CN105370408B - A kind of heat accumulating type compressed-air energy-storage system - Google Patents
A kind of heat accumulating type compressed-air energy-storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105370408B CN105370408B CN201510939325.0A CN201510939325A CN105370408B CN 105370408 B CN105370408 B CN 105370408B CN 201510939325 A CN201510939325 A CN 201510939325A CN 105370408 B CN105370408 B CN 105370408B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种蓄热式压缩空气储能系统，该系统在蓄热式压缩空气储能系统的基础上，优化系统工作流程，利用压缩机组和膨胀机组共用换热器的特性，并通过三通换向阀将压缩机组、蓄热系统和膨胀机组很好的耦合在一起，解决了蓄热式压缩空气储能系统级间换热器重复布置、系统流程不合理、占地多、成本高、热能利用率低及其导致的系统运行效率降低等问题。本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统具有结构简单紧凑、系统效率高、换热效果好、造价低等优点。
The invention discloses a regenerative compressed air energy storage system. On the basis of the regenerative compressed air energy storage system, the system optimizes the working process of the system, utilizes the characteristics of the heat exchanger shared by the compressor unit and the expansion unit, and passes The three-way reversing valve well couples the compressor unit, the heat storage system and the expansion unit together, which solves the problem of repeated arrangement of heat exchangers between stages of the regenerative compressed air energy storage system, unreasonable system flow, large land occupation and high cost. High, low thermal energy utilization and the resulting reduction in system operating efficiency. The regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high system efficiency, good heat exchange effect, and low cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及能量储存技术领域，尤其涉及一种蓄热式压缩空气储能系统。The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a regenerative compressed air energy storage system.
背景技术Background technique
传统压缩空气储能系统是基于燃气轮机技术开发的一种储能系统。工作原理为：在用电低谷，将空气压缩并存于储气室中，使电能转化为空气的内能存储起来；在用电高峰，高压空气从储气室释放，进入燃气轮机燃烧室同燃料一起燃烧，然后驱动透平发电。传统压缩空气储能系统的问题之一是仍然依赖燃烧化石燃料提供热源，一方面面临着化石燃料逐渐枯竭和价格上涨的威胁，另一方面其燃烧仍产生氮化物、硫化物和二氧化碳等污染物，不符合绿色(零排放)、可再生的能源发展要求。The traditional compressed air energy storage system is an energy storage system developed based on gas turbine technology. The working principle is: during low power consumption, the air is compressed and stored in the gas storage chamber, so that the internal energy converted from electric energy into air is stored; during the peak power consumption, high-pressure air is released from the gas storage chamber and enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the fuel. Combustion, and then drive the turbine to generate electricity. One of the problems of traditional compressed air energy storage systems is that they still rely on burning fossil fuels to provide heat sources. On the one hand, they are facing the threat of fossil fuels being depleted and prices rising. On the other hand, their combustion still produces pollutants such as nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, and carbon dioxide. , does not meet the green (zero emission), renewable energy development requirements.
由于世界各国对于燃料利用、环境保护提出了更高的要求，近些年国内外一些学者开展了对压缩空气储能系统的技术改进。其中，带蓄热装置的压缩空气储能系统是目前较为先进高效的一种储能方式，其核心的技术是利用一套蓄热装置来替代传统压缩空气储能系统中的燃烧室，储能时回收压缩机压缩空气产生的热能并将热量存储，实现压缩热的回收和存储，释能时利用回收的热能加热压缩空气，增加膨胀机的输出功，实现回收热量的再利用。该系统的优点是充分利用了能量，零排放环保无污染，解决了传统压缩空气储能系统仍需依赖燃烧化石燃料提供热源的难题。然而，目前蓄热式压缩空气储能系统存在级间换热器重复布置、系统流程不合理、占地多、成本高、热能利用率低及其导致的系统运行效率降低等问题。As countries around the world put forward higher requirements for fuel utilization and environmental protection, some scholars at home and abroad have carried out technical improvements to compressed air energy storage systems in recent years. Among them, the compressed air energy storage system with heat storage device is a relatively advanced and efficient energy storage method at present. Its core technology is to use a set of heat storage device to replace the combustion chamber in the traditional compressed air energy storage system. Recover the heat energy generated by the compressed air of the compressor and store the heat to realize the recovery and storage of the compression heat. When releasing the energy, use the recovered heat energy to heat the compressed air, increase the output work of the expander, and realize the reuse of the recovered heat. The advantage of this system is that it makes full use of energy, has zero emissions, is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and solves the problem that traditional compressed air energy storage systems still rely on burning fossil fuels to provide heat sources. However, the current regenerative compressed air energy storage system has problems such as repeated arrangement of inter-stage heat exchangers, unreasonable system flow, large area occupation, high cost, low thermal energy utilization rate and reduced system operating efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种蓄热式压缩空气储能系统。该系统在蓄热式压缩空气储能系统的基础上，重新优化系统工作流程，利用压缩机组和膨胀机组共用换热器的特性，并通过三通换向阀将压缩机组、蓄热装置和膨胀机组很好的耦合在一起，具有结构简单紧凑、系统效率高、换热效果好、造价低等优点。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a regenerative compressed air energy storage system. Based on the regenerative compressed air energy storage system, the system re-optimizes the system work flow, utilizes the characteristics of the heat exchanger shared by the compressor unit and the expansion unit, and connects the compressor unit, heat storage device and expansion unit through a three-way reversing valve. The units are well coupled together, and have the advantages of simple and compact structure, high system efficiency, good heat exchange effect, and low cost.
