CN105345406A - Efficient machining method of precise valve hole - Google Patents
Efficient machining method of precise valve hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN105345406A CN105345406A CN201510852048.XA CN201510852048A CN105345406A CN 105345406 A CN105345406 A CN 105345406A CN 201510852048 A CN201510852048 A CN 201510852048A CN 105345406 A CN105345406 A CN 105345406A
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- accurate valve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient machining method of a precise valve hole; and the method comprises such steps as drilling, broaching, rough reaming, finish reaming, no-edge reaming and extrusion of a chip extruding hole and inspection. The efficient machining method can effectively solve such problems as incapability of achieving the precision requirement, low product pass percent, long machining period, low efficiency, high labor intensity, high waste rate and high machining cost in machining of the precise valve hole in the prior art; the product pass percent is greatly improved; the roughness Ra of the machined hole reaches 0.8-0.4 micron; the ovality error is within 0.01-0.02 mm; the taper error is within 0.01-0.025 mm; the hole size precision can be controlled within 0.01 mm; and the product pass percent reaches above 99%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Machining Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening.
Background technology
When processing the accurate valve opening on valve body as shown in Figure 1, the material of valve body is cast iron HT250, and accurate valve opening aperture is φ 10.3
+ 0.027, axiality requires as φ 0.025mm, and cylindricity requires that surface roughness Ra value is 0.8 μm for φ 0.02mm.As can be seen from technical requirement: this valve body piece is the higher hole system processing of requirement, form tolerance and surface roughness comparatively require high, its φ 10.3
+ 0.027hole depth 90.5mm is typical small-deep precise hole product.Because of φ 10.3
+ 0.027hole is dark blind hole, and tradition efficiently steel ball extruding method is not suitable for the processing of this blind hole, and this hole surface roughness Ra value is 0.8 μm again, and fine finishining must adopt accurate grinding or attrition process.The defect of blind hole processing is that the cutter of machining hole can not whole passing hole, limit by processing pore size and the degree of depth, the knife bar processing this hole belongs to slender axles, so process pore volume easily produces distortion, be mainly manifested in generation tapering and the ovality of endoporus radial deformation and axis, quality not easily ensures.
Existing processing mode is engine lathe processing, and concrete processing technology is: the operations such as boring → reaming → spot-facing → fraising → grinding (or accurate grinding) complete the processing in this hole.Affect hole machined quality in conventional machining process and add factor mainly hole ream machining and the attrition process that work efficiency fills, in ream process, there is factors to have an impact to the situation such as aperture expansion, Aperture uncertainty occurred when cutting, several contents of the factor had a negative impact that reams: 1. ensure the axiality that fixture and equipment rotate, and control within 0.01mm; 2. ensure knife bar axiality, and control within 0.01mm; 3. ensure part blank, select blank allowance even, without the test specimen of casting flaw and optimizing machining technology cutting data parameter, but process still there is following problem with grinding (or accurate grinding):
1) product percent of pass is low, and because hole is comparatively dark, during grinding tool incision, fixture can shake, and horn mouth appears in 10 ~ 20mm place, aperture, and hole wall surface roughness does not reach requirement, and some piece surfaces leave cut; And aperture size is unstable, the scope of Aperture uncertainty is at about 0.04mm, and this scope is beyond the precision defined requirement of part;
2) process-cycle is long, efficiency is low, and fine finishining adopts grinding technics method, every part milling time about 1 hour, inapplicable large batch of Automotive Production Manufacture;
3) processing cost is high, and the consumption of grinding step grinding sleeve is large, and because part pivot and center cutter exist error during fraising, the hole precision that hinge is gone out is wayward, only has increasing amount of grinding, and cost is increased further.
To sum up, conventional machining process process as described in Figure 1 valve body on accurate valve opening time have that operation is long, labour intensity is large, percent defective is high and high in cost of production shortcoming.In process, although portioned product can ensure the requirement of the surface roughness in the dimensional accuracy in hole, positional precision and surface quality, but physics, the mechanical performance on the surface in surface quality are not well ensured, and the service life impact of this point on the part bearing friction is very large.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention aims to provide a kind of high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening, to solve conventional machining process existing precision does not reach requirement, product percent of pass is low, the process-cycle is long, efficiency is low, labour intensity is large, percent defective is high when processing precise valve opening and the problem such as processing cost is high.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A high-efficiency machining method for accurate valve opening, the method comprises the following steps:
A () is holed: on valve body, get out accurate valve opening with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm, the hole depth of accurate valve opening is 90.5 ± 0.07mm;
(b) reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening is 90.5 ± 0.07mm;
C () is slightly reamed: with roughing reamer machining hole to φ 9.98mm, and process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min;
D () finish reams hole: with bottoming reamer machining hole to φ 10mm, and process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min;
E () cuts hole without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening, add and increase step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter man-hour;
(f) squeeze cut hole after drill bit reversion exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy.
