CN105333694A - Multistage liquefaction device of gaseous of multistage thermoacoustic engine drive of loop - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas multi-stage liquefaction device driven by a loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine, which is composed of M thermoacoustic engine units and pulse tube refrigerator units bypassing the outlets, where M is a positive integer of 3 to 6; The heat exchanger and a low-temperature end heat exchanger are a refrigeration unit, and the pulse tube refrigerator unit has more than two refrigeration units; multiple bypass pipes are set between the refrigerator regenerator and the pulse tube, so that the two are connected to form at least A bypass air flow channel; the sound work generated by the self-excitation of the thermoacoustic engine undergoes thermoacoustic conversion in the regenerator of the refrigerator, and multiple low-temperature end heat exchangers are maintained at different refrigeration temperatures; the gas to be liquefied passes through each low-temperature end in turn The heat exchanger is liquefied due to the temperature drop; it has no moving parts, compact structure, and high power density; the loop structure makes the engine unit in the traveling wave phase; the multi-path bypass structure realizes gas expansion and refrigeration, which can improve the efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator ; At the same time, the multi-stage refrigeration unit lowers the gas temperature step by step, effectively reducing the irreversible heat transfer loss.

Description

A multi-stage gas liquefaction device driven by a loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine

technical field

The invention belongs to a gas liquefaction device in the field of gas liquefaction, in particular to a gas multistage liquefaction device driven by a loop multistage thermoacoustic engine.

Background technique

Liquefaction is the process by which a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. Since the volume of the gas after liquefaction will become one thousandth of its original volume, which is convenient for storage and transportation, some gases are usually liquefied in reality. There are two ways to achieve liquefaction, one is to lower the temperature, and the other is to compress the volume. Any gas can be liquefied when the temperature drops low enough. Therefore, how to manufacture a cryogenic refrigerator with high reliability, long life, high efficiency, and ability to cascade liquefy gas has become a concern.

A thermoacoustic engine is a device that uses pipes and heat exchangers to obtain a suitable sound field inside it, and converts external heat energy into sound energy through the interaction between the working medium and the solid packing of the regenerator, with no mechanical moving parts , high reliability, long life and high potential thermal efficiency have attracted widespread attention. Among the low-temperature refrigerators widely used at present, the pulse tube refrigerator uses the airflow with periodically changing pressure to oscillate in a tube with low thermal conductivity to complete the refrigeration process. It eliminates the moving parts at the low-temperature end, so it has a simple structure. , small vibration, high reliability and so on. The acoustic work generated by the self-excited oscillation in the thermoacoustic engine is used to drive the pulse tube refrigerator, and a refrigerator without any moving parts from the driving source to the cold end is produced, which has high reliability, long life and high potential thermal efficiency. The advantages are widely concerned by people. In recent years, acoustic resonance thermoacoustic refrigeration systems have attracted extensive attention due to their compact structure, high power density, and high potential thermal efficiency, and further promoted the development of thermally driven pulse tube refrigerators.

Fig. 1 is the multiple bypass pulse tube refrigerator proposed by the patent CN1035788. It is composed of refrigerator main water cooler 2, refrigerator regenerator 3, low-temperature end heat exchanger 4, connecting pipe 5, pulse tube 7, refrigerator secondary water cooler 10, inertia tube 11 and gas storage 12, which are connected in sequence , driven by a pressure wave generator. At an appropriate position in the middle of the regenerator of the refrigerator and the pulse tube, the two are connected through a multi-channel bypass pipeline 13, and at least one bypass airflow path is formed in the regenerator of each stage of the refrigerator; at the same time, in the pulse tube Properly set the resistance packing in the tube to make the gas pass through evenly and smoothly. This pulse tube refrigerator can obtain greater refrigeration power and lower refrigeration temperature, thereby improving refrigeration efficiency.

