CN105385614B - 一种重组酿酒酵母及其构建方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种重组酿酒酵母及其构建方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105385614B CN105385614B CN201510961778.3A CN201510961778A CN105385614B CN 105385614 B CN105385614 B CN 105385614B CN 201510961778 A CN201510961778 A CN 201510961778A CN 105385614 B CN105385614 B CN 105385614B
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- saccharomyces cerevisiae
- microsomal protein
- betulinic acid
- betulin
- recombinant saccharomyces
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种重组酿酒酵母及其构建方法与应用,所述重组酿酒酵母命名为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)W303‑1b,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015662,保藏日期为:2015年11月5日。本发明还公开了利用所述重组酿酒酵母制备微粒体蛋白的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)接种;(2)培养,收集菌体细胞;(3)将菌体细胞破碎;(4)第一次离心,获得上清液;(5)将沉淀剂加入上清液,第二次离心获得沉淀,即为所述的微粒体蛋白。本发明又公开了所述微粒体蛋白转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸中的应用。本发明利用重组酿酒酵母培养制备的微粒体蛋白,可以转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸,该方法周期短,后期处理方便,白桦脂酸得率最高可达27.5%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程和微生物发酵领域,尤其涉及一种能够催化白桦脂醇转化生成白桦脂酸的重组酿酒酵母及其构建方法与应用。
背景技术
白桦脂酸(Betulinic acid,简称BA)是一类五环羽扇烷型的三萜化合物。对许多特定的肿瘤细胞如黑素瘤、前列腺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌等、不同类型的例如人类免疫缺陷病毒、疟疾和细菌等感染剂和一般的炎性过程具有选择性细胞毒性。最近,大量的体内外实验证明白桦脂酸还具有其他临床功能。白桦脂酸可以减缓乙醇诱导的肝星状细胞的激活,通过抑制肝葡萄糖的产生来缓解高血糖症,增强免疫应答,通过抑制胰脂肪酶达到减肥的效果,还可以保护心肌免受由于缺血再灌注引起的损伤以及有助于治疗化学性的甲状腺功能低下症。
目前BA的制备方法,主要有以下三种:1直接提取法,2化学合成法,3微生物转化法。目前,白桦脂酸植物提取的主要来源是白桦树皮,但其中BA含量很低,仅为0.025%~2%。白桦脂酸早在1938年已被化学合成,均是以白桦脂醇为原料,经过一系列氧化还原反应最终生成白桦脂酸。目前,化学合成法制备白桦脂酸较多地应用于生产实践中,虽然合成效果较好,但存在操作复杂、污染大、合成成本高、安全性低等问题,限制了其在实际中的应用,有待进一步改善提高。微生物转化是通过微生物整体细胞或酶将复杂的底物进行结构修饰,也就是利用生物代谢过程中产生的某个或某一系列的酶对底物进行催化反应,因为其具有直接提取和化学合成法所不具有的方便、绿色、成本低等优点,在近年来获得了广泛关注。目前有几种真菌已被证实可以完成白桦脂醇到白桦脂酸的转化,分别为黄绿蜜环菌(Armillaria luteo-virens Sacc)ZJUQH100-6,短刺小克银汉霉(Cunninghamellablakesleeana),臭曲霉(Aspergillus foetidus)ZU-G1和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)AS3.498,但产率仍然不能满足商业化需求。
