CN105454658A - Preparation method of feather fermentation protein feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of feather fermented protein feed, which is characterized by adding 20-30 liters of inorganic salt culture medium per kilogram of feathers, mixing, sterilizing at 115-121°C for 15-20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature; according to 3 Inoculate the Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid in the inorganic salt culture medium that adds feathers at a volume ratio of -5%; feed 0.15-0.18 cubic meters of sterile air per minute per cubic meter of solution to carry out ventilation and fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ° C , until the feathers are completely dissolved; after filtering the fermented liquid to remove impurities, add 6-7% corn flour and 4-5% bran to the filtrate, mix well, dry, and granulate to obtain fermented feathers protein feed. The content of soluble protein in the fermented liquid of the method of the present invention reaches 31.4-34.3g/L; the fermented protein feed made of cornmeal, bran and flour as auxiliary materials has a mass percentage of crude protein of 28.6-29.5% and an in vitro digestibility of 89.5% -92.4%. The protein feed prepared by the method of the invention has natural corn and wheat aroma, good palatability, and helps digestion and growth.

Description

A kind of preparation method of feather fermented protein feed

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of microbial fermented protein feed, and in particular relates to a preparation method of feather fermented protein feed.

technical background

The feathers of birds are mainly composed of protein. Although the quality of different feathers is slightly different, the types of amino acids that make up feather proteins are the same. The world's annual feather production can reach hundreds of millions of tons, and it is still increasing year by year. Large-scale poultry farming in my country produces a large amount of keratin waste, especially feather waste. Poultry feathers contain a large amount of potentially useful proteins and amino acids. The protein content of poultry feather stems is over 85%, of which about 80% is keratin, which is an insoluble protein with a fibrous structure, high stability, good elasticity, and swelling It is small in nature, completely insoluble in water, salt solution and other solvents, and cannot be directly digested and absorbed by animals.

my country is rich in feather keratin resources, if properly utilized, it can be used as high-quality feed protein to improve the quality of feather protein, reduce the use of fish meal and soybean protein in feed, and thus promote the development of the breeding industry. However, because the structure of feather protein is stable and extremely difficult to degrade, finding a suitable feather processing and degradation method is the key to studying the degradation of keratin.

At present, the main processing methods of feather keratin at home and abroad include enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical hydrolysis and physical hydrolysis.

Enzymatic hydrolysis mainly uses keratinase to degrade keratin, turning it into small molecular weight peptides or amino acids, and decomposing insoluble keratin into soluble protein. For example, "Preparation of Chicken Feather Protein Powder Using Extrusion-Enzymolysis Combination Technology" reported in "Food and Feed Industry" (2012, 07: p52-55), studied the process parameters of enzymolysis. Although the chicken feather soluble protein mass fraction used in it reaches 41.2%, this method generally takes a long time, and the products are mostly polypeptides with low molecular weight, and it is difficult to find suitable decomposing enzymes, and the decomposition rate is slow. High cost is also one of its disadvantages.

The chemical hydrolysis method is divided into acid method and alkali method, which is to treat keratin with acid and alkali solutions such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, peracetic acid and sodium hydroxide. For example, "Feed Industry" (1989, No. 4: p29-30) reported "Feather Production of High-Protein Feed Technology and Finished Product Analysis", which adopted the method of rinsing the feathers and adding a certain amount of water in a pressure cooker. Hydrolyze with acid or alkali under certain pressure and time, then neutralize the hydrolyzed feather protein solution with alkali or acid, dry under reduced pressure, and pulverize to obtain feed hydrolyzed feather protein powder. However, this method will cause changes in the configuration of amino acids, completely destroy tryptophan, and partially destroy tyrosine and serine. The hydrolysis yield and product quality are worse than those of the acid hydrolysis method, and it takes a long time and consumes a lot of energy, resulting in a large amount of waste. Acid pollutants are not easy to handle, causing secondary pollution to the environment, and the salt remaining in the product after chemical hydrolysis is difficult to remove, making the product susceptible to moisture and deterioration.

The high-temperature steam method commonly used in the physical hydrolysis method is to put the raw material feathers or feather stems into the reactor, and pass high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the reactor for hydrolysis. After a period of time, the water is distilled out in vacuum, and the product is released while it is hot. Cold, pulverizes and promptly gets feather protein powder, for example " the research and development of feather meal production protein feed " of " Hebei Chemical Industry " (the 1st period of 1990: p26-28) report, the key of this method is to control pressure and temperature, but due to The process equipment used is backward, it is difficult to control the process parameters, the quality of the obtained product is unstable, and the protein will be severely denatured due to high temperature and high pressure, resulting in low amino acid digestibility.

