CN105324392A - 外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的重组腺相关病毒递送 - Google Patents
外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的重组腺相关病毒递送 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗由DMD外显子2的复制引起的杜氏肌营养不良症的多核苷酸的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)递送。本发明提供rAAV产品和使用所述rAAV治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的方法。
Description
本申请要求2013年4月20日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/814,256的提交日期的权益,所述美国临时专利申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗由DMD外显子2的复制引起的杜氏肌营养不良症(DuchenneMuscularDystrophy)的多核苷酸的重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)递送。本发明提供rAAV产品和使用rAAV治疗杜氏肌营养不良症的方法。
通过引用并入序列表
本申请含有作为公开内容单独部分的计算机可读形式的序列表(文件名:47699PCT_SeqListing.txt;10,162字节–ASCII文本文件,创建于2014年4月18日),其全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。
背景
肌营养不良症(MD)是一类遗传性疾病。该类疾病的特征在于控制运动的骨骼肌的进行性衰弱和退化。一些形式的MD在婴儿期或儿童期发展,而其它形式可能直到中年或晚年才出现。该病症在肌肉衰弱的分布和程度(一些形式的MD还影响心肌)、发作的年龄、进展速率和遗传模式方面不同。
一种形式的MD是杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)。它是最普通的严重的儿童形式的肌营养不良症,影响5000名男性新生儿中的1名。DMD由DMD基因的突变引起,所述突变导致骨骼肌和心肌以及GI道和视网膜中肌养蛋白蛋白(427KDa)的缺乏。肌养蛋白不仅保护肌纤维膜免于离心收缩,而且还锚固紧密靠近肌纤维膜的多种信号传导蛋白。DMD的许多临床病例与DMD基因的缺失突变有关联。尽管有许多根据DMD基因的鉴定的研究方向,但治疗选择仍有限。皮质类固醇类为明确有益的,但是随着行走年数的增加,益处被长期副作用抵消。20多年以前报道的原始对照、随机化双盲研究证明使用强的松(prednisone)的益处[Mendell等,N.Engl.J.Med.,320:1592-1597(1989)]。随后的报道显示使用地夫可特(deflazacort)(一种保钠类固醇)的相等功效[Biggar等,J.Pediatr.,138:45-50(2001)]。最近的研究也证明通过外显子跳跃(exonskipping)实现的功效,即在6MWT中延长步行距离。到目前为止公布的临床研究已经报道仅仅其中通过跳过外显子51来修复阅读框的突变的益处[Cirak等,Lancet,378:595-605(2011)和Goemans等,NewEngl.J.Med.364:1513-1522(2011)]。在唯一的双盲随机化治疗试验的报道中,使用eteplirsen(一种磷酰二胺吗啉代寡聚物(PMO))证明了有希望的结果。在所有这些外显子跳跃试验中,发现的共同特征是在最初适度改善后行走能力的平稳期。
还参见2012年3月29日公布的美国专利申请公开No.2012/0077860;2013年3月21日公布的2013/0072541;和2013年2月21日公布的2013/0045538。
与缺失突变形成对照,DMD外显子复制造成抗肌萎缩蛋白病(dystrophinopathy)患者的无偏样本中约5%的致病突变[Dent等,Am.J.Med.Genet.,134(3):295-298(2005)],尽管在一些类型的突变中复制的数目较高[包括由联合抗肌萎缩蛋白病项目(UnitedDystrophinopathyProject)出版的Flanigan等,Hum.Mutat.,30(12):1657-1666(2009),其中其为11%]。
腺相关病毒(AAV)是复制缺陷型细小病毒,其单链DNA基因组长度为约4.7kb,包括145个核苷酸的反相末端重复(ITR)。存在多种AAV血清型。AAV血清型的基因组的核苷酸序列是已知的。例如,AAV-1的完整基因组提供在GenBank登记号NC_002077;AAV-2的完整基因组提供在GenBank登记号NC_001401和Srivastava等,J.Virol.,45:555-564{1983);AAV-3的完整基因组提供在GenBank登记号NC_1829;AAV-4的完整基因组提供在GenBank登记号NC_001829;AAV-5基因组提供在GenBank登记号AF085716;AAV-6的完整基因组提供在GenBank登记号NC_001862;AAV-7和AAV-8基因组的至少部分分别提供在GenBank登记号AX753246和X753249(关于AAV-8还参见美国专利No.7,282,199和7,790,449);AAV-9基因组提供在Gao等,J.Virol.,78:6381-6388(2004);AAV-10基因组提供在Mol.Ther.,13(1):67-76(2006);以及AAV-11基因组提供在Virology,330(2):375-383(2004)。