CN105305032A - Monopole array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a monopole subarray antenna, which comprises a plurality of monopole radiators, each of the monopole radiators has an installation end, and the installation ends of the plurality of monopole radiators are coplanar For installation, the installation end of each monopole radiator has a preset spatial relationship, and each monopole radiator forms an included angle of 90 degrees or a non-90 degree angle with the surfaces of the plurality of installation ends. The antenna array realized by the invention has the characteristics of small size, large gain, narrow beam width, etc., and is especially suitable for the application of systems with strict requirements on the volume, weight and beam width of the antenna.

Description

monopole array antenna

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a monopole subarray antenna, in particular to a monopole subarray antenna with high gain and narrow beam characteristics.

Background technique

At present, monopole antennas, dipole antennas, and helical antennas are widely used in the field of communication. Monopole antennas and dipole antennas have the advantages of simple structure and easy implementation, but their gain is low; helical antennas have high gain , the advantage of good directivity, but its processing is more complicated than monopole and dipole antennas. Although the monopole array antenna is complex in design, it has the advantages of controllable directionality and high gain. By forming an array of monopole antennas and combining reflective surfaces, beamforming can be realized and the antenna gain can be improved at the same time. .

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at at least one of the aforementioned shortcomings and/or shortcomings, and in order to solve at least one of the following technical problems, a monopole sub-array antenna is proposed.

On the one hand, the monopole sub-array antenna of the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional monopole/dipole (sub-antenna) with low gain and large coverage area.

On the other hand, the monopole sub-array antenna of the present invention has high gain and narrow and long beam coverage area, which is convenient for separating the received signals, and the beam forming can be realized by adjusting the installation position and installation angle of each monopole radiator. .

In order to solve the above technical problems and achieve the above advantages, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A technical solution of the present invention relates to a monopole array antenna, including a plurality of monopole radiators, each of the monopole radiators has an installation end, and a plurality of monopole radiators The installation ends are coplanarly installed, the installation ends of each monopole radiator have a preset spatial relationship, and each of the monopole radiators forms a 90-degree or non-90-degree angle with the surfaces of a plurality of the installation ends .

Further, the spatial relationship is a polygon.

Further, the polygon is a rectangle, the number of the monopole radiators is 4, and the mounting end of each monopole radiator can be a vertex of the rectangle or a midpoint of each side of the rectangle.

Further, the spatial relationship is a straight line.

Further, the number of the monopole radiators is 6, and the mounting ends of the monopole radiators are on a straight line.

Further, the spatial relationship is circular.

Further, the length of the monopole radiator is equal to 1/4 of the wavelength of the transmitted or received signal.

Further, the distance between adjacent monopole radiators is smaller than a wavelength of a sending or receiving signal.

Another technical solution of the present invention relates to a monopole array antenna, comprising, 4 monopole radiators, a mounting mechanism with a mounting surface, each of the monopole radiators is installed on the mounting surface , and each of the monopole radiators forms a 90-degree or non-90-degree angle with the installation surface, and the installation positions of the four monopole radiators on the installation surface have a space between the vertices of the quadrilateral relation.

Further, the monopole sub-array antenna further includes reflective surfaces, each of which has a predetermined angle with the monopole radiator.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a monopole antenna;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular array of four monopole radiators;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a linear array of six monopole radiators;

Fig. 4 is VHF band monopole sub-array antenna;

Fig. 5 is the VHF frequency band monopole subarray antenna ground working area projection (UV coordinate system);

Fig. 6 is the projection (UV coordinate system) of the ground working area when two adjacent monopole radiators of four monopole antenna arrays are working normally.

detailed description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, however, embodiments of the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the exemplary embodiments described below will make this disclosure thorough and fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. . Detailed descriptions of known functions and structures will be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the embodiments. The same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a monopole antenna.

