CN105368045B - Graphene polypyrrole composite aerogel and preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, a preparation method and application thereof. The airgel is mainly composed of graphene and polypyrrole, and has the characteristics of suitable pore size, large porosity, high specific surface area, low density, good electrical conductivity of 0.1-100 S/m and high storage modulus; its The preparation method includes: using graphene oxide and pyrrole monomers as raw materials, firstly dispersing the graphene oxide into a uniform and stable dispersion in an acidic or neutral environment, and then uniformly mixing the graphene oxide and pyrrole by mechanical stirring and ultrasound, Let the gel stand at room temperature, and finally dry to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The airgel obtained by the invention has excellent comprehensive properties, can be used as an electrode material for a supercapacitor, an aromatic organic dye adsorbent, and the like, and has a simple preparation process, low energy consumption, environmental protection, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention specifically relates to a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel and its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of nanoporous materials.

Background technique

Graphene is a honeycomb crystal structure composed of closely arranged carbon atoms connected by Sp ² hybridization, and its thickness is only the thickness of one carbon atomic layer (0.34nm), which is the thinnest material found so far. Graphene can be imagined as an atomic grid formed by carbon atoms and their covalent bonds. The preparation method of graphene has gradually expanded from the initial tape tearing method/slight friction method to various other methods, such as silicon carbide surface epitaxial growth, metal surface growth, colloidal chemical synthesis, etc. The structure of graphene is very stable, the carbon-carbon bond is only The connection between the carbon atoms inside graphene is very flexible. When an external force is applied to graphene, the surface of the carbon atoms will be bent and deformed, so that the carbon atoms do not have to rearrange to adapt to the external force, thereby maintaining a stable structure. In addition, electrons in graphene move in their orbits without being scattered by lattice defects or the introduction of foreign atoms. Because the interatomic force is very strong, at room temperature, even if the surrounding carbon atoms collide, the electrons in graphene are disturbed very little. The special geometry and electronic structure of graphene endow it with many excellent characteristics, including excellent electrical properties, optical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and high carrier mobility. Each carbon atom on graphene is bound by a strong п-п bond, and contributes the remaining one P orbital electron to form a conjugated large п bond. The delocalized п electrons can freely move freely, giving graphene excellent conductivity sex. The movement speed of electrons in graphene reaches 1/300 of the speed of light, far exceeding the movement speed of electrons in general conductors. Graphene is the thinnest and hardest nanomaterial in the world, with a breaking strength of ^125GPa , that is, a graphene sheet with an area of 1m2 can withstand a force of 4Kg, and its strength is 100 times higher than the ultimate strength of ordinary steel. The elastic modulus of graphene is about 1.1TPa, and it has high flexibility and is easy to fold and fold. Due to the unique electronic structure of graphene, it is almost completely transparent, and the absorption of visible light by single-layer graphene is 2.3%, that is, the transmittance is 97.7%. Graphene has fairly stable thermal properties. The thermal conductivity of graphene is controlled by phonon transport, which is diffuse conduction at high temperature and ballistic conduction at low temperature. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene is as high as 5300W/(m K), which is higher than that of carbon nanotubes and diamonds. The theoretical specific surface area of graphene can reach 2630m ² /g, and sensors made of graphene can sense single atoms or molecules. According to the ultra-thin and super-strength characteristics of graphene, graphene can be widely used in various fields, such as ultra-light body armor, ultra-thin and ultra-light aircraft materials, etc. According to its excellent conductivity, it also has great application potential in the field of microelectronics. Graphene may become a substitute for silicon, making ultra-miniature transistors, used to produce future supercomputers, and the higher electron mobility of carbon can enable future computers to achieve higher speeds. In addition, graphene material is also an excellent modifier. In new energy fields such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, it can be used as an additive for electrode materials due to its high conductivity and high specific surface area.

On the other hand, aerogels are highly porous nanomaterials with ultra-low density and high specific surface area. Its preparation usually adopts a special process, such as freeze-drying or supercritical drying, to replace the liquid in the wet gel with gas without changing the original network structure of the gel. Graphene airgel was first born in 2009, and was obtained by freeze-drying the aqueous solution of graphene oxide by MarkW.Ellsworth et al. in the United States. Graphene airgel has the characteristics of high porosity, high specific surface area, low density and high conductivity, and is widely used in energy storage and conversion, gas-phase catalysis, environmental cleaning, sensing and other fields. At present, the methods for preparing graphene airgel mainly include hydrothermal, chemical reduction, chemical crosslinking and other methods. It is difficult to avoid the use of high temperature and high pressure, toxic and harmful chemicals in the process of preparing graphene aerogels by these methods, the operation is complicated, the cost is high, and it does not conform to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection. It exhibits poor mechanical properties, which is not conducive to the practical application of graphene aerogels. Finally, due to the strong Π-Π interaction between graphene sheets during the assembly process of graphene, resulting in Severe stacking phenomenon, which seriously inhibits the advantages of graphene's high specific surface area.

