CN105445374A - Ultrasonic phased array detection method for fir type blade roots of nuclear main turbine - Google Patents
Ultrasonic phased array detection method for fir type blade roots of nuclear main turbine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection of a steam turbine for a nuclear power station, particularly relates to an ultrasonic phased array detection method for fir type blade roots of a nuclear main turbine and aims to adopt an ultrasonic phased array detection technology to overcome the defects of small space between blades, complicated blade root structure, signal identification difficulty and the like of conventional ultrasonic detection in a state that blades of a low-pressure rotor of the nuclear main turbine are not dismounted. Four scanning modes are adopted for cross scanning to realize full-area coverage of first tooth roots of the blades and partial coverage of second and third tooth roots, and the defects are accurately quantified, so that the accident of breakage of the blade roots of the blades of the nuclear main turbine is prevented. The method is characterized by comprising steps of system calibration, detection starting and display judgment and quantification. The method has the advantages as follows: ultrasonic detection is carried out without dismounting and mounting of the blades, and the maintenance time is shortened; the four scanning modes are adopted for cross scanning and mutually complemented, and full-area coverage detection of the first tooth root parts of the fir type blade roots is realized; fan-shaped scanning and deep focusing can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steam turbine for nuclear power station equipment technical field of nondestructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method.
Background technology
Nuclear steam turbine (NuclearMainTurbine, NMT) is the large-scale important rotating machinery of nuclear power station, and a part of nuclear steam turbine low-pressure rotor blade root is designed to circular arc fir-tree type, as shown in Figure 1.The working stress of fir-tree root reaches maximum value at the first tooth root place usually.In steam turbine Long-Time Service process, load, temperature, stress and Steam-water Quality change etc. mainly affect the safe operation of blade from the damage of blade root high cycle fatigue and stress corrosion, and the material integrity risk of the first tooth root is maximum, there is nuclear steam turbine low-pressure rotor blade first tooth root transverse breakage accident at run duration in domestic nuclear power plant unit.
At present, the domestic conventional Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement for nuclear steam turbine blade fir-tree type root has the following disadvantages:
(1) surface nondestructive detection technique (magnetic and Liquid Penetrant) can only detect blade surface and root of blade end face, helpless to the inherent vice of root; What the sensitivity of existing EDDY CURRENT did not reach blind crack detects requirement, and cannot realize all standing of surveyed area.
(2) fir-tree root is large along rotor axial thickness, and geometric configuration sudden change is more, and the structural return that conventional ultrasound detects is more assorted, and various reflected signal is overlapping, is difficult to distinguish from the display of A shape.
(3) the blade spacing of assembling on rotor is less, and ultrasonic probe operation space is restricted, and needs whole for blade circle dismounting to carry out Ultrasonic Detection inside teeth groove.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is under the state of blade not dismantling nuclear steam turbine low pressure rotor, adopt ultrasonic phase array detection technique, overcome conventional Ultrasound to detect because of deficiencies such as spacing between blade are narrow and small, leaf and root structure is complicated, Signal analysis is difficult, by the scanning of four kinds of scanning modes intersections, realize blade first tooth root full volumetric to cover and the covering of second and third root portions, and accurate quantitative analysis is carried out to defect, to prevent the generation of turbine blade root fracture accident.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: system calibrating;
Step 1.1: testing tool performance
Carrying out system calibrating or before again demarcating, test the vertical linearity of phased array supersonic instrument, horizontal linearity, require that phased array supersonic instrument vertical linearity error is no more than 5%, horizontal linearity error is no more than 2%;
Step 1.2: sensitivity is arranged
First complete probe delay and angle gain compensation demarcation on the R100 circular arc of reference block after; Then in reference block, find the maximum amplitude of the dark crescent of the 1.5mm of its correspondence respectively, wave amplitude is transferred to 80% of phased array supersonic instrument screen height, now the gain of phased array supersonic instrument is as reference sensitivity H0;
Step 2: start to detect;
The full volumetric adopting 4 scanning modes to realize blade root first tooth root successively covers and detects:
(1) scanning mode 1
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on it tested blade outer arc lateral lobe, move in outer arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, and acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of inner arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of inner arc side;
(2) scanning mode 2
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on tested concave side of blade blade, move in inner arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at outer arc radial direction, and acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of outer arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of outer arc side;
(3) scanning mode 3
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, move along outer arc at shoulder, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be inner arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, inner arc side;
(4) scanning mode 4
Longitudinal wave probe 5L10-0.5*6 not with voussoir is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, at shoulder along moving into and out of vapour lateral edges, acoustic beam sector scan face along outer arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be outer arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, outer arc side;
Step 3: the judgement of display is with quantitative;
Step 3.1: judged in sector scan by the relative position of tested blade construction ripple and flaw echo during Identification display, is swept at B simultaneously and carries out observation to the position of echo in image and distinguish, judges tested blade whether existing defects;
Step 3.2: all defect being more than or equal to record threshold value is shown whole record, and represents with Hm/Ho (dB); Wherein, Hm is the maximum echoed signal amplitude of Flaw display; Ho is the echoed signal maximum amplitude of the artificial reflecting body of reference block; Then "-6dB the method " of maximum echo amplitude is adopted to measure the size of Flaw display.
