CN105340446A - Multilayer fertilization machine used for autumn ploughing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer fertilizer applicator for autumn plowing, which comprises a frame (2), and is characterized in that: the frame (2) is provided with at least a fertilizer box (5) and a fertilizer layer applying mechanism, and the fertilizer layer The specific structure of the application mechanism is as follows: at least include a support (12), one end of the support (12) is fixed with the frame (2), and the other end is provided with a ditching shovel (9) and a vertically arranged fertilizer guide groove (10), The ditching shovel (9) is arranged in front of the fertilizer guiding groove (10), and the fertilizer delivery pipe (4) is arranged between the fertilizer guiding groove (10) and the fertilizer box (5), and the fertilizer guiding groove (10) is in the form of Tubular body, the body of the tube is provided with spiral blades, the surface is provided with a fertilizer outlet (14), the fertilizer outlet (14) is provided with a fertilizer guide plate (11), and the fertilizer guide plate (11) is outward along the tube body extend. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, good layer application effect, obvious fertilization layers, and can improve fertilizer utilization rate and the like.

Description

A multi-layer fertilizer applicator for autumn plowing

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and mainly relates to a multi-layer fertilizer applicator for autumn plowing.

Background technique

At present, the fertilization of cultivated land in autumn is mainly to use machines to sprinkle fertilizer on the surface of the cultivated land, and turn it into the soil of the cultivated layer through the operation of the cultivated land. The fertilizer is easy to fall into the bottom layer of the plow. The disadvantage is that it is easy to cause too deep fertilization and uneven fertilization, especially for row spacing. For wider crops, fertilizers that are far away from the row spacing are also difficult to be absorbed by the crops, resulting in a large amount of waste of fertilizers, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, slow crop growth, increased planting costs, and ineffective increase in yield.

The currently used layered fertilization technology is mainly to fertilize when sowing in spring. It mainly applies the fertilizer layer to the ground through the inclined fertilizer guide groove, and then realizes sowing and covering soil. The disadvantage is that the fertilizer guide groove is inclined. After fertilization, the soil-covering device will cover the soil, resulting in poor layer application effect. When fertilizing, the fertilizer is applied to the ground according to the layers. After the soil is covered, due to the action of the soil-covering mechanism, the fertilizer may appear in disordered layers and the layers are not obvious. As a result, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the crops grow slowly, the cost of planting is increased, and the yield cannot be achieved. And the row spacing of fertilization operation is mainly determined by special-purpose models, and the versatility is poor.

In addition, the inclination angle of the slanted fertilizer guide trough is not easy to grasp. Moreover, due to the effect of the rear suspension of the tractor, when the depth of the plow layer changes, the actual inclination angle will also change. It is easy to make the fertilizer accumulate somewhere in the plow layer, and the phenomenon of burning seeds and seedlings will occur

The applicant proposes a brand-new planting model, which uses fertilization on cultivated land in autumn, pre-buried for winter after fertilization, and sows in the second spring. , and the multi-layer fertilizer spreader used in autumn plowing that can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers is proposed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer fertilizer applicator for autumn plowing. The method solves the problems in the prior art that the input amount of chemical fertilizer is large, the utilization rate of fertilizer is low, the fertilizer is easily lost and the environment is easily polluted.

The invention discloses a multi-layer fertilizer applicator for autumn plowing, which comprises a frame (2), and is characterized in that: the frame (2) is provided with at least a fertilizer box (5) and a fertilizer layer applying mechanism, and the fertilizer layer The specific structure of the application mechanism is as follows: at least include a support (12), one end of the support (12) is fixed with the frame (2), and the other end is provided with a ditching shovel (9) and a vertically arranged fertilizer guide groove (10), The ditching shovel (9) is arranged in front of the fertilizer guiding groove (10), and the fertilizer delivery pipe (4) is arranged between the fertilizer guiding groove (10) and the fertilizer box (5), and the fertilizer guiding groove (10) is in the form of Tubular body, the body of the tube is provided with spiral blades, the surface is provided with a fertilizer outlet (14), the fertilizer outlet (14) is provided with a fertilizer guide plate (11), and the fertilizer guide plate (11) is outward along the tube body extend.

The above-mentioned fertilizer guide plate (11) can be arranged directly behind the fertilizer outlet (14), or can be arranged obliquely behind the fertilizer outlet (14), or some fertilizer outlets (14) are arranged directly behind, and there are The fertilizer outlet (14) place is arranged on the oblique rear.

When it is set at the oblique rear, it can realize fertilization on both sides of the walking track of the fertilizer layer applicator.

In actual use: the spiral blade produces the following effects: fertilizer particles fall from the spiral blade to the fertilizer guide plate, and then fall into the soil layer through the guidance of the fertilizer guide plate. During this process, the movement direction of the fertilizer particles will change when they fall. One change, from moving along the direction of the helical blade to moving along the direction of the fertilizer guide plate, which acts as a buffer for the falling of the fertilizer. Because the angle of the fertilizer falling on each fertilizer guide plate is different, the fertilizer will fall in the direction of the fertilizer guide plate. The speed of movement on the fertilizer guide plate is also different. The falling speed of the fertilizer on the upper layer is slow, and the falling speed of the fertilizer on the lower layer is fast. Furthermore, the soil in the lower layer falls back and covers quickly, and the soil in the upper layer falls and covers slowly, so that the layering effect is better.

