CN105483473A - Aluminum alloy cast rod for casting hub and preparing method of aluminum alloy cast rod - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy cast rod for casting hub and preparing method of aluminum alloy cast rod Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒，各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.4％、Mn0.12％、Cr0.08％、Mg1.7％、Cu0.2％、Ti0.6％、B0.05％、Sb0.11％、Zr0.16％、Gd0.04％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al，上述铝合金铸棒的制备方法包括熔化、精炼、静置和铸造的步骤。本发明的铝合金铸棒，加入了Sb、Zr、Gd等元素可对铝合金组织起到变质和细化作用，利用该铸棒来生产铝合金轮毂，所得铝合金轮毂的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均有较大提高，且具有优良的冲击韧性和抗腐蚀性。The invention discloses an aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheel hubs, the mass percentages of each component are: Si0.4%, Mn0.12%, Cr0.08%, Mg1.7%, Cu0.2%, Ti0.6 %, B0.05%, Sb0.11%, Zr0.16%, Gd0.04%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals does not exceed 0.5%, and the rest is Al. The preparation method of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy cast rod includes The steps of melting, refining, standing and casting. The aluminum alloy cast rod of the present invention, adding elements such as Sb, Zr, Gd, etc., can modify and refine the structure of the aluminum alloy. The cast rod is used to produce aluminum alloy wheels, and the tensile strength, yield and yield of the obtained aluminum alloy wheels are The strength and elongation are greatly improved, and it has excellent impact toughness and corrosion resistance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及铝合金铸棒加工领域，特别是一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒及其制备方法。The invention relates to the field of processing aluminum alloy cast rods, in particular to an aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheel hubs and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
轮毂是汽车行驶系统的重要部件之一，是一种要求较高的保安件，它与车辆的行驶性能、乘坐的舒适性和安全性密切相关，铝合金轮毂因具有美观、重量轻、价格低、散热性好、易于成型、减震性能好等优点，而被广泛应用于目前的汽车工业中，但是，铝合金轮毂的硬度较钢轮毂小，力学性能比钢轮毂差，改善力学性能的一个重要关注点就在于铝合金材料的改进。The wheel hub is one of the important components of the vehicle driving system, and it is a security device with high requirements. It is closely related to the driving performance, riding comfort and safety of the vehicle. , good heat dissipation, easy molding, good shock absorption performance, etc., and are widely used in the current automobile industry. However, the hardness of aluminum alloy wheels is smaller than that of steel wheels, and their mechanical properties are worse than those of steel wheels. One of the ways to improve mechanical properties An important focus is on the improvement of aluminum alloy materials.
铝合金材料的好坏是影响轮毂质量好坏的一个重大因素，普通铸造轮毂目前普遍采用的是A356铝材，且生产铝合金轮毂时是一次性铸造成型，没有进行再加工，金属的内部组织结构没有发生变化，存在机械性能较低的问题。The quality of the aluminum alloy material is a major factor affecting the quality of the wheel hub. A356 aluminum is commonly used in ordinary casting wheels, and the production of aluminum alloy wheels is one-time casting without reprocessing. The internal structure of the metal There is no change in the structure, but there is a problem of low mechanical properties.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒及其制备方法，对铝合金轮毂采用的铝合金材料进行了变质和细化处理，为提高铝合金轮毂的机械性能提供了保证。The invention provides an aluminum alloy casting rod for casting a wheel hub and a preparation method thereof, which undergoes modification and refinement treatment on the aluminum alloy material used in the aluminum alloy wheel hub, and provides a guarantee for improving the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy wheel hub.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:
一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒，各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.5～0.9％、Mo0.05～0.11％、Mg1.3～1.8％、Zn0.1～0.3％、Ti0.3～0.8％、B0.03～0.06％、Mn0.06～0.15％、Zr0.03～0.08％、Er0.03～0.08％、Gd0.02～0.04％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al。An aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheel hubs, the mass percentages of the components are: Si0.5-0.9%, Mo0.05-0.11%, Mg1.3-1.8%, Zn0.1-0.3%, Ti0.3- 0.8%, B0.03～0.06%, Mn0.06～0.15%, Zr0.03～0.08%, Er0.03～0.08%, Gd0.02～0.04%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals should not exceed 0.5%, the rest is Al.