公开号为CN101457250A的中国专利申请中公开的黄绿蜜环菌(Armillarialuteo-virens Sacc)ZJUQH在水相体系中能催化白桦脂醇生产白桦脂酸,但有机相的底物在水相体系中溶解度不高,不但影响酶对底物的催化作用,而且对微生物细胞存在一定毒害,导致产率低,且反应时间长。后来经过改进,在公开号为CN101709322A的中国专利中使用离子液体或含离子液体的两相体系中催化反应,提高了产物的得率,反应时间缩短到6~24h,但离子液体本身价格昂贵,白桦脂酸产率虽然有所提高,但还是比较低,无法满足商业化需求。
代谢工程和合成生物学的快速发展为在微生物宿主内获得高产的天然产物提供了很好的解决方法,但现在很少有将这些技术应用到白桦脂醇的转化方面的研究。白桦脂醇转化生成白桦脂酸是C28位的羟基氧化为羧基,可通过基因工程的手段将具有C28位氧化功能的基因与相应的还原酶基因导入酿酒酵母完成转化。目前,已发现的具有C-28位氧化功能的基因有来自蒺藜状苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)的CYP716A12,葡萄(Vitisvinifera)的CYP716A15,人参(Panax ginseng)的CYP716A52v2和长春花(Catharanthusroseus)的CYP716AL1。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种重组酿酒酵母,该重组酿酒酵母表达的微粒体蛋白能够催化白桦脂醇转化成白桦脂酸。
一种重组酿酒酵母,命名为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)W303-1b,保藏在位于武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),保藏时间:2015年11月5日,保藏编号:CCTCC NO:M 2015662。
本发明构建的重组酿酒酵母含有蒺藜状苜蓿CYP716A12基因和拟南芥ATR1基因,能够同时表达CYP716A12氧化酶和ATR1还原酶,提取此重组酿酒酵母表达的微粒体蛋白,将此微粒体蛋白加入到白桦脂醇转化体系中,能够催化白桦脂醇转化成白桦脂酸。
本发明酿酒酵母采用的表达载体为酿酒酵母多基因共表达载体pESC-ura(图1),该载体含有两个半乳糖启动子GAL1和GAL10,可以分别启动表达两个基因。
本发明还提供了一种重组酿酒酵母的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蒺藜状苜蓿CYP716A12基因插入pESC-ura,得到pESC-ura-CYP716A12;
(2)将拟南芥ATR1基因插入pESC-ura-CYP716A12,获得pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1;
(3)将pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1转入酿酒酵母细胞,获得所述重组酿酒酵母。
在本发明实施中记载,蒺藜状苜蓿CYP716A12基因插入pESC-ura的其中一个半乳糖启动子GAL1的下游;拟南芥ATR1基因插入位置为半乳糖启动子GAL10的下游,以实现双表达。
所述蒺藜状苜蓿CYP716A12基因的GenBank号为:DQ335781.1;所述拟南芥ATR1基因的GenBank号为:NM_118585.3。
本发明还提供了利用所述重组酿酒酵母制备微粒体蛋白的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)接种;
(2)培养,收集菌体细胞;
(3)将菌体细胞破碎;
(4)第一次离心,获得上清液;
(5)将沉淀剂加入上清液,第二次离心获得沉淀,即为所述的微粒体蛋白。
培养重组酿酒酵母的培养基可使用YPAD。培养完成后,使用离心法收集上清。
菌体细胞破碎方法可以是加玻璃珠震荡破碎、超声破碎或者使用高压细胞破碎仪破碎。破碎时将菌体重悬于适当缓冲液中,缓冲液可以是Tris-HCl缓冲液、PBS缓冲液、MES缓冲液或者HEPES缓冲液。
所述沉淀剂用于将上清液中蛋白通过盐析沉淀,沉淀过程不会导致酶失活,可以选用MgCl2、CaCl2、(NH4)2SO4或它们的混合物,最优选为MgCl2。
离心的条件最终影响微粒体蛋白的活性,第一次离心的条件优选为:4000~8000g离心5~30min;第二次离心的条件优选为:8000~15000g离心30~120min。
本发明提供了所述方法制备得到的微粒体蛋白。
该微粒体蛋白为混合物,具体组分没有测定,但可以确定包含CYP716A12氧化酶和ATR1还原酶。
本发明提供了所述的微粒体蛋白在转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸中的应用,包括以下步骤:
将所述白桦脂醇加入含有所述微粒体蛋白的缓冲体系中,反应完成后,分离纯化得到所述白桦脂酸。
