CN105340451B - A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method for improving cucumber hydroxymalonic acid content - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a nitrogen fertilizer application method for increasing the content of propanol diacid in cucumbers. The application amount of pure nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer is 36.8kg·667m ² , wherein 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer is divided into 10 equal amounts Topdressing, specifically, includes amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, of which 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the proportion of pure nitrogen in amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 1 in the initial stage of cucumber fruiting. : Apply 3/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer at a ratio of 2:1, and apply in equal amounts in 3 times; in the peak fruiting period of cucumbers, the ratio of pure nitrogen among amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 1 Apply 7/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer at a ratio of 1:2, and apply 7 times in equal amounts. The invention precisely applies nitrogen fertilizer to the cucumber, and provides the best nitrogen form and ratio, can greatly increase the content of propanol in the cucumber, and provides technical support for the rapid development of functional high-propanol cucumbers.

Description

A nitrogen fertilizer application method for improving cucumber malonic acid content

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of vegetable cultivation, and relates to a nitrogen fertilizer application method for increasing the content of propanol in cucumbers.

Background technique

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), also known as pickled cucumbers and cucumbers, is native to the southern foot of the Himalayas. It has the characteristics of being warm, humid, and resistant to certain low light. . Cucumber is rich in nutrients, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins and so on. In addition, it also contains glucose, fructose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, various free amino acids and volatile oil, cucurbitacin, cucumber enzyme, etc. Among them, cucumber enzyme is a biological enzyme with strong biological activity, which can effectively promote the body's metabolism, expand skin capillaries, promote blood circulation, and enhance the redox function of the skin. In addition, the cellulose in cucumber has a certain effect on promoting the elimination of spoilage substances in the human intestine and lowering cholesterol, and can strengthen the body. Therefore, cucumber is one of the indispensable vegetables in people's life.

Cucumber contains a variety of organic acids, such as chlorogenic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, and caffeic acid. Cucumbers taste astringent and bitter mainly because cucumbers contain propanol, which is a small molecular organic acid unique to cucumbers. The combination of propanol and saliva will produce an astringent taste, and propanol can inhibit sugar. It is a natural diet food. Tartronic acid is a small molecular organic acid, which inhibits the conversion of carbohydrates into fat in the human body and prevents the accumulation of body fat, but does not prevent carbohydrates from providing heat and energy. The human body cannot synthesize tartronic acid by itself, and people obtain tartronic acid through diet. Cucumber, winter melon and edible cactus all contain propanol, which is not found in other common vegetables. Therefore, cucumber has become one of the important sources of plant organic propanol. With people's pursuit of health and a better life, more and more attention is paid to the role of cucumber in beauty and weight loss. The content of propanol has also become an important indicator to measure the health function of cucumber and its processed products. Alkyd acid content gradually attracted the attention of vegetable researchers.

There are many factors affecting small molecular organic acids. The content of oxalic acid in bell pepper increases gradually with the increase of nitrogen application level. The high nitrogen treatment is 9 times higher than that of low nitrogen treatment. The content of oxalic acid in spinach has a similar trend. In different physiological stages of the plant, the content of organic acid is also different. The research on pineapple shows that with the development of the fruit, the content of citric acid shows a low-high-low trend, and the contents of malic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and tartaric acid are all the same. Gradually increase with different physiological periods.

In view of the differences in the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in different soils, it is necessary to study the variation law of the content of propanol in high-propanol cucumber varieties under different nitrogen supply levels, in order to find out a way to increase the content of propanol in cucumber. The application method of nitrogen fertilizer with high content of nitrogen can realize high-yield and balanced fertilization of high-propanol cucumbers, and meet the needs of high-quality and high-yield functional cucumbers.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to provide a nitrogen fertilizer application method for increasing the content of propanol in cucumbers, to solve the current problem of low content of propanol in cucumbers, and to increase the content of propanol in cucumbers.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a nitrogen fertilizer application method for increasing the content of propanol diacid in cucumber, wherein the pure nitrogen application amount in the nitrogen fertilizer is 36.8kg·667m ^-2 , wherein 1/4 of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer was topdressed in 10 equal amounts.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer includes amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, wherein 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the ratio of pure nitrogen in amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is Apply 3/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer at a ratio of 1:2:1, and apply the same amount in 3 times; in the peak fruiting period of cucumber, the ratio of pure nitrogen in amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is Apply 7/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer at a ratio of 1:1:2, and apply 7 times in equal amounts.

