact target is connected to the long arm, the wire rope connected to the mine anchor is connected to the short arm, drill holes on the lever arm and the anchor rod, and install the connecting ring made of the same type of wire rope, and the wire rope passes through The screw is fixed on the connecting ring; the short arm of the lever has a given length, and the end of the long arm is fixed by the lever connecting buckle 11 to realize different dynamic load amplification factors.
下面具体叙述本发明的锚杆动态拉拔实验方法：Describe the anchor rod dynamic drawing test method of the present invention below in detail:
一种锚固体动态拉伸实验装置及实验方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：An anchor dynamic tensile test device and test method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
（1）将薄壁钢管27外侧涂抹洗衣液，用保鲜膜包裹后置于模具底座30的孔内；将一定水灰比的水泥、砂和石子搅拌后倒入基体模具内，同时将其置于振动台上，使其密实；1d后即可取出薄壁钢管，养护28天后即可进行下一步实验。(1) Apply laundry detergent on the outside of the thin-walled steel pipe 27, wrap it with plastic wrap and place it in the hole of the mold base 30; mix cement, sand and stones with a certain water-cement ratio and pour it into the matrix mold, and place it at the same time Put it on a vibrating table to make it dense; after 1 day, the thin-walled steel pipe can be taken out, and the next experiment can be carried out after 28 days of curing.
（2）与（1）同时进行，将矿用锚杆14沿轴向两侧刻槽，在槽内粘结应变片32，而后用防水胶33封装，相邻的两片组成半桥电路，对锚杆受力进行监测。(2) Simultaneously with (1), the mine bolt 14 is grooved on both sides of the axial direction, the strain gauge 32 is bonded in the groove, and then sealed with waterproof glue 33, and the two adjacent pieces form a half-bridge circuit. Monitor the force of the anchor rod.
（3）将T形固定螺栓18穿过基体底座17，将基体底座固定在系统底座19上，然后将配筋16下端用螺母连接基体底座17，完成试件的安装，在锚杆14中上段安设加速度传感器31。(3) Pass the T-shaped fixing bolt 18 through the base base 17, fix the base base on the system base 19, and then connect the lower end of the reinforcement 16 to the base base 17 with nuts to complete the installation of the test piece. An acceleration sensor 31 is installed.
（4）将冲击靶靶头25上端安设PVDF动载荷传感器26，同时将其置入冲击靶滑筒6；将钢丝绳10一端连接固定块5，另一端连接杠杆12；钢丝绳10’一端连接杠杆短臂，另一端连接锚杆上端；两根钢丝绳均通过导向轮，要求安装时杠杆12保持水平且钢丝绳张紧。(4) Install the PVDF dynamic load sensor 26 on the upper end of the impact target head 25, and put it into the impact target slider 6 at the same time; connect one end of the steel wire rope 10 to the fixed block 5, and the other end to the lever 12; one end of the steel wire rope 10' is connected to the lever The short arm is connected to the upper end of the anchor rod at the other end; both steel wire ropes pass through the guide wheel, and the lever 12 is required to be kept horizontal and the steel wire ropes are tensioned during installation.
（5）连接监测仪器，监测冲击靶所受载荷、锚杆受力和加速度。(5) Connect the monitoring instrument to monitor the load on the impact target, the force and acceleration of the bolt.
（6）提升重锤2至一定高度，用重锤定位销20固定；准备就绪后，同时拉出两侧的定位销，重锤靶23以一定速度击中冲击靶25，冲击靶在滑筒6内向下运动，带动钢丝绳和杠杆，将放大后的动载荷传递到锚杆。(6) Lift the weight 2 to a certain height, and fix it with the weight positioning pin 20; when ready, pull out the positioning pins on both sides at the same time, and the weight target 23 hits the impact target 25 at a certain speed, and the impact target is on the sliding cylinder 6 moves downwards to drive the wire rope and the lever to transfer the amplified dynamic load to the bolt.
（7）调节重锤释放高度或杠杆长臂长度，重复以上步骤，可研究不同加载速率和动态拉拔力作用下锚杆锚固体的动态拉拔力学响应。(7) Adjust the release height of the weight or the length of the long arm of the lever, and repeat the above steps to study the dynamic pull-out mechanical response of the bolt anchor under different loading rates and dynamic pull-out forces.
Claims (6)
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