所述反应中白桦脂醇浓度为60~100μmol/L,优选为80μmol/L;微粒体蛋白浓度为1~2mg,优选为1.5mg;NADPH浓度为0~2mM,优选为2mM;缓冲液可以选择磷酸钠缓冲液、PBS缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液,优选为磷酸钠缓冲液;缓冲液浓度为50~200mM,优选为100mM;缓冲液pH为7.0~8.0,优选为7.5;反应温度为25~32℃,优选为30℃;反应时间为3~9h,优选为6h。
分离纯化白桦脂酸使用有机溶剂萃取,然后通过旋转蒸发或者通风放置使其自行挥发去除所使用的有机溶剂。所述有机溶剂可以是乙醇、乙二醇、乙酸乙酯或他们的混合物,最优选为乙酸乙酯。,
本发明中白桦脂醇、白桦脂酸含量同步检测方法为:使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测法检测。色谱柱为反向C18柱(Phenomenex,250×4.6mm),流动相为乙腈/水(体积比)=91/9,流速为1mL/min,柱温为40℃,检测波长为210nm。
相对于现有的植物提取工艺,本发明利用微粒体蛋白转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸,操作简单、易于控制,安全性高、成本低,转化条件温和、转化效率高,而且周期短,适用于商业化生产。
附图说明
图1为pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒构建示意图;
图2为线性表示的pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒构建示意图;
图3为白桦脂醇转化白桦脂酸反应结束后,所得产物的HPLC结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒构建
(1)CYP716A12和ATR1基因序列的获得
以中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所王彦章老师提供的来源于蒺藜状苜蓿生长四周的叶子的总DNA为模板,用引物C-F(引物序列见表1,下同)和C-R扩增CYP716A12基因,扩增条件为:95℃预变性3min;95℃变性10s,56℃退火10s,72℃延伸40s(35个循环);72℃彻底延伸10min。
提取拟南芥幼苗叶子的总RNA(OMEGA,E.Z.N.Z.Plant RNA Kit),用引物A-F和A-R反转录扩增得到ATR1基因(TaKaRa,PrimeScript One Step RT-PCR Kit Ver.2),扩增条件为:50℃反转录30min;94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,67℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min(30个循环);72℃彻底延伸10min。
(2)pESC-ura-CYP716A12质粒构建
将CYP716A12序列连接至由GAL1启动子控制的一端(图1)。先后用BamHI和NheI酶切pESC-ura(图2),跑电泳确定酶切效果,通过胶回收回收目的质粒片段。确定好质粒片段浓度和插入片段浓度后,按照20μL重组反应体系进行重组反应。重组产物转化DH5α化学感受态细胞,涂布在带有适当抗生素的LB平板上。
用无菌的枪头将单个菌落挑至20μL LB液体培养基中混匀,直接取1μL作为PCR模板用引物GAL1-F和GAL1-R进行菌落PCR,扩增条件为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,54℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min 55s(35个循环);72℃彻底延伸10min。菌落PCR阳性菌落的剩余菌液接种至5mL含有适当氨苄霉素的LB培养基中培养过夜,然后提取质粒做测序鉴定,确认pESC-ura-CYP716A12质粒构建成功。
(3)pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒构建
将ATR1序列连接至由GAL10启动子控制的一端(图1)。先后用NotI和BglII酶切pESC-ura-CYP716A12(图2),跑电泳确定酶切效果,通过胶回收回收目的质粒片段。后续操作同步骤(2)。用引物GAL10-F和GAL10-R进行菌落PCR,扩增条件为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,52℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min 16s(35个循环);72℃彻底延伸10min。提取质粒做测序鉴定,确认pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒构建成功。