Figure 2 shows the acoustic resonance thermoacoustic refrigeration system proposed by Luo Ercang et al. The system is mainly composed of a plurality of thermoacoustic engine units 14 and a pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, and each pulse refrigerator unit has only one low-temperature end heat exchanger. Each stage of the thermoacoustic engine unit is connected end to end through a resonant tube 23 to form a loop structure. The system has a compact structure, can realize the recovery of sound power in the resonance tube, has high potential thermal efficiency, and can be connected in series with any number of thermoacoustic engine units and pulse tube refrigerator units according to the cooling capacity requirements. The system can be applied in the final part of the liquefied gas process, that is, to absorb the latent heat of the gas at the liquefaction temperature to change the gas from gas to liquid. However, if this system is used to complete the overall liquefaction process of liquefying normal-temperature gas to low-temperature liquid, it will cause a large heat transfer loss due to the inability to realize gas cascade cooling, and the efficiency is very low.

In order to solve the above existing problems, the present invention proposes a gas multi-stage liquefaction device driven by a loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine that can realize the integration of gas liquefaction; it has no moving parts at all, is safe and reliable, and the core components of the engine are all in the traveling wave In the middle phase; there are multiple low-temperature end heat exchangers with different temperatures, which can reduce the gas temperature in steps and effectively reduce heat transfer loss; the use of multiple bypass structures makes the pressure fluctuations in the pulse tube larger, and the pressure wave and volume flow rate The phase is closer to the same phase, which can obtain greater cooling power and lower cooling temperature; the system has a simple structure, fewer moving parts, and is safe and reliable.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a gas multi-stage liquefaction device driven by a loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine, which has no moving parts, high reliability and simple structure, and the thermoacoustic engine unit works in the traveling wave phase with high work efficiency; The temperature of multiple low-temperature end heat exchangers is lowered from room temperature to gas liquefaction temperature in turn, which can reduce the temperature of gas in steps and effectively reduce heat transfer loss; the multi-channel bypass structure can make the bypass point of the pulse tube a cooling part, and the The expansion refrigeration process is formed, so the refrigerator has better refrigeration performance; the resistance packing is arranged at the bypass point of the pulse tube to reduce the mixing loss caused by the turbulence of the air flow; the device can realize the overall process of gas liquefaction, and in terms of gas liquefaction It has broad development and application prospects.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The gas multistage liquefaction device driven by a loop multistage thermoacoustic engine provided by the present invention is composed of a loop structure formed by connecting M thermoacoustic engine units 14 end to end through resonance tubes 23 and M pulse tube refrigerator units 1. M=3～6 positive integers; the thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is composed of a DC suppressor 15, an engine main cooler 16, an engine regenerator 17, a heater 18, a high-temperature end laminar fluidization element 19, and a thermal buffer that are connected in sequence. Tube 20, engine room temperature end laminar fluidization element 21 and engine sub-cooler 22; each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is connected to a pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 at the outlet of the engine sub-cooler 22;

The pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 is composed of the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, the first to Nth stage refrigeration units, the connecting pipe 5, the pulse tube 7, the secondary water cooler 10 of the refrigerator, the inertia tube 11 and the gas storage 12, which are connected in sequence. , wherein N=a positive integer of 2 to 6; the refrigeration unit is composed of a refrigerator regenerator 3 and a low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 connected in series; the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the first-stage refrigeration unit is connected to The main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator is connected, and the low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 of the Nth-stage refrigeration unit is connected with the cold end of the pulse tube 7 through the connecting pipe 5; Diversion wire mesh 9 at the room temperature end of the machine;

In each pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the refrigeration unit is connected to the pulse tube 7 through a bypass line 13 to form at least one bypass air flow channel; the pulse tube 7 is equipped with resistance packing 8, and the resistance packing 8 are axially stacked on both sides of the interface where the gas working medium enters and exits the pulse tube 7, and the resistance packing 8 is a wire mesh or a porous medium material;

