CN105372069A - Main bearing reduced scale performance test bench of large wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a main bearing reduced scale performance test bench of a large wind turbine. The main bearing reduced scale performance test bench of the large wind turbine comprises a fixed platform, a driving device, a rotor device, a loading device, a hydraulic system, a control device and a test system. The driving device, the rotor device and the loading device are fixedly connected with the fixed platform in turn, and the test system is installed between the outer ring transitional disk and the inner ring transitional disk of the loading device. The main bearing reduced scale performance test bench of a large wind turbine is able to satisfy integrated performance tests with different types and sizes; and the simulation of the actual loaded condition of the main bearing may be performed through combined loading of oil cylinders at different positions, and the synchronous measurement of performance parameters such as the temperature, the vibration, the rotating speed, the friction torque, the static tensile strain of the bearing, and the like are realized. Therefore the test cost of the wind power main bearing is greatly reduced, and the main bearing reduced scale performance test bench of a large wind turbine has an important significance for China wind power bearing technology development.

Description

Large scale wind turbine main bearing performance test bench

technical field

The invention relates to a scaled-scale performance test bench for a main bearing of a large-scale wind power generator.

Background technique

Wind power main bearing is a key component of megawatt-level wind power generators. Its performance determines the service performance and life of the wind power machine. Because the main bearing is difficult to maintain and the maintenance cost is high, it is required to have high reliability. Generally, wind power main bearings are required to be The bearing has a service life of more than 20 years, which means that the main bearing must undergo rigorous testing before installation. Through the analysis of various test indicators, we can fully understand the performance status of the main bearing, provide a basis for the improvement of the bearing structure, and ensure that the bearing is installed. However, there is still a lack of effective comprehensive performance test equipment for wind power main bearings in China at this stage, and it is impossible to simulate the actual working conditions of the main bearing, and to apply axial force, radial force and overturning moment at the same time Under the condition of load, the test of bearing temperature, friction torque, vibration, deformation, etc. is realized. At the same time, most of the existing wind power main bearing test devices in China can only monitor a certain type of specific bearing type, and the test devices are more versatile. In addition, the existing wind power bearing test machine can only use the bearing prototype to test, the test cost is huge, and it cannot meet the measurement of the main characteristic signals of the bearing, which limits the improvement of the test level of the wind power main bearing. Therefore, the development of a machine that can It is of great significance to simulate the actual working conditions of wind power main bearings and realize the scale-down test bench of wind power bearings that can test different sizes and types of bearings.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-scale wind power generator main bearing that can realize the online measurement of the main performance parameters of the bearing and realize the research and evaluation of the dynamic and static performance of the main bearing under the condition of truly simulating the actual working conditions of the wind power main bearing. Bearing scale performance test bench.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is: a scaled-scale performance test bench for the main bearing of a large-scale wind power generator, including a fixed platform, a driving device, a rotor device, a loading device, a hydraulic system, a control device and a testing system. The device, the rotor device and the loading device are sequentially connected and fixed on the fixed platform, and the test system is installed between the outer ring transition plate and the inner ring transition plate of the loading device.

The fixed platform includes a large platform, a fixed motor platform, a rotor device installation platform and a small platform, and the fixed motor platform and the rotor device installation platform are respectively installed on the large platform.

The driving device includes a driving motor, a reducer and a diaphragm coupling, the driving motor is connected to the reducer, the reducer is connected to the diaphragm coupling, and the driving motor and the reducer are installed on a fixed motor platform.

The rotor device includes a rotating shaft, a supporting bearing, a supporting bearing seat, a universal coupling and an adapter shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the universal coupling, the supporting bearing is installed on the rotating shaft through the supporting bearing seat, and the universal coupling and Adapter shaft connection.

The loading device includes a loading cylinder, a loading roller, a loading plate, an outer ring transition plate, an inner ring transition plate and an inner ring fixed support, the loading roller is installed at the end of the loading oil cylinder, and the loading plate is connected to the outer ring transition plate , the transition plate of the inner ring is connected with the transition plate of the outer ring, and the fixed support of the inner ring is connected with the transition plate of the inner ring.

The loading roller includes a roller support, a shaft end fixed cover, a roller support shaft, a loading ring, a loading ring fixed end cover, a roller support bearing and a sleeve, the roller support is connected with the loading cylinder, and the shaft end is fixed The cover is fixed on the roller support shaft, the roller support bearing is installed on the roller support shaft, the loading ring is fixed on the roller support bearing through the loading ring fixing end cover, and the sleeve is installed on the roller support shaft.