指导病毒DNA复制(rep)、衣壳化/包装和宿主细胞染色体整合的顺式作用序列包含在AAVITR中。三种AAV启动子(关于它们的相对图谱位置命名为p5、p19和p40)驱动编码rep和cap基因的两个AAV内部开放阅读框的表达。与单个AAV内含子的差异剪接偶联的两种rep启动子(p5和p19)(在核苷酸2107和2227处)引起由rep基因产生四种rep蛋白(rep78、rep68、rep52和rep40)。Rep蛋白拥有多种最终负责复制病毒基因组的酶促性质。Cap基因从p40启动子表达并且其编码三种衣壳蛋白VP1、VP2和VP3。可变剪接和非共有翻译起始位点导致产生所述三种相关衣壳蛋白。单一共有多聚腺苷酸化位点位于AAV基因组的图谱位置95处。AAV的生命周期和遗传学综述于Muzyczka,CurrentTopicsinMicrobiologyandImmunology,158:97-129(1992)中。
AAV拥有独特的特征使其具有吸引力在例如基因疗法中作为用于递送外源DNA至细胞的载体。培养细胞的AAV感染是非致细胞病变的,并且天然感染人和其它动物是沉默的并且无症状的。而且,AAV感染许多哺乳动物细胞,允许可能在体内靶向许多不同的组织。此外,AAV缓慢地转导分裂细胞和非分裂细胞,并且可作为转录活性核游离体(染色体外元件)基本上在那些细胞的整个寿命存留。AAV前病毒基因组作为质粒中的克隆DNA具感染性,其使重组基因组的构建可行。此外,因为指导AAV复制、基因组衣壳化和整合的信号包含在AAV基因组的ITR内,所以基因组的内部约4.3kb(编码复制和结构衣壳蛋白rep-cap)的一些或全部可用外源DNA替换。Rep和cap蛋白可以反式提供。AAV的另一重要特征是它是极其稳定和健壮的病毒。它易于抵挡用于使腺病毒失活的条件(56℃至65℃持续几小时),从而使AAV的冷藏具有较小危险。AAV甚至可以被冻干。最后,被AAV感染的细胞对重复感染没有抗性。
AAV8样AAV,称为rh.74,递送编码多种蛋白质的DNA。Xu等,NeuromuscularDisorders,17:209-220(2007)和Martin等,Am.J.Physiol.Cell.Physiol.,296:476-488(2009)涉及针对杜氏肌营养不良症的细胞毒性T细胞GalNAc转移酶的rh.74表达。Rodino-Klapac等,Mol.Ther.,18(1):109-117(2010)描述了通过肢体血管灌注递送AAVrh.74后微肌养蛋白(micro-dystrophin)FLAG蛋白标签融合物的AAVrh.74表达。
肌营养不良症是一类无可确认的治疗的疾病,其严重影响个体、家庭和社会。花费无法估计。个体经受情绪压力和与丧失自尊相关的生活质量下降。由肢体功能丧失引起的极端的身体挑战造成日常生活中活动艰难。家庭动态经受财务损失和对人际关系的挑战。受影响的兄妹感觉疏远,并且配偶之间的争吵常常导致离婚,特别是如果肌营养不良症的原因可能在于其中一方父母。寻求痊愈的负担经常成为损耗和挑战生活各方面的一生的高度集中的努力。家庭之外,社会通过需要增加的设施在特殊教育、特殊交通和用于反复住院治疗反复的呼吸道感染和心脏并发症的费用方面适应肌营养不良症群体的不利因素而承受财务负担。财务责任由国家和联邦政府机关共同分担,从而将责任扩展到纳税群体。
因此,本领域仍然需要治疗肌营养不良症,包括DMD。
概述
本发明提供用于预防、延迟其进展和/或治疗涉及DMD基因的外显子2的复制的DMD的方法和产品。所述方法涉及使用AAV作为编码U7小核RNA和外显子2靶向反义序列的多核苷酸构建体“外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体”的递送载体。例如,将所述多核苷酸构建体插入rAAVrh.74的基因组、rAAV6的基因组或rAAV9的基因组。AAVrh.74基因组的多核苷酸序列在图7和SEQIDNO:1中示出。
示例性外显子2靶向反义序列包括但不限于
U7BTCAAAAGAAAACATTCACAAAATGGGTA(SEQIDNO:3);
U7AlongGTTTTCTTTTGAAGATCTTCTCTTTCATcta(SEQIDNO:4);
U7AshortAGATCTTCTCTTTCATcta(SEQIDNO:5);和
U7CGCACAATTTTCTAAGGTAAGAAT(SEQIDNO:6)。
在一方面,提供改善患者的DMD的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中rAAV的基因组包含外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
在另一方面,本发明提供抑制与DMD相关的营养不良病理的进展的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中rAAV的基因组包含外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