Referring to FIG. 1, a monopole antenna is an antenna having only one radiator (ie, a monopole radiator). The monopole antenna shown in FIG. 1 includes a monopole radiator 1 , a connector 2 , a support structure 3 and the like. Wherein, the monopole radiator 1 is used to convert high-frequency current into electromagnetic wave signal, and radiate to free space. The connector 2 is used to provide the connection between the monopole radiator 1 and the cable. According to the usage scenario, the connector 2 can be a high-frequency connector, so that the transmission between the monopole radiator 1 and the high-frequency cable can be realized. transmission of current between them. The connector 2 can be a coaxial N-type, SMA or TNC high-frequency connector, and those skilled in the art will know that different connectors can be selected according to different requirements. The supporting structure 3 is used for installing the monopole radiator 1 , that is, the monopole radiator can be fixed on the supporting structure 3 at the mounting end. And the support structure 3 can be further fixed with the antenna installation platform 3 .

Further, multiple monopole antennas described above can be combined to construct an antenna array to form the monopole antenna array in this embodiment. Those skilled in the art can know that the above-mentioned monopole antenna and its structure are only one form of implementation of the monopole antenna. , and not just the combination of the above-mentioned single independent monopole antenna and its specific structure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular array of 4 monopole radiators, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a linear array of 6 monopole radiators.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, for monopole array antennas composed of multiple monopole radiators, monopole radiators with different antenna characteristics can be formed by using different numbers of monopole radiators and using different spatial position relationships. antenna array.

In forming a monopole antenna array, each independent monopole radiator has a mounting end, and each mounting end is mounted on a mounting surface (that is, each mounting end is mounted on the same plane). Since the monopole radiators are arranged according to different spatial positional relationships, the coplanar mounting points of each mounting end also form a corresponding spatial relationship.

In one embodiment, when there are more than or equal to 3 monopole radiators, it is possible to construct polygons including triangles, rectangles (quadrilaterals), pentagons, etc. by selecting the positions of the installation points during installation. The spatial relationship, and then by fixing the installation points, the extension direction of each monopole radiator can be set accordingly, thereby forming a corresponding array form of the monopole antenna array. As shown in Figure 2, taking 4 monopole radiators as an example, in the array method shown in Figure 2, the 4 installation points are arranged according to the 4 vertices of the rectangle, so that each monopole radiator on top of the 4 vertices of the rectangle. Similarly, the four installation points can be identified as the midpoint positions of the four sides of the quadrilateral, thereby forming another array formation method of the monopole antenna array. The formation mode of the monopole antenna array shown in Figure 2 is only a limited number of formation modes of 4 monopole radiators. Those skilled in the art can know that in order to realize the antenna characteristics of different antenna arrays, four The monopole radiator further constructs other forms of antenna arrays, including but not limited to four installation points having a general quadrilateral spatial relationship (not a rectangle with four angles of 90 degrees), square and similar forms.

In another embodiment, when there are also the above-mentioned number of monopole radiators, the installation points can also be selected in a straight line, so as to realize the form shown in Figure 3, each monopole radiator forms a Row. Different from the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 2, an arrangement of 6 monopole radiators is adopted in FIG. 3. Of course, this linear arrangement can also be used for 3 or 4 or other numbers of monopole radiators. arrangement.

Further, in another embodiment, more than three monopole radiators can be installed by selecting installation points with a circular spatial relationship, so that the installation points of each monopole radiator are arranged on the circumference .

For a preferred mode of the above-mentioned embodiment, when selecting each installation point, the distance between two adjacent installation points can be set to be less than the distance of a wavelength λ of a transmitting or receiving signal, and the array can be adjusted according to the gain requirement element spacing. Moreover, the length of the monopole radiator can be selected according to the relationship between the length L of the monopole radiator and the wavelength λ satisfying L=λ/4, and then the application frequency of the antenna array can be selected.

When specifically installing the monopole array antenna described in the above-mentioned embodiments, an installation mechanism 4 can be used to realize the coplanar installation of all monopole radiators, and each monopole radiator can also be selected from the installation mechanism 4. The angle between the mounting surfaces can be used to adjust the characteristics of the antenna array. In particular, the monopole array antenna is especially suitable for occasions that have special requirements for the antenna envelope. By adjusting the angle between the monopole radiator and the mounting surface, the space volume occupied by the antenna in the horizontal or vertical direction can be adjusted, and then the The envelope of the antenna is limited within the required range, and the included angle between the monopole radiator and the mounting surface is not limited to 90 degrees.