优选的，所述铝合金铸棒中各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.7％、Mo0.09％、Mg1.6％、Zn0.2％、Ti0.6％、B0.05％、Mn0.11％、Zr0.06％、Er0.06％、Gd0.03％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al。Preferably, the mass percentages of the components in the aluminum alloy cast rod are: Si0.7%, Mo0.09%, Mg1.6%, Zn0.2%, Ti0.6%, B0.05%, Mn0. 11%, Zr0.06%, Er0.06%, Gd0.03%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals does not exceed 0.5%, and the rest is Al.
一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A preparation method of an aluminum alloy casting rod for casting a wheel hub, comprising the following steps:
(1)熔化：将铝原料和镁、硅成分及覆盖剂在熔炼炉中熔化至700～720℃，然后加入除了铝、镁、硅之外的其他合金成分，继续升温至740～750℃，待合金元素全部熔化后得铝合金熔液；(1) Melting: Melt the aluminum raw material, magnesium, silicon components and covering agent in a melting furnace to 700-720°C, then add other alloy components except aluminum, magnesium, and silicon, and continue to heat up to 740-750°C, After all the alloying elements are melted, the aluminum alloy melt is obtained;
(2)精炼：将铝合金熔液的温度调整至730～740℃，喷入精炼剂进行精炼处理，然后升温至750-760℃，通入氩气进行除气精炼，精炼后扒渣；(2) Refining: Adjust the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 730-740°C, spray into the refining agent for refining treatment, then raise the temperature to 750-760°C, pass in argon gas for degassing and refining, and remove slag after refining;
(3)静置：将精炼后的铝合金熔液静置，待铝合金熔液温度降至730～740℃；(3) Stand still: put the refined aluminum alloy melt to rest until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt drops to 730-740°C;
(4)铸造：将经步骤(3)处理后的铝合金熔液通过热顶式铸造机进行成型铸造，铸造过程中，铸造速度控制在80～85mm/min，冷却水水压控制在0.07～0.12MPa，铝合金熔液的温度保持在730～740℃，最终铸造获得铝合金铸棒成品。(4) Casting: The molten aluminum alloy treated in step (3) is molded and casted through a hot-top casting machine. During the casting process, the casting speed is controlled at 80-85mm/min, and the cooling water pressure is controlled at 0.07- 0.12MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is kept at 730-740°C, and finally cast to obtain the finished aluminum alloy cast rod.
本发明的铝合金铸棒，在铸造的过程中加入了Er、Zr、Gd元素，并辅以Si、Mn、Mg、Mo等其他元素的协同作用，可对铝合金组织起到变质和细化作用，从而获得晶粒更细且分布更均匀的铝合金铸棒，利用上述铸棒来生产铝合金轮毂，所得铝合金轮毂的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均有较大提高，且具有优良的冲击韧性和抗腐蚀性，安全性好，经久耐用。The aluminum alloy cast rod of the present invention adds Er, Zr, Gd elements during the casting process, and supplemented by the synergistic effect of other elements such as Si, Mn, Mg, Mo, etc., which can change and refine the structure of the aluminum alloy. role, so as to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods with finer grains and more uniform distribution. Using the above cast rods to produce aluminum alloy wheels, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the obtained aluminum alloy wheels are greatly improved, and have Excellent impact toughness and corrosion resistance, good safety and durability.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围和应用范围不限于以下实施例：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention and scope of application are not limited to following embodiment:
实施例1Example 1
一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒，各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.7％、Mo0.09％、Mg1.6％、Zn0.2％、Ti0.6％、B0.05％、Mn0.11％、Zr0.06％、Er0.06％、Gd0.03％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al。An aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheels, the mass percentages of the components are: Si0.7%, Mo0.09%, Mg1.6%, Zn0.2%, Ti0.6%, B0.05%, Mn0. 11%, Zr0.06%, Er0.06%, Gd0.03%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and nonmetals does not exceed 0.5%, and the rest is Al.