在又一方面,提供改善罹患DMD的患者中的肌肉功能的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中rAAV的基因组包含外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。在一些实例中,肌肉功能的改善是肌肉强度的改善。肌肉强度的改善通过本领域已知的技术确定,所述技术诸如最大自主等长收缩测试(MVICT)。在一些实例中,肌肉功能的改善是站立和行走时稳定性的改善。稳定性强度的改善通过本领域已知的技术确定,所述技术诸如6分钟行走测试(6MWT)或定时爬楼梯。
在另一方面,本发明提供向动物(包括但不限于人)递送外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中rAAV的基因组包含外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
以上和以下描述的本发明的方法的细胞转导效率可为至少约60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%。
在本发明前述方法的一些实施方案中,病毒基因组是自身互补型基因组。在所述方法的一些实施方案中,rAAV的基因组缺乏AAVrep和capDNA。在所述方法的一些实施方案中,rAAV是包含图9中陈述的示例性基因组的SCrAAVU7_ACCA。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAVrh.74。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAV6。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAV9。
在又一方面,本发明提供包含AAVrh.74衣壳蛋白和基因组的rAAV,所述基因组包含示例性的外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体U7_ACCA。在一些实施方案中,rAAV的基因组缺乏AAVrep和capDNA。在一些实施方案中,rAAV包含自身互补型基因组。在所述方法的一些实施方案中,rAAV是包含图9陈述的示例性基因组的SCrAAVU7_ACCA。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAVrh.74。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAV6。在一些实施方案中,rAAV是rAAV9。
本发明的重组AAV基因组包含一个或多个侧翼为至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的AAVITR。特别涵盖具有包含段落[0012]中所陈述的每个外显子2靶向反义序列的外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的基因组,以及具有包含段落[0012]中所陈述的外显子2靶向反义序列的两个或多个的每个可能的组合的外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。在一些实施方案中,包括例证的实施方案,U7snRNA多核苷酸包括其自身的启动子。rAAV基因组中的AAVDNA可来自重组病毒可衍生的任何AAV血清型,包括但不限于AAV血清型AAV-1、AAV-2、AAV-3、AAV-4、AAV-5、AAV-6、AAV-7、AAV-8、AAV-9、AAV-10和AAV-11。如以上背景部分所述,各种AAV血清型的基因组的核苷酸序列在本领域是已知的。在本发明的一些实施方案中,启动子DNA是肌肉特异性控制元件,包括但不限于衍生自肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白基因家族,诸如衍生自myoD基因家族的那些[参见Weintraub等,Science,251:761-766(1991)];肌细胞特异性增强子结合因子MEF-2[Cserjesi和Olson,Mol.Cell.Biol.,11:4854-4862(1991)];衍生自人骨骼肌动蛋白基因的控制元件[Muscat等,Mol.Cell.Biol.,7:4089-4099(1987)];心肌动蛋白基因、肌肉肌酸激酶序列元件[Johnson等,Mol.Cell.Biol.,9:3393-3399(1989)]和衍生自骨骼快肌肌钙蛋白C基因、慢肌心肌钙蛋白C基因和慢肌肌钙蛋白I基因的鼠肌酸激酶增强子(MCK)元件、肌间线蛋白启动子、控制元件:缺氧诱导核因子[Semenza等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,88:5680-5684(1991)];类固醇诱导元件和启动子,包括糖皮质激素反应元件(GRE)[参见Mader和White,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,90:5603-5607(1993)];以及其它控制元件。
