CN105428754A - Metal-air battery - Google Patents
Metal-air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105428754A CN105428754A CN201510762794.XA CN201510762794A CN105428754A CN 105428754 A CN105428754 A CN 105428754A CN 201510762794 A CN201510762794 A CN 201510762794A CN 105428754 A CN105428754 A CN 105428754A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CSSYKHYGURSRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)F CSSYKHYGURSRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/691—Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明创造涉及化学电池燃料技术领域，具体涉及一种金属空气电池。所述金属空气电池包括壳体、金属阳极、空气阴极和电解液腔，其中壳体内设有中间开孔的隔板，所述隔板将电解液腔分为上电解液腔和下电解液腔，所述上电解液腔位于金属阳极和空气阴极之间；所述金属阳极呈圆柱状且下端与隔板的开孔相对；所述空气阴极环绕金属阳极，其下端与所述隔板相连，其外侧连接有氧选择性膜；所述壳体的顶部设有与上电解液腔相通的灌注口，底部设有带密封盖的排液口，密封盖的一端连接有金属氧化物吸附条。本发明创造的阳极表面沉淀易于清除，电解液易于更换，使用便利，维护周期短，且氧化还原速率较高。
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical battery fuel, in particular to a metal-air battery. The metal-air battery includes a casing, a metal anode, an air cathode, and an electrolyte chamber, wherein a separator with a middle opening is arranged in the casing, and the separator divides the electrolyte chamber into an upper electrolyte chamber and a lower electrolyte chamber , the upper electrolyte chamber is located between the metal anode and the air cathode; the metal anode is cylindrical and its lower end is opposite to the opening of the separator; the air cathode surrounds the metal anode, and its lower end is connected to the separator, The outer side is connected with an oxygen selective membrane; the top of the housing is provided with a pouring port communicating with the upper electrolyte chamber, and the bottom is provided with a drain port with a sealing cover, and one end of the sealing cover is connected with a metal oxide adsorption strip. The surface deposit of the anode created by the invention is easy to remove, the electrolyte is easy to replace, the use is convenient, the maintenance period is short, and the redox rate is high.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明创造涉及化学电源技术领域，具体涉及一种金属空气电池。The invention relates to the technical field of chemical power sources, in particular to a metal-air battery.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中，金属空气电池以活泼金属为电池的阳极活性材料，以空气中的氧气为电池的阴极活性材料，并多以碱性或中性水溶液为电解液。因此，所述金属空气电池在放电过程中会生成相应的金属氢氧化物；另外，所述金属空气电池不能长时间存放电解液，只能在每次使用前向电池内加入电解液以进行反应，而在加入电解液后该电池则必须一次性完全使用，使用不便，灵活度低。In the prior art, metal-air batteries use active metals as the anode active material of the battery, oxygen in the air as the cathode active material of the battery, and mostly use alkaline or neutral aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Therefore, the metal-air battery will generate corresponding metal hydroxides during the discharge process; in addition, the metal-air battery cannot store the electrolyte for a long time, and the electrolyte can only be added to the battery for reaction before each use. , and after the electrolyte is added, the battery must be used completely at one time, which is inconvenient to use and has low flexibility.
所述金属氢氧化物在电解液中以沉淀物的形式从金属电极表面脱落，沉降至电池底部。相关技术中，通过定期更换电解液来清除沉淀物。大多数情况下，由于金属空气电池的阳极和阴极之间的间隙较小，若氢氧化物不及时从电极表面脱落，而是继续在电极表面生长或者是产生的沉淀物粒过多而堆积在金属阳极和空气阴极下面，则极容易造成电池内部短路，影响电池对外供电。这使得金属空气电池的电解液需要及时更换、电池的维护成本变高。The metal hydroxide falls off the surface of the metal electrode in the form of precipitates in the electrolyte and settles to the bottom of the battery. In the related art, the deposits are removed by regularly replacing the electrolyte. In most cases, due to the small gap between the anode and cathode of the metal-air battery, if the hydroxide does not fall off the electrode surface in time, but continues to grow on the electrode surface or produces too many precipitates and accumulates on the Under the metal anode and the air cathode, it is very easy to cause an internal short circuit of the battery and affect the external power supply of the battery. This makes the electrolyte of the metal-air battery need to be replaced in time, and the maintenance cost of the battery becomes high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明创造的目的在于避免现有技术中的上述不足之处而提供一种金属空气电池，解决现有金属空气电池使用不便以及由于金属电极表面的沉淀物清除不便导致的电解液需及时更换、电池的维护成本高的问题，并进一步提高金属空气电池的氧化还原速率。The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the above disadvantages in the prior art and provide a metal-air battery, which solves the inconvenience of using the existing metal-air battery and the need for timely replacement of the electrolyte due to the inconvenient removal of deposits on the surface of the metal electrodes. The problem of high maintenance cost of the battery, and further increase the redox rate of the metal-air battery.
