CN105300291A - Seed form size observer and observation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The seed shape and size observation instrument and the observation method are used to solve the problem of poor measurement accuracy when observing the seed grain length and grain width with bare hands. It includes a base, a stage, a clamping assembly, a scale plate and an enlargement assembly. There is a vertical rod on the top of the base, a stage under the vertical rod, and a chute on the top of the stage. A slide plate is slidably installed in the chute, a lead screw nut is arranged at the bottom of the slide plate, and a lead screw matched with the lead screw nut is arranged on the stage. A clamping assembly for clamping grains is provided on the slide plate; first and second laser lamps are provided on the clamping assembly, and the first and second laser lamps can emit beams of different colors; There is a scale plate, and there is a mesh scale line on the surface of the scale plate; above the scale plate, there is a magnification assembly, which includes a cross bar, a mounting block, a lens and a dust cover, and the scale plate is observed through the magnification assembly. readings. The invention can realize the measurement of the length and width of the seed grains, and has good measurement precision and high working efficiency.

Description

Seed shape and size observation instrument and observation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seed grain size measurement, in particular to a seed shape size observer and an observation method for conveniently measuring the grain length and width of the grain.

Background technique

The shape and size of the seed grain is an important index to evaluate the quality level of the seed. It is not only related to the thousand-grain weight, germination ability and stress resistance characteristics of the seed, but also directly affects the survival ability of the seedling and the yield of the crop. Therefore, screening seeds with good grain shape and high quality is a prerequisite for improving seed storage life, germination efficiency and ensuring neat emergence. Due to the rich variety and various shapes of crop seeds, the shape observation of seeds is not only time-consuming, laborious, and difficult to accurately distinguish, but there is still a lack of effective equipment for measuring and evaluating the shape of seeds. The invention provides a seed shape and size observer capable of effectively observing the grain length and grain width of seeds, and providing an accurate reference basis for discriminating the grain shape.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seed shape and size observation instrument and observation method, which are used to solve the problems of poor measurement accuracy, large result error and low work efficiency when observing the grain length and grain width of seeds with bare hands.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a seed shape and size observer, characterized in that it includes a base, a vertical rod, a stage, a clamping assembly, a scale plate and an amplification assembly, in the The top of the base is provided with a vertical vertical bar, and a loading platform is provided at the bottom of the vertical bar, and a chute is provided on the top of the loading platform, and a slide plate is slidably installed in the chute, and the The bottom of the slide plate is provided with a lead screw nut, and a lead screw is installed on the stage for rotation, the lead screw cooperates with the lead screw nut, and a knob is arranged at the driving end of the lead screw;

A pair of first fixed blocks arranged left and right and a pair of second fixed blocks arranged front and back are fixed on the top of the slide plate, and the two second fixed blocks are located between the two first fixed blocks. A pair of first splints are arranged on the connection of the fixed block, and a pair of second splints are arranged on the connection of the two second fixed blocks. Between the first fixed block and the corresponding first splint, the second fixed block Springs are respectively arranged between the corresponding second clamping plates, a clamping cavity for clamping grains is surrounded between the first and second clamping plates, and one end surface of the first and second clamping plates away from the spring is a clamping surface, so The slide plate, the first splint, the second splint, the first fixed block, the second fixed block and the spring constitute the clamping assembly;

A first laser lamp is provided on the top of the first splint, and a second laser lamp is provided on the top of the second splint. The first and second laser lamps can emit beams of different colors and the beams of the two colors are consistent with the The distance between the clamping surfaces is a certain value, and a switch for controlling the working state of the first and second laser lamps is provided on the side of the stage;

A scale plate positioned on a vertical bar is provided above the stage, the scale plate is a transparent member, and a reticular scale line is arranged on the upper surface of the scale plate, and the reticular scale lines include mutually perpendicular horizontal and vertical lines, and the distance between each adjacent two horizontal lines is equal to the distance between each adjacent two vertical lines;

Above the scale plate is provided with a magnification assembly, the magnification assembly includes a cross bar, a mirror frame, a lens and a mounting block, the installation end of the cross bar is arranged on the vertical bar, and on the free side of the cross bar A mounting block is provided at the end, and a number of grooves arranged up and down are provided on the side of the mounting block, a mirror frame is hingedly installed in each of the grooves, and a lens is provided at one end of the mirror frame protruding from the groove, and The lens magnification is different on each frame.

Further, a first installation part is provided at the installation end of the object stage, and a first through hole for matching with the vertical rod is provided on the first installation part.

Further, a second installation part is provided at the installation end of the scale plate, and a second through hole for matching with the vertical bar is provided on the second installation part.

Further, a guide rod is provided on one side of the slide plate, and a guide groove cooperating with the guide rod is provided on the slide plate.

