CN105369956B - Waterproof slope design method for point type glass daylighting roof - Google Patents
Waterproof slope design method for point type glass daylighting roof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 296
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a waterproof slope design method of a point type glass daylighting roof, which selects laminated glass, wherein the laminated glass comprises two pieces of glass with the thickness of t, the minimum waterproof slope which is required to be reserved by the daylighting roof is obtained by the following formula,wherein: dfMaximum deflection of the middle of the glass, △ h drainage height difference of the end of the glass, b length of the long side of the glass, α water-proof gradient of the glass daylighting roof, v Poisson's ratio of the glass, E elastic modulus of the glass, gammagThe minimum waterproof gradient which the spot type glass daylighting roof should keep can be obtained under the condition that the spot type glass daylighting roof is ensured not to accumulate water by using the design method disclosed by the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of point supported glass lighting roof, more particularly to a kind of point supported glass lighting roof is prevented
Water slope design method.
Background technology
Design of glass lighting roof be mainly to solve the problems, such as that the inside daylighting built produces, in early days in the mid-19th century just
Occur (London fair " the Crystal Palace " mansion in 1851).Design of glass lighting roof can make full use of natural light, increase building and environment
Affinity, therefore be widely adopted under construction.
Glass lighting withstands on top of building, directly receives to include the rainwater such as nature rainwater, accumulated snow source.Design of glass lighting roof
Most common quality problems are exactly rain leakage.Design of glass lighting roof waterproof basic skills, has been summed up two kinds：When " leading ",
Using the gradient of design of glass lighting roof, the rapid exclusion that top surface rainwater is made the best use of the situation, make seepage possibility be reduced to it is minimum；Two
It is " stifled ", using waterproof material, the gap between glass, component is blocked, to prevent rain leakage.Wherein, the first is main side
Face, good water-proof effect, saving of labor, material-saving.Therefore, the waterproof measure of design of glass lighting roof, should be based on the first.
Because design of glass lighting roof sets drainage grade, it is possible to realize natural drainage.Therefore, the waterproof of design of glass lighting roof,
Key in design is exactly the selection of the waterproof gradient.The waterproof gradient selection of design of glass lighting roof, should meet architectural appearance and structure
The needs made, it can also meet the needs of draining.Architectural, design of glass lighting roof considers from outward appearance and construction angle, the slope of roof
Wish as far as possible gentle, the waterproof gradient will not typically set too big；And consider from water-proof function angle, to meet the needs of draining,
The roof waterproof gradient wishes to set greatly a bit.Therefore, the reasonable selection lighting roof waterproof gradient is answered, is meeting the situation of draining needs
Under, select the as far as possible small waterproof gradient.
Architectural, the waterproof gradient of roofing generally use is 2%.For using without the smooth glass in water imbibition, surface
For the design of glass lighting roof of glass material composition, the waterproof gradient of design of glass lighting roof can be less than 2%, but also still need reservation one
Fixed drainage grade.
And the particularity of point supported glass lighting roof is：Larger change under Gravitative Loads be present in the glass of point supporting
Shape, it is more much bigger than the deformation of supported along four sides glass.The lower flexure strain of glass is effectively equivalent to reduce the local draining of glass
The gradient.Excessive lower flexure strain is it is also possible to more than the draining discrepancy in elevation for designing glass under the waterproof gradient, by the local draining height of glass
Difference becomes negative value, at this moment will result in the local seeping phenomenon of glass.
Such as：A certain point type design of glass lighting roof engineering, it is found that lighting roof glass ponding is serious.
The engineering uses 1m × 2m 6/1.52PVB/6 doubling glass, integrally sets the 2% waterproof gradient.See Fig. 1, it is
Glass draining cathetometer nomogram.
Calculated by the 2% waterproof gradient, 2000mm long sides, glass end drain height difference is：
Δ h=b × α=2000 × 2%=40mm
The draining discrepancy in elevation in the middle part of glass is the half of the glass end discrepancy in elevation, as 20mm.