After using a plurality of monopole radiators to form a monopole array antenna, a reflective surface 5 can also be configured for each monopole radiator. Furthermore, the included angle between each reflecting surface 5 and the corresponding monopole radiator can be set, so as to set different characteristics of the antenna array. Of course, as another form of this embodiment, the reflective surface can also be a whole, and realize that the corresponding part of the reflective surface corresponds to each different monopole radiator, and the shape of the reflective surface can be selected as a paraboloid The reflector, rectangular reflector, etc. can also realize the function of the antenna reflector by means of the installation platform and related structures, so that it is not necessary to design the reflector separately, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the monopole sub-array antenna.

The formation of multiple monopole radiators is conducive to the formation of multiple relatively independent coverage areas. As shown in Figure 5, an array of four monopole radiators forms two continuous coverage areas with a gain greater than 0. In addition, when controlling several of the radiators to work, or when some radiators cannot work normally, it can ensure that the performance of a certain coverage area will not be greatly affected, as shown in Figure 6 for 4 monopole antennas In the array rectangular array mode, the projection of the ground working area (UV coordinate system) when two adjacent monopole radiators on the same side as the reflective surface 5 work normally.

A monopole sub-array antenna working in the VHF frequency band realized by adopting the above-mentioned technical solution is further given as follows. In the monopole sub-array antenna, four monopole radiators are used.

The target parameters of the monopole subarray antenna are as follows:

a. Polarization method: vertical linear polarization;

b. Gain requirements: axial gain greater than 3dBi;

c. Beam width: It is required to form a flat beam and form a "∞" shaped slender beam coverage on the ground;

d. Antenna weight: ≤1Kg.

Further, the monopole subarray antenna in the VHF frequency band is required to form an "∞" shaped slender beam on the ground. During installation, 4 monopole antennas are arranged at the 4 corners of the installation platform, and beamforming is performed by means of the antenna reflection surface, as shown in Figure 4.

The length of the monopole radiator is 420mm. In order to reduce the weight, a metal tube structure is adopted with an inner diameter of 15mm and an outer diameter of 25mm. It forms a 45° angle with the antenna installation platform and is parallel to the antenna reflection surface.

The electrical performance test results are as follows:

a) Vertical linear polarization gain (including the insertion loss of high-frequency connectors, and the influence of antenna installation platforms and reflectors)

≥4dBi (pitch angle -72°～-17°, 17°～72°, azimuth angle 0°～360°); the projection of the ground working area is shown in Figure 5;

b) Outer envelope size (mm): Φ90mm×420mm;

c) Weight: 200g for a single antenna (including support structure and connector), and the total weight is 800g.

Through the above-mentioned configuration, the monopole subarray antenna in the VHF frequency band can be made to have high-gain, "∞"-shaped slender strip beamforming characteristics.

The content that is not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to the known technology in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A monopole subarray antenna, characterized in that comprising, a plurality of monopole radiators, each of the monopole radiators has an installation end, and the installation ends of a plurality of the monopole radiators are in common Surface installation, the installation end of each monopole radiator has a preset spatial relationship, and each monopole radiator forms a 90-degree or non-90-degree angle with the surfaces of a plurality of the installation ends. 2. The monopole sub-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the spatial relationship is a polygon. 3. monopole subarray antenna as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described polygon is rectangle, and the quantity of described monopole radiator is 4, and the installation end of each described monopole radiator can be rectangle vertices or midpoints of the sides of the rectangle. 4. The monopole sub-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the spatial relationship is a straight line. 5 . The monopole array antenna according to claim 4 , wherein the number of the monopole radiators is 6, and the mounting ends of the monopole radiators are on a straight line. 6. The monopole sub-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the spatial relationship is circular. 7. The monopole sub-array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the length of the monopole radiator is equal to 1/4 of the wavelength of the transmitted or received signal. 8. The monopole sub-array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance between adjacent monopole radiators is smaller than a wavelength of a sending or receiving signal. 9. A monopole subarray antenna, characterized in that comprising, 4 monopole radiators, a mounting mechanism with a mounting surface, each of the monopole radiators is installed on the mounting surface, and each The monopole radiator forms a 90-degree or non-90-degree angle with the installation surface, and the installation positions of the four monopole radiators on the installation surface have a spatial relationship between vertices of a quadrilateral. 10 . The monopole subarray antenna according to claim 9 , further comprising reflective surfaces, each of said reflective surfaces has a predetermined angle with said monopole radiator. 11 .