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案是：For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
一种蓄热式压缩空气储能系统，包括压缩机组、蓄热系统、膨胀机组和压缩空气存储装置，其特征在于，A regenerative compressed air energy storage system, comprising a compressor unit, a heat storage system, an expansion unit and a compressed air storage device, characterized in that,
--所述压缩机组包括至少两级压缩机，其中，第一级压缩机的进口接空气源，最后一级压缩机的出口与压缩空气存储装置的进口之间的通气管线上设置末级换热器，中间相邻两级压缩机之间的通气管线上设置有级间换热器；--The compressor unit includes at least two-stage compressors, wherein the inlet of the first-stage compressor is connected to the air source, and the final stage is set on the ventilation pipeline between the outlet of the last-stage compressor and the inlet of the compressed air storage device. Heater, and an interstage heat exchanger is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between adjacent two-stage compressors in the middle;
--所述膨胀机组包括至少两级膨胀机，其中，第一级膨胀机进口与压缩空气存储装置出口之间的通气管线上设置首级换热器，最后一级膨胀机出口通大气；中间相邻两级膨胀机之间的通气管线上设置有级间换热器；--The expansion unit includes at least two-stage expanders, wherein a first-stage heat exchanger is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between the inlet of the first-stage expander and the outlet of the compressed air storage device, and the outlet of the last-stage expander is open to the atmosphere; the middle An interstage heat exchanger is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between adjacent two-stage expanders;
--所述压缩机组中的末级换热器和所述膨胀机组中的首级换热器为同一换热器，最后一级压缩机的出口与该换热器的气侧端口A连接，该换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的进口连接，第一级膨胀机的进口与该换热器的气侧端口A连接，该换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的出口连接；所述压缩机组和膨胀机组中的级间换热器为共用的换热器，相邻两级压缩机中，上一级压缩机的出口与所述级间换热器的气侧端口A连接，所述级间换热器的气侧端口B与下一级压缩机的进口连接；相邻两级膨胀机中，上一级膨胀机的出口与所述级间换热器的气侧端口B连接，所述级间换热器的气侧端口A与下一级膨胀机的进口连接；--The last-stage heat exchanger in the compressor unit and the first-stage heat exchanger in the expansion unit are the same heat exchanger, and the outlet of the last-stage compressor is connected to the gas-side port A of the heat exchanger, The gas side port B of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the compressed air storage device, the inlet of the first stage expander is connected to the gas side port A of the heat exchanger, and the gas side port B of the heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air storage device The outlet of the device is connected; the interstage heat exchanger in the compressor unit and the expansion unit is a shared heat exchanger, and in the adjacent two-stage compressors, the outlet of the upper stage compressor and the interstage heat exchanger The gas-side port A is connected, and the gas-side port B of the interstage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the next-stage compressor; in the adjacent two-stage expander, the outlet of the upper-stage expander exchanges heat with the interstage The gas-side port B of the interstage heat exchanger is connected, and the gas-side port A of the interstage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the next-stage expander;
--所述蓄热系统包括冷罐和热罐，所有换热器的液侧端口A均通过通液管线与所述冷罐的进出液端口连通，所有换热器的液侧端口B均通过通液管线与所述热罐的进出液端口连通；--The heat storage system includes a cold tank and a hot tank. The liquid side ports A of all heat exchangers are connected with the inlet and outlet liquid ports of the cold tank through liquid pipelines, and the liquid side ports B of all heat exchangers are connected through The liquid pipeline communicates with the liquid inlet and outlet ports of the hot tank;