Maximum defluxion d in the middle part of glassf, press《Building glass application technology code》Formula (9.3.3- in JGJ113-2009
1) calculate：
Wherein：
μ --- glass flexibility factor, by the ratio between glass short side and long sideTable look-up (9.3.3) obtain, μ
=0.01417
Q --- the standard value of glass gravity laod, q=12mm × 25.6kN/m3=0.3072kPa
B --- the long length of side of glass, b=2m
The rigidity of D --- glass, by by《Building glass application technology code》Formula (9.3.3-2) in JGJ113-2009
Calculate：
The modulus of elasticity of E --- glass, E=0.72 × 105MPa
The Poisson's ratio of v --- glass, v=0.2
te--- the equivalent thickness of glass
Then：
In the middle part of glass under gravity, the draining discrepancy in elevation that its lower amount of deflection has exceeded in the middle part of glass reaches 25.8-20=
5.8mm.The reason for ponding being produced here it is glass.
As can be seen here, even if setting the 2% waterproof gradient, under gravity, its middle part is still likely to occur draining to glass
The inadequate problem of the discrepancy in elevation, is inevitably generated seeping phenomenon.
In view of this, in order to design the rational waterproof gradient, research and development of the present inventor based on association area, and pass through not
Disconnected test and improvement, and then have the generation of the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of waterproof slope design method of point supported glass lighting roof, can ensure point type glass
Glass lighting roof in the case of ponding, does not draw the minimum waterproof gradient that lighting roof should retain.
For the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of waterproof slope design method of point supported glass lighting roof, and it is from folder
Glue glass, described doubling glass include the glass that two panels thickness is t, and it has following design procedure：
1) condition that lower amount of deflection of the doubling glass under gravity in the middle part of glass should meet is calculated：
Wherein：
dfMaximum defluxion in the middle part of-glass；
△ h- glass end drain height is poor；
The long length of side of b- glass；
The waterproof gradient of α-design of glass lighting roof；
2) the maximum defluxion d of the middle part of doubling glass under gravity is calculatedf：
Wherein：
The Poisson's ratio of v- glass；
The modulus of elasticity of E- glass；
γgThe force density standard value of-glass；
μ-glass flexibility factor；
3) two formula in step 1) and step 2), draw the requirement to waterproof gradient α：
α0For the minimum waterproof gradient that in the case of guarantee point supported glass lighting roof not ponding, lighting roof should retain.
The waterproof slope design method of described point supported glass lighting roof, wherein, described doubling glass is by two panels thickness
It is 5mm glass composition, the related table of amount of deflection maximum is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The related table of waterproof gradient minimum value is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The waterproof slope design method of described point supported glass lighting roof, wherein, described doubling glass is by two panels thickness
It is 6mm glass composition, the related table of amount of deflection maximum is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The related table of waterproof gradient minimum value is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The waterproof slope design method of described point supported glass lighting roof, wherein, described doubling glass is by two panels thickness
It is 8mm glass composition, the related table of amount of deflection maximum is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The related table of waterproof gradient minimum value is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity
The waterproof slope design method of described point supported glass lighting roof, wherein, described doubling glass is by two panels thickness
It is 10mm glass composition, the related table of amount of deflection maximum is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The related table of waterproof gradient minimum value is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The waterproof slope design method of described point supported glass lighting roof, wherein, described doubling glass is by two panels thickness
It is 12mm glass composition, the related table of amount of deflection maximum is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity：
The related table of waterproof gradient minimum value is under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：By design method provided by the present invention, point supported glass daylighting can ensured
Top in the case of ponding, does not draw the minimum waterproof gradient that lighting roof should retain, so as to realize natural drainage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is glass draining cathetometer nomogram；
Table 1-1 is that amount of deflection is most under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 5mm
The related table being worth greatly；
Table 1-2 is waterproof slope under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 5mm
Spend the related table of minimum value；
Table 2-1 is that amount of deflection is most under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 6mm
The related table being worth greatly；
Table 2-2 is waterproof slope under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 6mm
Spend the related table of minimum value；
Table 3-1 is that amount of deflection is most under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 8mm
The related table being worth greatly；
Table 3-2 is waterproof slope under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 8mm
Spend the related table of minimum value；
Table 4-1 is amount of deflection under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 10mm
The related table of maximum；
Table 4-2 is waterproof under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 10mm
The related table of gradient minimum value；
Table 5-1 is amount of deflection under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 12mm
The related table of maximum；
Table 5-2 is waterproof under point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 12mm
The related table of gradient minimum value.