The heater 18 of each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is connected with the heat source to absorb the heat of the heat source to form a high-temperature end of the same temperature; the engine main cooler 16 and the engine sub-cooler 22 are all cooled by the water cooler to maintain the room temperature range; therefore, each A temperature gradient is formed on the engine regenerator 17 of the first-stage thermoacoustic engine unit 14; under this temperature gradient, a thermoacoustic effect is generated between the working gas inside the engine regenerator 17 and the solid filler therein, and the input to the heater 18 The heat is converted into sound work; the sound work is propagated and amplified along the positive direction of the temperature gradient, part of the sound work is transferred to the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, and the other part is transferred to the next-stage thermoacoustic engine unit through the resonant tube 23 to repeat the above Process; in the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, the refrigerator main water cooler 2 and the refrigerator sub water cooler 10 are cooled by cooling water to maintain the room temperature range; in the Nth stage refrigeration unit, the sound work generated from the thermoacoustic engine Transfer to the refrigerator regenerator 3 for thermoacoustic conversion, and pump the heat of the N-th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 to the N-1th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger, and the N-th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 Keep the low temperature; as mentioned above, the sound work transferred to the N-1th refrigeration unit undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat of the N-1th low-temperature heat exchanger is pumped to the N-2th low-temperature end Among the heat exchangers, the heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the N-1 stage keeps the low temperature; finally, the heat of all the heat exchangers at the low-temperature end is pumped to the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, and the heat is taken away by the cooling water. The refrigeration temperature of the end heat exchanger is lowered to the gas liquefaction temperature in turn; the liquefied gas passes through the low-temperature end heat exchanger of each refrigeration unit in sequence according to the refrigeration temperature from high to low, the heat of the gas is absorbed, and the temperature is lowered in steps, and the final gas Be liquefied; Wherein, by bypassing the regenerator 3 of each stage refrigerator to a part of the gas in the pulse tube 7 to form expansion refrigeration.

In the above device, the pulse tube 7 of the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 is arranged non-coaxially with the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the refrigeration unit.

The gas multistage liquefaction device driven by a loop multistage thermoacoustic engine of the present invention is composed of a loop structure formed by connecting M thermoacoustic engine units 14 end-to-end through resonance tubes 23 and M pulse tube refrigerator units 1, M = 3 to 6 positive integers; the thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is composed of a DC suppressor 15, an engine main cooler 16, an engine regenerator 17, a heater 18, a high-temperature end laminar fluidization element 19, and a thermal buffer tube connected in sequence 20. The engine room temperature end laminar fluidization element 21 and the engine sub-cooler 22 are composed; the outlet of the engine sub-cooler 22 of each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is connected with a pulse tube refrigerator unit 1;

The pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 is composed of a refrigerator main water cooler 2, a first stage to an Nth stage refrigeration unit connected to the refrigerator main water cooler 2, and a refrigerator located in the first stage to the Nth stage refrigeration unit The pulse tube 7 inside the regenerator 3, the refrigerator secondary water cooler 10, the inertia tube 11 and the gas storage 12 are composed, wherein N=a positive integer of 2 to 6; the refrigeration unit is composed of a refrigerator regenerator 3 and its A low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 connected in series; the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the first-stage refrigeration unit and the room temperature end of the pulse tube 7 are connected to the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, and the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the N-stage refrigeration unit 4 is connected to the cold end of the pulse tube 7; the two ends of the pulse tube 7 are respectively equipped with a low-temperature end guide wire mesh 6 and a refrigerator room temperature end guide wire mesh 9;

In each pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the refrigeration unit communicates with the pulse tube 7 through a plurality of through holes opened on the common wall surface of the two or a porous medium wall surface made directly; There is a resistance packing 8, and the resistance packing 8 is axially stacked on both sides of the interface where the gas working medium enters and exits the pulse tube 7, and the resistance packing 8 is a wire mesh or a porous medium material;