本发明创造的目的通过以下技术方案实现：The purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
提供了一种金属空气电池，包括壳体、正极帽、负极帽、金属阳极、空气阴极和电解液腔，所述金属阳极的上端固定于壳体的顶部并与所述正极帽直接连接，所述空气阴极的上端固定于所述壳体的顶部并与负极帽直接相连，其特征在于：所述壳体内设有中间开孔的隔板，所述隔板将所述电解液腔分为上电解液腔和下电解液腔，所述上电解液腔位于所述金属阳极和空气阴极之间；所述金属阳极呈圆柱状且下端与所述隔板的开孔相对；所述空气阴极环绕所述金属阳极，其下端与所述隔板相连；所述空气阴极的内侧连接有储氧材料层，外侧连接有氧选择性膜；所述壳体的顶部设有与所述上电解液腔相通的灌注口，壳体的底部设有带密封盖的排液口，所述密封盖的一端可拆卸地连接有金属氧化物吸附条，所述金属氧化物吸附条设于所述下电解液腔内。A metal-air battery is provided, comprising a casing, a positive pole cap, a negative pole cap, a metal anode, an air cathode and an electrolyte chamber, the upper end of the metal anode is fixed on the top of the casing and is directly connected to the positive pole cap, the The upper end of the air cathode is fixed on the top of the housing and is directly connected to the negative cap. It is characterized in that: the housing is provided with a separator with an opening in the middle, and the separator divides the electrolyte chamber into upper and lower parts. An electrolyte chamber and a lower electrolyte chamber, the upper electrolyte chamber is located between the metal anode and the air cathode; the metal anode is cylindrical and its lower end is opposite to the opening of the separator; the air cathode surrounds The lower end of the metal anode is connected to the separator; the inner side of the air cathode is connected to an oxygen storage material layer, and the outer side is connected to an oxygen selective membrane; The bottom of the shell is provided with a liquid discharge port with a sealing cover, and one end of the sealing cover is detachably connected with a metal oxide adsorption strip, and the metal oxide adsorption strip is set in the lower electrolyte cavity.
上述的金属空气电池中，所述壳体的上部侧壁上均匀设置有多个气孔，空气通过气孔进入电池内部参与阴极反应。In the above-mentioned metal-air battery, a plurality of air holes are uniformly arranged on the upper side wall of the casing, and air enters the interior of the battery through the air holes to participate in the cathode reaction.
上述的金属空气电池中，所述电解液腔填充有电解液，所述电解液包括二氟乙酸甲酯。In the above metal-air battery, the electrolyte chamber is filled with electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes methyl difluoroacetate.
上述的金属空气电池中，所述金属阳极由从由金属Li、AL、Fe组成的群中选出的一种构成。In the above metal-air battery, the metal anode is composed of one selected from the group consisting of metals Li, Al, and Fe.
上述的金属空气电池中，所述储氧材料层包括储存氧的碳素材料和储氧材料。In the above metal-air battery, the oxygen storage material layer includes a carbon material for storing oxygen and an oxygen storage material.