本发明的DNA质粒包含本发明的rAAV基因组。将DNA质粒转移至可容许AAV的辅助病毒(例如,腺病毒、E1缺失腺病毒或疱疹病毒)感染的细胞以供将rAAV基因组装配进感染性病毒粒子。其中向细胞提供待包装的AAV基因组、rep和cap基因、和辅助病毒功能的产生rAAV粒子的技术在本领域是标准的。rAAV的产生要求以下组分存在于单个细胞中(本文表示为包装细胞):rAAV基因组、与rAAV基因组分离的(即,不在其中)AAVrep和cap基因、和辅助病毒功能。AAVrep基因可来自重组病毒可衍生的任何AAV血清型,并且可来自与rAAV基因组ITR不同的AAV血清型,包括但不限于AAV血清型AAV-1、AAV-2、AAV-3、AAV-4、AAV-5、AAV-6、AAV-7、AAV-8、AAV-9、AAV-10和AAV-11。特别涵盖了同源组分的使用。假病毒rAAV的产生公开在例如WO01/83692中,其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文。
产生包装细胞的方法是建立稳定表达AAV粒子产生的所有必需组分的细胞系。例如,将包含缺乏AAVrep和cap基因的rAAV基因组、与rAAV基因组分离的AAVrep和cap基因和可选择的标记诸如新霉素抗性基因的质粒(或多个质粒)整合进细胞的基因组。已通过程序诸如GC加尾(Samulski等,1982,Proc.Natl.Acad.S6.USA,79:2077-2081),添加含有限制性内切酶切割位点的合成连接子(Laughlin等,1983,Gene,23:65-73)或通过直接钝端连接(Senapathy和Carter,1984,J.Biol.Chem.,259:4661-4666)将AAV基因组引入细菌质粒。然后用辅助病毒诸如腺病毒感染包装细胞系。本方法的优点是细胞是可选择的并且适于大规模产生rAAV。合适的方法的其它实例采用腺病毒或杆状病毒而非质粒以将rAAV基因组和/或rep和cap基因引入包装细胞。
rAAV产生的一般原则在例如Carter,1992,CurrentOpinionsinBiotechnology,1533-539;和Muzyczka,1992,Curr.TopicsinMicrobial.andImmunol.,158:97-129)中综述。各种方法描述在Ratschin等,Mol.Cell.Biol.4:2072(1984);Hermonat等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6466(1984);Tratschin等,Mol.Cell.Biol.5:3251(1985);McLaughlin等,J.Virol.,62:1963(1988);以及Lebkowski等,1988Mol.Cell.Biol.,7:349(1988)。Samulski等(1989,J.Virol.,63:3822-3828);美国专利No.5,173,414;WO95/13365和相应的美国专利No.5,658.776;WO95/13392;WO96/17947;PCT/US98/18600;WO97/09441(PCT/US96/14423);WO97/08298(PCT/US96/13872);WO97/21825(PCT/US96/20777);WO97/06243(PCT/FR96/01064);WO99/11764;Perrin等(1995)Vaccine13:1244-1250;Paul等(1993)HumanGeneTherapy4:609-615;Clark等(1996)GeneTherapy3:1124-1132;美国专利No.5,786,211;美国专利No.5,871,982;和美国专利No.6,258,595。前述文献的全部内容在此以引用的方式并入本文,其中特别强调与rAAV产生相关的那些文献的部分。
本发明因此提供产生感染性rAAV的包装细胞。在一个实施方案中,包装细胞可为稳定转化的癌细胞,诸如HeLa细胞、293细胞和PerC.6细胞(同源293细胞系)。在另一个实施方案中,包装细胞为不是被转化的癌细胞的细胞,诸如低传代293细胞(用腺病毒的E1转化的人胚胎肾细胞)、MRC-5细胞(人胚胎成纤维细胞)、WI-38细胞(人胚胎成纤维细胞)、Vero细胞(猴肾细胞)和FRhL-2细胞(猕猴胚胎肺细胞)。
rAAV可通过本领域标准的方法诸如通过柱层析或氯化铯梯度进行纯化。用于从辅助病毒纯化rAAV载体的方法在本领域是已知的并且包括公开于例如Clark等,Hum.GeneTher.,10(6):1031-1039(1999);Schenpp和Clark,MethodsMol.Med.,69427-443(2002);美国专利No.6,566,118和WO98/09657中的方法。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涵盖包含本发明的rAAV的组合物。本发明的组合物包含药学上可接受的载体中的rAAV。所述组合物还可包含其它成分,诸如稀释剂。可接受的载体和稀释剂在所采用的剂量和浓度下对接受者是无毒的并且优选是惰性的,并且包括缓冲剂诸如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐或其它有机酸;抗氧化剂诸如抗坏血酸;低分子量多肽;蛋白质,诸如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸诸如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其它碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂诸如EDTA;糖醇诸如甘露醇或山梨糖醇;成盐抗衡离子诸如钠;和/或非离子型表面活性剂诸如Tween、普郎尼克类或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