The heater 18 of each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is connected with the heat source to absorb the heat of the heat source to form a high-temperature end of the same temperature; the engine main cooler 16 and the engine sub-cooler 22 are all cooled by the water cooler to maintain the room temperature range; therefore, each A temperature gradient is formed on the engine regenerator 17 of the first-stage thermoacoustic engine unit 14; under this temperature gradient, a thermoacoustic effect is generated between the working gas inside the engine regenerator 17 and the solid filler therein, and the input to the heater 18 The heat is converted into sound work; the sound work is propagated and amplified along the positive direction of the temperature gradient, part of the sound work is transferred to the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, and the other part is transferred to the next-stage thermoacoustic engine unit through the resonant tube 23 to repeat the above Process; in the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, the refrigerator main water cooler 2 and the refrigerator sub water cooler 10 are cooled by cooling water to maintain the room temperature range; in the Nth stage refrigeration unit, the sound work generated from the thermoacoustic engine Transfer to the refrigerator regenerator 3 for thermoacoustic conversion, and pump the heat of the N-th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 to the N-1th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger, and the N-th stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 Keep the low temperature; as mentioned above, the sound work transferred to the N-1th refrigeration unit undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat of the N-1th low-temperature heat exchanger is pumped to the N-2th low-temperature end Among the heat exchangers, the heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the N-1 stage keeps the low temperature; finally, the heat of all the heat exchangers at the low-temperature end is pumped to the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, and the heat is taken away by the cooling water. The refrigeration temperature of the end heat exchanger is lowered to the gas liquefaction temperature in turn; the liquefied gas passes through the low-temperature end heat exchanger of each refrigeration unit in sequence according to the refrigeration temperature from high to low, the heat of the gas is absorbed, and the temperature is lowered in steps, and the final gas Be liquefied; Wherein, by bypassing the regenerator 3 of each stage refrigerator to a part of the gas in the pulse tube 7 to form expansion refrigeration.

In the above device, the pulse tube 7 of the pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 and the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the refrigeration unit are coaxially arranged.

The direct current suppressor 15 is an elastic diaphragm element or an asymmetric hydraulic element. The gas flow rate in the bypass flow channel is regulated by a resistance element; the resistance element is composed of a valve, a small hole or a capillary. The diameters of the regenerators 3 of each refrigerator are equal or unequal. The pulse tube 7 is an empty tube with equal diameter or non-equal diameter. The working gas is helium, hydrogen, nitrogen or a combination thereof. The gas to be liquefied is natural gas, nitrogen or hydrogen.

The loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine-driven gas multi-stage liquefaction device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure without moving parts, the thermoacoustic engine unit works in the traveling wave phase, compact structure and high energy density; multiple low-temperature ends are used As a cascaded cold source, the heat exchanger effectively reduces heat transfer loss and is beneficial to the gas liquefaction process; the system has fewer moving parts, high reliability, and simple structure; the multi-channel bypass structure can make the bypass point of the pulse tube a cooling part, The expansion refrigeration process is formed in the pulse tube, so greater cooling capacity and lower cooling temperature can be obtained; resistance packing is arranged at the bypass point of the pulse tube, which can reduce the mixing loss caused by the turbulence of the air flow. The invention can efficiently realize the overall process of gas multi-stage liquefaction, and has good application prospects in the aspect of liquefied gas.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the multiple bypass pulse tube refrigerator proposed by Zhou Yuan et al.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the acoustic resonance traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigeration system proposed by Luo Ercang et al.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas multistage liquefaction device (embodiment 1) driven by a loop multistage thermoacoustic engine of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas multistage liquefaction device driven by a loop multistage thermoacoustic engine (Example 2) of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than Full examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The system of the present invention recovers the sound power consumed by the resonance tube, and has high potential thermal efficiency; the system has no moving parts, high reliability, compact structure, and high energy density; the multi-stage cold source can reduce the gas temperature step by step, and can Effectively reduce heat transfer loss; the system has fewer moving parts, high reliability, and simple structure; the use of multiple bypass structures can enable the refrigerator to obtain greater cooling capacity and lower cooling temperature, improving the efficiency of the refrigerator; The resistance filler is arranged at the bypass point of the pulse tube, which can reduce the mixing loss caused by the turbulence of the air flow; the device can efficiently and reliably realize the integrated process of gas liquefaction.