本发明创造的有益效果：Beneficial effects created by the present invention:
1、通过设置隔板，将电解液腔分隔成参与电极反应的上电解液腔和储存电解液及掉落的金属氢氧化物沉淀的下电解液腔，从而增加了电解液的储存量，提高了金属空气电池的稳定性，缩短了电解液的更换周期，降低了金属空气电池的维护成本；1. By setting up the separator, the electrolyte chamber is divided into the upper electrolyte chamber which participates in the electrode reaction and the lower electrolyte chamber which stores the electrolyte and the dropped metal hydroxide precipitation, thereby increasing the storage capacity of the electrolyte and improving the Improve the stability of the metal-air battery, shorten the replacement cycle of the electrolyte, and reduce the maintenance cost of the metal-air battery;
2、通过设置所述灌注口和排液口，易于及时更换电解液，便于金属空气电池的使用；2. By setting the filling port and the liquid discharge port, it is easy to replace the electrolyte in time, which is convenient for the use of the metal-air battery;
3、设置圆柱状的金属阳极和内侧面与金属阳极外侧相对应的空气阴极，一方面利于通过重力的作用促进金属阳极表面产生的金属氢氧化物沉淀的下落，另一方面通过往灌注口灌注电解液，冲刷所述金属阳极表面，进一步清除金属阳极表面上的金属氢氧化物沉淀；3. Set up a cylindrical metal anode and an air cathode whose inner surface corresponds to the outer side of the metal anode. On the one hand, it is beneficial to promote the drop of the metal hydroxide precipitation produced on the surface of the metal anode through the action of gravity. On the other hand, it can be poured into the filling port Electrolyte, washing the surface of the metal anode to further remove the metal hydroxide precipitation on the surface of the metal anode;
4、所述密封盖的一端可拆卸地连接有金属氧化物吸附条，所述金属氧化物吸附条用于吸附沉淀在下电解液腔的金属氢氧化物，使得金属氢氧化物的清除更彻底；4. One end of the sealing cover is detachably connected to a metal oxide adsorption strip, and the metal oxide adsorption strip is used to adsorb the metal hydroxide deposited in the lower electrolyte chamber, so that the removal of the metal hydroxide is more thorough;
5、通过在空气阴极的外侧设置氧选择性膜，有助于选择性地从空气中过滤出氧气从而使金属空气电池的氧化还原反应速率提高至原来的数倍。5. By setting an oxygen selective membrane on the outside of the air cathode, it is helpful to selectively filter out oxygen from the air so that the redox reaction rate of the metal-air battery is increased to several times of the original.
本发明创造的。Created by the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
利用附图对发明创造作进一步说明，但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明创造的任何限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。The invention is further described by using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, they can also be obtained according to the following drawings: Additional drawings.
图1是本发明创造一个优选实施例中金属空气电池的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal-air battery in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1-壳体；2-金属阳极；3-空气阴极；4-隔板；5-正极帽；6-负极帽；7-灌注口；8-排液口；9-金属氧化物吸附条；10-储氧材料层；11-氧选择性膜；12-上电解液腔；13-下电解液腔；14-气孔；15-密封盖。1-shell; 2-metal anode; 3-air cathode; 4-separator; 5-positive cap; 6-negative cap; 7-filling port; 8-drain port; 9-metal oxide adsorption strip; 10 - oxygen storage material layer; 11 - oxygen selective membrane; 12 - upper electrolyte cavity; 13 - lower electrolyte cavity; 14 - air hole; 15 - sealing cover.
具体实施方式detailed description
结合以下实施例对本发明创造作进一步描述。The present invention is further described in conjunction with the following examples.
参见图1，本发明创造的金属空气电池，包括壳体1、正极帽5、负极帽6、金属阳极2、空气阴极3和电解液腔，所述金属阳极2的上端固定于壳体1的顶部并与所述正极帽5直接连接，所述空气阴极3的上端固定于所述壳体1的顶部并与负极帽6直接相连。Referring to Fig. 1, the metal-air battery created by the present invention includes a casing 1, a positive pole cap 5, a negative pole cap 6, a metal anode 2, an air cathode 3 and an electrolyte chamber, and the upper end of the metal anode 2 is fixed on the top of the casing 1 The top is directly connected with the positive cap 5 , and the upper end of the air cathode 3 is fixed on the top of the casing 1 and directly connected with the negative cap 6 .
所述壳体1内设有中间开孔的隔板4，所述隔板4将所述电解液腔分为上电解液腔12和下电解液腔13，其中上电解液腔12和下电解液腔13之间通过隔板4中间的开孔相互连通。所述上电解液腔12位于所述金属阳极2和空气阴极3之间，为金属空气电池的电极反应场所。The casing 1 is provided with a separator 4 with a hole in the middle, and the separator 4 divides the electrolyte chamber into an upper electrolyte chamber 12 and a lower electrolyte chamber 13, wherein the upper electrolyte chamber 12 and the lower electrolyte chamber The liquid chambers 13 communicate with each other through the opening in the middle of the partition plate 4 . The upper electrolyte chamber 12 is located between the metal anode 2 and the air cathode 3, and is an electrode reaction place of the metal-air battery.