通过将所需量的rAAV连同多种如上所列举的其它成分(根据需要)掺入适当的溶剂,然后过滤消毒来制备无菌可注射溶液。通常,通过将无菌的活性成分掺入无菌媒介物来制备分散液,所述媒介物含有基本分散介质和选自以上所列举的那些的所需的其它成分。在用于制备无菌可注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,其产生活性成分加其来自前述无菌过滤的溶液的任何另外所需成分的粉末。
在本发明的方法中待施用的rAAV的滴度根据例如特定的rAAV、施用模式、治疗目标、个体和所靶向的细胞类型而变化,并且可通过本领域的标准方法确定。rAAV的滴度的范围可为每ml约1x106、约1x107、约1x108、约1x109、约1x1010、约1x1011、约1x1012、约1x1013至约1x1014或更多个DNA酶抗性粒子(DRP)。剂量也可表示为病毒基因组的单位(vg)(即,分别是1x107vg、1x108vg、1x109vg、1x1010vg、1x1011vg、1x1012vg、1x1013vg、1x1014vg)。
本发明涵盖体内或体外用rAAV转导靶细胞(例如,骨骼肌)的方法。所述方法包括向有需要的动物(包括人类)施用有效剂量或有效的多个剂量的包含本发明的rAAV的组合物的步骤。如果剂量是在DMD发展之前施用,则所述施用是预防性的。如果剂量是在DMD发展之后施用,则所述施用是治疗性的。在本发明的实施方案中,有效剂量是减轻(消除或减少)与所治疗的DMD相关的至少一种症状、减缓或防止进展为DMD、减缓或防止病症/疾病状态的进展、减小疾病的程度、引起疾病的缓解(部分或完全)和/或延长存活的剂量。
施用有效剂量的组合物可通过本领域的标准途径进行,所述途径包括但不限于肌内、肠胃外、静脉内、口、颊、鼻、肺、颅内、骨内、眼内、直肠或阴道。本领域技术人员可通过考虑所治疗的感染和/或疾病状态和靶细胞/组织来选择和/或匹配施用途径和本发明的rAAV的AAV组分(具体地,AAVITR和衣壳蛋白)。在一些实施方案中,施用途径是肌内。在一些实施方案中,施用途径是静脉内。
本发明还涵盖组合疗法。如本文所使用的组合包括同时治疗或顺序治疗。特别涵盖本发明的方法与标准医学治疗(例如,皮质类固醇和/或免疫抑制药物)的组合,以及与其它疗法诸如以上背景部分中提到的那些的组合。
附图简述
图1显示Dup2小鼠中肌肉的组织学和免疫荧光分析。
图2显示来自Dup2小鼠中肌肉的蛋白质印迹分析的免疫印迹。
图3显示由针对外显子剪接增强子的AON诱导的MyoD转分化的成肌细胞中跳过复制的外显子2导致39%野生型转录物。每条泳道的剂量以nmol示出(25、50、100、200、300、400、500)。不同转录物的量在每条泳道下面示出,其中最大值用阴影表示。TB=转染缓冲液。NSM=正常骨骼肌。外显子2复制、wt和外显子2缺失的百分数在每条泳道的下面列出。
图4图示说明外显子跳跃的U7snRNA载体途径。U7snRNA用作靶向前信使RNA的载体。它由用于核质输出的环、结合用于在U7snRNA和靶前mRNA之间高效装配的Sm蛋白的识别序列和靶向前mRNA的反义序列组成。其具有其自身的启动子和3’下游序列。然后将U7盒克隆进AAV质粒以产生所述载体。
图5显示使用SCrAAV载体转导具有示例性外显子2靶向U7snRNA构建体的Dup2永生人纤维成肌细胞的外显子跳跃实验的RT-PCR结果。
图6(A-D)提供体内外显子跳跃实验的结果,其中U7_ACCASCrAAV通过在Dup2小鼠中肌内注射来递送。
图7是rh74基因组序列(SEQIDNO:1),其中核苷酸210-2147是Rep78基因开放阅读框,882-208是Rep52开放阅读框,2079-2081是Rep78终止,2145-2147是Rep78终止,1797-1800是剪接供体位点,2094-2097是剪接受体位点,2121-2124是剪接受体位点,174-181是预测的p5启动子+1,145-151是p5TATA盒,758-761是预测的p19启动子+1,732-738是p19TATA盒,1711-1716是p40TATA盒,2098-4314是VP1Cap基因开放阅读框,2509-2511是VP2起始,2707-2709是VP3起始并且4328-4333是多聚腺苷酸信号。
图8显示具有示例性外显子2靶向U7snRNA的AAV基因组插入物的质粒的图谱。
图9显示图8的质粒的AAV基因组插入物(SEQIDNO:2)的DNA序列。
图10显示指示MLPA探针的大概位置的垂直条。
图11显示用于产生mdxdup2(Dup2)小鼠的载体的示意图。
图12(a-e)显示AAV1U7-ACCA肌内递送至Dup2小鼠的结果。
图13(a-f)显示在Dup2小鼠模型中静脉内注射AAV9U7_ACCA的结果。
实施例
本发明的各方面和实施方案通过以下实施例进行说明。
实施例1
AAVrh.74的分离
使用称为线性滚环扩增(LinearRollingCircleAmplification)的新型技术从猕猴(rhesusmacaque)淋巴结分离独特的AAV血清型。使用所述LRCA过程,从多个猕猴扩增双链环状AAV基因组。所述方法基于使用phi29噬菌体DNA聚合酶和AAV特异性引物通过等温滚环扩增来扩增环状AAV基因组的能力。LRCA产物是环状AAV基因组的连续头尾相接阵列,从所述环状AAV基因组分离全长AAVRep-Cap分子克隆。对四种分离物进行测序,并将预测的Rep和CapORF的氨基酸序列比对且与先前公布的血清型(表)进行比较。分析VP1蛋白质序列并揭示与NHPAAV分支D、E以及AAV4样病毒分离物的同源性。Rep78(表的顶部部分)ORF的分析揭示与AAV1的强烈同源性(98-99%)。