Example 1

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas multi-stage (four-stage) liquefaction device (embodiment 1) driven by a loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine of the present invention. It consists of 3 thermoacoustic engine units (1#, 2#, 3#) connected end-to-end through a resonance tube 23 to form a loop structure and 3 pulse tube refrigerator units 1; each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is composed of DC Suppressor 15, engine main cooler 16, engine regenerator 17, heater 18, high temperature end laminar fluidization element 19, heat buffer pipe 20, engine room temperature end laminar fluidization element 21 and engine secondary cooler 22; A pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 is bypassed at the outlet of the engine subcooler 22 of a thermoacoustic engine unit 14;

In this embodiment, each pulse tube refrigerator unit 1 is composed of the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, the 4-stage refrigeration unit connected in series, the connecting pipe 5, the pulse tube 7, the secondary water cooler 10 of the refrigerator, the inertia tube 11 and the gas storage 12 components; each refrigeration unit is composed of a refrigerator regenerator 3 and a low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 connected in series, the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the first-stage refrigeration unit is connected with the refrigerator main water cooler 2, The low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 of the fourth-stage refrigeration unit is connected to the connecting pipe 5; in order to reduce the loss caused by the jet flow, one end of the pulse tube 7 near the connecting pipe 5 is equipped with a low-temperature end guide wire mesh 6, and the other end Equipped with deflector mesh 9 at the room temperature end of the refrigerator; the regenerator 3 of the refrigerator at each stage of the refrigeration unit is connected to the pulse tube 7 through a bypass pipeline 13 to form a bypass airflow channel, and the flow rate of each bypass airflow channel is adjusted The resistance element is a valve; the pulse tube 7 is also equipped with a resistance packing 8, and the resistance packing 8 is axially stacked on both sides of the interface where the bypass gas working medium enters and exits the pulse tube 7, so that the gas working medium can pass through evenly and smoothly. Filler 8 is silk screen;

In this embodiment 1, the gas working medium is helium, and the gas to be liquefied is natural gas, and the heater 18 is connected to the heat source and absorbs the heat of the heat source to form a high temperature end (923K) of the same temperature; the engine main cooler 16, the engine secondary cooler 22. The main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator and the secondary water cooler 10 of the refrigerator are cooled by cooling water to maintain the room temperature range (310K); a temperature gradient is formed on the engine regenerator 17 of each stage of thermoacoustic engine unit 14, and the engine regenerates heat The thermoacoustic effect is generated between the working gas inside the device 17 and the solid packing inside, and the heat input to the heater 18 is converted into sound work; the sound work is propagated and amplified along the positive direction of the temperature gradient, and a part of the sound work is transferred to the pulse tube cooling In the machine unit 1, the other part is transferred to the next-stage thermoacoustic engine unit 14 through the resonant tube 23 to repeat the above process; Conversion: The sound work transferred to the fourth-stage refrigeration regenerator 17 undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat of the fourth-stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 is pumped to the third-stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4, and the fourth-stage The heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the first stage keeps the low temperature; the sound work transferred to the third-stage refrigeration unit undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat from the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the third stage is pumped to the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the second stage, The heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the third stage keeps the low temperature; in this way, all the heat of the heat exchanger 4 at the low-temperature end is pumped to the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, and the heat is taken away by the cooling water; the heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the adjacent refrigeration unit The temperature difference of the heater 4 is 50K, that is, the cooling temperatures of the first to fourth stage low-temperature end heat exchangers are 260K, 210K, 160K, and 110K (natural gas liquefaction temperature zone); The gas heat is absorbed, the temperature is lowered in turn, and finally liquefied; wherein, by bypassing a part of the gas from the regenerator 3 of the refrigerator to the pulse tube 7, the pulse tube can be effectively increased. The rigidity of the gas in the pulse tube 7 can also increase the pressure fluctuation in the pulse tube 7, and the phase of the pressure fluctuation and the volume flow rate is closer, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator.

Example 2:

Fig. 4 is the gas multi-stage (4 stage) liquefaction device (embodiment 2) structural representation driven by loop multi-stage thermoacoustic engine of the present invention; The device consists of 3 thermoacoustic engine units (1#, 2#, 3# ) consists of a loop structure connected end to end by resonance tubes 23 and three pulse tube refrigerator units 1; each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is composed of a DC suppressor 15, an engine main cooler 16, an engine regenerator 17, a heater 18. Composed of a high-temperature end laminar fluidization element 19, a thermal buffer pipe 20, an engine room temperature end laminar fluidization element 21, and an engine subcooler 22; the outlet of the engine subcooler 22 of each thermoacoustic engine unit 14 is bypassed by a pulse Tube refrigerator unit 1;