Embodiment
About the present invention to reach above-mentioned application target and effect and used technological means, now enumerate preferably feasible
Embodiment, details are as follows：
Analyzed by background technology, the selection of the design of glass lighting roof waterproof gradient, not only to consider the overall row of lighting roof
The water gradient, it is often more important that to consider the local draining discrepancy in elevation problem of glass.
Obviously, the seeping phenomenon in the middle part of lighting roof glass is avoided, the amount of deflection of glass middle part under gravity can not surpass
Cross the draining discrepancy in elevation of the glass in the case where designing the waterproof gradient.Here it is the requirement to selecting the design of glass lighting roof waterproof gradient.
That is, the lower amount of deflection in the middle part of glass should meet under gravity：
(formula 1)
Wherein：
df--- the maximum defluxion in the middle part of glass, it can press《Building glass application technology code》Formula in JGJ113-2009
(9.3.3-1) is calculated
B --- the long length of side of glass；
The waterproof gradient of α --- design of glass lighting roof；
(formula 1)
Exactly judge that the design of glass lighting roof waterproof gradient chooses whether rational formula.This judges formula, is adopted suitable for all glass
Spire, including point supported glass lighting roof, glass awning.
Illustrate point supported glass lighting roof thickness of glass and the relation of deformation below：
The glass of point supported glass lighting roof typically uses doubling glass, the maximum defluxion d of its middle part under gravityf,
Press《Building glass application technology code》Formula (9.3.3-1) calculates in JGJ113-2009：
(formula 2)
In view of in most cases, lighting roof glass is typically synthesized using the doubling of the sheet glass of uniform thickness two, thus, it is false
It is t to determine the doubling glass of lighting roof by thickness1=t2=t two sheet glass composition.
The force density standard value of glass is γg.Then, the standard value of glass gravity laod is：
Q=γg(t1+t2The γ of)=2gt
The equivalent thickness of glass is：
Then, (formula 2) can continue to be reduced to：
(formula 3)
By(formula 3)
It can be seen that point supported glass lighting roof is in the case of its glass length of side is constant, glass maximum defluxion and monolithic under gravity
Thickness of glass square is inversely proportional.
This explanation, the increase of doubling glass thickness, will substantially reduce the gravity amount of deflection of glass, for example, working as doubling glass
Monolithic glass thickness when being changed into 8mm from 6mm, glass amount of deflection will be reduced to original 56.3%, and effect is fairly obvious.
By taking engineering above as an example, amount of deflection is under the glass that 1m × 2m 6/1.52PVB/6 doubling glass calculates
25.8mm.If being changed to 8/1.52PVB/8 doubling glass, amount of deflection will be reduced to 14.5mm under glass, reduce 25.8-14.5=
11.3mm.At this moment, the amount of deflection under glass gravity can meetRequirement, seeping phenomenon will not be produced in the middle part of glass.
Therefore, the point supported glass lighting roof waterproof gradient and the relation of thickness of glass are：
(formula 3) is applied to(formula 1), is obtained：
(formula 4)
Will(formula 4) is changed, and is expressed as the requirement to the waterproof gradient：
(formula 5)
It is to judge the whether rational formula of the waterproof gradient.
Here, if order：
(formula 6)
Then,(formula 5) is expressed as：
α≥α0(formula 7)
α≥α0(formula 7) shows, α0To ensure point supported glass lighting roof not in the case of ponding, what lighting roof should retain
The minimum waterproof gradient.
From square being inversely proportional for, the lighting roof minimum waterproof gradient and monolithic glass thickness.This explanation, doubling glass are thick
The increase of degree, the requirement to the lighting roof waterproof gradient can be greatly reduced.
By taking engineering above as an example, 1m × 2m 6/1.52PVB/6 doubling glass, minimum anti-of lighting roof is calculated
Water slope requirement is 2.58%, the waterproof gradient more than intrinsic 2%.This explanation, by the intrinsic 2% waterproof gradient,
Ponding certainly be present in the middle part of glass.
If using 8/1.52PVB/8 doubling glass instead, calculating the minimum waterproof slope requirement of lighting roof is
1.45%, the waterproof gradient less than intrinsic 2%.At this moment, by intrinsic 2% the waterproof gradient, will not in the middle part of glass
Ponding be present.
