CN105343389B - 一种治疗关节炎的药物 - Google Patents
一种治疗关节炎的药物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105343389B CN105343389B CN201510766820.6A CN201510766820A CN105343389B CN 105343389 B CN105343389 B CN 105343389B CN 201510766820 A CN201510766820 A CN 201510766820A CN 105343389 B CN105343389 B CN 105343389B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗关节炎的药物及其制备方法,所述药物包括:紫荆皮300‑700重量份;黄荆子300‑700重量份;栀子100‑200重量份;牡丹皮50‑150重量份;大黄100‑300重量份;马钱子100‑200重量份;赤芍50‑150重量份;独活50‑150重量份;五加皮50‑150重量份;天南星50‑150重量份;樟脑50‑150重量份;薄荷脑20‑50重量份;冬青油50‑150重量份。本发明精简药味,同时加入樟脑、薄荷脑两味药增加中医药物的透皮吸收在局部发挥作用,将传统中医外治与现代透皮技术结合,形成中药透皮治疗系统,毒副作用小,而且有的还有一定的药理活性,治病和促透两种作用合二为一,符合目前回归自然的趋势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药,尤其涉及一种治疗关节炎的药物。
背景技术
骨性关节炎(ostarthritis,OA)是一种因关节软骨退行性病变所引起的以骨质增生为主要表现的关节病变,是中老年人的常见疾病,膝骨关节炎是骨性关节炎中临床发病率最高的一类。随着人类寿命的延长,社会人口的老龄化,其发病率逐年上升。
西医临床上对该病的治疗除对症、缓解症状及行人工关节置换外,尚缺乏有效的方法。在对症治疗方面目前西医尚无特效治疗,多依靠非甾体药物长期服用会引起较多严重的副作用,包括胃溃疡、胃出血、甚则肝肾损害等,而外科手术费用高,所受痛苦及创伤较多,患者依从性较差。
骨性关节炎属于中医“骨痹”、“膝痹”范畴,中医中药治疗该病有独特优势,中药可改善局部微循环、降低骨内压、抗氧化和抑制自由基的产生、降低骨性关节炎细胞因子的产生等等。中医治疗中的中药外治法,能使患处局部受到药物和物理的直接刺激,使药力直达病所,治疗更具针对性。具有简便易行、经济实用、副作用小的特点。特别是中医外治疗法。中医外治法一般具有局部反应性刺激和药效双重作用,所用药量远小于内服药量,通过患病局部直接吸收而发挥作用,可避免药物对肝肾及脾胃等脏器的毒害作用。尤其对老幼虚弱之体,攻补难施之时,或不肯服药之患者,或不能服药之病症,更为适宜。但目前治疗骨性关节炎的有效中药中,药物组分过多,不利于药物的生产和应用;而且往往会导致瘙痒、皮疹等皮肤过敏症状。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种治疗关节炎的中药,组分相对较少,在确保良好的治疗效果的情况下,简化了药物组成。
本发明第一个方面是提供一种治疗关节炎的药物,活性成分包括、并优选组成为:
A)生药部分:
紫荆皮300-700重量份,更优选为400-600重量份,更优选为450-500重量份;黄荆子300-700重量份,更优选为400-600重量份,更优选为450-500重量份;栀子100-200重量份,更优选为120-180重量份,更优选为150-170重量份;牡丹皮50-150重量份,更优选为60-130重量份,更优选为80-100重量份;大黄100-300重量份,更优选为150-250重量份,更优选为180-200重量份;马钱子100-200重量份,更优选为120-180重量份,更优选为150-160重量份;赤芍50-150重量份,更优选为60-130重量份,更优选为80-100重量份;独活50-150重量份,更优选为60-130重量份,更优选为80-100重量份;五加皮50-150重量份,更优选为70-130重量份,更优选为100-120重量份;天南星50-150重量份,更优选为70-130重量份,更优选为100-120重量份;