In each pulse tube refrigerator unit 1, a refrigerator regenerator 3 and a low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 connected in series form a first-stage refrigeration unit, and this embodiment has four stages of refrigeration units connected in series; The pipe 7 is located in the refrigerator regenerators of the first to fourth stage refrigeration units, and the hot end of the refrigerator regenerator 3 of the first stage refrigeration unit and the hot end of the pulse tube 7 are in contact with the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator , the cold end of the pulse tube 7 is in contact with the fourth-stage low-temperature end heat exchanger 4; the gas storage 12 is connected with the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator through the inertia tube 11;

The two ends of the pulse tube 7 are respectively equipped with a low-temperature end guide wire mesh 6 and a refrigerator room temperature end guide wire mesh 9 to reduce the loss caused by the jet flow; A small hole is opened on the common wall to form a bypass airflow channel between the regenerator of the refrigerator and the pulse tube; and resistance packing 8 is arranged in the pulse tube 7 on both sides of each small hole, and the resistance packing is a wire mesh;

In this embodiment 2, the gas working medium is helium, and the gas to be liquefied is natural gas, and the heater 18 is connected to the heat source to absorb the heat of the heat source to form a high-temperature end (923K) of the same temperature; the engine main cooler 16, the engine secondary cooler 22. The main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator and the secondary water cooler 10 of the refrigerator are cooled by cooling water to maintain the room temperature range (310K); a temperature gradient is formed on the engine regenerator 17 of each stage of thermoacoustic engine unit 14, and the engine regenerator The thermoacoustic effect is generated between the working gas inside the heater 17 and the solid filler inside, and the heat input to the heater 18 is converted into sound work; the sound work is propagated and amplified along the positive direction of the temperature gradient, and a part of the sound work is transmitted to the vessel In the refrigerator unit 1, the other part is transmitted to the next-stage thermoacoustic engine unit through the resonant tube 23 to repeat the above process; Conversion: The sound work transferred to the regenerator 3 of the fourth-stage refrigerator undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat of the low-temperature end heat exchanger 4 of the fourth stage is pumped to the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the third stage. The heat exchanger at the low-temperature end of the first stage keeps the low temperature; the sound work transferred to the third-stage refrigeration unit undergoes thermoacoustic conversion, and the heat from the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the third stage is pumped to the low-temperature end heat exchanger of the second stage, The third-stage low temperature end heat exchanger keeps the low temperature; as mentioned above, finally all the heat from the low temperature end heat exchanger 4 is pumped to the main water cooler 2 of the refrigerator, and the heat is taken away by the cooling water. The temperature difference between the low-temperature end heat exchangers 4 in adjacent refrigeration units is 50K, that is, the cooling temperatures of the first to fourth-stage low-temperature end heat exchangers are 260K, 210K, 160K, and 110K (natural gas liquefaction temperature range). The natural gas to be liquefied passes through each low-temperature end heat exchanger sequentially according to the order of refrigeration temperature from high to low, the heat of the gas is absorbed, the temperature decreases in turn, and finally is liquefied. Among them, by bypassing a part of the gas in the pulse tube 7 from the regenerator 3 of each refrigerator, the stiffness of the gas in the pulse tube can be effectively increased, and at the same time, the pressure fluctuation in the pulse tube can be increased, and the phase of the pressure fluctuation and the volume flow rate is closer , which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (8)

1. the multistage liquefying plant of gas of a loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving, its by M thermoacoustic engine unit (14) by resonatron (23) join end to end form loop structure and M vascular refrigerator unit (1) form, M is 3 ~ 6 positive integers; Described thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is made up of the direct current suppressor be connected successively (15), engine primary cooler (16), engine regenerator (17), heater (18), temperature end laminarization element (19), thermal buffer tube (20), engine room temperature end layer fluidisation element (21) and engine time cooler 22; Engine time cooler (22) exit of each thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is other connects a vascular refrigerator unit (1);