Described step (e) is specially: will be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, and kerosene cools.
Describedly be divided into three groups without sword ream-extrude cutter by dimensional accuracy:
one group,
one group,
one group, the principle being 0.015 ~ 0.02 by extruding allowance chooses use.
Described roughing reamer is made up of handle of a knife A and drill bit A, and drill bit A material is 50W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife A material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit A cutting edge tooth number Z=3, helical angle ω=10 °, cut anterior angle 5 °, relief angle 10 °, the long 4mm of back taper, margin width 0.6mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit A is to jerk value≤0.01, handle of a knife A center.
Described bottoming reamer is made up of handle of a knife B and drill bit B, and drill bit B material is 53W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife B material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit B cutting edge tooth number Z=6, helical angle ω=30 °, cut anterior angle 3 °, relief angle 10 °, margin width 0.1mm ~ 0.15mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit B outside dimension 0.02 ~ 0.0.3mm less of the final size of accurate valve opening.
Described without sword ream-extrude cutter employing Welding Structure, the cutting edge material on drill bit C is carbide alloy YG6 material, hardness is HRC58 ~ 62, and handle of a knife C material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC40 ~ 46; Cutting edge tooth number Z=6 of drill bit C, helical angle ω=0 °, cuts anterior angle 0 °, relief angle 0 °, leading to cone angle 2 °, rear guide angle 3 °;
Cutting edge outside dimension is divided into third gear by the final size of accurate valve opening, be respectively: than the little 0.005mm of the theoretical full-size of accurate valve opening, than the little 0.005mm of intermediate sizes, 0.005mm larger than minimum theoretical size, the surface roughness Ra value of drill bit C is 0.1 μm, and the surface roughness Ra value of guiding part is 0.2 μm.
Without the transitional edges of sword ream-extrude cutter and the circular shape of calibrated section front-and-back angle, adopt diamond and microstone to repair system by hand, accomplish rounding off, and then grind with diamond paste; During calibrated section cylindrical grinding, the surplus of 0.005 ~ 0.007mm be left.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compared with prior art, the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) increased substantially the service life of product, accurate valve opening carries out extrusion process after finish reaming, its surface roughness, case hardness, dimensional accuracy are all significantly improved, because this hole is when being extruded, by length feed, certain extruding force is applied to surface of the work, coating metal can be made to produce corresponding plastic deformation; Pass through cutter or workpiece rotation again, raised material presses in the trough in front by tool marks crest residual after forcing workpiece to ream while being certainly out of shape, thus reduces the difference in height of tool marks crest and trough, reaches the object reducing surface roughness.
2) on the other hand when extruding, there are two kinds of distortion in extruded hole surface: elastic deformation and plastic deformation, bullet shape of changing is recovered immediately after extrusion process, and plastic deformation makes hole dimension increase, and make hole surface produce slight flow harden, obtain certain residual stress, this improves the physical property on the surface in hole, mechanical performance, improve the hardness of this hole surface and wearability, extend the service life of product.
3) improve working (machining) efficiency, with squeezing cutter without sword, to carry out extrusion process to hole be a kind of ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO NON, substitutes grinding step, significantly improve working (machining) efficiency, adopts grinding process technique processing need 1 hours consuming time, only needs 5 minutes with extrusion process.
4) qualification rate of product is improved, the roughness in the hole that extrusion process goes out reaches Ra value 0.8 ~ 0.4 μm, ovality circular error can control within 0.01mm in 0.01 ~ 0.02mm, the dimensional accuracy of taper error in 0.01 ~ 0.025mm, hole, and the qualification rate of product reaches more than 99%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional view need processing valve body;
Fig. 2 is the roughing reamer structural representation of processing precise valve opening;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the bottoming reamer structural representation of processing precise valve opening;
Fig. 6 is knife edge part sectional view in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 be processing precise valve opening without sword ream-extrude cutter structural representation;
Figure 10 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 9;
In figure: 1-valve body, the accurate valve opening of 2-, 3-roughing reamer, 4-bottoming reamer, 5-without sword ream-extrude cutter, 31-handle of a knife A, 32-drill bit A, 41-handle of a knife B, 42-drill bit B, 51-handle of a knife C, 52-drill bit C.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but described in required protection domain is not limited to;
As shown in Figure 1, when needing processing precise valve opening 2 on valve body 1, the technical requirement of this accurate valve opening 2 is: aperture is φ 10.3
+ 0.027, axiality requires as φ 0.025mm, and cylindricity requires that surface roughness Ra value is 0.8 μm for φ 0.02mm.