表1
一个猕猴组织样本(rh426-M)产生称为rh.74的相异的AAV8样分离物,其与AAV8共享93%的序列同一性。rh.74基因组的核苷酸序列在图7和SEQIDNO:1中陈述。
将rh.74衣壳基因序列克隆至含有来自AAV2的Rep基因的AAV辅助质粒以提供用于产生重组AAV载体的载体复制功能。
实施例2
DMD模型
DMD外显子2复制的模型的实例包括如下体内和体外模型。
mdxdup2小鼠模型
开发在Dmd基因座中携带外显子2的复制的小鼠。外显子2复制突变是最普通的人复制突变并且导致相对严重的的DMD。
首先,根据White等,Hum.Mutat.,27(9):938-945(2006),通过MLPA和长距离PCR检查11种不同人外显子2复制的最大程度。结果在图10中显示。在图10中,每个垂直条指示MLPA探针的大概位置。阴影柱指示所鉴定的两个热点区;它们用于通过小鼠中外显子2盒的同源性确定插入的位置。
插入载体的图谱在图11中显示。在图谱中,数字指示克隆位点以及外显子和限制位点的相对位置。Neo盒处于基因的相同方向,并且插入点精确地在内含子2中的32207/32208bp处。至少150bp的额外固有序列保持在插入外显子2的每测,E2区为1775-2195bp。外显子2和内含子2的大小分别是62bp和209572bp。
用携带外显子2构建体的载体转染雄性C57BL/6ES细胞,然后通过PCR检查插入。发现一个良好的克隆,扩增并注射进几十个白化体BL/6囊胚。将经注射的囊胚植入受体小鼠。通过PCR然后RT-PCR检查来自嵌合雄性的肌养蛋白基因。使群体扩增并且包括一些繁殖为纯合性的雌性小鼠。
图1和图2证明来自4周龄的半合子mdxdup2小鼠的肌肉中的肌养蛋白表达基本上不存在。(如图2所见,可使用C-末端抗体但不是外显子1特异性Manex1A抗体检测微量表达,这与我们先前描述的由外显子6交替翻译起始位点开始的非常少量翻译一致。)
永生和条件诱导型fibroMyoD细胞系
哺乳动物成纤维细胞中MyoD基因的表达导致将细胞转分化至肌源性谱系。此类细胞可进一步分化为肌管,并且它们表达肌肉基因,包括DMD基因。
产生在四环素诱导型启动子控制下有条件地表达MyoD的永生细胞系。这通过原代成纤维细胞系稳定转染慢病毒(tet诱导型MyoD并含有人端粒酶基因(TER))来达成。得到的稳定细胞系允许通过用多西环素处理起始MyoD表达。此类细胞系从携带外显子2复制的患有DMD的患者产生。
使用所述细胞系,证明了使用由SteveWilton博士(Perth,Australia)提供的2’-O-甲基反义寡聚物(AON)的复制跳跃。测试了多个细胞系。图3示出来自示例性细胞系的结果。
瞬时MyoD转染的原生细胞系
使用用腺病毒-MyoD瞬时转染的原代成纤维细胞系进行原理验证实验。不将腺病毒构建体整合进细胞基因组,但MyoD仍瞬时表达。所得DMD表达足以进行外显子跳跃实验(尽管再现性偏好稳定转染的细胞系。)
实施例3
U7snRNA介导的跳跃对外显子2复制突变的效果
开发了用于复制的外显子的病毒介导的外显子跳跃的产品和方法。与Goyenvalle等,Science,306(5702):1796-1799(2004)或Goyenvalle等,Mol.Ther.,20(6):179601799(2004)中描述的U7snRNA系统相比,所述产品和方法有所改进。
U7snRNA经修饰以包括靶反义序列以干扰在给定靶外显子处的剪接(图4)。具体而言,根据实施例2中所述的AON研究的结果设计四个新外显子2靶向序列。
U7BTCAAAAGAAAACATTCACAAAATGGGTA(SEQIDNO:3)
U7AlongGTTTTCTTTTGAAGATCTTCTCTTTCATcta(SEQIDNO:4)
U7AshortAGATCTTCTCTTTCATcta(SEQIDNO:5)
U7CGCACAATTTTCTAAGGTAAGAAT(SEQIDNO:6)
产生包括外显子2靶序列的U7snRNA构建体。每个U7snRNA构建体包括靶序列之一。还产生靶向选择的其它外显子的U7snRNA构建体(基于以上MyoD转分化的细胞系研究)。然后产生具有包括一个或多个U7snRNA构建体的基因组的自身互补型(SC)AAV载体。
对于细胞培养中的实验和对于在Dup2小鼠中的肌内注射,利用rAAV1载体。在HEK293细胞中,通过无腺病毒的三重质粒DNA转染(CaPO4沉淀)方法,使用包含期望的载体基因组的质粒通过改进的交叉-包装方法(cross-packagingapproach)产生期望AAV血清型的重组SCAAV载体[Rabinowitz等,J.Virol.,76:791–801(2002)]。以与先前所述相同的方式通过用AAV辅助质粒和腺病毒辅助质粒共转染来产生载体[Wang等,Gene.Ther.,10:1528–1534(2003)]。腺病毒辅助质粒(pAdhelper)表达产生高滴度rAAV所需的腺病毒类型5E2A、E4ORF6和VAI/IIRNA基因。
如先前所述通过连续碘克沙醇梯度纯化和使用线性NaCl盐梯度的阴离子交换柱层析从澄清的293细胞裂解物纯化载体[Clark等,Hum.GeneTher,10:1031–1039(1999)]。如先前所述利用Prism7500Taqman检测器系统(PEAppliedBiosystems),使用具有特异性引物/探针组的基于QPCR的检测测量载体基因组(vg)滴度(Clark等,同上)。载体储备液滴度范围为1-10x1012vg/mL。