--各所述级间换热器的气侧端口A处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅰ，所述三通换向阀Ⅰ的端口a与级间换热器的气侧端口A连通，端口b与上一级压缩机的出口连通，端口c与下一级膨胀机的进口连通；各所述级间换热器的气侧端口B处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅱ，所述三通换向阀Ⅱ的端口a与级间换热器的气侧端口B连通，端口b与下一级压缩机的进口连通，端口c与上一级膨胀机的出口连通；所述末级换热器的气侧端口A处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅲ，所述三通换向阀Ⅲ的端口a与末级换热器的气侧端口A连通，端口b与最后一级压缩机的出口连通，端口c与第一级膨胀机的进口连通。--The gas-side port A of each interstage heat exchanger is provided with a three-way reversing valve I, and the port a of the three-way reversing valve I communicates with the gas-side port A of the inter-stage heat exchanger, and the port b is connected to the outlet of the upper stage compressor, and port c is connected to the inlet of the next stage expander; the gas side port B of each interstage heat exchanger is provided with a three-way reversing valve II, and the three-way Port a of reversing valve II communicates with port B on the gas side of the interstage heat exchanger, port b communicates with the inlet of the next-stage compressor, and port c communicates with the outlet of the upper-stage expander; A three-way reversing valve III is installed at the gas side port A of the three-way reversing valve III. The port a of the three-way reversing valve III communicates with the gas side port A of the final heat exchanger, and the port b communicates with the outlet of the last stage compressor. Connected, port c communicates with the inlet of the first stage expander.
优选地，所述压缩空气存储装置为密封岩洞、中高压储罐或压力管道的一种或几种的组合。Preferably, the compressed air storage device is one or a combination of sealed rock caves, medium and high pressure storage tanks or pressure pipelines.
优选地，所述末级换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的进口和出口之间的通气管线上均设置有控制阀门。Preferably, control valves are provided on the ventilation pipelines between the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger and the inlet and outlet of the compressed air storage device.
优选地，所述冷罐和/或热罐进出液端口处的通液管线上设置有液体泵。Preferably, a liquid pump is provided on the liquid line at the liquid inlet and outlet ports of the cold tank and/or the hot tank.
优选地，所述冷罐和/或热罐进出液端口处的通液管线上设置有控制阀门。Preferably, a control valve is provided on the liquid line at the inlet and outlet ports of the cold tank and/or the hot tank.
优选地，所述压缩空气储能系统储能时，各三通换向阀的端口a与端口b连通，端口a与端口c关闭，各三通换向阀与各级压缩机及相应换热器气侧相连的管线处于通路状态，各三通换向阀与各级膨胀机及相应换热器气侧相连的管线处于关闭状态；所述末级换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的进口之间的控制阀门打开，所述末级换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的出口之间的控制阀门关闭；所述冷罐中的低温换热介质在液体泵的驱动下流经所有换热器的液侧后汇流至所述热罐中。Preferably, when the compressed air energy storage system is storing energy, port a of each three-way reversing valve communicates with port b, port a and port c are closed, and each three-way reversing valve communicates with the compressors of each stage and the corresponding heat exchange The pipeline connected to the gas side of the device is in the open state, and the pipelines connected to the gas side of each three-way reversing valve and the expansion machines of each stage and the corresponding heat exchanger are in a closed state; the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air The control valve between the inlet of the storage device is opened, and the control valve between the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger and the outlet of the compressed air storage device is closed; It flows through the liquid sides of all heat exchangers and then flows into the heat tank.
优选地，所述压缩空气储能系统释能时，各三通换向阀的端口a与端口b关闭，端口a与端口c连通，各三通换向阀与各级压缩机及相应换热器气侧相连的管线处于关闭状态，各三通换向阀与各级膨胀机及相应换热器气侧相连的管线处于通路状态；所述末级换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的进口之间的控制阀门关闭，所述末级换热器的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置的出口之间的控制阀门打开；所述热罐中的高温换热介质在液体泵的驱动下流经所有换热器的液侧后汇流至所述冷罐中。Preferably, when the compressed air energy storage system releases energy, port a and port b of each three-way reversing valve are closed, port a and port c are connected, and each three-way reversing valve communicates with compressors of each stage and corresponding heat exchange The pipeline connected to the gas side of the device is in the closed state, and the pipelines connected to the gas side of each three-way reversing valve and the expansion machines of each stage and the corresponding heat exchanger are in the open state; the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air The control valve between the inlet of the storage device is closed, and the control valve between the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger and the outlet of the compressed air storage device is opened; It flows through the liquid sides of all heat exchangers and then flows into the cold tank.