B)细料药部分:
樟脑50-150重量份,更优选为70-130重量份,更优选为100-120重量份;薄荷脑20-50重量份,更优选为25-45重量份,更优选为30-40重量份;冬青油50-150重量份,更优选为60-120重量份,更优选为80-100重量份。
其中,所述药物还可以包括敷料,如:防腐剂、基质等。
其中,所述防腐剂如苯甲酸钠。
其中,防腐剂优选为≤8重量份,更优选为≤7重量份,更优选为2-6重量份,更优选为3-5重量份,更优选为4.5-5重量份。
其中,所述基质如凡士林、液状石蜡、羊毛脂、蜂蜡、动物油、植物油、单硬质酸甘油酯、十八醇、或其中任意几种的混合物。
其中,所述基质优选为800-1500重量份,更优选为900-1400重量份,更优选为1000-1300重量份,更优选为1100-1200重量份。
更优选地,所述基质包括羊毛脂和凡士林。
其中,羊毛脂优选为80-150重量份,更优选为100-130重量份,更优选为110-120重量份。
其中,凡士林优选为800-1400重量份,更优选为900-1300重量份,更优选为1000-1200重量份。
本发明第一个方面的一种优选实施例中,所述药物优选为外用制剂,如粉剂、溶液、酊剂、洗剂、软膏、乳膏、糊膏、硬膏(贴剂)、油剂、凝胶剂、涂膜剂、搽剂、喷雾剂中的任意一种或几种,能够优选为软膏、乳膏、糊膏、硬膏、凝胶剂中的任意一种或几种,更优选为软膏剂。
本发明第二个方面是提供一种所述治疗关节炎的药物的制备方法,包括:
将A)生药部分的组分加水煎煮,收集煎液,用醇沉淀,取上清液浓缩,得清膏;
将B)细料药组分、或者还包括敷料组分加入到清膏中,混匀。
本发明第二个方面的一种优选实施例中,所述煎煮方法优选为:
将A)生药部分的组分用水煎煮两次,每次用10倍重量水,煎煮时间至少为0.5h(更优选为45分钟,更优选为1小时,更优选为1.5小时);收集两次煎煮的药液并合并。更优选地,合并后的药液进行浓缩,优选为浓缩至至少1.5g生药/ml,更优选为至少2.0g生药/ml。
更优选地,第一次煎煮前进行浸泡。
更优选地,所述上清液浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25g/cm3(50℃-60℃)。
其中,将B)细料组分加入混匀过程中,优选为在≤50℃下实施,更优选为≤40℃下实施。
本发明精简药味,同时加入樟脑、薄荷脑两味药增加中医药物的透皮吸收在局部发挥作用,将传统中医外治与现代透皮技术结合,形成中药透皮治疗系统,羊毛脂能够吸收清膏中的水分,改善凡士林的吸水性和穿透性,这类促透剂来于自然,毒副作用小,而且有的还有一定的药理活性,治病和促透两种作用合二为一,符合目前回归自然的趋势。
本发明主治功能:活血散瘀、解毒消肿、祛风胜湿、通经止痛,可以增加局部组织的血液循环,温通关节,松解局部肌肉、韧带挛缩,增大活动度,消除肿胀,促进关节功能的恢复。主要用于膝骨性关节炎。
具体实施方式
生药组分
细料药组分
樟脑100g 薄荷脑40g 冬青油150g
将樟脑、薄荷脑研磨共熔。
敷料组分
苯甲酸钠4.58g 羊毛脂114.5g 凡士林 约1000g
药物制备
取生药组分2000g,加水煎煮2次,每次10倍水、煎煮1h,煎煮时间以沸腾开始计时,煎煮过程保持微沸即可。第一次煎煮前浸泡0.5h。
每次煎煮后300目滤布滤过,二次煎液合并,减压浓缩至2:1(g:mL,即每mL相当于生药2g)。
冷却至室温,加1倍乙醇进行沉淀,静置24h,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇至相对密度为1.20-1.25(50℃-60℃),得清膏,一般为400-600g。
控制温度在40℃以下,取清膏加入苯甲酸钠混匀,依次加入羊毛脂、凡士林、樟脑和薄荷脑共熔物、冬青油混匀,分装即得。
临床试验
1、资料及方法
1.1、临床资料