In view of the difficulties and problems encountered in the traditional graphene airgel preparation process, it is urgent for technicians in this field to propose a method to prepare graphite with low energy consumption, environmental protection, and full use of the advantages of graphene sheet itself. Graphene airgel will gradually push graphene airgel to green and industrialization.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel and preparation method thereof, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the aforementioned graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel.

In order to realize the aforementioned object of the invention, the technical solutions adopted in the present invention include:

A graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, which is mainly composed of graphene and polypyrrole, and the graphene-polypyrrole airgel has a pore size of 1 nm to 4 μm, a porosity of 75.0-99.5%, and a density of 0.02 -0.5g/cm ³ , the specific surface area is 100-900m ² /g, the electrical conductivity is 0.1-100S/m, and the storage modulus is 2-25MPa.

A preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, comprising the steps of:

(1) dispersing graphene oxide in an acidic or neutral aqueous solution to form a graphene oxide dispersion that can exist stably for more than 1 day;

(2) Put the graphene oxide solution at room temperature, add pyrrole monomer, after uniform mixing, ultrasonically disperse for more than 0.5min, and then stand at room temperature for more than 1 day to obtain graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel ;

(3) Freeze-drying or supercritical drying the obtained graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel to obtain the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel.

As one of the more preferred schemes, the preparation method includes the following specific steps:

(1) dispersing the graphene oxide in an acidic or neutral aqueous solution to form a graphene oxide dispersion capable of stably existing for at least 1-300 days;

(2) Put the graphene oxide solution at room temperature, add pyrrole monomer, stir for 1min to 900min, ultrasonically disperse for 0.5 to 200min, and then stand at 5 to 80°C for 1 to 28 days to obtain graphene- Polypyrrole composite hydrogel;

(3) Freeze-drying or supercritical drying the obtained graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel to obtain the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel.

Further, the acidic aqueous solution may be preferably selected from hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid solutions with a concentration of 10 ^-4 ~1.0 mol/L, but not limited thereto.

Further, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is preferably 0.4 mg/mL˜15 mg/mL, but not limited thereto.

Preferably, the pyrrole monomer used in step (2) is purified by vacuum distillation, and the conditions of vacuum distillation include: vacuum degree 50-100 Pa, temperature 60-90°C.

Preferably, the mass ratio of graphene oxide to pyrrole used in step (2) is 40:1˜1:40.

Preferably, the stirring speed used in step (2) is 10-10000 rpm.

Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion power used in step (2) is 50-1000W, and the frequency is 50-100KHz.

Preferably, the freeze-drying conditions described in step (3) include: the freezing temperature is -20°C to -170°C, the drying temperature is 0°C to 80°C, the vacuum degree is 100 to 60000Pa, and the drying time is 2 to 48 hours .

Preferably, the supercritical drying described in step (3) comprises:

Use small molecular alcohol or small molecular ketone to replace the solvent water, soluble reactants and reaction products in the graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel to obtain graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel or graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel Ketone gel, the small molecule alcohol includes ethanol, and the small molecule ketone includes acetone;

Using supercritical ethanol or supercritical carbon dioxide to dry the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel or graphene-polypyrrole composite ketone gel to obtain the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel.

Application of any one of the aforementioned graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogels in the preparation of electrode materials or adsorbents.

An electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor, comprising any one of the aforementioned graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, and the specific capacitance of the electrode material is 100-500 F/g, and the internal resistance is 2-40 ohms.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

(1) The airgel obtained by the present invention not only has good mechanical properties, but the polypyrrole in the airgel can also well suppress the stacking problem of graphene sheets in the self-assembly process, and give full play to the graphene sheets. Its own special advantages, when it is applied as a supercapacitor electrode material, it shows high specific capacitance performance, and when it is used as an adsorbent, such as an aromatic organic dye adsorbent, it shows a high adsorption capacity.