所述金属阳极2呈圆柱状且下端与所述隔板4的开孔相对；所述空气阴极3环绕所述金属阳极2，其下端与所述隔板4相连；所述空气阴极3的内侧连接有储氧材料层10，外侧连接有氧选择性膜11，氧选择性膜11有助于选择性地从空气中过滤出氧气从而使金属空气电池的氧化还原反应速率提高至原来的数倍。The metal anode 2 is cylindrical and its lower end is opposite to the opening of the separator 4; the air cathode 3 surrounds the metal anode 2, and its lower end is connected to the separator 4; the inner side of the air cathode 3 An oxygen storage material layer 10 is connected, and an oxygen selective membrane 11 is connected on the outside. The oxygen selective membrane 11 helps to selectively filter out oxygen from the air so that the redox reaction rate of the metal-air battery is increased to several times the original .
所述壳体1的顶部设有与所述上电解液腔12相通的灌注口7，用于添加电解液；所述壳体1的底部设有带密封盖15的排液口8，用于排放废电解液和放电过程产生的氢氧化物沉淀。所述电解液腔可通过灌注口7填充电解液，其中所述下电解液腔13可以储存大量的电解液和金属氢氧化物沉淀。由于重力的作用，金属阳极2表面产生的金属氢氧化物沉淀较容易地掉落到所述下电解液腔13，此外，通过灌注口7往电解液腔灌注电解液时，可以冲刷金属阳极2的表面，促进所述金属氢氧化物的掉落。The top of the housing 1 is provided with a filling port 7 communicating with the upper electrolyte chamber 12 for adding electrolyte; the bottom of the housing 1 is provided with a drain port 8 with a sealing cover 15 for The discharge of spent electrolyte and the precipitation of hydroxides generated during the discharge process. The electrolyte chamber can be filled with electrolyte through the filling port 7, wherein the lower electrolyte chamber 13 can store a large amount of electrolyte and metal hydroxide precipitates. Due to the effect of gravity, the metal hydroxide precipitation produced on the surface of the metal anode 2 falls into the lower electrolyte chamber 13 more easily. In addition, when the electrolyte is poured into the electrolyte chamber through the filling port 7, the metal anode 2 can be washed away. surface, promoting the drop of the metal hydroxide.
进一步地，所述密封盖15的一端可拆卸地连接有金属氧化物吸附条9，所述金属氧化物吸附条9设于所述下电解液腔13内。所述金属氧化物吸附条9可吸附沉淀在下电解液腔13的金属氢氧化物，拔出所述密封盖15时，金属氧化物吸附条9连同密封盖15一起被拔出。Further, one end of the sealing cover 15 is detachably connected with a metal oxide adsorption strip 9 , and the metal oxide adsorption strip 9 is arranged in the lower electrolyte chamber 13 . The metal oxide adsorption strip 9 can adsorb the metal hydroxide precipitated in the lower electrolyte chamber 13 , and when the sealing cover 15 is pulled out, the metal oxide adsorption strip 9 is pulled out together with the sealing cover 15 .
进一步地，所述电解液13包括二氟乙酸甲酯。Further, the electrolyte solution 13 includes methyl difluoroacetate.
进一步地，所述储氧材料层10包括储存氧的碳素材料和储氧材料。Further, the oxygen storage material layer 10 includes a carbon material for storing oxygen and an oxygen storage material.
进一步地，所述壳体1的上部侧壁上均匀设置有多个气孔14，空气通过气孔14进入电池内部参与阴极反应。Further, a plurality of air holes 14 are uniformly arranged on the upper side wall of the casing 1, through which air enters into the interior of the battery to participate in the cathode reaction.
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明创造的技术方案，而非对本发明创造保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明创造作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明创造的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明创造技术方案的实质和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art Personnel should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113644348A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-12 | 烟台浩忆生物科技有限公司 | Piston liquid injection type metal-air battery and use method thereof |
| CN113964420A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-21 | 宁静 | Metal-air battery |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113644348A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-12 | 烟台浩忆生物科技有限公司 | Piston liquid injection type metal-air battery and use method thereof |
| CN113644348B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-11-11 | 烟台浩忆生物科技有限公司 | Piston liquid injection type metal-air battery and use method thereof |
| CN113964420A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-21 | 宁静 | Metal-air battery |
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Application publication date: 20160323 |