Described vascular refrigerator unit (1) is made up of to N level refrigeration unit, tube connector (5), pulse tube (7), refrigeration machine time water cooler (10), inertia tube (11) and air reservoir (12) the refrigeration owner water cooler (2) be connected successively, first, and wherein N is 2 ~ 6 positive integers; Described refrigeration unit is made up of a refrigeration machine regenerator (3) and a low-temperature end heat exchanger (4) being connected in series with it; The refrigeration machine regenerator (3) of the 1st grade of refrigeration unit is connected with refrigeration owner's water cooler (2), and the low-temperature end heat exchanger (4) of N level refrigeration unit is connected with pulse tube (7) cold junction by tube connector (5); Pulse tube (7) two ends are equipped with low-temperature end water conservancy diversion silk screen (6) and refrigeration machine indoor temperature end water conservancy diversion silk screen (9) respectively;

In each vascular refrigerator unit (1), the refrigeration machine regenerator (3) of refrigeration unit is connected to form at least one bypass flow passage by bypass line (13) and pulse tube (7); Pulse tube (7) is built with resistance filler (8), resistance filler (8) is axially laminated in the interface both sides of gas working medium turnover pulse tube (7), and described resistance filler (8) is silk screen or porous media material;

The heater (18) of each thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is connected with thermal source to absorb the temperature end that heat from heat source forms identical temperature; Engine primary cooler (16) and engine time cooler (22) all cool to maintain room temperature range by water cooler; For this reason, the upper formation temperature gradient of the engine regenerator (17) of every one-level thermoacoustic engine unit (14); Under this thermograde, between engine regenerator (17) interior working gas and the solid packing in it, produce thermoacoustic effect, the converting heat Cheng Shenggong of heater (18) will be input to; Sound merit is propagated along the positive direction of thermograde and amplifies, and a part of sound merit is delivered in vascular refrigerator unit (1), and another part is delivered in next stage thermoacoustic engine unit by resonatron (23) and repeats above process; In vascular refrigerator unit (1), refrigeration owner's water cooler (2) and refrigeration machine time water cooler (10) maintain room temperature range by water quench; In N level refrigeration unit, the sound merit produced from thermoacoustic engine is delivered in refrigeration machine regenerator (3) and Sonic heat changing occurs, be pumped in the low-temperature end heat exchanger of N-1 level by the heat of N grade low-temp end heat exchanger (4), N grade low-temp end heat exchanger (4) keeps low temperature; As mentioned above, be delivered to sound merit in N-1 level refrigeration unit through Sonic heat changing, be pumped in the low-temperature end heat exchanger of N-2 level by the heat of N-1 grade low-temp end heat exchanger, N-1 grade low-temp end heat exchanger keeps low temperature; Finally, the heat of all low-temperature end heat exchangers is all pumped in refrigeration owner's water cooler (2), and heat is taken away by cooling water, and the cryogenic temperature of N grade low-temp end heat exchanger is reduced to gas liquefaction temperature successively; Gas to be liquefied passes through the low-temperature end heat exchanger of each refrigeration unit successively according to cryogenic temperature order from high to low, and gas heat is absorbed, and temperature step reduces, and final gas is liquefied; Wherein, swell refrigeration is formed by being bypassed to a part of gas in pulse tube (7) from every grade of refrigeration machine regenerator (3).

2. the multistage liquefying plant of gas of a loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving, its by M thermoacoustic engine unit (14) by resonatron (23) join end to end form loop structure and M vascular refrigerator unit (1) form, M is 3 ~ 6 positive integers; Described thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is made up of the direct current suppressor be connected successively (15), engine primary cooler (16), engine regenerator (17), heater (18), temperature end laminarization element (19), thermal buffer tube (20), engine room temperature end layer fluidisation element (21) and engine time cooler 22; Engine time cooler (22) exit of each thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is other connects a vascular refrigerator unit (1);