Further, the scale plate is frosted glass.

Further, a dustproof cover is provided above the several mirror frames, and the dustproof cover is hingedly connected with the mounting block.

Further, bearings are provided at both ends of the lead screw, and the bearings are fixed on the slide plate.

Further, a damper is provided between the lead screw and the slide plate.

Further, gravures are provided on the clamping surfaces of the first splint and the second splint.

The method for observing the shape and size of seeds is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) The seeds are placed between the first and second splints on the stage, and the seeds are clamped and fixed by the first and second splints;

(2) Turn the dust cover so that the dust cover is removed from the top of the lens, and select the lens with the corresponding magnification according to the size of the wheat seeds;

(3) Loosen the top wire, adjust the height of the crossbar and then lock the top wire, so that the outline of the seed, the first light spot, the second light spot, horizontal lines and vertical lines can be clearly seen through the lens;

(4) Press the switch on the objective stage to make the first and second laser lamps emit light beams;

(5) Observing the beam of light spots in step (4) and the horizontal and vertical lines on the scale plate to measure the length and width of the seeds.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: the seed shape and size observation instrument and the observation method provided by the present invention, the seed grain to be measured is placed in the clamping cavity on the slide plate, the seed grain is fixed by the first and second splints, and then the switch is turned on, The first laser light on the first splint and the second laser light on the second splint emit vertical beams, and the light beams shine on the scale plate, leaving light spots on the scale plate. By observing the distance between the light spots , to achieve the measurement of seed grain length and grain width. The setting of the enlarged assembly can facilitate reading. The invention can quickly realize the measurement of the seed grain length and grain width, has good measurement precision and high work efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front schematic view of the observer of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a partial view from A in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of clamping assembly;

Fig. 4 is the B direction partial view in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the front view of the first splint;

Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the skateboard;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram when measuring seed size;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram when measuring seed size;

Figure 9 is a partial view from C in Figure 1;

Fig. 10 is a D-D sectional view among Fig. 9;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram when using an enlarged assembly;

In the figure: 1 base, 11 vertical bar, 2 stage, 21 first installation part, 22 switch, 23 chute, 24 slide plate, 25 first fixed block, 26 second fixed block, 27 spring, 28 guide rod , 29 guide groove, 3 top wire, 31 first splint, 32 second splint, 33 first laser light, 34 second laser light, 4 scale plate, 41 second installation part, 42 horizontal line, 43 vertical line, 5 Gravure printing, 6 bars, 60 grooves, 61 frame, 62 dust cover, 63 lug plate, 64 lens, 7 hinge, 81 first light spot, 82 second light spot, 9 lead screw, 91 lead screw nut , 10 grains, a interval.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1 to 11, the observer of the present invention mainly includes a base 1, a vertical rod 11, a stage 2, a clamping assembly, a scale plate 4 and an amplifying assembly, and the observation of the present invention will be made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings The instrument is described in detail.

As shown in Figure 1, the base 1 is the base body of the scope, and a vertical vertical bar 11 is provided on the top of the base, and a loading platform 2 is provided at the bottom of the vertical bar, as shown in Figure 2, the loading The platform is a square plastic plate, and a first installation part 21 is provided at the installation end of the stage. The first installation part is a square plastic part, and a first through hole matching with the vertical bar is provided on the first installation part. The object stage is fixed on the vertical rod through the first installation part. The top of the stage is provided with a chute 23, and a slide plate 24 is slidably installed in the chute, the slide plate is a square plastic plate, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, a pair of guide rods 28 are provided on the left side of the slide plate, A guide groove 29 is provided on the left side of the chute, and two guide rods are slidably installed in the corresponding guide grooves. The bottom of the slide plate is provided with a lead screw nut 91, and a horizontal lead screw 9 is installed on the loading platform by bearing rotation. The knob, the lead screw and the lead screw nut cooperate. When the knob is turned, the lead screw can be driven to rotate, and then the lead screw nut is driven to move horizontally, and finally the slide plate is driven to slide in the chute. In order to prevent the random rotation of the lead screw, a damper is provided between the lead screw and the stage.