The present invention is a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench, which can realize the online measurement of each main performance parameter of the bearing under the condition of actually simulating the actual working conditions of the wind power main bearing, and realize the research on the dynamic and static performance of the main bearing and evaluation, which can meet the comprehensive performance test of wind power main bearings of different types and sizes; the actual loading conditions of the main bearing can be simulated through the composite loading of oil cylinders in different positions, and the performance parameters such as bearing temperature, vibration, speed, friction torque, stress and strain can be realized at the same time synchronized measurement. It can greatly reduce the test cost of wind power main bearings, which is of great significance to the development of wind power bearing technology in my country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram 1 of the overall structure of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing performance test bench in scale according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the overall structure of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control device of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing performance test bench in scale according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a fixed platform and a driving device of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram 2 of a fixed platform and a driving device of a scaled-scale performance test bench of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a rotor device and a loading device of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the loading roller structure of a large-scale wind power generator main bearing scale performance test bench according to the present invention

In the figure: 1. Fixed platform; 2. Driving device; 3. Rotor device; 4. Loading device; 5. Hydraulic system; 6. Control device; 7. Test system; 8. Large platform; 9. Fixed motor platform; 10. Drive motor; 11. Reducer; 12. Diaphragm coupling; 13. Rotor device installation platform; 14. Loading cylinder; 15. Small platform; 16. Rotating shaft; 17. Support bearing; 18. Support bearing seat; 19. Universal coupling; 20. Adapter shaft; 21. Loading plate; 22. Outer ring transition plate; 23. Inner ring transition plate; 24. Inner ring fixed support; 25. Roller support; 26. Shaft end Fixed cover; 27, roller support shaft; 28, loading ring; 29, fixed end cover of loading ring; 30, roller supporting bearing; 31, sleeve; 32, loading roller.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1 to 8, the scaled-scale performance test bench for the main bearing of a large wind turbine includes a fixed platform 1, a drive device 2, a rotor device 3, a loading device 4, a hydraulic system 5, a control device 6 and a test system 7, The driving device 2, the rotor device 3 and the loading device 4 are sequentially connected and fixed on the fixed platform 1. The test system 7 is installed between the outer ring transition plate 22 and the inner ring transition plate 23 of the loading device 4. The fixed platform 1 includes a large platform 8, The fixed motor platform 9, the rotor device installation platform 13 and the small platform 15, the fixed motor platform 9 and the rotor device installation platform 13 are respectively installed on the large platform 8, and the drive device 2 includes a drive motor 10, a reducer 11 and a diaphragm coupling 12 , the drive motor 10 is connected with the reducer 11, the reducer 11 is connected with the diaphragm coupling 12, the drive motor 10 and the reducer 11 are installed on the fixed motor platform 9, and the rotor device 3 includes a rotating shaft 16, a support bearing 17, a support bearing Seat 18, universal joint 19 and adapter shaft 20, rotating shaft 16 is connected with universal joint 19, support bearing 17 is installed on the rotating shaft 16 through support bearing seat 18, universal joint 19 and adapter shaft 20 connection, the loading device 4 includes a loading cylinder 14, a loading roller 32, a loading plate 21, an outer ring transition plate 22, an inner ring transition plate 23 and an inner ring fixed support 24, and the loading roller 32 is installed on the end of the loading oil cylinder 14. part, the loading plate 21 is connected with the outer ring transition plate 22, the inner ring transition plate 23 is connected with the outer ring transition plate 21, the inner ring fixed support 24 is connected with the inner ring transition plate, and the loading roller 32 includes a roller support 25, Shaft end fixed cover 26, roller support shaft 27, loading ring 28, loading ring fixed end cover 29, roller support bearing 30 and sleeve 31, roller support 25 is connected with loading oil cylinder 14, shaft end fixed cover 26 is fixed On the roller support shaft 27, the roller support bearing 30 is installed on the roller support shaft 27, the loading ring 28 is fixed on the roller support bearing 30 through the loading ring fixed end cover 29, and the sleeve 31 is installed on the roller support shaft On 27, the fixed motor platform and the rotor device installation platform are used to install the drive device and the rotor device respectively. The design of each platform needs to ensure the coaxiality between the output end reducer of the drive system and the rotor shaft system, as well as the reliability of the overall installation of each system , at the same time to ensure that the overall deformation is small, the inner ring fixing seat is installed on the foundation, used to install and fix the inner ring of the bearing under test, and bear the load of the bearing under test, in order to facilitate the installation and wiring of the test sensor, the inner ring fixing seat It is necessary to design a through hole concentric with the bearing. The inner ring fixing seat must have a considerable thickness to ensure that the structure has sufficient rigidity. The drive motor is a frequency conversion three-phase asynchronous motor, which is mainly used to provide rotational power for the tested bearing; considering The tested bearing rotates at a low speed, and the performance of the motor is not stable enough at such a low speed. Therefore, the reducer is used to realize the function of decelerating and increasing the torque of the drive system. The reducer adopts a planetary reducer. degree, and bolts are used to connect its end face to the end face of the motor. In addition, considering that the vibration of the driving motor will affect the vibration signal of the tested bearing If there is interference in the measurement, it is necessary to use necessary devices to block the vibration of the drive system and prevent its vibration from being transmitted backwards. Therefore, it is considered to install a flexible coupling at the end of the reducer. The flexible coupling adopts a diaphragm