优选地，所述压缩空气储能系统还包括驱动单元和动力输出单元，所述驱动单元与压缩机组的传动轴固接；所述动力输出单元与膨胀机组的传动轴固接。Preferably, the compressed air energy storage system further includes a driving unit and a power output unit, the driving unit is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft of the compressor unit; the power output unit is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft of the expansion unit.
优选地，各换热器为管壳式、板翅式、板式、螺旋管式、套管式、板壳式、板圈式、管翅式、热管式中的一种或几种的组合。Preferably, each heat exchanger is one or a combination of shell-and-tube, plate-fin, plate, spiral tube, casing, plate-shell, plate-circle, tube-fin, and heat pipe.
优选地，所述冷罐用于储存温度低于压缩后空气温度的换热介质，为绝热保温常压或加压容器；所述热罐用于储存温度高于压缩空气存储装置的换热介质，为绝热保温常压或加压容器。Preferably, the cold tank is used to store the heat exchange medium whose temperature is lower than that of the compressed air, and is a thermally insulated normal pressure or pressurized container; the hot tank is used to store the heat exchange medium whose temperature is higher than that of the compressed air storage device , is a heat-insulating normal-pressure or pressurized container.
优选地，所述换热介质为水、乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇、导热油、熔融盐或离子液体的一种或几种的组合。Preferably, the heat exchange medium is one or a combination of water, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, heat transfer oil, molten salt or ionic liquid.
优选地，各所述三通换向阀为手动、机动、电磁动、液动或电液动操纵控制方式的一种。Preferably, each of the three-way reversing valves is controlled by one of manual, motorized, electromagnetic, hydraulic or electro-hydraulic control methods.
优选地，所述液体泵为双向泵。Preferably, the liquid pump is a bidirectional pump.
优选地，所述冷罐进出液端口处设有并联的主通液管线和旁通管路，所述主通液管线上设置有主控制阀门和液体泵，所述旁通管路上设置有旁通控制阀门和冷却器，当所述主控制阀门关闭、旁通控制阀门打开时，所述冷却器工作，用以进一步降低回流至所述冷罐中的换热介质的温度。Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the cold tank are provided with a parallel main liquid flow line and a bypass line, the main liquid line is provided with a main control valve and a liquid pump, and the bypass line is provided with a bypass When the main control valve is closed and the bypass control valve is opened, the cooler works to further reduce the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing back into the cold tank.
优选地，所述冷却器通过管线与热泵等系统相连接，使其可用于空调、制冷等不同用途。Preferably, the cooler is connected to systems such as heat pumps through pipelines, so that it can be used for different purposes such as air conditioning and refrigeration.
优选地，所述与外界相连接的管线可与热泵等系统相连接，使其可用于空调、制冷等不同用途。Preferably, the pipelines connected to the outside world can be connected to systems such as heat pumps, so that they can be used for different purposes such as air conditioning and refrigeration.
本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统，其相对于现有技术的优点在于：该系统在蓄热式压缩空气储能系统的基础上，将压缩机组侧换热器和膨胀机组侧换热器进行了优化布置，利用压缩机组和膨胀机组共用换热器的特性，并利用三通换向阀将压缩机组、蓄热装置和膨胀机组很好的耦合在一起，解决了蓄热式压缩空气储能系统级间换热器重复布置、系统流程不合理、占地多、成本高、热能利用率低及其导致的系统运行效率降低等问题，本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统具有结构简单紧凑、系统效率高、换热效果好、造价低等优点。Compared with the prior art, the regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention has the advantage that, on the basis of the regenerative compressed air energy storage system, the heat exchanger on the side of the compressor unit and the side of the expander unit are heat-exchanged The arrangement of the heat exchanger is optimized, using the characteristics of the heat exchanger shared by the compressor unit and the expansion unit, and using the three-way reversing valve to couple the compressor unit, the heat storage device and the expansion unit well, and solve the problem of heat storage compressed air The energy storage system has problems such as repeated arrangement of inter-stage heat exchangers, unreasonable system flow, large land occupation, high cost, low thermal energy utilization rate and reduced system operation efficiency. The regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention has the advantages of It has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high system efficiency, good heat exchange effect and low cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统实施例1的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.