Further, the amide nitrogen is urea.

Further, the ammonium nitrogen is ammonium sulfate.

Further, the nitrate nitrogen is calcium nitrate tetrahydrate.

Positive effects of adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme: the present invention can greatly increase the content of propanol in cucumbers by precisely applying nitrogen fertilizers to cucumbers and providing the best nitrogen form and ratio, and propanol can prevent fat in the human body In this context, it will be more and more popular among consumers; at the same time, the application of this nitrogen fertilizer method in the production of functional cucumbers can increase the content of propanol in cucumbers, Provide technical support for the rapid development of functional high-glycerol cucumbers.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention:

Example 1

This example illustrates the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on the content of propanol in cucumber fruit.

Cucumber variety tested: Dongnong 808, a cucumber variety with high propanol content. The experiment was sown on March 27, 2015, and planted in the plastic greenhouse of the experimental base of the Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University on May 16. The soil type in the greenhouse is meadow chernozem, the basic agrochemical status of the 0-20cm plow layer soil is: soil alkaline nitrogen 184.7mg/kg, available phosphorus 21.4mg/kg, available potassium 237.7mg/kg, organic matter content 3.38% , pH 7.83, total salt 0.10%.

Basic fertilizer: (KH ₂ PO ₄ (P2O5: 52%, K ₂ O: 35%), potassium sulfate (K ₂ SO ₄ (K ₂ O: 54%)), urea (CO(NH ₂ ) ₂ , N: 46%).

Apply 2500kg of organic fertilizer, 20kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 60kg of potassium sulfate per mu (667m ² ). There are five treatments for urea consumption, which are 10kg (N1), 20kg (N2), 40kg (N3), 80kg (N4) and 160kg (N5) per mu (667m ² ). Cucumbers are planted in ridge farming, the plot is 8 ridge areas, the ridge length is 5m, the ridge spacing is 65cm, and the plant spacing is 28cm. The experiment is repeated three times, and a blank plot is set between each repetition to prevent the influence of nitrogen fertilizer between the repetitions. Arrangement according to the random block design , the residential area is 26m ² .

Fertilization: Among them, 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 3/4 is topdressed, and phosphorus and potassium are all applied at one time.

2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40kg·667m ^-2 of CO(NH ₂ ) ₂ and 20kg·667m ^-2 of KH ₂ PO ₄ (providing all phosphorus and part of potassium) were applied to the base fertilizer according to each nitrogen treatment, Insufficient potassium is supplemented with K ₂ SO ₄ , and the application rate of K ₂ SO ₄ is 60kg·667m ^-2 . After planting, combined with watering and topdressing urea, the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer was divided into 10 times of equal application.

After the cucumbers are planted and the seedlings are slowed down, the vines are hung in time, the single vines are pruned, watered every 3 days, and urea is applied with the water. Sampling was started at the 7th leaf stage, that is, the early fruiting stage, for the determination of various indicators of cucumber.

As shown in Table 1: there are certain differences in the content of propanol in cucumber fruit under different nitrogen fertilizer application conditions at the initial stage of fruiting and the peak stage of fruiting. At the early stage of fruiting, the content of tartronic acid in N4 fruit was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the content of tartronic acid in N1 fruit was the lowest. At the peak fruiting stage, the content of tartronic acid in cucumber fruits of each treatment increased, among which, N4 was the highest, and N4 was significantly higher than other treatments. It indicated that the method of nitrogen fertilizer application according to N4 has a certain effect on increasing the content of propanol in cucumber fruit, and the content of pure nitrogen in the application rate of 80kg·667m ^-2 of urea is 36.8kg·667m ^-2 .

Table 1 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the content of propanol in cucumber fruits (unit: g·100g ^-1 )

Example 2

This example illustrates the effect of different nitrogen form ratios on the content of tartronic acid in cucumber.

On the basis of result (1) the optimal nitrogen dosage is 80kg·667m ^-2 urea (the amount of pure N is 36.8kg·667m ^-2 ), with amide nitrogen-urea as the control (CK), amide nitrogen (urea) , NH ⁴⁺ -N (ammonium sulfate) and NO ^3— N (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate) are respectively 2:1:1 (T1), 1:2:1 (T2), 1:1:2 ( T3) The ratio is set to three treatments, and other fertilizer application methods and field management measures are the same as before. That is, 1/4 of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and 3/10 of the remaining 3/4 of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the early fruiting stage of the cucumber, and the same amount is applied in 3 times; /10, divided into 7 equal doses.