上述铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast rod for casting the wheel hub comprises the following steps:
(1)熔化：将铝原料和镁、硅成分及覆盖剂在熔炼炉中熔化至700～720℃，然后加入除了铝、镁、硅之外的其他合金成分，继续升温至740～750℃，待合金元素全部熔化后得铝合金熔液；(1) Melting: Melt the aluminum raw material, magnesium, silicon components and covering agent in a melting furnace to 700-720°C, then add other alloy components except aluminum, magnesium, and silicon, and continue to heat up to 740-750°C, After all the alloying elements are melted, the aluminum alloy melt is obtained;
(2)精炼：将铝合金熔液的温度调整至730～740℃，喷入精炼剂进行精炼处理，然后升温至750-760℃，通入氩气进行除气精炼，精炼后扒渣；(2) Refining: Adjust the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 730-740°C, spray into the refining agent for refining treatment, then raise the temperature to 750-760°C, pass in argon gas for degassing and refining, and remove slag after refining;
(3)静置：将精炼后的铝合金熔液静置，待铝合金熔液温度降至730～740℃；(3) Stand still: put the refined aluminum alloy melt to rest until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt drops to 730-740°C;
(4)铸造：将经步骤(3)处理后的铝合金熔液通过热顶式铸造机进行成型铸造，铸造过程中，铸造速度控制在80～85mm/min，冷却水水压控制在0.07～0.12MPa，铝合金熔液的温度保持在730～740℃，最终铸造获得铝合金铸棒成品。(4) Casting: The molten aluminum alloy treated in step (3) is molded and casted through a hot-top casting machine. During the casting process, the casting speed is controlled at 80-85mm/min, and the cooling water pressure is controlled at 0.07- 0.12MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is kept at 730-740°C, and finally cast to obtain the finished aluminum alloy cast rod.
采用上述铝合金铸棒，通过常规的低压铸造法制造铝合金轮毂，所获得的铝合金轮毂成品，在室温条件下的主要力学性能为：抗拉强度为375MPa，屈服强度为291MPa，延伸率为14.9％。Using the above-mentioned aluminum alloy cast rod, the aluminum alloy wheel hub is manufactured by the conventional low-pressure casting method. The main mechanical properties of the obtained aluminum alloy wheel hub at room temperature are: the tensile strength is 375MPa, the yield strength is 291MPa, and the elongation is 14.9%.
实施例2Example 2
一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒，各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.5％、Mo0.05％、Mg1.3％、Zn0.1％、Ti0.3％、B0.03％、Mn0.06％、Zr0.03％、Er0.03％、Gd0.02％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al。An aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheel hubs, the mass percentages of the components are: Si0.5%, Mo0.05%, Mg1.3%, Zn0.1%, Ti0.3%, B0.03%, Mn0. 06%, Zr0.03%, Er0.03%, Gd0.02%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and non-metals does not exceed 0.5%, and the rest is Al.
上述铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast rod for casting the wheel hub comprises the following steps:
(1)熔化：将铝原料和镁、硅成分及覆盖剂在熔炼炉中熔化至700～720℃，然后加入除了铝、镁、硅之外的其他合金成分，继续升温至740～750℃，待合金元素全部熔化后得铝合金熔液；(1) Melting: Melt the aluminum raw material, magnesium, silicon components and covering agent in a melting furnace to 700-720°C, then add other alloy components except aluminum, magnesium, and silicon, and continue to heat up to 740-750°C, After all the alloying elements are melted, the aluminum alloy melt is obtained;
(2)精炼：将铝合金熔液的温度调整至730～740℃，喷入精炼剂进行精炼处理，然后升温至750-760℃，通入氩气进行除气精炼，精炼后扒渣；(2) Refining: Adjust the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 730-740°C, spray into the refining agent for refining treatment, then raise the temperature to 750-760°C, pass in argon gas for degassing and refining, and remove slag after refining;
(3)静置：将精炼后的铝合金熔液静置，待铝合金熔液温度降至730～740℃；(3) Stand still: put the refined aluminum alloy melt to rest until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt drops to 730-740°C;
(4)铸造：将经步骤(3)处理后的铝合金熔液通过热顶式铸造机进行成型铸造，铸造过程中，铸造速度控制在80～85mm/min，冷却水水压控制在0.07～0.12MPa，铝合金熔液的温度保持在730～740℃，最终铸造获得铝合金铸棒成品。(4) Casting: The molten aluminum alloy treated in step (3) is molded and casted through a hot-top casting machine. During the casting process, the casting speed is controlled at 80-85mm/min, and the cooling water pressure is controlled at 0.07- 0.12MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is kept at 730-740°C, and finally cast to obtain the finished aluminum alloy cast rod.