coupling. When installing Insert the output shaft of the reducer into the connecting hole at one end of the diaphragm coupling with a keyway, so that the power after eliminating the vibration of the motor can be transmitted to the rotor device. The rotating shaft adopts a stepped solid shaft structure, and one end is inserted into the diaphragm coupling to connect In the hole, the other end is connected with the universal coupling. The selection of the diameter of the shaft must meet the rigidity and strength requirements of the shaft system under the action of bending and torsional loads. After necessary checks, the relevant dimensions are determined. The supporting bearings are deep groove ball bearings. The support structure adopts two-point support. The selection of bearings is based on the size of the shaft journal and the size of the load. The support bearing seat adopts a split structure to facilitate the installation of the shaft and bearings. The specific size is determined according to the outer diameter of the support bearing and the support span. And a bearing end cover is installed at its end to limit the axial movement of the bearing and prevent dust; the shaft end coupling adopts a flange coupling, which is installed on the shaft end of the rotating shaft and is used to connect the rotating shaft to the universal coupling The universal coupling adopts the cross-shaft universal coupling, which is mainly used to eliminate the coaxiality error between the bearing loading plate and the rotor system, reduce the manufacturing accuracy requirements, reduce the manufacturing cost, and load the oil cylinder. Six-point loading is adopted, which are respectively installed on the front, back and side of the loading plate, which can simulate the actual working conditions and compound loading on the tested bearing; at the same time, in order to simulate the actual load transmission mode of the main bearing, the load is applied to the moving ring, so The corresponding loading rollers are designed, and the loading rollers are installed on the head of the loading cylinder through bolts to apply load to the rotating loading plate. The structure of the loading rollers is mainly composed of a loading ring, a bearing, a supporting shaft, a supporting frame and a bearing end In order to prevent wear between the loading disc and the loading roller, the loading ring is made of softer material. In order to avoid the unbalanced load caused by the non-perpendicular loading of the loading cylinder and the loading disc, the bearing will generate additional axial force. The roller support bearing adopts double-row self-aligning roller bearings; the loading roller shaft adopts a stepped shaft structure, the support frame supports the shaft, and is connected with the head of the loading cylinder through bolts; in order to facilitate the application of load, a loading plate device is designed. The disk adopts a circular solid disk structure. One end of the loading disk is connected to the adapter shaft through bolts to transmit the motion of the rotor system to the loading disk; the other end is connected to the outer ring of the bearing through a transition disk to drive the outer ring of the bearing to rotate; at the same time, the load is controlled by The loading roller acts on the loading disc, and transmits the load to the outer ring of the bearing under test through the loading disc and the transition disc. The loading disc needs to adopt a thicker structure to ensure a small deformation after loading; The transition plate and inner ring transition plate, the purpose of designing the transition plate is mainly to ensure that when testing bearings of different sizes, it is not necessary to replace the loading plate and inner ring fixing seat connected to it, but only need to replace the transition plate of the corresponding size. Yes, the outer ring transition plate is used to transitionally connect the loading plate and the outer ring of the bearing under test. One end of the outer ring transition plate is connected to the loading plate through bolts, and the other end is designed according to the outer ring of the bearing under test in different sizes. Measuring bearing outer ring In order to achieve the purpose of installing different sizes of bearings under test and carrying out tests with a loading plate of one size; the function of the inner ring transition plate is similar, one end is connected with the inner ring of the bearing under test by bolts, and the other end is connected with the inner ring by bolts The fixed seat is connected to fix the bearing on the frame. The motor control device includes a frequency converter and related control circuits. The frequency converter is used to control the motor speed, thereby realizing the signal monitoring of the bearing under test at different speeds; The circuit controls the on-off, reversing and motor pump speed of each solenoid valve, so as to realize the control of the loading force and the protection of the hydraulic circuit. The test system includes a signal acquisition device and a signal processing device. The signal acquisition device includes a temperature sensor, Acceleration sensors, strain gauges, speed sensors, torque sensors, etc. The temperature sensor is a bearing thermocouple, which is inserted into the temperature sensor test hole reserved in the inner ring of the bearing during installation. ° position; the acceleration signal acquisition device adopts a three-way wireless acceleration sensor, which is arranged on the inner surface of the bearing inner ring and corresponds to the loading point. One measuring point can measure the acceleration in three directions at the same time; On the inner surface of the bearing inner ring, it is used to measure the stress and strain of the bearing inner ring; the speed sensor adopts a laser speed sensor, which is arranged on the adapter shaft section, and is used to measure the actual speed of the bearing; The strain gauge is attached to the adapter shaft section to measure the torque of the shaft section, and then obtain the starting torque of the bearing under load and no load, and the friction torque during operation at normal speed. The signal processing device includes thermocouple/voltage Input data acquisition module, wireless node and wireless gateway, etc.; thermocouple/voltage input data acquisition module is mainly used to collect thermocouple and voltage signals received by temperature sensors, strain gauges, etc., and process the signals to obtain corresponding data such as temperature, Strain and other signal output; the wireless node is used to collect the signal monitored by the wireless acceleration sensor and send it out in the form of a wireless signal; the wireless gateway is used to receive the bearing characteristic signal sent by the wireless node, and through signal processing, the signal is converted into The required acceleration is recorded and displayed on the computer through certain software.