The amount of urea used as a control is 80kg·667m ^-2 ; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in T1 is (urea 40kg + ammonium sulfate 44kg+ calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 77kg) · 667m ^-2 ; the amount used in T2 nitrogen fertilizer is (urea 20kg+ ammonium sulfate 88kg+ calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 77kg) ·667m ^-2 ; T3 nitrogen fertilizer dosage is (20kg urea + 44kg ammonium sulfate + 154kg calcium nitrate tetrahydrate)·667m ^-2 .

Table 2 Effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the content of propanol in cucumber fruit (unit: g·100g ^-1 )

As shown in Table 2: there are certain differences in the content of propanol in cucumber fruits under different nitrogen ratios at the initial stage of fruiting and the peak stage of fruiting. At the early stage of fruiting, the content of tartronic acid in T2 fruit was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the content of tartronic acid in T3 fruit was the lowest. At the peak fruiting stage, the content of tartronic acid in cucumber fruits of each treatment increased, among which, T3 was the highest, and T2 was significantly higher than other treatments. It indicated that the appropriate ratio of nitrogen fertilizer had a certain promoting effect on the increase of the content of propanol in cucumber fruit.

The above data showed that there were some differences in the content of propanol in cucumber under different nitrogen fertilizer application methods. The suitable level of nitrogen fertilizer application is N4 treatment, ie urea 80kg·667m ^-2 (pure N amount is 36.8kg·667m ^-2 ), under this condition the content of propanol in cucumber was significantly increased. Moreover, in the process of nitrogen fertilizer application, the use of different nitrogen fertilizer ratios also has a certain promotion effect on the increase of the content of propanol in cucumber. Therefore, in cucumber production, the nitrogen fertilizer application method is 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, and in the early stage of fruiting (1 to 3 times), the ratio of pure nitrogen among amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 1:2:1. Apply 3/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer in proportion, and apply in 3 equal amounts; in the peak fruiting period (4 to 10 times), the ratio of pure nitrogen among amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 1: Apply 7/10 of the remaining 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer at a ratio of 1:2, and apply 7 times in equal amounts.

Cucumber quality and yield are affected by many factors, such as variety type, external meteorological factors, fertilization, irrigation, etc. Among them, the influence of fertilizer plays a very important role, and it is a problem worthy of attention in today's vegetable production. High-propanol cucumber is a typical functional cucumber variety. The fruit is rich in propanol, which can prevent the accumulation of fat in the human body, and has the effect of losing weight and preventing coronary heart disease. Under this background, it will become more and more popular. Consumers welcome. In the long-term practice of agricultural production, different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and application methods will affect the growth and development of cucumber, and then affect the content of glyceric acid in cucumber. Therefore, the application of this nitrogen fertilizer application method in the production of functional cucumbers can increase the content of propanol in cucumbers and provide technical support for the rapid development of functional cucumbers with high propanol.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method for improving cucumber hydroxymalonic acid content, purity nitrogen amount of application is 36.8kg667m in nitrogenous fertilizer^-2, Wherein l/4 nitrogenous fertilizer makees base manure, and 10 equivalent of remaining 3/4 nitrogenous fertilizer point impose, it is characterised in that：Described nitrogenous fertilizer includes acid amides state Nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, wherein l/4 nitrogenous fertilizer make base manure, cucumber result initial stage according to amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitre state Purity nitrogen ratio is that 1: 2: 1 ratio applies 3/10 in remaining 3/4 nitrogenous fertilizer in nitrogen, and point 3 equivalent are applied；In the result of cucumber Peak period applies 7/ in remaining 3/4 nitrogenous fertilizer according to the ratio that purity nitrogen ratio in amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 1: 1: 2 10, point 7 equivalent are applied.

2. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method according to claim 1 for improving cucumber hydroxymalonic acid content, it is characterised in that：Described Amidonitrogen is urea.

3. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method according to claim 1 for improving cucumber hydroxymalonic acid content, it is characterised in that：Described Ammonium nitrogen is ammonium sulfate.

4. the nitrogen fertilizer applying method according to claim 1 for improving cucumber hydroxymalonic acid content, it is characterised in that：Described Nitrate nitrogen is four water-calcium nitrate.