Need before processing to relate to reamer for accurate valve opening 2, be specially:
As in Figure 2-4, roughing reamer 3 is made up of handle of a knife A31 and drill bit A32, and drill bit A32 material is 50W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife A31 material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit A32 cutting edge tooth number Z=3, helical angle ω=10 °, cut anterior angle 5 °, relief angle 10 °, the long 4mm of back taper, margin width 0.6mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit A32 is to jerk value≤0.01, handle of a knife A31 center.
As viewed in figures 5-8, bottoming reamer 4 is made up of handle of a knife B41 and drill bit B42, and drill bit B42 material is 53W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife B41 material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit B42 cutting edge tooth number Z=6, helical angle ω=30 °, cut anterior angle 3 °, relief angle 10 °, margin width 0.1mm ~ 0.15mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit B42 outside dimension 0.02 ~ 0.0.3mm less of the final size of accurate valve opening 2.
As shown in figs. 9-10, adopt Welding Structure without sword ream-extrude cutter 5, the cutting edge material on drill bit C52 is carbide alloy YG6 material, hardness is HRC58 ~ 62, handle of a knife C51 material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC40 ~ 46; Cutting edge tooth number Z=6 of drill bit C52, helical angle ω=0 °, cuts anterior angle 0 °, relief angle 0 °, leading to cone angle 2 °, rear guide angle 3 °;
Cutting edge outside dimension is divided into third gear by the final size of accurate valve opening 2, be respectively: than the little 0.005mm of the theoretical full-size of accurate valve opening 2, than the little 0.005mm of intermediate sizes, 0.005mm larger than minimum theoretical size, the surface roughness Ra value of drill bit C52 is 0.1 μm, and the surface roughness Ra value of guiding part is 0.2 μm.
Without the transitional edges of sword ream-extrude cutter 5 and the circular shape of calibrated section front-and-back angle, adopt diamond and microstone to repair system by hand, accomplish rounding off, and then grind with diamond paste; During calibrated section cylindrical grinding, the surplus of 0.005 ~ 0.007mm be left.
Below by way of 4 embodiments, processing method of the present invention is described in detail, but described in required protection domain is not limited to:
Embodiment 1:
Boring: get out accurate valve opening 2 with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm on valve body 1, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.57mm; Reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.57mm; Thick fraising: with roughing reamer 3 machining hole to φ 9.98mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min; Finish ream hole: with bottoming reamer 4 machining hole to φ 10mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min; Hole is cut: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening 2 without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword, to be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, kerosene cools, and adds and increases step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter 5 man-hour; Be divided into three groups: φ 10.325 1 group, φ 10.317 1 groups, φ 10.305 1 groups without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 by dimensional accuracy, the principle being 0.02 by extruding allowance chooses use; Squeeze drill bit reversion after cutting hole exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy.
Embodiment 2:
Boring: get out accurate valve opening 2 with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm on valve body 1, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.43mm; Reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.43mm; Thick fraising: with roughing reamer 3 machining hole to φ 9.98mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min; Finish ream hole: with bottoming reamer 4 machining hole to φ 10mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min; Hole is cut: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening 2 without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword, to be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, kerosene cools, and adds and increases step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter 5 man-hour; Be divided into three groups: φ 10.325 1 group, φ 10.317 1 groups, φ 10.305 1 groups without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 by dimensional accuracy, the principle being 0.015 by extruding allowance chooses use; Squeeze drill bit reversion after cutting hole exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy
Embodiment 3:
Boring: get out accurate valve opening 2 with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm on valve body 1, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.5mm; Reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.5mm; Thick fraising: with roughing reamer 3 machining hole to φ 9.98mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min; Finish ream hole: with bottoming reamer 4 machining hole to φ 10mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min; Hole is cut: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening 2 without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword, to be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, kerosene cools, and adds and increases step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter 5 man-hour; Be divided into three groups: φ 10.325 1 group, φ 10.317 1 groups, φ 10.305 1 groups without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 by dimensional accuracy, the principle being 0.018 by extruding allowance chooses use; Squeeze drill bit reversion after cutting hole exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy
Embodiment 4:
Boring: get out accurate valve opening 2 with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm on valve body 1, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.44mm; Reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening 2 is 90.52mm; Thick fraising: with roughing reamer 3 machining hole to φ 9.98mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min; Finish ream hole: with bottoming reamer 4 machining hole to φ 10mm, process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min; Hole is cut: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening 2 without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword, to be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, kerosene cools, and adds and increases step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter 5 man-hour; Be divided into three groups: φ 10.325 1 group, φ 10.317 1 groups, φ 10.305 1 groups without sword ream-extrude cutter 5 by dimensional accuracy, the principle being 0.017 by extruding allowance chooses use; Squeeze drill bit reversion after cutting hole exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy.