图2为本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统实施例2的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述，以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围，任何本技术领域的技术人员所想到的变化或替代，都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific implementation of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统，其包括：驱动单元1、压缩机2和4、换热器3和5、压缩空气存储装置6、膨胀机7和8、发电机27、冷罐9、热罐10、三通换向阀12、15和18、泵29、阀门21、23、28和33、管线11、13、14、16、17、19、20、22、24、25、26、30、31和32。As shown in Figure 1, the regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention includes: drive unit 1, compressors 2 and 4, heat exchangers 3 and 5, compressed air storage device 6, expanders 7 and 8, Generator 27, cold tank 9, hot tank 10, three-way reversing valves 12, 15 and 18, pump 29, valves 21, 23, 28 and 33, pipelines 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31 and 32.
具体的，本发明的蓄热式压缩空气储能系统包括压缩机组2、4、蓄热系统、膨胀机组7、8和压缩空气存储装置6，压缩机组2、4包括至少两级压缩机，其中，第一级压缩机2的进口接空气源A，最后一级压缩机4的出口与压缩空气存储装置6的进口之间的通气管线上设置末级换热器5，中间相邻两级压缩机2、4之间的通气管线上设置有级间换热器3。Specifically, the regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the present invention includes compressor units 2, 4, a heat storage system, expansion units 7, 8 and a compressed air storage device 6, and the compressor units 2, 4 include at least two stages of compressors, wherein , the inlet of the first-stage compressor 2 is connected to the air source A, and the last-stage heat exchanger 5 is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between the outlet of the last-stage compressor 4 and the inlet of the compressed air storage device 6, and the two adjacent stages of compression in the middle An interstage heat exchanger 3 is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between the machines 2 and 4.
膨胀机组7、8包括至少两级膨胀机，其中，第一级膨胀机7进口与与压缩空气存储装置6出口之间的通气管线上设置首级换热器5，最后一级膨胀机8出口通大气B；中间相邻两级膨胀机7、8之间的通气管线上设置有级间换热器3。The expansion units 7 and 8 include at least two stages of expanders, wherein a first-stage heat exchanger 5 is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between the inlet of the first-stage expander 7 and the outlet of the compressed air storage device 6, and the outlet of the last-stage expander 8 is Ventilate the atmosphere B; an interstage heat exchanger 3 is arranged on the ventilation pipeline between the adjacent two-stage expanders 7 and 8 in the middle.
压缩机组2、4中的末级换热器5和膨胀机组7、8中的首级换热器5为同一换热器，最后一级压缩机4的出口与该换热器5的气侧端口A连接，该换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的进口连接，第一级膨胀机7的进口与该换热器5的气侧端口A连接，该换热器5的气侧端口B压缩空气存储装置6的出口连接；压缩机组2、4和膨胀机组7、8中的级间换热器3为共用的换热器3，相邻两级压缩机2、4中，上一级压缩机2的出口与级间换热器3的气侧端口A连接，级间换热器3的气侧端口B与下一级压缩机4的进口连接；相邻两级膨胀机7、8中，上一级膨胀机7的出口与级间换热器3的气侧端口B连接，级间换热器3的气侧端口A与下一级膨胀机8的进口连接。The final stage heat exchanger 5 in the compressor unit 2, 4 and the first stage heat exchanger 5 in the expansion unit 7, 8 are the same heat exchanger, and the outlet of the last stage compressor 4 is connected to the gas side of the heat exchanger 5 Port A is connected, the gas-side port B of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the compressed air storage device 6, the inlet of the first-stage expander 7 is connected to the gas-side port A of the heat exchanger 5, and the heat exchanger 5 The gas side port B of the compressed air storage device 6 is connected to the outlet of the compressed air storage device 6; the interstage heat exchanger 3 in the compressor unit 2, 4 and the expansion unit 7, 8 is a shared heat exchanger 3, and the adjacent two-stage compressors 2, 4 Among them, the outlet of the upper stage compressor 2 is connected to the gas side port A of the interstage heat exchanger 3, and the gas side port B of the interstage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the next stage compressor 4; two adjacent stages In the expanders 7 and 8, the outlet of the upper stage expander 7 is connected to the gas side port B of the interstage heat exchanger 3, and the gas side port A of the interstage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the next stage expander 8 .
蓄热系统包括冷罐9和热罐10，所有换热器3、5的液侧端口A均通过通液管线与冷罐9的进出液端口连通，所有换热器3、5的液侧端口B均通过通液管线与热罐10的进出液端口连通。The heat storage system includes a cold tank 9 and a hot tank 10. The liquid side ports A of all heat exchangers 3 and 5 are connected to the inlet and outlet liquid ports of the cold tank 9 through liquid pipelines, and the liquid side ports of all heat exchangers 3 and 5 are B are all communicated with the inlet and outlet ports of the hot tank 10 through the liquid pipeline.