The scale performance test bench of the main bearing of the large-scale wind power generator of the present invention uses an experimental platform produced by a professional machinery manufacturing company for the large platform, and the platform is provided with T-shaped slots to facilitate the fixed installation of parts; the fixed motor platform is a casting structure for installation and drive The motor; the rotor device installation platform includes bearing seats, etc., which are used to fix and support the rotor shaft system, and adopts a casting structure; the small platform adopts a casting structure, which is used to install the loading cylinder and reaction force structure, etc.; the inner ring fixed support 24 adopts casting structure, the thickness is 60mm, and there is a sensor installation hole with a diameter of 300mm in the middle. The driving device includes a driving motor, a reducer and a diaphragm coupling. The speed is 1440rpm, and it is installed on the fixed motor platform through bolts; the reducer adopts AB series planetary reducer, model AB142-L2 (level 2), and the reduction ratio is 100. When installing, it is positioned with the motor through the end face mounting boss and fixed by bolts; Diaphragm coupling 12 adopts serpentine spring coupling/JS type (basic type), model is JS5, nominal torque 630Nm, allowable speed 4350rpm, allowable displacement: radial 0.2mm, axial 0.3mm, angle To 0.127 degrees, gap 3mm, when installing, insert the shaft of the output end of the reducer into the hole of the diaphragm coupling, and transmit the torque through the key fit. The rotor device is mainly composed of the rotating shaft, supporting bearing, supporting bearing seat, universal coupling and The rotating shaft adopts a solid stepped shaft structure and is manufactured by machining. The journal is used to cooperate with the support bearing. The diameter of the shaft is calculated and checked. One end of the rotating shaft is inserted into the hole of the diaphragm coupling. The power of the motor is transmitted; the support bearing adopts a pair of deep groove ball bearings, model 6014, the main parameters: the outer diameter is 110mm, the inner diameter is 70mm, and the width is 20mm, which is installed on the shaft journal to support the rotation of the shaft; Type structure, the bearing is supported on the bearing seat, and end covers are installed at both ends of the bearing seat to perform the functions of bearing sealing and axial positioning. The bottom of the bearing seat is installed on the rotor system installation platform through bolts; the universal coupling adopts SWC Type integral yoke cross shaft universal coupling, the model is SWC200-WD (no telescopic short type). Main parameters: rotary diameter 200mm, nominal torque 36kNm, inter-shaft angle 15°; one end is connected to the shaft end of the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the connecting shaft of the loading system, which is used to eliminate the installation between the loading system and the rotor system error. The adapter shaft adopts a solid structure and is manufactured by machining. The shaft end has a connection interface with the universal coupling and the loading plate. The loading system is mainly composed of a static loading cylinder, a loading plate, an outer ring transition plate and an inner ring transition plate. , The static loading cylinder is a light tie rod hydraulic cylinder W70L-1-2-LB50B70R400-A, which adopts an axial tripod connection, a polyurethane rubber seal, a cylinder diameter of 50mm, and a stroke of 400mm. The loading cylinder adopts six-point loading, which are respectively installed on the front, back and side of the loading plate to realize the composite loading of the tested bearing. The top of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a loading roller, which is mainly composed of a roller support, a shaft end Fixed cover, roller support shaft, loading ring, fixed end cover of loading ring, roller support bearing and sleeve, in which the roller support is connected with the loading cylinder; the shaft end fixed cover is used to fix the support shaft; the roller support shaft The stepped shaft structure is used to support the rotation of the bearing and the roller; the loading ring is made of soft copper alloy to reduce its wear on the loading plate; the fixing cover of the loading ring is used for axial fixing of the loading ring; The sub-support bearing adopts GB/T288-94 self-aligning roller bearing 22207C, which can meet the composite force and moment suffered during the loading process, and realize that the loading roller can load the loading plate when the loading plate is rotating; the sleeve is used for The bearing is fixed in the axial direction, and the signal acquisition devices selected by the test system are: (1) The three acceleration sensors select the wireless acceleration node, the signal is A302EX, this model is a high-precision wireless acceleration node, three axes, and the frequency response is respectively X, Y, 300Hz, Z, 150Hz, 1G memory, and an external antenna; (2) The temperature sensor is a wireless temperature node, the model is TC402EX, the sensor has four channels, and each channel can be connected with 8 kinds of national standard thermocouples (S Type, R type, B type, K type, N type, E type, J type, T type) and any of the two commonly used thermal resistances (PT100, PT10, Cu50, Cu100), external antenna; (3 ) Strain gauges are selected for the strain sensor, including 200 uniaxial strain gauges and 50 torque strain gauges; (4) The model of the torque sensor is TQ202 wireless torque node, which can realize automatic switching between 1/4 bridge, half bridge and full bridge, 2M Memory, built-in antenna, nylon shell; (5) The speed sensor selection model is PT202EX-W (including HN60 speed sensor) wireless photoelectric speed sensor, charging voltage: 5V, sampling rate: 1sps, 10sps, 100sps, 200sps, sampling accuracy: ±0.5%, sensor trigger voltage: +5V, sensor trigger frequency: 0~3000Hz, working temperature: -20~60℃ (built-in rechargeable battery), storage temperature: -40~85℃, protection level: IP66, vibration: When the vibration frequency is 10-55Hz, the bit amplitude is not greater than 0.35mm, the impact: 40-80 times/min, and the acceleration is not greater than 5g.