表1 引物序列及相应酶切位点。
实施例2重组酿酒酵母W303-1b构建
通过醋酸锂转化法将pESC-ura-CYP716A12-ATR1质粒导入酿酒酵母,涂布SC-ura固体培养基平板,对于长出的单菌落进行划线培养纯化后,选取单菌落,菌落PCR初步鉴定阳性后,使用液体培养基扩大培养,提取质粒测序,确定质粒导入成功。
在构建成功的重组酿酒酵母菌液中加入25%的灭菌过的甘油,放于-80℃冰箱保存。该重组酿酒酵母命名为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)W303-1b,保藏在位于武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),保藏时间:2015年11月5日,保藏编号:CCTCCNO:M 2015662。
实施例3微粒体蛋白制备
100μL重组酿酒酵母W303-1b菌液接入10mL YPAD(GLu),30℃180rpm培养20h;以5×106个/mL的接种密度接入50mL YPAD(GLu),30℃200rpm培养12h。3000g离心5min沉淀菌体,生理盐水清洗两次。OD2.01:20重悬于50mL YPAD(GAL),16℃180rpm培养24h。
2000g离心10min,向菌体沉淀加入50mL TEK缓冲液,6100g离心3min。菌体沉淀重悬于10mL提取缓冲液。分装在装有适量玻璃珠的2mL离心管中,振动频率65Hz,振动时间49s,持续振动3次。样品置于冰上5min后重复振动研磨三次。6100g离心15min,过滤,上清液加入终浓度为50mM的MgCl2沉淀微粒体。冰上放置1h后10000g离心1h。沉淀溶于1mL TEG,用小研磨杵搅拌均匀。
实施例4~6白桦脂酸制备及提取
利用改良型BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定所提取的微粒体蛋白浓度。按照表2配制反应体系,其中NADPH在实施例4~6中浓度分别为0、1和2mM。
表2 白桦脂醇转化体系。
品名 | 浓度 |
Betulin | 80μmol/L |
NADPH | 0、1或2mM |
磷酸钠缓冲液 | 100mM(pH 7.5) |
微粒体蛋白 | 1.5mg |
反应体系 | 500μL |
30℃反应6h后,向离心管中加入等体积的乙酸乙酯,涡旋振荡1min,超声处理30min后,将乙酸乙酯层吸入新的离心管中,通风放置至乙酸乙酯挥发干净。
产物经HPLC检测,结果见表3。
表3 不同浓度NAPDH对白桦脂酸得率的影响。
从表3可以看出0~2mM浓度范围内,NAPDH浓度越高白桦脂酸得率越高,最高可达27.5%。
通过基因工程改造不能转化白桦脂醇的酿酒酵母得到本发明提供的可以转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸的重组酿酒酵母基因工程菌,白桦脂酸得率最高可达27.5%,为基因工程改造酿酒酵母生产白桦脂酸的工业化奠定了基础。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,人和熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (2)
1.一种重组酿酒酵母,其特征在于,命名为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)W303-1b,保藏编号为:CCTCC NO:M 2015662,保藏日期为:2015年11月5日。
2.一种微粒体蛋白在转化白桦脂醇生成白桦脂酸中的应用,其特征在于,所述微粒体蛋白利用如权利要求1所述重组酿酒酵母制备,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)接种;
(2)培养,收集菌体细胞;
(3)将菌体细胞破碎;
(4)第一次离心,获得上清液;
(5)将沉淀剂加入上清液,第二次离心获得沉淀,即为所述的微粒体蛋白,
所述第一次离心的条件为:转速4000~8000g,时间5~30min,所述第二次离心的条件为:转速8000~15000g,时间30~120min,
所述沉淀剂为MgCl2、CaCl2或(NH4)2SO4,
所述应用包括以下步骤:
将所述白桦脂醇加入含有所述微粒体蛋白的缓冲体系中,反应完成后,分离纯化得到所述白桦脂酸,
所述反应中白桦脂醇浓度为60~100μmol/L;微粒体蛋白浓度为1~2mg;NADPH浓度为0~2mM。
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