各级间换热器3的气侧端口A处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅰ12，三通换向阀Ⅰ12的端口a与级间换热器3的气侧端口A连通，端口b与上一级压缩机2的出口连通，端口c与下一级膨胀机8的进口连通；各级间换热器3的气侧端口B处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅱ15，三通换向阀Ⅱ15的端口a与级间换热器3的气侧端口B连通，端口b与下一级压缩机4的进口连通，端口c与上一级膨胀机7的出口连通；末级换热器5的气侧端口A处均设置有三通换向阀Ⅲ18，三通换向阀Ⅲ18的端口a与末级换热器5的气侧端口A连通，端口b与最后一级压缩机4的出口连通，端口c与第一级膨胀机7的进口连通。The gas side port A of the interstage heat exchanger 3 is equipped with a three-way reversing valve I12, the port a of the three-way reversing valve I12 is connected with the gas side port A of the interstage heat exchanger 3, and the port b is connected with the previous The outlet of the first-stage compressor 2 is connected, and the port c is connected with the inlet of the next-stage expander 8; the gas side port B of the inter-stage heat exchanger 3 is provided with a three-way reversing valve II15, and the three-way reversing valve II15 Port a communicates with port B on the gas side of the interstage heat exchanger 3, port b communicates with the inlet of the next-stage compressor 4, port c communicates with the outlet of the upper-stage expander 7; A three-way reversing valve III18 is installed at the side port A, port a of the three-way reversing valve III18 is connected with the gas side port A of the final heat exchanger 5, port b is connected with the outlet of the last stage compressor 4, and port b is connected with the outlet of the last stage compressor 4. c communicates with the inlet of the first-stage expander 7 .
末级换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的进口和出口之间的通气管线上均设置有控制阀门。冷罐9和/或热罐10进出液端口处的通液管线上设置有液体泵29。冷罐9和/或热罐10进出液端口处的通液管线上设置有控制阀门。Control valves are provided on the ventilation lines between the gas side port B of the final stage heat exchanger 5 and the inlet and outlet of the compressed air storage device 6 . A liquid pump 29 is arranged on the liquid line at the inlet and outlet ports of the cold tank 9 and/or the hot tank 10 . A control valve is arranged on the liquid line at the inlet and outlet ports of the cold tank 9 and/or the hot tank 10 .
本发明的压缩空气储能系统储能时，各三通换向阀12、15、18的端口a与端口b连通，端口a与端口c关闭，各三通换向阀12、15、18与各级压缩机2、4及相应换热器3、5气侧相连的管线处于通路状态，各三通换向阀12、15、18与各级膨胀机7、8及相应换热器3、5气侧相连的管线处于关闭状态；末级换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的进口之间的控制阀门打开，末级换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的出口之间的控制阀门关闭；冷罐9中的低温换热介质在液体泵29的驱动下流经所有换热器3、5的液侧后汇流至热罐10中。When the compressed air energy storage system of the present invention stores energy, port a of each three-way reversing valve 12, 15, 18 communicates with port b, port a and port c are closed, and each three-way reversing valve 12, 15, 18 and The pipelines connected to the gas side of the compressors 2, 4 of each stage and the corresponding heat exchangers 3, 5 are in the open state, and the three-way reversing valves 12, 15, 18 are connected with the expanders 7, 8 of each stage and the corresponding heat exchangers 3, 5 The pipeline connected to the gas side is closed; the control valve between the gas side port B of the final heat exchanger 5 and the inlet of the compressed air storage device 6 is opened, and the gas side port B of the final heat exchanger 5 is connected to the compressed air The control valve between the outlets of the storage device 6 is closed; the low-temperature heat exchange medium in the cold tank 9 is driven by the liquid pump 29 to flow through the liquid sides of all heat exchangers 3 and 5 and then flow into the hot tank 10 .