采用上述铝合金铸棒，通过常规的低压铸造法制造铝合金轮毂，所获得的铝合金轮毂成品，在室温条件下的主要力学性能为：抗拉强度为327MPa，屈服强度为279MPa，延伸率为13.2％。The above-mentioned aluminum alloy cast rod is used to manufacture aluminum alloy wheels by conventional low-pressure casting method. The main mechanical properties of the obtained aluminum alloy wheels at room temperature are: tensile strength 327MPa, yield strength 279MPa, elongation 13.2%.
实施例3Example 3
一种铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒，各成分的质量百分比分别为：Si0.9％、Mo0.11％、Mg1.8％、Zn0.3％、Ti0.8％、B0.06％、Mn0.15％、Zr0.08％、Er0.08％、Gd0.04％，其他金属及非金属的杂质元素总量不超过0.5％，其余为Al。An aluminum alloy cast rod for casting wheels, the mass percentages of the components are: Si0.9%, Mo0.11%, Mg1.8%, Zn0.3%, Ti0.8%, B0.06%, Mn0. 15%, Zr0.08%, Er0.08%, Gd0.04%, the total amount of impurity elements of other metals and non-metals does not exceed 0.5%, and the rest is Al.
上述铸造轮毂用铝合金铸棒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast rod for casting the wheel hub comprises the following steps:
(1)熔化：将铝原料和镁、硅成分及覆盖剂在熔炼炉中熔化至700～720℃，然后加入除了铝、镁、硅之外的其他合金成分，继续升温至740～750℃，待合金元素全部熔化后得铝合金熔液；(1) Melting: Melt aluminum raw materials, magnesium, silicon components and covering agent in a melting furnace to 700-720°C, then add other alloy components except aluminum, magnesium, and silicon, and continue to heat up to 740-750°C, After all the alloying elements are melted, the aluminum alloy melt is obtained;
(2)精炼：将铝合金熔液的温度调整至730～740℃，喷入精炼剂进行精炼处理，然后升温至750-760℃，通入氩气进行除气精炼，精炼后扒渣；(2) Refining: Adjust the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 730-740°C, spray into the refining agent for refining treatment, then raise the temperature to 750-760°C, pass in argon gas for degassing and refining, and remove slag after refining;
(3)静置：将精炼后的铝合金熔液静置，待铝合金熔液温度降至730～740℃；(3) Stand still: put the refined aluminum alloy melt to rest until the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt drops to 730-740°C;
(4)铸造：将经步骤(3)处理后的铝合金熔液通过热顶式铸造机进行成型铸造，铸造过程中，铸造速度控制在80～85mm/min，冷却水水压控制在0.07～0.12MPa，铝合金熔液的温度保持在730～740℃，最终铸造获得铝合金铸棒成品。(4) Casting: The molten aluminum alloy treated in step (3) is molded and casted through a hot-top casting machine. During the casting process, the casting speed is controlled at 80-85mm/min, and the cooling water pressure is controlled at 0.07- 0.12MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is kept at 730-740°C, and finally cast to obtain the finished aluminum alloy cast rod.
采用上述铝合金铸棒，通过常规的低压铸造法制造铝合金轮毂，所获得的铝合金轮毂成品，在室温条件下的主要力学性能为：抗拉强度为372MPa，屈服强度为290MPa，延伸率为14.8％。Using the above-mentioned aluminum alloy cast rod, the aluminum alloy wheel hub is manufactured by the conventional low-pressure casting method. The main mechanical properties of the obtained aluminum alloy wheel hub at room temperature are: the tensile strength is 372MPa, the yield strength is 290MPa, and the elongation is 14.8%.
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