The model of reference block as above is: the test block of CSK-I A type; Described reference block adopts the material fir-tree type blade processing identical with tested blade with condition of heat treatment to make, and be respectively provided with the dark crescent of two 0.5mm in the first tooth root steam admission side and steam output side two ends, be respectively provided with the dark crescent of three 1.5mm in the inner side of the dark crescent of 0.5mm; Described probe employing frequency is 5MHz, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is the phased array probe of 6mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention includes system calibrating, start the interpretation of detection and defect and quantitative step.The present invention has following features: (1) implements Ultrasonic Detection without the need to dismounting blade, shortens the repair time; (2) can realize detecting all standing at fir-tree root first tooth root position; (3) sector scan and deep focus can be realized; (4) broad beam and the detection of multifocal ultrasonic phase array can be realized; (5) use three-dimensional software to analyze complex structural member, the formulation of characterization processes can be facilitated; (6) the characterization processes Scanning sensitivity designed and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can meet detection demand, and the signal recording all 40% then can not omit the groove of dimensional depth 0.5mm; (7) testing result is affected by human factors little; (8) have real-time color imaging, multiple view shows simultaneously, is convenient to defect interpretation; (9) data are convenient to store, and manage and call; (10) detection speed is fast, and defect detection rate is high, has higher detection dirigibility and applicability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of steam turbine for nuclear power station vertical tree type blade;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the reference block of nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the reference block of nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 2, nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: system calibrating;
Step 1.1: testing tool performance
Carrying out system calibrating or before again demarcating, test the vertical linearity of phased array supersonic instrument, horizontal linearity, require that phased array supersonic instrument vertical linearity error is no more than 5%, horizontal linearity error is no more than 2%.
Step 1.2: sensitivity is arranged
First on the R100 circular arc of reference block, complete probe delay and angle gain compensation demarcation; Then in reference block, find the maximum amplitude of the dark crescent of the 1.5mm of its correspondence respectively, wave amplitude is transferred to about 80% of phased array supersonic instrument screen height, now the gain of phased array supersonic instrument is as reference sensitivity (H0).The model of described reference block is: the test block of CSK-I A type, as shown in Figure 3; Described reference block adopts the fir-tree type blade that material is identical with tested blade with condition of heat treatment, and be respectively provided with the dark crescent of two 0.5mm in the first tooth root air inlet side and two ends, side of giving vent to anger, the dark crescent of three 1.5mm is respectively provided with, as shown in Figure 4 in the inner side of the dark crescent of 0.5mm; Described probe employing frequency is 5MHz, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is the phased array probe of 6mm, selects the probe of different angles according to the difference of scanning mode.
Step 1.3 sensitivity is checked
The sensitivity set must every day inspection start time, manual examination (check) at interval of 4 hours, test ending every day time check.In addition, when operating personnel think generation drift, or also should check during replacement operation personnel.The concrete steps of checking are arranged with 1.2 sensitivity.
Step 2: start to detect;
The full volumetric adopting 4 scanning modes to realize blade root first tooth root successively covers and detects:
(1) scanning mode 1
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir (frequency is 5MHz, number of wafers is 12, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is 6mm, angular range be 30 ° ~ 70 °) is placed on it tested blade outer arc lateral lobe, move in outer arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of inner arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of inner arc side.
(2) scanning mode 2
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir (frequency is 5MHz, number of wafers is 12, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is 6mm, angular range be 30 ° ~ 70 °) is placed on tested concave side of blade blade, move in inner arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at outer arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of outer arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of outer arc side.
(3) scanning mode 3
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir (frequency is 5MHz, number of wafers is 12, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is 6mm, angular range be 30 ° ~ 70 °) is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, move along outer arc at shoulder, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be inner arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, inner arc side.
(4) scanning mode 4
Longitudinal wave probe 5L10-0.5*6 (frequency is 5MHz, number of wafers is 10, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is 6mm, angular range be-30 ° ~+30 °) not with voussoir is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, at shoulder along moving into and out of vapour lateral edges, acoustic beam sector scan face is along outer arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be outer arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, outer arc side.
Scanning mode 1 ~ 4 directly can carry out scanning with hand-held probe, and when moving in the small gap at blade, can use and extend handle and make probe gripper, the free and stable that can realize after using fixture popping one's head in moves.