The function of the fertilizer guide plate: the angle between the position of the fertilizer guide plate and the speed direction of the fertilizer falling from the spiral blade decreases from top to bottom. After the fertilizer falls and collides with the fertilizer guide plate, the speed of the fertilizer on the upper layer changes greatly, while the speed of the fertilizer on the lower layer changes slightly, causing a speed difference between the fertilizer on the upper layer and the lower layer; from top to bottom, the length of the fertilizer guide plate becomes shorter successively, and the fertilizer guide plate becomes shorter. The angle between the plate and the horizontal direction increases gradually. The falling speed of the fertilizer on the upper fertilizer guide plate is slow, and the falling speed of the fertilizer on the lower fertilizer guide plate is fast, so that the second speed difference of the fertilizer occurs on the fertilizer guide plate, and finally the fertilizer falling speed of the lower layer is fast, and the fertilizer falling speed of the upper layer is slow .

As preferably, a protective plate (15) is provided, and the protective plate is stepped, and the upper end is large, and the lower end is small. Plate (11) both sides.

In actual use: the angle between the fertilizer guide plate and the horizontal direction increases sequentially from top to bottom. During use, the soil corresponding to the fertilizer discharge port (14) can be delayed to fall back, so that the deeper layer of fertilizer is covered by the fallen soil Finally, the previous layer of fertilizer falls just above the soil that has just fallen back. When the side fertilization is used in the shallow layer, the fertilizer outlet and the fertilizer guide plate are biased to both sides. At this time, the protective plate is set in the shape of narrow front and wide in the length direction, and set in the shape of wide top and narrow bottom in the width direction , wherein an intermediate isolation plate is set in the side fertilizer outlet and the gap between the fertilizer guide plate and the protective plate to prevent the fertilizer from falling from the side of the fertilizer guide plate.

There are 2 to 5 groups of the above-mentioned fertilizer layer applicators, and the brackets (12) are connected to the frame (2) through U-bolts. In actual use, the distance between two fertilizer layer applicators can be adjusted as required to realize fertilization at different intervals. .

The above-mentioned frame (2) is also provided with a soil-covering mechanism, and the soil-covering mechanism is arranged behind the fertilizer layer application mechanism. The soil-covering mechanism includes: a soil-covering plate connector (7) and a soil-covering plate (8), and the soil-covering plate (8) passes through the soil-covering The board connector (7) is fixed with the frame (2).

The invention solves the problem of low utilization rate of fertilizers for sowing and fertilizing cultivated land in autumn, effectively utilizes the benefits of fertilizing in autumn, can reduce soil preparation in spring, reduces soil moisture in fertilization, and solves the problem of multiple fertilization in the full plow layer of soil layer, which can make the soil and fertilizer blend for a long time and improve fertilizer efficiency. In the vertical direction of the seed row, fertilizer belts of different depths and certain widths are distributed, and the invention can reduce labor force and increase crop yield.

Apply fertilizer to the soil in autumn, pre-buried for a winter, and sow in the spring of the second year. The pre-buried fertilizer can be fully dissolved with the snow water of the second year, and it can be more fully injected into the soil to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and increase the Yield.

The advantage of this technology is that the diversion of fertilizer is realized through the joint action of the spiral fertilizer guide blade and the fertilizer guide plate, which is different from the diversion effect of only relying on the inclined fertilizer guide plate in the past. The spiral fertilizer guide blade can effectively prevent soil backflow from congesting the fertilizer It can achieve relatively stable fertilizer split flow, and can realize fertilization on both sides of the adjacent seed row, and can adapt to the planting row spacing of different crops.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, good layer application effect, obvious fertilization layers, and can improve fertilizer utilization rate and the like.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilizer layer applicator.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the right view of Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure when there are multiple sets of fertilizer layer applicators.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2.

As shown in the figure: 1 is the ground wheel, 2 is the frame, 3 is the suspension frame, 4 is the fertilizer delivery pipe, 4-1 is the fertilizer guide pipe, 5 is the fertilizer box, 6 is the outrigger, and 7 is the cover board connector , 8 is a cover plate, 9 is a ditching shovel, 10 is a fertilizer guide groove, 11 is a fertilizer guide plate, 12 is a support, 13 is a spiral blade, 14 is a fertilizer outlet, and 15 is a protective plate.

detailed description

Embodiment 1: with reference to Fig. 1～4, be the structural representation of embodiment 1 of the present invention, the present invention comprises frame 2, it is characterized in that: frame 2 is provided with fertilizer box 5 and fertilizer layer applying mechanism at least, described fertilizer The specific structure of the layer application mechanism is as follows: at least include a support 12, one end of the support 12 is fixed to the frame 2, the other end is provided with a ditching shovel 9 and a vertically arranged fertilizer guide groove 10, and the ditching shovel 9 is arranged on the fertilizer guide In front of the groove 10, a fertilizer delivery pipe 4 is arranged between the fertilizer guiding groove 10 and the fertilizer box 5. The fertilizer guiding groove 10 is a tubular body, and a spiral blade is provided in the pipe body, and a fertilizer discharge port 14 is provided on the surface. The fertilizer outlet 14 is provided with a fertilizer guiding plate 11, and the fertilizer guiding plate 11 extends outward along the pipe body.