Also have the above-mentioned enzymatic hydrolysis method, chemical method and the operation that physical method is organically combined to carry out, as " a kind of feather protein powder and preparation method thereof " that Chinese invention patent authorized announcement number CN101653188B announces, adopts high-pressure steam explosion technology to carry out steam explosion treatment to feather Finally, enzymolysis treatment is carried out to make it into soluble small peptides and amino acids, and after the enzyme is inactivated, it is dried and pulverized to obtain feather protein powder. However, this method also has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and protein denaturation under high pressure.

In summary, due to the current existing methods of processing feathers into feather protein powder, there are problems such as high cost, low efficiency, high energy consumption, large pollution, residual chemical reagents, destruction of certain nutrients, and more anti-nutritional components. Poultry feathers have not been rationally utilized for a long time, or have been used as fertilizers or thrown away in vain. After the feathers are discarded, they seriously pollute the environment and become a breeding ground for germs and mosquitoes, which poses a hazard to livestock, poultry and humans. , but also a huge waste of resources.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing feather fermented protein feed, so as to retain the biologically active peptides of animal protein, better utilize feather protein resources and be beneficial to environmental protection.

The preparation method of the feather fermented protein feed of the present invention first washes and dries the poultry feather raw material, and is characterized in that the feather keratin is degraded into soluble protein by microbial fermentation, and then corn flour and bran are added to the fermented liquid to prepare Protein feed, that is: add 20-30 liters of inorganic salt medium per kilogram of dry feathers, mix, sterilize at 115-121°C for 15-20 minutes, and cool to room temperature; add feathers at a volume ratio of 3-5% Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid is inoculated in the inorganic salt culture medium; Pass into aseptic air and carry out ventilated fermentation by aeration rate 0.15-0.18vvm (in per cubic meter of solution, the cubic meter number of passing air per minute), the control fermentation temperature is 30 -37°C, ferment until the feathers are completely dissolved; filter the fermented liquid to remove impurities, add 6-7% corn flour and 4-5% bran to the filtrate, mix well, and dry until the water content is less than 15% % weight, granulation, promptly obtains feather fermented protein feed;

The inorganic salt medium is to add 0.5g ammonium chloride, 0.5g sodium chloride, 0.3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.24g magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.1g yeast extract in every liter of water, adjust Its pH is 9;

The Bacillus licheniformis seed solution is prepared by inoculating Bacillus licheniformis MML2501 from a preserved slant to the proportion of beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, sodium chloride 5g and water 1000ml, and the pH is adjusted to 7.2-7.4 Licheniformis liquid medium, 35-37 ℃, 180r/min shaker culture for 20-24 hours, the obtained Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid; The Bacillus licheniformis MML2501 is provided by the China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center.

The poultry feather raw material can be chicken, duck or/and goose feathers selected from slaughterhouses, or down processing leftovers; it can be used directly without cutting.

Compared with the enzymatic hydrolysis method, chemical hydrolysis method and physical hydrolysis method commonly used for processing feather protein powder at home and abroad, the present invention uses specific microorganisms to ferment feathers under certain conditions, converts feather insoluble keratin into soluble protein, and utilizes fermentation liquid Add a certain proportion of corn flour and bran to prepare protein feed. The feathers used in the fermentation do not need puffing, steam explosion or cutting, and only need to be simply cleaned and dried, with low energy consumption; after fermentation, the feathers are completely dissolved and transformed into liquid , all used as feed, no new waste generated, high efficiency, no pollution; no acid, alkali used in the fermentation process, no chemical reagent residue; due to the use of microorganisms to degrade the characteristics of feathers to produce soluble protein, the nutrients are completely retained. The protein feed prepared by the method of the present invention, in addition to the fermented liquid of the feathers fermented by microorganisms, also adds corn flour and bran, which effectively improves the crude protein content, palatability and fragrance of the feed. The feather powder obtained by enzymolysis technology, chemical hydrolysis and physical hydrolysis directly has the advantage of being significantly improved as feed, and the soluble protein content in the fermented liquid obtained after adopting the feather fermentation of the present invention is 31.4-34.3g/L; The crude protein content in the fermented protein feed made of flour and bran as auxiliary materials reaches 28.6-29.5% by mass, and the in vitro digestibility reaches 89.5-92.4%; Good sex, helps digestion and promotes growth.

