CN105483390A - Waste aluminum skimming regeneration short-process forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a waste aluminum skimming regeneration short-process forming method. The method comprises the steps that firstly, waste aluminum skimmings are put into a smasher to be smashed, and heavy impurities in the waste aluminum skimmings are thrown out; then, the waste aluminum skimmings smashed by the smasher are dried and subjected to impurity removal, and oil dirt, water and other impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum skimmings are removed; the dried waste aluminum skimmings subjected to impurity removal are put into a high-pressure rotate-compressing and expand-extruding barrel, and the extruding barrel is heated; then, a rotating press is started, and rotate-compressing and expanding large-plasticity extruding forming is carried out on the waste aluminum skimmngs in the extruding barrel; finally, a product is cooled. By means of the method, the waste aluminum skimmings are directly processed into the aluminum alloy product, the problems such as high aluminum skimming burning loss, low efficiency and serious pollution in the traditional waste aluminum skimming recovery process are solved, smelting, ingot casting and other links in the traditional technology are omitted, and the advantages of being short in process and environmentally friendly, saving energy and the like are achieved.

Description

A Short Process Forming Method for Recycling Waste Aluminum Shavings

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling and forming processing of waste aluminum chips, in particular relates to a method for recycling and reprocessing waste aluminum chips by adopting a large plastic deformation method, and belongs to a method for recycling and reshaping nonferrous metals and their alloy wastes, in particular to a kind of waste aluminum Chip recycling short-flow forming method.

technical background

Aluminum alloys generate a lot of waste during processing. In recent years, the world's wheel hub production center has shifted to China, and domestic auto wheel hub production has grown rapidly. In 2014, the domestic output of automobile wheels was about 208 million pieces. Based on the 10Kg/piece of aluminum alloy wheels for cars and a machining allowance of 10%, the aluminum shavings produced by the machining of aluminum alloy wheels alone reached 208,000 tons in 2014. In the first half of 2015, the output of passenger car engines in my country was about 9.763 million units. According to the calculation of the engine block blank of 30Kg/set and the machining allowance of 10%, in the first half of 2015, the aluminum chips produced by the machining of the engine block alone reached 30,000 tons. .

At present, aluminum alloy waste is mainly recovered by remelting, vacuum distillation and electrolytic refining. Vacuum distillation and electrolytic refining have complex processes, strict process control and high cost. Remelting aluminum scrap recycling mainly adopts rotary furnace, shaft furnace, reverberatory furnace, dry furnace and induction furnace to recycle and regenerate. During the remelting process of aluminum waste, the oxidation is serious, the loss is large, and the recovery efficiency is low. In order to solve the above problems, the international community is actively discussing and developing more reasonable and scientific aluminum alloy waste recycling technology. Direct recovery and regeneration can effectively avoid the shortcomings in the remelting process, and has the advantages of short process, low energy consumption, and less exhaust gas emissions, and has attracted widespread attention. The recycling of aluminum alloy scrap by the direct regeneration method reduces the process, improves the efficiency, reduces the cost, and has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a short-process forming method for recycling waste aluminum chips, which performs compression-expansion large plastic deformation on the pretreated waste aluminum chips, and combines the waste materials together through metallurgical bonding during the deformation process. It is then extruded to produce wire, profiles and tubes.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions in order to achieve the above object:

A short-process forming method for recycled aluminum waste:

The first step is to put the waste aluminum chips into the crusher to crush the waste aluminum chips, and at the same time throw out the heavier debris in the waste aluminum chips;

The second step is to put the waste aluminum chips crushed by the crusher into the drying and impurity removal device for drying and removal of impurities such as oil and water on the surface of the waste aluminum chips; the drying and impurity removal device is an inclined rotary furnace , the inclination angle is 30-45°, the rotation speed is 1-10r/min, the drying and impurity removal temperature is 100-500°C, and the drying and impurity removal time is 10-120min;

The third step is to put the waste aluminum shavings after drying and removing impurities into the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder, and heat the extrusion cylinder at a heating temperature of 100-600°C and a heating time of 10-100min.