As shown in Figure 3, a pair of first fixed blocks 25 arranged left and right and a pair of second fixed blocks 26 arranged front and back are fixed on the top of the slide plate. The first and second fixed blocks are square plastic parts. The connection line of the fixed block is perpendicular to the connection line of the two first fixed blocks, and the two second fixed blocks are located between the two first fixed blocks, and the two first fixed blocks and the two second fixed blocks are respectively located on the four corners of the rhombus . A pair of first splints 31 are arranged on the connection of the two first fixed blocks, and a pair of second splints 32 are arranged on the connection of the two second fixed blocks. The two first splints correspond to the two first fixed blocks respectively. The second splint corresponds to the two second fixing blocks respectively, and springs 27 are arranged between the first fixing block and the first splint, and between the second fixing block and the second splint. The first and second splints are square plastic parts, and both the first and second splints are arranged above the slide plate and are slidably connected with the slide plate. Under the action of the spring, a clamping cavity for clamping the grain 10 is enclosed between the first and second clamping plates. The top of the two first splints is provided with a first laser lamp 33 emitting a red beam, and the top of the two second splints is provided with a second laser lamp 34 of a green beam. In order to control the first and second laser lamps, The side of object platform is provided with switch 22. The end surfaces of the first and second splints away from the spring are clamping surfaces, and there is a certain distance a between the first and second laser lamps and the clamping surfaces. The first clamping plate, the second clamping plate, the first fixed block, the second fixed block, the spring and the slide plate constitute the clamping assembly.

As shown in Figure 5, in order to prevent slipping between the grain and the first and second clamping plates, gravures 5 are respectively provided on the clamping surfaces of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. When clamping the grain, the outer wall of the grain is placed In gravure printing, the gravure printing limits the range of movement of the grain, and the depth of the gravure printing is shallow to avoid affecting the measurement accuracy.

A scale plate 4 is arranged above the stage, as shown in Figure 4, the scale plate 4 is a square frosted glass, and a second mounting part 41 is provided at the mounting end of the scale plate, and the second mounting part is a square plastic part , the second mounting part is provided with a second through hole matched with the vertical rod, and the second mounting part is fixed on the vertical rod through the second through hole. As shown in Figure 4, the upper surface of the scale plate is provided with reticular scale lines, the reticular scale lines include several horizontal lines 42 and vertical lines 43, some horizontal lines are parallel to each other and arranged at equal intervals, and some vertical lines are mutually parallel and equally spaced. Spacing setting, a number of horizontal lines and vertical lines form a mesh scale line for measuring the length and width of the grain, and the distance between each adjacent two horizontal lines is equal to the distance between each adjacent two vertical lines. is the smallest scale on the scale plate.

An enlargement assembly is arranged above the scale plate, and the enlargement assembly includes a cross bar 6, a mounting block 65, a mirror frame 61, a lens 64 and a dust cover 62, and a cross bar 6 placed horizontally is arranged on the top of the vertical bar. The mounting end of the bar is enclosed within the top of the vertical bar and the cross bar can move up and down relative to the vertical bar. For realizing the relative fixing of the cross bar and the vertical bar, a top screw 3 is provided between the horizontal bar and the vertical bar. As shown in Figure 1, a mounting block 65 is fixed at the free end of the cross bar, and as shown in Figure 9, a number of grooves 60 arranged up and down are provided at the free end of the mounting block, and all hinged 7 mounting blocks are installed in each groove. There is a mirror frame 61, which is a circular plastic part. As shown in Figure 10, a lens 64 with a magnifying effect is arranged in the inner cavity of the mirror frame. The thickness of the lens is smaller than the thickness of the frame, and each mirror The lens magnifications in each frame are different. To facilitate the installation of the mirror frames, an ear plate 63 is provided at the mounting end of each mirror frame, and the mirror frames are hingedly connected to the mounting block through the ear plates. A number of mirror frames are set up and down, and the corresponding lenses can be selected according to the needs of the magnification. A dust-proof cover 62 is arranged above the several mirror frames, and the dust-proof cover is also hingedly connected with the mounting block through the lug plate. The dust cover is circular, and the function of the dust cover is to prevent dust from falling on the lens and contaminating the lens. As shown in Figure 11, when the lens needs to be used, the dust cover can be rotated more than 90 degrees. At this time, the lens is completely exposed and is located directly above the working area.

When in use, the seed grains are placed in the clamping cavity, and at this time, the clamping surfaces of the first and second clamping plates are in contact with the grains. Then start the switch to make the first laser lamp and the second laser lamp work. At this time, the first laser lamp emits a vertically upward red beam, and the second laser lamp emits a vertically upward green beam. As shown in Figure 7, red, The green light beams are all blocked by the scale plate, the red light beam illuminates the first light spot 81 on the scale plate, and the green light beam illuminates the second light spot 82 on the scale plate, as shown in Figure 8, the distance between the two first light spots The reading is L, and the reading between the two second light spots is H, then the length of the grain is L-2a, and the width of the grain is H-2a. The scale plate is frosted glass, which can prevent the red light beam and green light beam from affecting the observer's reading after passing through the scale plate.

In order to ensure that one end of the grain is flush with the vertical line during measurement to obtain a clear measurement reference, the knob can be rotated to move the slide until one end of the grain is aligned with the vertical line. The stage and slide plate are preferably white for easy observation and reading.