参照美国风湿病学院于1995年提出关于膝骨关节炎的诊断标准,选择2012年1月—2013年12月就诊的膝骨关节炎患者152例为研究对象。将患者随机分为三组,本发明组52例,石氏三黄三色膏组与伤湿止痛膏组各50例。其中本发明组(以下简称“尪痹组”)男性12例,女性40例,平均年龄(60.92±7.13)岁,平均病程(89.10)天;石氏三黄三色膏组(以下简称“三色组”)男性13例,女性37例,平均年龄(60.72±9.03)岁,平均病程(79.38)天;伤湿止痛膏组(以下简称“伤湿组”)男性17例,女性33例,平均年龄(61.82±10.60)岁,平均病程(60.52)天。经数据检验,三组在性别、年龄、病程比较差异无统计学意义,是均衡的,具有可比性。三组152例病例都完成了全部临床观察,未有脱落。
1.2、治疗方法
尪痹组:用本发明软膏外敷,每次一张,每2日换药1次,贴于疼痛患处,外用弹性绷带固定,2周为1疗程。
三色组:用石氏三黄三色敷药外敷,每次一张,每2日换药1次,贴于疼痛患处,外用弹性绷带固定,2周为1疗程。
伤湿组:用伤湿止痛膏(黄石药业,下马威牌)外敷,每次2张,每日换药1次,贴于疼痛患处,2周为1疗程。
三组患者均治疗15天。
1.3、观察指标及评价标准
观察指标:关节疼痛、起床后晨僵、步行时疼痛、最大步行距离、上下楼梯感觉、下蹲、行不平路感觉、压痛、髌骨活动度、关节活动度、肿胀、不良反应及总体疗效,对各观察指标进行量化评分。参照Lequesne的膝骨关节炎严重性和活动性指数评估法在第5d、10d、15d作观察,记录相应体征及症状的变化(详见表1)。
疗效评定标准:按照膝OA临床评分表进行治疗前后的疗效评定。
改善率=[(治疗前分值-治疗后分值)/治疗前分值]*100%。
改善率≥70%为优;≥50%,<70%为良;≥30%,<50%为可;<30%为差。
安全性评价:外用膏药的不良反应主要为皮肤刺激性反应,对治疗过程中可能出现的不良反应,如红斑、水肿、瘙痒等,进行如实详细的记录,并对其原因进行分析,局部皮肤刺激性反应评分标准。
表1,Lequesne膝OA临床评分表
1.4、统计学方法
所有检验均采用双侧检验,以P≤0.05认为差别有统计学意义。①计量资料:如果数据服从正态分布,统计描述采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析及SNK检验多重比较;如果数据不服从正态分布,统计描述采用中位数(M),最小值(min)和最大值(max)表示,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验及Nemenyi法多重比较;组内比较采用Wilcoxon检验。②计数资料:统计描述采用频数、构成比、率表示,分析指标为二分类或无序多分类时,组间比较采用卡方检验及分割卡方检验;分析指标为有序多分类时,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验及Nemenyi法多重比较;多个时间点重复测量的等级资料采用广义估计方程进行分析。若三组比较差别有统计学意义,多重比较采用Bonferroni法矫正α。
2、结果
2.1、治疗前后临床观察指标评分比较
三组患者治疗前后的临床观察指标——关节疼痛、起床后晨僵、步行时疼痛、最大步行距离、上下楼梯感觉、下蹲、行不平路感觉、压痛、髌骨活动度、关节活动度及肿胀,除不良反应评分外,各临床观察指标组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),不同疗法的各临床观察指标评分不同,各临床观察指标均显示尪痹组的疗效优于其余两组。同时,三组各访视时间与治疗前各临床观察指标评分比较认为组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),不同疗法的各临床观察指标评分不同,随着治疗时间的延长,各临床观察指标评分有越来越低的趋势。三组患者治疗后不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.229,P=0.121),尚不能认为三组患者治疗后不良反应率不同。
2.2、治疗后疗效比较