Analyze (formula 6), it is understood that：The lighting roof minimum waterproof gradient and the monolithic glass thickness of lighting roof doubling glass
Square it is inversely proportional.Thus, we can draw the following conclusions：
1) thickness of lighting roof doubling glass is increased, it is fairly obvious to reducing the effect of the lighting roof minimum waterproof gradient.
2) the waterproof gradient is smaller, and the thickness of lighting roof doubling glass will be thicker, and this necessarily increases construction costs.
3) if the waterproof gradient takes greatly, it is possible to reduces thickness of glass, this can reduce construction costs.
Therefore, do point supported glass lighting roof design when, the suitable waterproof gradient should be selected, if simply emphasize daylighting
The gentle effect (architect wishes that the discrepancy in elevation of lighting roof is as far as possible small sometimes) on top, then easily trigger rainwater to ooze there may be ponding
Leakage, or need to increase thickness of glass and increase construction costs.
So the principle of the selection waterproof gradient is：The selection of the waterproof gradient, to take into account architectural effect and construction costs will
Ask, select less thickness of glass or the waterproof gradient, find thickness of glass and the advantageous combination of waterproof gradient parameter.
Due to the ratio between the short side of glass flexibility factor μ and glass, long sideNon-linear relation, we can not derive a little
The analytic formula of the waterproof gradient of formula design of glass lighting roof and the relation of thickness of glass, but we can utilize
(formula 3),
(formula 6),
Common thickness of glass and the related table of gravity amount of deflection, the minimum waterproof gradient are listed by numerical computations.
When we carry out numerical computations, the following common lighting roof glass parameter of selection is carried out：
1) glass bond length a=900~2100 (interval 100).
2) the ratio between the short side of glass, long side0.3,0.4,0.5,0.55,0.6,0.65,0.70,0.75,0.80,
0.85,0.90,0.95,1 (this ratio series quoted from《Building glass application technology code》Table (9.3.3) in JGJ113-2009).
3) thickness of glass t=5+5,6+6,8+8,10+10,12+12 (do not mark PVB film stock thickness).
See table 1-1, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 5mm
The related table of lower amount of deflection maximum
Table 1-1
See table 1-2, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 5mm
The related table of lower waterproof gradient minimum value
Table 1-2
See table 2-1, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 6mm
The related table of lower amount of deflection maximum
Table 2-1
See table 2-2, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 6mm
The related table of lower waterproof gradient minimum value
Table 2-2
See table 3-1, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 8mm
The related table of lower amount of deflection maximum
Table 3-1
See table 3-2, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 8mm
The related table of lower waterproof gradient minimum value
Table 3-2
See table 4-1, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 10mm
The related table of lower amount of deflection maximum
Table 4-1
See table 4-2, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 10mm
The related table of lower waterproof gradient minimum value
Table 4-2
See table 5-1, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 12m
The related table of lower amount of deflection maximum
Table 5-1
See table 5-2, it is point supported glass lighting roof glass gravity when inside and outside thickness of doubling glass is equal to 12mm
The related table of lower waterproof gradient minimum value
Table 5-2
To data in table, it is necessary to which explanation is：
1) deflection value of glass under gravity, it is to calculate to determine by (formula 3) herein.
2) glass amount of deflection exceedes long edge lengths 1/60, due to that will not be arranged more than specification allowable value, deflection value in table
Show, represented with "-".
3) minimum value of the lighting roof waterproof gradient, it is to calculate to determine by (formula 6) herein.
4) selection of thickness of glass, it should meet that the strength and stiffness requirement of glass (is not inquired into, refer to herein simultaneously
Close specification).
Table is selected using the above point supported glass lighting roof waterproof gradient, quickly selection is suitable for can in design for we
Thickness of glass and the waterproof gradient.
We can have two ways to select table using this：
1st, in detail design, glass lattice has typically been determined by the requirement of architect.At this moment, we can table look-up and select
Minimum thickness of glass or the waterproof gradient：
If a) architect has given the waterproof gradient of lighting roof, we can be by the length of side of glass, and being found in table needs
Minimum thickness of glass.
If b) selecting the thickness of lighting roof glass in design, we can be by the length of side of glass, and being found in table needs
The minimum waterproof gradient selected.
2nd, in conceptual design, the lattice of glass generally requires optimization design and determined again.At this moment, we can table look-up and select
Optimization design scheme：
If a) architect has given the waterproof gradient of lighting roof, our cans find out the glass length of side by data in table
A variety of with thickness of glass may combine, then be built, scheme comparison economically, select optimal case.