Above-described embodiment is only several preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention, and all distortion done on technical scheme basis of the present invention, modification or equivalent replacement etc., all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a high-efficiency machining method for accurate valve opening, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A () is holed: on valve body (1), get out accurate valve opening (2) with the drill bit of φ 9.5mm, the hole depth of accurate valve opening (2) is 90.5 ± 0.07mm;
(b) reaming: with the reaming of φ 9.7mm bottoming drill, after reaming, the hole depth of accurate valve opening (2) is 90.5 ± 0.07mm;
C () is slightly reamed: with roughing reamer (3) machining hole to φ 9.98mm, and process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=6m/min, f=0.7mm/n, rotating speed are 300r/min;
D () finish reams hole: with bottoming reamer (4) machining hole to φ 10mm, and process adopts kerosene cooling, and cutting data V=4m/min, f=0.5mm/n, rotating speed are 200r/min;
E () cuts hole without hinge-squeezed the squeezing of sword: adopt some groups without sword ream-extrude cutter successively processing precise valve opening (2), add and increase step by step without the external diameter of sword ream-extrude cutter (5) man-hour;
(f) squeeze cut hole after drill bit reversion exit and measure aperture, guarantee crudy.
2. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (e) is specially: will be contained in floating clamp without sword ream-extrude cutter (5) and process, Cutting Parameter of Machining V=2m/min, f=0mm/n, rotating speed are 100r/min, and kerosene cools.
3. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be describedly divided into three groups without sword ream-extrude cutter (5) by dimensional accuracy:
one group,
one group,
one group, the principle being 0.015 ~ 0.02 by extruding allowance chooses use.
4. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described roughing reamer (3) is made up of handle of a knife A (31) and drill bit A (32), drill bit A (32) material is 50W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife A (31) material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit A (32) cutting edge tooth number Z=3, helical angle ω=10 °, cut anterior angle 5 °, relief angle 10 °, the long 4mm of back taper, margin width 0.6mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit A (32) is to handle of a knife A (31) jerk value≤0.01, center.
5. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bottoming reamer (4) is made up of handle of a knife B (41) and drill bit B (42), drill bit B (42) material is 53W6MO5G4V2A1, hardness is HRC63 ~ 66, and handle of a knife B (41) material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC30 ~ 45; Drill bit B (42) cutting edge tooth number Z=6, helical angle ω=30 °, cut anterior angle 3 °, relief angle 10 °, margin width 0.1mm ~ 0.15mm; Guide cone relief angle 12 °; Drill bit B (42) outside dimension 0.02 ~ 0.0.3mm less of the final size of accurate valve opening (2).
6. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described without sword ream-extrude cutter (5) employing Welding Structure, cutting edge material on drill bit C (52) is carbide alloy YG6 material, hardness is HRC58 ~ 62, and handle of a knife C (51) material is 40Cr, hardness is HRC40 ~ 46; Cutting edge tooth number Z=6 of drill bit C (52), helical angle ω=0 °, cuts anterior angle 0 °, relief angle 0 °, leading to cone angle 2 °, rear guide angle 3 °.
7. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: cutting edge outside dimension is divided into third gear by the final size of accurate valve opening (2), be respectively: than the little 0.005mm of accurate valve opening (2) theoretical full-size, than the little 0.005mm of intermediate sizes, 0.005mm larger than minimum theoretical size, the surface roughness Ra value of drill bit C (52) is 0.1 μm, and the surface roughness Ra value of guiding part is 0.2 μm.
8. the high-efficiency machining method of accurate valve opening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: without the transitional edges of sword ream-extrude cutter (5) and the circular shape of calibrated section front-and-back angle, diamond and microstone is adopted to repair system by hand, accomplish rounding off, and then grind with diamond paste; During calibrated section cylindrical grinding, the surplus of 0.005 ~ 0.007mm be left.
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