三组患者治疗后疗效比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.868,P=0.020<0.05),可认为三组患者治疗后疗效不同。经Nemenyi法进行两两比较,尪痹组与伤湿组比较P=0.035、尪痹组与三色组比较P=0.088、伤湿组与三色组比较P=0.930,可认为尪痹组患者治疗后疗效优于伤湿组和三色组(详见表2)。
表2,三组患者治疗后疗效比较
3、讨论
3.1、本研究显示:
三组患者治疗前后的各项临床观察指标,除不良反应评分外,各评分组间差异有可比性,各临床观察指标均显示尪痹组的疗效优于其余两组。说明尪痹伤膏在患者各种临床症状方面的改善效果较之石氏三黄三色膏和伤湿止痛膏更好。但三组患者在不良反应方面评分不存在可比性,故不能认为三组间的不良反应发生率有差异。说明临床上使用尪痹伤膏治疗膝骨关节炎的安全性与石氏三黄三色膏、伤湿止痛膏相同。
3.3、传统伤湿止痛膏、石氏三黄三色膏与尪痹伤膏
黄石药业生产的下马威牌伤湿止痛流浸膏由生草乌、生川乌、乳香、没药、生马钱子、丁香、肉桂、荆芥、防风、老鹳草、香加皮、积雪草、骨碎补、白芷、山柰、干姜等药材,配合水杨酸甲酯、薄荷脑、冰片、樟脑、芸香浸膏、颠茄流浸膏制作而成。有祛风湿,活血止痛的作用。主要用于风湿痛,关节、肌肉痛,扭伤等疾病。但此品仅为局部疼痛的对症用药,且不宜长期或大面积使用,使用不当易引起瘙痒、皮疹等皮肤过敏症状;这些不足都限制了它的发展。
三色敷药是石氏伤科著名的外用药,通过药物的直接治疗作用可以增加局部组织的血液循环,温通关节,松解局部肌肉、韧带挛缩,增大活动度,消除肿胀,促进关节功能的恢复,对膝骨关节炎有较好的疗效。但是,三色敷药在使用中还是存在一些不足,主要是药味繁多,仅生药就共计47味,配置不便,同时也加大了患者对药物过敏反应的可能性,从而限制了他的临床应用。
对药物进行精简、并对制剂进行改进后的本发明外用药膏,具有活血散瘀、解毒消肿、通经止痛之效,同时配以大黄、赤芍增强其消炎镇痉、逐瘀通经之功,佐以独活、五加皮、生天南星是取其祛风胜湿、镇痉止痛、强筋健骨之功效。最为重要的是在此基础上,再加入樟脑、薄荷脑两药,借助其渗透之功,使其余中药效能更好地由表入肌肉经络,达到减轻不适解除疼痛的目的。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗膝骨性关节炎的药物,其特征在于,活性成分为:
A)生药部分:
紫荆皮300-700重量份;黄荆子300-700重量份;栀子100-200重量份;
牡丹皮50-150重量份;大黄100-300重量份;马钱子100-200重量份;
赤芍50-150重量份;独活50-150重量份;五加皮50-150重量份;
天南星50-150重量份;
B)细料药部分:
樟脑50-150重量份;薄荷脑20-50重量份;冬青油50-150重量份;
其中,所述药物还包括防腐剂和基质,所述防腐剂为苯甲酸钠,并≤8重量份;所述基质包括羊毛脂和凡士林,并且羊毛脂为80-150重量份,凡士林为800-1400重量份;
其中,所述药物为外用制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物为粉剂、酊剂、洗剂、软膏、乳膏、糊膏、硬膏、油剂、凝胶剂、涂膜剂、搽剂、喷雾剂中的任意一种或几种。
3.一种权利要求1所述治疗膝骨性关节炎的药物的制备方法,包括:
将A)生药部分的组分加水煎煮,收集煎液,用醇沉淀,取上清液浓缩,得清膏;
将B)细料药组分、防腐剂和基质加入到清膏中,混匀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,将B)细料组分加入混匀过程中,在≤50℃下实施。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述上清液在50℃-60℃的条件下浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25g/cm3。
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