detailed description

Example 1:

Dry chicken feathers are added to 30 liters of inorganic salt medium according to every kilogram of feathers. 0.4g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.24g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.1g of yeast extract, and use 0.05-0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust its pH to 9; after mixing, extinguish at 115°C bacterium for 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature; according to the volume ratio of 3% inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid in the culture medium; described Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid is Bacillus licheniformis MML2501 provided by China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center, Inoculate the preserved slant to a liquid prepared according to the proportion of beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, sodium chloride 5g and water 1000ml, and adjust its pH to 7.2-7.4 with 0.05-0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution In the medium, 35-37 ℃, 180r/min shaker culture for 20-24 hours, the obtained Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid; feed sterile air for ventilation and fermentation, the ventilation rate is 0.18vvm, and the temperature of the fermenter is controlled at 30 -37°C, ferment for 6 days, observe that the feathers are completely dissolved to end the fermentation, filter the fermentation liquid to remove impurities, and the soluble protein content in the obtained fermentation liquid is 31.4-34.3g/L;

Then add 6-7% of corn flour and 4-5% of bran to the fermentation filtrate according to mass percentage, mix well, dry until the water content is less than 15% by weight, and then granulate to obtain fermented protein feed for feathers.

By adding corn flour and bran to the fermentation filtrate according to different mass percentages, feeds with different formulations can be obtained. The crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of animals in each feed were measured, and distilled water was used instead of the filtrate as a control. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1 Add and do not add the comparison of feather fermented protein feed

serial number feed ratio Crude protein,% In vitro digestibility, % Control ingredients Crude protein,% In vitro digestibility, % 1 6%a+4%b+100mlc 29.339 91.073 6%a+4%b+100ml d 27.850 87.516 2 7%a+4%b+100mlc 28.550 92.349 7%a+4%b+100ml d 25.079 87.795 3 6%a+5%b+100mlc 29.258 89.567 6%a+5%b+100ml d 28.589 87.821 4 7%a+5%b+100mlc 28.669 90.857 7%a+5%b+100ml d 26.969 88.721

Note: a corn flour; b bran; c feather fermented liquid; d distilled water.

The poultry feather raw material used in the present invention can also be selected from chicken, duck or/and goose feathers in slaughterhouses, or leftovers from down processing; it can be used directly without cutting.

It can be seen from Table 1 that the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the feed with the same ratio of corn flour and bran were significantly higher than that of the feed with the same ratio and added with feather fermentation liquid. The mass percent of crude protein in the fermented protein feed made of corn flour and bran as auxiliary materials reaches 28.6-29.5%, and the in vitro digestibility reaches 89.5-92.4%. The protein feed prepared by the method of the invention has natural corn and wheat fragrance, good palatability, and helps digestion and growth. The fermented liquid obtained by fermenting the feathers in the present invention can be used as the protein source in the substrate feed.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of feather fermented protein feed, first the poultry feather raw material is washed and dried, characterized in that: adding 20-30 liters of inorganic salt medium per kilogram of dry feather, mixing, and extinguishing at 115-121°C Bacteria for 15-20 minutes, cooled to room temperature; according to the volume ratio of 3-5%, inoculate the Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid into the inorganic salt medium added with feathers; feed 0.15-0.18 cubic meters of sterile air per minute per cubic meter of solution The rice is ventilated and fermented at a controlled temperature of 30-37°C until the feathers are completely dissolved; after filtering the fermented liquid to remove impurities, add 6-7% corn flour and 4-5% bran to the filtrate, After mixing evenly, drying until the water content is less than 15% by weight, and pelleting, the feather fermented protein feed is obtained; The inorganic salt medium is to add 0.5g ammonium chloride, 0.5g sodium chloride, 0.3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.24g magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 0.1g yeast extract in every liter of water, adjust Its pH is 9; The Bacillus licheniformis seed solution is prepared by inoculating Bacillus licheniformis MML2501 from a preserved slant to the proportion of beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, sodium chloride 5g and water 1000ml, and the pH is adjusted to 7.2-7.4 In the liquid culture medium, 35-37 ℃, 180r/min shaker culture 20-24 hours, the obtained Bacillus licheniformis seed liquid.