The fourth step is to start the rotary press to compress-expand large plastic extrusion on the waste aluminum chips in the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder. The rotary press first performs rotary shear deformation on the waste aluminum chips. Before entering the compression hole of the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder, it has been compressed into a columnar aluminum block, and a large deformation has occurred inside the scrap aluminum scraps. As the pressure of the rotary press continues to increase, the aluminum block compressed into a columnar shape enters High-pressure rotary compression-expand the compression hole of the extrusion cylinder, the aluminum block continues to undergo compression deformation, the diameter of the columnar aluminum block is further reduced, and the diameter-reduced columnar aluminum block enters the expansion cavity from the compression hole, and the diameter of the aluminum block increases at this time , the forming die is installed at the outlet of the expansion cavity, and the aluminum block is formed by the forming die; during the forming process, the diameter of the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder is 20-400mm, the diameter of the compression hole is 10-300mm, and the diameter of the expansion hole is 20- 1000mm; the forming mold can be wire, profile and pipe etc.

In the fifth step, the aluminum products are cooled online through the cooling system, and the cooling adopts the water cooling method, and the cooling water flow rate is 1-20L/min.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the present invention, the aluminum alloy waste is firstly pretreated, and the waste aluminum scrap is loaded into a crusher to crush the aluminum scrap, and at the same time, the heavier sundries in the aluminum scrap are thrown out, and the crushed aluminum scrap is directly entered into a drying device for drying. Drying and heating to evaporate the oil and water on the aluminum scraps, so as to prepare aluminum scraps with high purity; then compress-extend the large plastic deformation of the pretreated aluminum scraps to realize direct processing from aluminum scraps Processing and forming; the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The present invention realizes the direct processing of waste aluminum chips into aluminum alloy products, which saves the steps of smelting and ingot casting in the traditional technology, and has the advantages of short process, low energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection.

(2) The present invention overcomes the problems of high burning loss, low efficiency, and serious pollution of aluminum scraps in the traditional recycling process of aluminum scraps, effectively increases the utilization rate of aluminum scraps, and saves aluminum energy.

(3) The aluminum product prepared by the present invention has high density and excellent microstructure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a short-flow forming method for regeneration of waste aluminum shavings according to the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Waste aluminum chips; 2. Crusher; 3. Crusher wheel; 4. Drying and impurity removal device; 5. High-pressure rotary compression-expanding extrusion cylinder; 6. Refractory brick; 7. Resistance wire; 1. Rotary press; 9. Extrusion rod; 10. Compression hole; 11. Expansion cavity; 12. Forming mold; 13. Cooling system.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

A short-process forming method for recycling waste aluminum shavings, the process of which is shown in Figure 1.

First, put the waste aluminum scrap 1 into the crusher 2, crush the scrap aluminum scrap 1, and throw out the heavier sundries in the scrap aluminum scrap 1 at the same time; The crusher wheel 3, the crusher 2 crushes the waste aluminum scrap 1, so that the size of the scrap aluminum scrap 1 is uniform;

Then, put the waste aluminum chips 1 crushed by the crusher 2 into the drying and impurity removal device 4 to dry and remove impurities, and remove impurities such as oil and water on the surface of the waste aluminum chips 1; the drying and impurity removal device 4 It is an inclined rotary furnace with an inclination angle of 30-45°, a rotation speed of 1-10r/min, a drying and impurity removal temperature of 100-500°C, and a drying and impurity removal time of 10-120min;

Next, put the waste aluminum shavings 1 after drying and removing impurities into the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5, and heat the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5 with refractory bricks 6 and electric heating wires 7 Combination heating, the heating temperature is 100-600°C, and the heating time is 10-100min.

Afterwards, start the rotary press 8 to perform compression-expansion large plastic extrusion on the waste aluminum chips 1 in the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5, and the rotary press 8 is driven to be arranged in the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5 The extrusion rod 9 performs rotary shear deformation on the scrap aluminum scrap 1, and the scrap aluminum scrap 1 has been compressed into a columnar aluminum block before entering the compression hole 10 of the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5, and the scrap aluminum scrap 1 is internally deformed. Larger deformation, along with the pressure of the rotary press 8 constantly increases, the aluminum block that is pressed into the columnar shape enters the compression hole 10 of the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion barrel 5, and the inside of the aluminum block continues to compress and deform, and the columnar aluminum block Block diameter is further reduced, and the columnar aluminum block that diameter reduces enters expansion cavity 11 from compression hole 10, and the diameter of aluminum block increases at this moment, and forming die 12 is installed in expansion cavity 11 outlets, and aluminum block utilizes forming die 12 to form; During the forming process, the diameter of the extrusion cylinder of the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder 5 is 20-400mm, the diameter of the compression hole 10 is 10-300mm, and the diameter of the expansion chamber 11 is 20-1000mm; the forming die 12 can be wire rod, profile and Pipe etc.

In the fifth step, the aluminum product is cooled online through the cooling system 13, and the cooling adopts a water cooling method, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 1-20 L/min.