If the thickness of lighting roof glass b) is selected in design, our cans by data in table find out the glass length of side with
The a variety of of the waterproof gradient may combine, then be built, scheme comparison economically, select optimal case.
In summary, the main waterproof measure of design of glass lighting roof is to realize that nature is arranged by setting the suitable waterproof gradient
Water.The waterproof gradient of lighting roof is selected, it is necessary to ensure that the deflection deformation in the middle part of glass under gravity can not cause glass part
Ponding.In the middle part of glass when the draining discrepancy in elevation under designing the waterproof gradient exceedes amount of deflection under gravity, in the middle part of glass just
Will not ponding and formed " puddles of water ".
From this principle, by analyze point type design of glass lighting roof thickness of glass and the deflection deformation under Action of Gravity Field,
The relation of the waterproof gradient, it was therefore concluded that：
1) the point supported glass lighting roof minimum waterproof gradient is inversely proportional with doubling glass monolithic glass thickness.Thickness of glass is to choosing
The lighting roof waterproof gradient is taken to influence very big.
2) increase thickness of glass, the requirement to the lighting roof waterproof gradient can be substantially reduced, but construction costs can be increased.It is anti-
The selection of the water gradient, to take into account the requirement of architectural effect and construction costs.
3) 2% or so the waterproof gradient is chosen in engineering design frequently with empirical method, even more small, many point supported glasses are adopted
Spire engineering not enough produces seeping phenomenon because of the waterproof gradient.Provided herein is the minimum waterproof gradient of calculating formula and numerical value choosing
Accurate calculating is available for table and chooses the point type design of glass lighting roof waterproof gradient.These calculation formula and numerical value are equally applicable from table
In the point supported glass awning similar with point supported glass lighting roof construction.
Due to the characteristic of point supported glass lighting roof, the selection of its waterproof gradient is with greater need for the influence for considering gravity amount of deflection.This
Design of the invention suitable for the building such as point supported glass lighting roof or the awning similar with lighting roof.
It is described above to be merely exemplary for the purpose of the present invention, and it is nonrestrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art understand,
In the case where not departing from the spirit and scope that claim is limited, many modifications, change or equivalent can be made, but will all fall
Enter within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of waterproof slope design method of point supported glass lighting roof, it selects doubling glass, and described doubling glass includes
Two panels thickness is t glass, it is characterised in that has following design procedure：
1) condition that lower amount of deflection of the doubling glass under gravity in the middle part of glass should meet is calculated：
Wherein：
dfMaximum defluxion in the middle part of-glass；
Δ h- glass end drain height is poor；
The long length of side of b- glass；
The waterproof gradient of α-design of glass lighting roof；
2) the maximum defluxion d of the middle part of doubling glass under gravity is calculatedf：
Wherein：
The Poisson's ratio of v- glass；
The modulus of elasticity of E- glass；
γgThe force density standard value of-glass；
μ-glass flexibility factor；
3) two formula in step 1) and step 2), draw the requirement to waterproof gradient α：
α：For the minimum waterproof gradient that in the case of guarantee point supported glass lighting roof not ponding, lighting roof should retain.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6942915B1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2005-09-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | FRP roofing material, manufacturing method, and its connecting structure and connecting method |
| CN103225360A (en) * | 2012-01-29 | 2013-07-31 | 吴淑环 | Light and heat insulation roof board or floor slab |
| CN204511237U (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-29 | 南京金中建幕墙装饰有限公司 | A kind of convex type waterproof opened skylight |
-
2015
- 2015-08-17 CN CN201510505237.XA patent/CN105369956B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6942915B1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2005-09-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | FRP roofing material, manufacturing method, and its connecting structure and connecting method |
| CN103225360A (en) * | 2012-01-29 | 2013-07-31 | 吴淑环 | Light and heat insulation roof board or floor slab |
| CN204511237U (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-29 | 南京金中建幕墙装饰有限公司 | A kind of convex type waterproof opened skylight |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 玻璃采光顶工程渗漏问题原因分析与对策;李基顺;《建设科技》;20150210(第3期);第93页 * |
| 透光屋面设计;赵西安;《建筑结构》;20060615(第S1期);第2-103页 * |
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