本发明的压缩空气储能系统释能时，各三通换向阀12、15、18的端口a与端口b关闭，端口a与端口c连通，各三通换向阀12、15、18与各级压缩机2、4及相应换热器3、5气侧相连的管线处于关闭状态，各三通换向阀12、15、18与各级膨胀机7、8及相应换热器3、5气侧相连的管线处于通路状态；末级换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的进口之间的控制阀门关闭，末级换热器5的气侧端口B与压缩空气存储装置6的出口之间的控制阀门打开；热罐10中的高温换热介质在液体泵29的驱动下流经所有换热器3、5的液侧后汇流至冷罐9中。When the compressed air energy storage system of the present invention releases energy, port a and port b of each three-way reversing valve 12, 15, 18 are closed, port a is connected to port c, and each three-way reversing valve 12, 15, 18 is connected to port c. The pipelines connected to the gas side of the compressors 2, 4 of each stage and the corresponding heat exchangers 3, 5 are closed, and the three-way reversing valves 12, 15, 18 are connected with the expanders 7, 8 of each stage and the corresponding heat exchangers 3, 5 The pipeline connected to the gas side is in the open state; the control valve between the gas side port B of the final heat exchanger 5 and the inlet of the compressed air storage device 6 is closed, and the gas side port B of the final heat exchanger 5 is connected to the compressed air The control valve between the outlets of the storage device 6 is opened; the high-temperature heat exchange medium in the hot tank 10 is driven by the liquid pump 29 to flow through the liquid sides of all heat exchangers 3 and 5 and then flow into the cold tank 9 .
驱动单元1与压缩机组2、4的传动轴固接；动力输出单元27与膨胀机组7、8的传动轴固接。The drive unit 1 is fixedly connected to the transmission shafts of the compressor units 2 and 4 ; the power output unit 27 is fixedly connected to the transmission shafts of the expansion units 7 and 8 .
储能时，泵29、阀门28、33、21开启，阀门23关闭，三通换向阀12、15、18与压缩机组2、4及换热器3、5气侧相连的管线11、13、14、16、17、19处于通路状态。此时，驱动单元1驱动压缩机2将空气压缩，高温高压的压缩空气流经管线11、三通换向阀12和管线13后进入换热器3，从换热器3出来的常温高压压缩空气流经管线14、三通换向阀15和管线16进入压缩机4进一步压缩，再经管线17、三通换向阀18和管线19进入换热器5换热，经换热后的高压压缩空气流经管线20、阀门21后进入压缩空气存储装置6存储。在此过程中，冷罐9中的低温换热介质在泵29的作用下，依次流经阀门28和管线30后分别进入换热器3和5液体侧去吸收空气压缩过程中的压缩热，吸热后的高温换热介质流经管线31、32和阀门33进入热罐10中将热量存储。During energy storage, the pump 29, valves 28, 33, and 21 are opened, the valve 23 is closed, and the three-way reversing valves 12, 15, 18 are connected to the pipelines 11, 13 connected to the compressor unit 2, 4 and the gas side of the heat exchanger 3, 5 , 14, 16, 17, 19 are in the access state. At this time, the drive unit 1 drives the compressor 2 to compress the air, and the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air flows through the pipeline 11, the three-way reversing valve 12 and the pipeline 13 and then enters the heat exchanger 3, and the normal temperature and high pressure air from the heat exchanger 3 is compressed The air flows through the pipeline 14, the three-way reversing valve 15 and the pipeline 16 and enters the compressor 4 for further compression, and then enters the heat exchanger 5 through the pipeline 17, the three-way reversing valve 18 and the pipeline 19 for heat exchange. The compressed air flows through the pipeline 20 and the valve 21 and enters the compressed air storage device 6 for storage. During this process, the low-temperature heat exchange medium in the cold tank 9 flows through the valve 28 and the pipeline 30 in sequence under the action of the pump 29, and then enters the liquid sides of the heat exchangers 3 and 5 to absorb the compression heat during the air compression process. After absorbing heat, the high-temperature heat exchange medium flows through pipelines 31, 32 and valve 33 into the heat tank 10 to store heat.