Step 3: the judgement of display is with quantitative;
Step 3.1: judged in sector scan by the relative position of tested blade construction ripple and flaw echo during Identification display, is swept at B simultaneously and carries out observation to the position of echo in image and distinguish, judges tested blade whether existing defects.
Step 3.2: all defect display being more than or equal to record threshold value all should record, and represents with Hm/Ho (dB).Wherein, Hm is the maximum echoed signal amplitude of Flaw display; Ho is the echoed signal maximum amplitude of the artificial reflecting body of reference block."-6dB the method " of maximum echo amplitude is adopted to measure the size of Flaw display.
Claims (4)
1. a nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: system calibrating;
Step 1.1: testing tool performance
Carrying out system calibrating or before again demarcating, test the vertical linearity of phased array supersonic instrument, horizontal linearity, require that phased array supersonic instrument vertical linearity error is no more than 5%, horizontal linearity error is no more than 2%;
Step 1.2: sensitivity is arranged
First on the R100 circular arc of reference block, complete probe delay and angle gain compensation demarcation; Then in reference block, find the maximum amplitude of the dark crescent of the 1.5mm of its correspondence respectively, wave amplitude is transferred to 80% of phased array supersonic instrument screen height, now the gain of phased array supersonic instrument is as reference sensitivity H0;
Step 2: start to detect;
The full volumetric adopting 4 scanning modes to realize blade root first tooth root successively covers and detects:
(1) scanning mode 1
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on it tested blade outer arc lateral lobe, move in outer arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, and acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of inner arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of inner arc side;
(2) scanning mode 2
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on tested concave side of blade blade, move in inner arc central region, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at outer arc radial direction, and acoustic beam coverage is in the middle part of outer arc lateral lobe body, to detect the tooth root central region of outer arc side;
(3) scanning mode 3
The shear wave probe 5L12-0.5*6 of band voussoir is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, move along outer arc at shoulder, acoustic beam horizontal axis aims at inner arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be inner arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, inner arc side;
(4) scanning mode 4
Longitudinal wave probe 5L10-0.5*6 not with voussoir is placed on the shoulder of tested blade outer arc side, at shoulder along moving into and out of vapour lateral edges, acoustic beam sector scan face along outer arc radial direction, acoustic beam coverage be outer arc side into and out of vapour end, to detect tooth root region, end, two ends, outer arc side;
Step 3: the judgement of display is with quantitative;
Step 3.1: judged in sector scan by the relative position of tested blade construction ripple and flaw echo during Identification display, is swept at B simultaneously and carries out observation to the position of echo in image and distinguish, judges tested blade whether existing defects;
Step 3.2: all defect being more than or equal to record threshold value is shown whole record, and represents with Hm/Ho (dB); Wherein, Hm is the maximum echoed signal amplitude of Flaw display; Ho is the echoed signal maximum amplitude of the artificial reflecting body of reference block; Then "-6dB the method " of maximum echo amplitude is adopted to measure the size of Flaw display.
2. nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the model of described reference block is: the test block of CSK-I A type.
3. nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reference block adopts the material fir-tree type blade processing identical with tested blade with condition of heat treatment to make, respectively be provided with the dark crescent of two 0.5mm in the first tooth root steam admission side and steam output side two ends, be respectively provided with the dark crescent of three 1.5mm in the inner side of the dark crescent of 0.5mm.
4. nuclear steam turbine fir-tree type root of blade ultrasonic phase array detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the probe used in described step 1.2 adopts the phased array probe that frequency is 5MHz, wafer pitch is 0.5mm, wafer width is 6mm.
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| CN109060965A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-21 | 中国能源建设集团科技发展有限公司 | Turbine shaft to assembly fir-tree root longitudinal wave ultrasound examination dedicated reference test block |
| CN109696473A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-04-30 | 中电华创(苏州)电力技术研究有限公司 | A kind of steam turbine blade root phased array supersonic flaw detection reference block |
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| CN112083075A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-15 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Fir-tree-type blade root efficient detection device and method based on plane wave ultrasonic technology |
| CN112345641A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-09 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A test block and method for ultrasonic testing of steam turbine blades |
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| CN112834617A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-25 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Circular arc fir tree type blade root phased array ultrasonic detection method |
| CN112834617B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-07-07 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Circular arc fir type blade root phased array ultrasonic detection method |
| CN113155959A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-23 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Circular arc fir tree type blade root image identification method based on phased array detection |
| CN113155959B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2023-12-22 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Arc fir-type blade root image identification method based on phased array detection |
| CN113311066A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-08-27 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Steam turbine rotor rim reverse T-shaped blade root groove phased array ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method |
| CN113702497A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-26 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Inspection method for forked blade root of nuclear power plant |
| CN113702497B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2024-05-14 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Inspection method for fork-shaped blade root of nuclear power plant |
| CN113945634A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-18 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Steam turbine blade root phased array ultrasonic detection area determining method and device |
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