The above-mentioned fertilizer guide plate 11 can be arranged directly behind the fertilizer outlet 14, or can be arranged obliquely behind the fertilizer outlet 14, or some fertilizer outlets 14 are arranged directly behind, and some fertilizer outlets 14 are arranged at the Diagonal rear.

There are 2 to 5 groups of the above-mentioned fertilizer layer applicators, and the brackets 12 are connected to the frame 2 through U-shaped bolts. In actual use, the distance between two fertilizer layer applicators can be adjusted as required to realize fertilization at different intervals.

The above-mentioned frame 2 is also provided with a soil-covering mechanism, and the soil-covering mechanism is arranged behind the fertilizer layer application mechanism. The soil-covering mechanism includes: a soil-covering plate connector 7 and a soil-covering plate 8, and the soil-covering plate 8 is connected to the frame 2 through the soil-covering plate connector 7. fixed.

The invention solves the problem of low utilization rate of fertilizers for sowing and fertilizing cultivated land in autumn, effectively utilizes the benefits of fertilizing in autumn, can reduce soil preparation in spring, reduces soil moisture in fertilization, and solves the problem of multiple fertilization in the full plow layer of soil layer, which can make the soil and fertilizer blend for a long time and improve fertilizer efficiency. In the vertical direction of the seed row, fertilizer belts of different depths and certain widths are distributed, and the invention can reduce labor force and increase crop yield.

Apply fertilizer to the soil in autumn, pre-buried for a winter, and sow in the spring of the second year. The pre-buried fertilizer can be fully dissolved with the snow water of the second year, and it can be more fully injected into the soil to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and improve Yield.

The advantage of this technology is that the diversion of fertilizer is realized through the joint action of the spiral fertilizer guide blade and the fertilizer guide plate, which is different from the diversion effect of only relying on the inclined fertilizer guide plate in the past. The spiral fertilizer guide blade can effectively prevent soil backflow from congesting the fertilizer It can achieve relatively stable fertilizer split flow, and can realize fertilization on both sides of the adjacent seed row, and can adapt to the planting row spacing of different crops.

Embodiment 2: Referring to FIG. 5 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the structure of the ditching shovel 9 is different. The ditching shovel 9 can be used for deep plowing, and the actual use effect is better.

Claims (8)

1. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of an autumn ploughing use, comprise frame (2), it is characterized in that: frame (2) is at least provided with fertile case (5) and fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanism, the concrete structure of described fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanism is as follows: at least comprise support (12), one end of support (12) and frame (2) are fixed, the other end is provided with furrower (9) and the vertical fertilizer guiding groove (10) arranged, the front in fertilizer guiding groove (10) that furrower (9) is arranged, fertilizer delivering pipe (4) is provided with between fertilizer guiding groove (10) and fertile case (5), described fertilizer guiding groove (10) body in a tubular form, helical blade is provided with in its body, surface is provided with defertilizing opening (14), described defertilizing opening (14) place is provided with fertilizer-guiding plate (11), fertilizer-guiding plate (11) stretches out along body.

2. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fertilizer-guiding plate (11) is arranged on the dead astern of defertilizing opening () and/or oblique rear.

3. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: be provided with protective plate (15), protective plate is stepped, and upper end is large, lower end is little, and described protective plate (15) is located at fertilizer-guiding plate (11) both sides at upper defertilizing opening (14) place of fertilizer guiding groove (10).

4. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: be provided with 2 ~ 5 groups of fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanisms, support (12) is connected with frame (2) by U-bolt.

5. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 3, is characterized in that: be provided with 2 ~ 5 groups of fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanisms, support (12) is connected with frame (2) by U-bolt.

6. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: be provided with casing mechanism, described casing mechanism is arranged on fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanism rear, casing mechanism comprises: trailing bar connector (7) and trailing bar (8), and trailing bar (8) is fixed by trailing bar connector (7) and frame (2).

7. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: be provided with casing mechanism, described casing mechanism is arranged on fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanism rear, casing mechanism comprises: trailing bar connector (7) and trailing bar (8), and trailing bar (8) is fixed by trailing bar connector (7) and frame (2).

8. the multilayer fertilizer distributor of autumn ploughing use according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: be provided with casing mechanism, described casing mechanism is arranged on fertilizer Ceng Shi mechanism rear, casing mechanism comprises: trailing bar connector (7) and trailing bar (8), and trailing bar (8) is fixed by trailing bar connector (7) and frame (2).