(2) The airgel of the present invention has a simple preparation process, low energy consumption, environmental protection and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments described in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 a is the scanning electron micrograph of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in embodiment 2;

Fig. 1 b is the transmission electron micrograph of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in embodiment 2;

Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the nitrogen adsorption/desorption curve of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in Example 2;

Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the pore size distribution curve of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in Example 2;

Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction curve schematic diagram of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in embodiment 2;

Fig. 4 is the nanoindentation curve schematic diagram of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel in embodiment 2;

Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the cyclic voltammetry curve of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel electrode in Example 2;

Fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of the charge-discharge curve of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel electrode in Example 2.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

One aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, which uses graphene oxide and pyrrole monomer as starting reactants, through stirring, ultrasonic dispersion, room temperature static gel and supernatant Three-dimensional graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogels were obtained through major steps such as critical drying.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel, which is mainly composed of graphene and polypyrrole, and the graphene-polypyrrole airgel has a pore size of 1nm to 4um, and the pores The ratio is 75.0-99.5%, the density is 0.02-0.5g/cm ³ , the specific surface area is 100-900m ² /g, the electrical conductivity is 0.1-100S/m, and the storage modulus is as high as 2-25MPa.

As one of typical implementation cases, a preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel may comprise the following steps:

(1) In the acidic aqueous solution, graphene oxide is added, mechanically stirred and ultrasonically dispersed until a uniform graphene oxide solution is formed; the graphene oxide solution exists stably for at least 1-300 days;

(2) Put the graphene oxide aqueous solution at room temperature, add pyrrole monomer, stir mechanically (or magnetically) for 1 to 900 minutes, ultrasonically for 0.5 to 200 minutes, and then stand at room temperature for 1 to 28 days to obtain graphene - polypyrrole composite hydrogel;

(3) Obtaining graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel by freeze-drying or supercritical drying the graphene-polypyrrole hydrogel.

Wherein, graphene oxide can be prepared by Hummers chemical method.

The graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel of the present invention can be used as an electrode material, such as a supercapacitor electrode material or an organic fuel adsorbent.

For example, when used as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor, its specific capacitance can be 100-500 F/g, and its internal resistance can be 2-40 ohms.

The airgel of the present invention has a novel structure, good mechanical and electrical properties, etc., and the preparation process is simple, low energy consumption, green and environmentally friendly, and can be produced on a large scale, and can avoid the use of high temperature, high pressure and dangerous chemical reducing agents required in the prior art Wait.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through several embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the selected examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1: The graphene oxide dispersion liquid was configured into a solution of 8 mg/mL, stirred for 20 minutes, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphene oxide solution; 10 mL of the solution was taken, and 16.5 μL of pyrrole monomer was added thereto, Stir for 30 minutes, and then sonicate for 15 minutes; the obtained uniformly mixed dispersion of graphene oxide and pyrrole is left at room temperature for 7 days to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel. Dissolving and replacing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel, and then drying the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel through supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The ratio of the airgel starting material graphene oxide to pyrrole monomer is 5:1, which is denoted as GP5.

The structure and performance parameters of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel (GP5) obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

Example 2: The graphene oxide dispersion liquid was configured into a solution of 8 mg/mL, stirred for 20 minutes, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphene oxide solution; 10 mL of the solution was taken, and 27.5 μL of pyrrole monomer was added thereto, Stir for 20 minutes, and then sonicate for 20 minutes; the obtained uniformly mixed graphene oxide and pyrrole dispersion is left at room temperature for 7 days to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel. Dissolving and replacing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel, and then drying the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel through supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The ratio of the airgel starting material graphene oxide to pyrrole monomer is 3:1, which is denoted as GP3. Fig. 1 a is the scanning electron micrograph of the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel that makes in this embodiment; Fig. 1 b is the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel that makes in this embodiment; Fig. 2 a is the nitrogen adsorption/desorption curve schematic diagram of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel that makes in this embodiment; Fig. 2 b is the pore size distribution of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel that makes in this embodiment Curve schematic diagram; Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction curve schematic diagram of the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel that makes in this embodiment; Fig. 4 the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel that makes in this embodiment nano Schematic diagram of indentation curve; Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the cyclic voltammetry curve of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel made in this embodiment; Figure 5b is a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel made in this embodiment A schematic diagram of the constant current charge-discharge curve.

Other performance parameters of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel prepared in this example are shown in Table 1.

Example 3: The graphene oxide dispersion liquid was configured into a solution of 8 mg/mL, stirred for 20 minutes, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphene oxide solution; 10 mL of the solution was taken, and 82.6 μL of pyrrole monomer was added thereto, Stir for 20 minutes, and then sonicate for 20 minutes; the obtained uniformly mixed graphene oxide and pyrrole dispersion is left at room temperature for 5 days to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel. Dissolving and replacing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel, and then drying the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel through supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The ratio of the airgel starting material graphene oxide to pyrrole monomer is 1:1, which is denoted as GP1.