使用SCrAAV载体转导Dup2永生人纤维成肌细胞,通过RT-PCR进行初始外显子跳跃分析。能够在多西环素的控制下转分化成肌肉谱系细胞的Dup2永生人成纤维细胞通过用表达端粒酶的载体和表达tet-可诱导-MyoD的载体转导来产生。然后转化的人纤维成肌细胞(FM)用携带并入外显子2反义序列的不同U7构建体的SCrAAV转导。
具有三个不同反义序列的SCrAAV.1-U7构建体的RT-PCR结果示出在图5中。在图5中,“(4C)”指示四个拷贝的U7构建体包含在载体基因组中,“+”指示较高剂量并且“U7_ACCAA=Along”指示序列中包含四个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体:第一U7Along构建体、第一U7C构建体、第二U7C构建体和第二U7Along构建体的载体基因组(在图8中的质粒图谱中示出并且其序列SEQIDNO:2在图9中陈述)。如所示,与任何其它载体构建体相比,U7_ACCAA-AlongSCrAAV(在本文别处缩写为U7_ACCASCrAAV1)达到较高百分比的外显子2跳跃。
在随后的实验中,体内分析外显子跳跃功效。选择最高效的AAV-U7载体U7_ACCASCrAAV1在Dup2小鼠中进行肌内注射。结果示出在以下图6(A-D)中,其中(A)显示肌养蛋白染色,其中蛋白质表达修复并且适当地定位在许多肌纤维的膜上;(B)通过蛋白质印迹证实蛋白质修复。RT-PCR显示(C)Dup2小鼠中剂量依赖性单次或双次跳跃,以及(D)野生型小鼠中的有效跳跃。
因此,设计高效的AAV介导的U7snRNA以跳过外显子2,从而允许肌膜下肌养蛋白修复。将在未处理和处理小鼠间比较心肌功能;EDL和隔肌力评估;以及踏车和握力测试。
基于在注射肌肉内可检测的肌养蛋白表达的程度,选择U7_ACCASCrAAV用于进一步实验以1E11vg/kg静脉内递送至第一组,然后在第二组中以高一个对数的剂量给药。在第四周进行注射,并且在第10和24周通过生理学评估和组织病理学评价动物(n=每组8只动物),如上所述。
实施例4
通过AAV1肌内递送U7-ACCA导致Dup2小鼠中显著的N-截短肌养蛋白表达
通过实施例3中描述的方法产生包含图9的基因组插入物的rAAV1。然后通过肌内注射将AAV.1U7-ACCA施用至Dup2小鼠。
TA肌内注射5e11vgAAV.1U7-ACCA后4周对DMDmRNA进行的RT-PCR显示Dup2动物中两个拷贝的外显子2的几乎完全跳跃[图12(a)]。
注射后一个月使用C-末端抗体(PA1-21011,ThermoScientific)进行的免疫印迹显示Dup2和对照Bl6小鼠二者均有N-截短同种型(星号)的显著表达[图12(b)]。在注射U7-ACCA的Bl6雄性中诱导的蛋白质的大小与在Dup2处理的动物中表达的蛋白质大小相同,从而证实这种蛋白质和全长同种型之间的大小差异。
肌养蛋白、β-肌养蛋白聚糖和神经元型一氧化氮合酶的免疫荧光染色证明肌养蛋白相关复合物的成员的修复[图12(c)]。
未处理的Dup2动物中强直性收缩后的标准化比力显著小于单独肌内注射AAV1.U7-ACCA或与强的松一起注射的Bl6小鼠,将力显著增加至与在Bl6小鼠中所观察到的非显著差异的水平。在未处理的Dup2小鼠和用强的松一起处理的小鼠(Dup2+PDN)之间没有观察到显著差异[图12(d)]。对于该测定,使用已公布的方案评估标准化比力[Hakim等,JournalofAppliedPhysiology,110:1656-1663(2011)]。
如通过已公布的方案(Hakim等,同上)所评估,处理显著保护了Dup2肌肉免于重复离心收缩之后的力损失。与未处理的Dup2小鼠相比,单独用AAV1.U7-ACCA处理Dup2小鼠引起统计上显著改善。在收缩#3至#10后的力保持方面,与对照Bl6小鼠相比,AAV1.U7-ACCA和强的松的组合没有引起显著差异[图12(e)]。
实施例5
在Dup2小鼠模型中静脉内注射AAV9-U7_ACCA后引起N-截短同种型的显著表达和肌力缺失的校正
基于在注射肌肉内可检测的肌养蛋白表达的程度,我们选择静脉内递送U7_ACCASCrAAV以用于进一步实验,并且基于已知的组织分布特性选择血清型rAAV9。
通过实施例3中描述的方法产生包含图9的基因组插入物的rAAV9。然后将AAV.9U7-ACCA施用至Dup2小鼠。第一组以3.3E112vg/kg通过尾静脉注射。注射在四周龄时进行。
尾静脉注射AAV9.U7-ACCA(3.3E12vg/kg)后一个月对五块不同的Dup2小鼠肌肉进行RT-PCR[图13(a)]。如通过存在多种转录物(标记的Dup2、wt和Del2)所证明,U7-ACCA处理能够促使所有测试的肌肉中外显子2的一个或两个拷贝的跳跃。(TA:胫骨前肌;Gas:腓肠肌;:心脏;Tri:三头肌;dia:膈肌。)
注射后一个月使用C-末端抗体(PA1-21011,ThermoScientific)对五块不同的肌肉进行的蛋白质印迹证明在所有测试的肌肉中存在肌养蛋白[图13(b)]。
使用肌养蛋白的C-末端抗体(PA1-21011,ThermoScientific)对相同的样本进行的免疫染色证实肌养蛋白表达和其在肌纤维膜的适当定位[图13(c)]。
前肢和后肢握力的评估证明用AAV9.U7-ACCA处理的Dup2动物中握力的完全校正[图13(d)]。该测定使用已公布的方案[Spurney等,Muscle&Nerve,39,591-602(2009)]进行。