Described vascular refrigerator unit (1) is by refrigeration owner's water cooler (2), the first order be connected with refrigeration owner's water cooler (2) is to N level refrigeration unit, be positioned at the described first order to N level refrigeration unit refrigeration machine regenerator (3) within pulse tube (7), refrigeration machine time water cooler (10), inertia tube (11) and air reservoir (12) composition, wherein N is the positive integer of 2 ~ 6; Described refrigeration unit is made up of a refrigeration machine regenerator (3) and a low-temperature end heat exchanger (4) being connected in series with it; The refrigeration machine regenerator (3) of the 1st grade of refrigeration unit and pulse tube (7) indoor temperature end are connected with refrigeration owner's water cooler (2), and the low-temperature end heat exchanger (4) of N level refrigeration unit is connected with pulse tube (7) cold junction; Pulse tube (7) two ends are equipped with low-temperature end water conservancy diversion silk screen (6) and refrigeration machine indoor temperature end water conservancy diversion silk screen (9) respectively;

In each vascular refrigerator unit (1), the refrigeration machine regenerator (3) of refrigeration unit is connected by multiple through hole that both common walls are opened or the porous media wall directly made with pulse tube (7); Pulse tube (7) is built with resistance filler (8), resistance filler (8) is axially laminated in the interface both sides of gas working medium turnover pulse tube (7), and described resistance filler (8) is silk screen or porous media material;

The heater (18) of each thermoacoustic engine unit (14) is connected with thermal source to absorb the temperature end that heat from heat source forms identical temperature; Engine primary cooler (16) and engine time cooler (22) all cool to maintain room temperature range by water cooler; For this reason, the upper formation temperature gradient of the engine regenerator (17) of every one-level thermoacoustic engine unit (14); Under this thermograde, between engine regenerator (17) interior working gas and the solid packing in it, produce thermoacoustic effect, the converting heat Cheng Shenggong of heater (18) will be input to; Sound merit is propagated along the positive direction of thermograde and amplifies, and a part of sound merit is delivered in vascular refrigerator unit (1), and another part is delivered in next stage thermoacoustic engine unit by resonatron (23) and repeats above process; In vascular refrigerator unit (1), refrigeration owner's water cooler (2) and refrigeration machine time water cooler (10) maintain room temperature range by water quench; In N level refrigeration unit, the sound merit produced from thermoacoustic engine is delivered in refrigeration machine regenerator (3) and Sonic heat changing occurs, be pumped in the low-temperature end heat exchanger of N-1 level by the heat of N grade low-temp end heat exchanger (4), N grade low-temp end heat exchanger (4) keeps low temperature; As mentioned above, be delivered to sound merit in N-1 level refrigeration unit through Sonic heat changing, be pumped in the low-temperature end heat exchanger of N-2 level by the heat of N-1 grade low-temp end heat exchanger, N-1 grade low-temp end heat exchanger keeps low temperature; Finally, the heat of all low-temperature end heat exchangers is all pumped in refrigeration owner's water cooler (2), and heat is taken away by cooling water, and the cryogenic temperature of N grade low-temp end heat exchanger is reduced to gas liquefaction temperature successively; Gas to be liquefied passes through the low-temperature end heat exchanger of each refrigeration unit successively according to cryogenic temperature order from high to low, and gas heat is absorbed, and temperature step reduces, and final gas is liquefied; Wherein, swell refrigeration is formed by being bypassed to a part of gas in pulse tube (7) from every grade of refrigeration machine regenerator (3).

3., by the multistage liquefying plant of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described direct current suppressor (15) is elastic diaphragm element or asymmetric hydraulic component.

4., by the multistage liquefying plant of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the gas working medium flow in described bypass flow passage is regulated by resistance element; Resistance element is valve, aperture or capillary composition.

5. by the multistage liquefying plant of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the equal diameters of described every grade of refrigeration machine regenerator (3) or unequal.

6., by the multistage liquefying plant of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described pulse tube (7) is equal diameter blank pipe or non-equal diameter blank pipe.

7. by the multistage liquefaction flow path of a kind of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2 and device, it is characterized in that, described gas working medium is helium, hydrogen, nitrogen or its combination.

8., by the multistage liquefaction flow path of a kind of loop Multi-stage heat phonomotor driving gas described in claim 1 or 2 and device, it is characterized in that, described gas to be liquefied is natural gas, nitrogen or hydrogen.