Example 1:

Adopt this method to prepare A356 aluminum alloy wire rod step as follows:

The first step is to put the waste aluminum chips into the crusher to crush the large pieces of aluminum chips, and at the same time throw out the heavier sundries in the aluminum chips;

The second step is to put the waste aluminum chips crushed by the crusher into the drying and impurity removal device for drying and removal of impurities such as oil and water on the surface of the waste aluminum chips. The drying and impurity removal device is an inclined rotary furnace. The inclination angle is 30°, the rotation speed is 5-6r/min, the drying and impurity removal temperature is 100-200°C, and the drying and impurity removal time is 20-50min;

The third step is to put the aluminum chips after drying and removing impurities into the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion cylinder, and heat the extrusion cylinder at a heating temperature of 300-400 °C and a heating time of 10-20 minutes;

The fourth step is to start the press to compress and expand the aluminum chips in the extrusion cylinder for large plastic extrusion molding; during the forming process, the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 100mm, the diameter of the compression hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the expansion cavity is 100mm; Using wire forming mold;

In the fifth step, the prepared aluminum alloy wire rod is cooled online, and the cooling water flow rate is 10 L/min.

Example 2:

Adopt the method of the present invention to prepare A356 aluminum alloy tubing step as follows:

The first step is to put the waste aluminum chips into the crusher to crush the large pieces of aluminum chips, and at the same time throw out the heavier debris in the waste aluminum chips;

The second step is to put the waste aluminum chips crushed by the crusher into the drying and impurity removal device for drying and removal of impurities, mainly to remove oil and water and other impurities on the surface of the waste aluminum chips; the drying and impurity removal device is an inclined rotary Furnace with an inclination angle of 40°, a rotation speed of 8-10r/min, a drying and impurity removal temperature of 100-200°C, and a drying and impurity removal time of 20-50min;

The third step is to put the aluminum chips after drying and removing impurities into the high-pressure rotary compression-expansion extrusion machine, and heat the extrusion cylinder at a heating temperature of 400-450°C and a heating time of 20-40 minutes;

The fourth step is to start the press to compress and expand the aluminum chips in the extrusion cylinder for large plastic extrusion molding; during the forming process, the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 60mm, the diameter of the compression hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the expansion cavity is 60mm; Pipe forming molds are used;

In the fifth step, the product is cooled online, and the cooling water flow rate is 20L/min.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Those of ordinary skill in the art may make other modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and spirit of the technical solution of the present invention. All should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. an aluminium scrap bits regeneration short route manufacturing process, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:

Aluminium scrap bits are put into crusher by the first step, carry out fragmentation to aluminium scrap bits, heavier foreign material in aluminium scrap bits are thrown away simultaneously;

Aluminium scrap bits through crusher in crushing process are put into oven dry knot screen and are carried out oven dry removal of impurities by second step, remove the impurity such as the surperficial greasy dirt of aluminium scrap bits and water;

3rd step, puts into high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder inside by through drying the bits of the aluminium scrap after removal of impurities, and heats high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder;

4th step, start rotary press, aluminium scrap bits in high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder are compressed-expand large plastic extrusion, first rotary press carries out rotational shear distortion to aluminium scrap bits, column aluminium block had been compressed to before aluminium scrap bits enter the compressing hole of high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder, along with the pressure of rotary press constantly increases, the aluminium block being pressed into column enters the compressing hole of high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder, the aluminium block diameter of column reduces further, the column aluminium block that diameter reduces enters from compressing hole and expands chamber, in extended cavity outlet, shaping dies is installed, aluminium block utilizes shaping dies to form,

5th step, carries out on-line cooling to the aluminum products be shaped.

2. a kind of aluminium scrap bits regeneration short route manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oven dry knot screen in described second step is the rotary oven tilted, pitch angle is 30-45 °, speed of rotation is 1-10r/min, the temperature of drying removal of impurities is 100-500 DEG C, dries except miscellaneous time is 10-120min.

3. a kind of aluminium scrap bits regeneration short route manufacturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder Heating temperature in described 3rd step is 100-600 DEG C, and heat-up time is 10-100min.

4. a kind of aluminium scrap bits regeneration short route manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in extrusion process described in described 4th step, high-pressure rotary compression-expending extrusion cylinder diameter is 20-400mm, and compressing hole diameter is 10-300mm, and extending bore diameter is 20-1000mm; Described shaping dies can be wire rod, section bar and pipe mold.

5. a kind of aluminium scrap bits regeneration short route manufacturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the on-line cooling in described 5th step adopts water cooling, and described cooling water flow is 1-20L/min.