Claims (9)

1. a large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand, it is characterized in that: comprise stationary platform, drive unit, rotor arrangement, charger, hydraulic system, control device and test macro, drive unit, rotor arrangement and charger are connected and fixed on the stationary platform successively, and test macro is arranged between the outer ring transition disc of charger and inner ring transition disc.

2. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stationary platform comprises large platform, fixed electrical machinery platform, rotor arrangement mounting platform and chain-wales, fixed electrical machinery platform and rotor arrangement mounting platform are arranged on large platform respectively.

3. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described drive unit comprises drive motor, speed reduction unit and diaphragm coupling, drive motor is connected with speed reduction unit, speed reduction unit is connected with diaphragm coupling, and drive motor and speed reduction unit are arranged on fixed electrical machinery platform.

4. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rotor arrangement comprises rotating shaft, spring bearing, supporting bearing base, Hooks coupling universal coupling and Coupling Shaft, rotating shaft is connected with Hooks coupling universal coupling, spring bearing is arranged in rotating shaft by supporting bearing base, and Hooks coupling universal coupling is connected with Coupling Shaft.

5. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described charger comprises load cylinder, loads roller, loading disc, outer ring transition disc, inner ring transition disc and inner ring hold-down support, load the end that roller is arranged on load cylinder, loading disc is connected with outer ring transition disc, inner ring transition disc is connected with outer ring transition disc, and inner ring hold-down support is connected with inner ring transition disc.

6. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described loading roller comprises roller carriage, axle head fixed cap, roller back shaft, loads circle, loads circle fixing end cap, roller spring bearing and sleeve, roller carriage is connected with load cylinder, axle head fixed cap is fixed on roller back shaft, roller spring bearing is arranged on roller back shaft, loading circle is fixed on roller spring bearing by loading the fixing end cap of circle, and sleeve is arranged on roller back shaft.

7. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described test macro comprises signal pickup assembly and signal processing apparatus.

8. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described signal pickup assembly comprises temperature sensor, acceleration transducer, strainometer, speed probe and torque sensor.

9. a kind of large-scale wind driven generator main bearing reduced scale performance test stand according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described signal processing apparatus comprises thermopair/voltage input data acquisition module, radio node and radio network gateway.