The structure and performance parameters of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel (GP1) prepared in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

Example 4: The graphene oxide dispersion liquid was configured into a solution of 8 mg/mL, stirred for 20 minutes, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphene oxide solution; 10 mL of the solution was taken, and 247.7 uL of pyrrole monomer was added thereto, Stir for 20 minutes, and then sonicate for 20 minutes; the obtained uniformly mixed graphene oxide and pyrrole dispersion is left at room temperature for 5 days to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel. Dissolving and replacing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel, and then drying the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel through supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The ratio of the airgel starting material graphene oxide to pyrrole monomer is 1:3, which is denoted as PG3.

The structure and performance parameters of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel (PG3) obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

Example 5: The graphene oxide dispersion liquid was configured into a solution of 8 mg/mL, stirred for 20 minutes, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphene oxide solution; 10 mL of the solution was taken, and 412.8 μL of pyrrole monomer was added thereto, Stir for 20 minutes, and then sonicate for 20 minutes; the obtained uniformly mixed graphene oxide and pyrrole dispersion is left at room temperature for 5 days to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite hydrogel. Dissolving and replacing the obtained hydrogel with ethanol to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel, and then drying the graphene-polypyrrole composite alcohol gel through supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel. The ratio of the airgel starting material graphene oxide to pyrrole monomer is 1:5, which is denoted as PG5.

The structure and performance parameters of the graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel (PG5) obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

Graphene-polypyrrole composite airgel structure and performance parameters in table 1. embodiment 1-5

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) graphene oxide is scattered in acid or neutral aqueous solution, formation can be stabilized the oxidation stone of more than 1 day Black alkene dispersion liquid；

(2) graphene oxide dispersion is placed in room temperature environment, and adds pyrrole monomer, uniformly after mixing, ultrasound point More than 0.5min is dissipated, is then stored at room temperature more than 1 day, obtains graphene-polypyrrole composite aquogel；

(3) obtained graphene-polypyrrole composite aquogel is freeze-dried or supercritical drying, obtains graphene-poly- Pyrroles's composite aerogel, the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel is mainly compounded to form by graphene and polypyrrole, and institute The aperture for stating graphene-polypyrrole aeroge is 1nm~4 μm, porosity 75.0-99.5%, density 0.02-0.5g/cm³, Specific surface area is 100-900m²/ g, electrical conductivity are 0.1~100S/m, storage modulus 2-25MPa.

2. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including following tool Body step：

(1) graphene oxide is scattered in acid or neutral aqueous solution, formation can at least be stabilized the oxygen of 1-300 days Graphite alkene dispersion liquid；

(2) graphene oxide dispersion is placed in room temperature environment, and adds pyrrole monomer, stir 1min~900min, 0.5~200min of ultrasonic disperse, then it is stored at room temperature 1~28 day, obtains graphene-polypyrrole composite aquogel；

(3) obtained graphene-polypyrrole composite aquogel is freeze-dried or supercritical drying, obtains the graphite Alkene-polypyrrole composite aerogel.

3. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the acid Property the aqueous solution include concentration be 10^-4~1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid solution.

4. graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel preparation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the oxidation The concentration of graphene dispersing solution is in 0.4mg/mL~15mg/mL.

5. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step (2) pyrrole monomer used in is purified through being evaporated under reduced pressure, and the condition of vacuum distillation includes：50~100Pa of vacuum, temperature 60~90 DEG C of degree.

6. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step (2) mass ratio of graphene oxide and pyrroles employed in is 40:1~1:40.

7. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step (2) mixing speed that uses is 10~10000 rev/min in, and the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic disperse is 50~1000W, frequency 50 ~100KHz.

8. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step (3) condition being freeze-dried described in includes：Cryogenic temperature is -20 DEG C~-170 DEG C, and drying temperature is 0 DEG C~80 DEG C, vacuum It is 2~48 hours to spend for 100~60000Pa, drying time.

9. the preparation method of graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step (3) supercritical drying includes described in：

It is anti-to aqueous solvent present in graphene-polypyrrole composite aquogel and solubility using small molecular alcohol or small molecule ketone Answer thing, reaction product to enter line replacement, obtain the compound alcogel of graphene-polypyrrole or the compound ketone gel of graphene-polypyrrole, The small molecular alcohol includes ethanol, and the small molecule ketone includes acetone；

Using Supercritical Ethanol either supercritical carbon dioxide to the compound alcogel of the graphene-polypyrrole or graphene- The compound ketone gel of polypyrrole is dried, and obtains the graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel.

10. graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel prepared by the method as any one of claim 1-9 is preparing electrode material Application in material or adsorbent.

11. a kind of electrode material for electric double layer capacitor, it is characterised in that including the method system as any one of claim 1-9 Standby graphene-polypyrrole composite aerogel, and the specific capacitance of the electrode material is 100~500F/g, internal resistance is 2~40 Europe Nurse.