使用已公布的方案[Hakim等,同上),与未处理的Dup2动物相比,强直收缩后的标准化比力和总力显示肌力改善[图13(e)]。
使用已公布的方案[Janssen等,AmJPhysiolHeartCircPhysiol.,289(6):H2373-2378(2005)],在处理的动物中,心乳头肌展示长度依赖性力产生方面的改善[图13(f)]。
虽然本发明已依据具体实施方案进行描述,但应理解本领域技术人员可想到变化和修改。因此,仅仅如在权利要求中出现的这些限制应列入本发明。
本申请中参考的所有文献的全部内容在此以引用的方式并入,其中特别注意它们被参考的内容。
Claims (18)
1.一种改善有需要的具有DMD外显子2复制的患者的杜氏肌营养不良症的方法,其包括向所述患者施用重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)的步骤,其中所述rAAV的基因组包含至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
2.一种抑制有需要的具有DMD外显子2复制的患者中与杜氏肌营养不良症相关的营养不良病理的进展的方法,其包括向所述患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中所述rAAV的基因组包含至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
3.一种改善罹患与DMD外显子2复制相关的杜氏肌营养不良症的患者的肌肉功能的方法,其包括向所述患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中所述rAAV的基因组包含至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中肌肉功能的所述改善是肌肉强度的改善。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中肌肉功能的所述改善是站立和行走时稳定性的改善。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述病毒基因组是自身互补型基因组。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体是U7Along、U7Ashort、U7B、U7C或其两种或多种的组合。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述重组腺相关病毒是SCrAAVU7_ACCA。
9.一种向具有DMD外显子2复制的患者递送外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的方法,其包括向所述患者施用rAAV的步骤,其中所述rAAV的基因组包含至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述rAAV的基因组缺乏AAVrep和capDNA。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所病毒基因组是自身互补型基因组。
12.如权利要求9、10或11所述的方法,其中所述重组腺相关病毒是SCrAAVU7_ACCA。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述重组腺相关病毒是重组AAVrh74病毒、重组AAV6病毒或重组AAV9病毒。
14.一种重组腺相关病毒(AAV),其包含含有至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的基因组。
15.一种重组腺相关病毒(AAV),其包含:AAVrh.74衣壳、AAV6衣壳或AAV9衣壳;以及包含至少一个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体的基因组。
16.如权利要求14或权利要求15所述的重组腺相关病毒(AAV),其中所述基因组依次包含四个外显子2靶向U7snRNA多核苷酸构建体:第一U7Along、第一U7C、第二U7C和第二U7Along。
17.如权利要求14、15或16所述的rAAV,其中所述rAAV的基因组缺乏AAVrep和capDNA。
18.如权利要求14、15或16所述的rAAV,其中所述基因组是自身互补型基因组。
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CN110997923B (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2024-01-02 | 全国儿童医院研究所 | 腺相关病毒载体递送肌肉特异性微肌营养不良蛋白以治疗肌营养不良症 |
CN112004925A (zh) * | 2018-04-05 | 2020-11-27 | 吉尼松公司 | 具有降低的肝向性的AAV9和AAVrh74的杂合重组腺相关病毒血清型 |
CN112004925B (zh) * | 2018-04-05 | 2024-09-27 | 吉尼松公司 | 具有降低的肝向性的AAV9和AAVrh74的杂合重组腺相关病毒血清型 |
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