释能时，泵29，阀门23、28、33开启，阀门21关闭，三通换向阀12、15、18与膨胀机组7、8及换热器5、3气侧相连的管线19、24、25、14、13、26处于通路状态。此时，压缩空气存储装置6中的空气经管线22和阀门23进入换热器5，换热后的空气再经管线19、三通换向阀18和管线24进入膨胀机7，从膨胀机7出来的低温空气经管线25、三通换向阀15和管线14后进入换热器3吸收热量，再流经管线13、三通换向阀12和管线26进入膨胀机8膨胀做功，带动发电机27发电。在此过程中，热罐10中的高温换热介质在泵29作用下，依次流经阀门33、管线31和32后分别进入换热器3和5去加热从压缩空气存储装置6中释放的空气，换热后的低温换热介质再经管线30、泵29和阀门28进入冷罐9中存储。When the energy is released, the pump 29, the valves 23, 28, 33 are opened, the valve 21 is closed, and the three-way reversing valves 12, 15, 18 are connected to the expansion units 7, 8 and the pipelines 19, 24 on the gas side of the heat exchangers 5, 3 , 25, 14, 13, 26 are in the access state. At this time, the air in the compressed air storage device 6 enters the heat exchanger 5 through the pipeline 22 and the valve 23, and the air after heat exchange enters the expander 7 through the pipeline 19, the three-way reversing valve 18 and the pipeline 24, and from the expander The low-temperature air coming out of 7 enters the heat exchanger 3 to absorb heat after passing through the pipeline 25, the three-way reversing valve 15 and the pipeline 14, and then flows through the pipeline 13, the three-way reversing valve 12 and the pipeline 26 to enter the expander 8 to expand and perform work, driving The generator 27 generates electricity. During this process, the high-temperature heat exchange medium in the heat tank 10, under the action of the pump 29, flows through the valve 33, the pipelines 31 and 32 in sequence, and then enters the heat exchangers 3 and 5 to heat the air released from the compressed air storage device 6. The air and the low-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange enter the cold tank 9 through the pipeline 30, the pump 29 and the valve 28 for storage.
实施例2Example 2
如图2所示，本发明的实施例2其主体结构与实施例1相同，另增加了冷却器34、阀门35和36以及与外界相连接的管线37和38。其中，储能时，阀门36关闭，阀门35开启，工作流程与实施例一保持一致；释能时，阀门35关闭，阀门36开启，此时通过冷却器34进一步降低从换热器5和3液体侧出来的换热介质温度，从而使得冷罐9在储能阶段能够为换热器3和5液体侧提供温度更低的换热介质，进一步增强储热能力，提高系统效率。另外，冷却器34与外界相连通的管线37、38可与热泵等系统相连接，使其可用于空调、制冷等不同用途。As shown in FIG. 2 , the main structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and a cooler 34 , valves 35 and 36 and pipelines 37 and 38 connected to the outside world are added. Wherein, during energy storage, valve 36 is closed and valve 35 is opened, and the working process is consistent with Embodiment 1; when energy is released, valve 35 is closed and valve 36 is opened. The temperature of the heat exchange medium coming out of the liquid side enables the cold tank 9 to provide a lower temperature heat exchange medium for the liquid sides of the heat exchangers 3 and 5 during the energy storage stage, further enhancing the heat storage capacity and improving the system efficiency. In addition, the pipelines 37 and 38 connecting the cooler 34 with the outside world can be connected with systems such as heat pumps, so that they can be used for different purposes such as air conditioning and refrigeration.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明。所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be Included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN106438297B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of heat accumulating type compressed-air energy-storage system of temperature self-adaptation |
| JP6731377B2 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2020-07-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Compressed air storage power generation device and compressed air storage power generation method |
| CN107780989B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2025-03-14 | 浙江大学 | A compressed air power storage system |
| CN108224535B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-03-24 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Complementary integrated system of cogeneration of thermal power plant and compressed air energy storage |
| CN110578559B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-03-19 | 清华大学 | Compressed air energy storage and heat regeneration system and method |
| CN110206598B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-04-01 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Heat pump energy storage power generation system based on indirect cold storage and heat storage |
| CN110793802B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-09-07 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A double-closed intercooling compressor experimental system |
| CN112901462A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-04 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Compressed air energy storage system and method based on improved efficient heat storage device |
| CN113027734A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-25 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Compressed air energy storage system and method based on heat storage and release common loop |
| CN113062846A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-02 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Multi-source compact heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage comprehensive utilization system and method |
| CN113062849A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-02 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Combined heat-storage compact compressed air energy storage system and method |
| CN115898829A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-04-04 | 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 | CAES system shared by modularly configured heat exchange systems and use method |
| CN116292203A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-06-23 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Compact hierarchical compressed air energy storage system |
| CN116292201A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-06-23 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Graded compressed air energy storage system coupled with power generation system |
| CN116447109A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-18 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Heat-insulating compressed air energy storage system sharing heat exchanger and switching method |
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| CN101289963A (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Compressed Air Energy Storage System |
| US8063511B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-11-22 | Expansion Energy, Llc | System and method for liquid air production, power storage and power release |
| CN102052256B (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Supercritical air energy storage system |
| CN102758690B (en) * | 2012-07-29 | 2014-08-27 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Efficient high-pressure liquid air energy storage/release system |
| CN205422944U (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Heat accumulation formula compressed air energy storage system |
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