The method for observing the shape and size of seeds is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) The seeds are placed between the first and second splints on the stage, and the seeds are clamped and fixed by the first and second splints;

(2) Turn the dust cover so that the dust cover is removed from the top of the lens, and select the lens with the corresponding magnification according to the size of the wheat seeds;

(3) Loosen the top wire, adjust the height of the crossbar and then lock the top wire, so that the outline of the seed, the first light spot, the second light spot, horizontal lines and vertical lines can be clearly seen through the lens;

(4) Press the switch on the objective stage to make the first and second laser lamps emit light beams;

(5) Observing the beam of light spots in step (4) and the horizontal and vertical lines on the scale plate to measure the length and width of the seeds.

Claims (10)

1. Seed shape and size observer, characterized in that it includes a base, a vertical rod, an object stage, a clamping assembly, a scale plate and an amplification assembly, and a vertical vertical rod is provided on the top of the base , the bottom of the vertical bar is provided with a stage, the top of the stage is provided with a chute, a slide plate is slidably installed in the chute, and a screw nut is provided at the bottom of the slide plate, A lead screw is rotatably installed on the stage, the lead screw cooperates with the lead screw nut, and a knob is provided at the driving end of the lead screw; A pair of first fixed blocks arranged left and right and a pair of second fixed blocks arranged front and back are fixed on the top of the slide plate, and the two second fixed blocks are located between the two first fixed blocks. A pair of first splints are arranged on the connection of the fixed block, and a pair of second splints are arranged on the connection of the two second fixed blocks. Between the first fixed block and the corresponding first splint, the second fixed block Springs are respectively arranged between the corresponding second clamping plates, a clamping cavity for clamping grains is surrounded between the first and second clamping plates, and one end surface of the first and second clamping plates away from the spring is a clamping surface, so The slide plate, the first splint, the second splint, the first fixed block, the second fixed block and the spring constitute the clamping assembly; A first laser lamp is provided on the top of the first splint, and a second laser lamp is provided on the top of the second splint. The first and second laser lamps can emit beams of different colors and the beams of the two colors are consistent with the The distance between the clamping surfaces is a certain value, and a switch for controlling the working state of the first and second laser lamps is provided on the side of the stage; A scale plate positioned on a vertical bar is provided above the stage, the scale plate is a transparent member, and a reticular scale line is arranged on the upper surface of the scale plate, and the reticular scale lines include mutually perpendicular horizontal and vertical lines, and the distance between each adjacent two horizontal lines is equal to the distance between each adjacent two vertical lines; Above the scale plate is provided with a magnification assembly, the magnification assembly includes a cross bar, a mirror frame, a lens and a mounting block, the installation end of the cross bar is arranged on the vertical bar, and on the free side of the cross bar A mounting block is provided at the end, and a number of grooves arranged up and down are provided on the side of the mounting block, a mirror frame is hingedly installed in each of the grooves, and a lens is provided at one end of the mirror frame protruding from the groove, and The lens magnification is different on each frame. 2. The seed morphology and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, the mounting end of the loading platform is provided with a first mounting portion, and the first mounting portion is provided with a vertical rod. first via. 3. The seed shape and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, a second installation part is provided at the installation end of the scale plate, and a second installation part cooperating with the vertical bar is provided on the second installation part. Two through holes. 4. The seed morphology and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, a guide rod is provided on one side of the slide plate, and a guide groove cooperating with the guide rod is provided on the slide plate. 5. The seed morphology and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, the scale plate is ground glass. 6. The seed morphology and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, a dust cover is provided above the several frames, and the dust cover is hingedly connected with the mounting block. 7. The seed morphology and size observation instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that bearings are arranged at both ends of the screw, and the bearings are fixed on the slide plate. 8 . The seed shape and size observer according to claim 7 , wherein a damper is provided between the lead screw and the sliding plate. 9. The instrument for observing the shape and size of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that gravures are provided on the clamping surfaces of the first splint and the second splint. 10. use the seed shape size observer described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to carry out the observation method of seed shape size observation, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) The seeds are placed between the first and second splints on the stage, and the seeds are clamped and fixed by the first and second splints; (2) Turn the dust cover so that the dust cover is removed from the top of the lens, and select the lens with the corresponding magnification according to the size of the wheat seeds; (3) Loosen the top wire, adjust the height of the crossbar and then lock the top wire, so that the outline of the seed, the first light spot, the second light spot, horizontal lines and vertical lines can be clearly seen through the lens; (4) Press the switch on the objective stage to make the first and second laser lamps emit light beams; (5) Observing the beam of light spots in step (4) and the horizontal and vertical lines on the scale plate to measure the length and width of the seeds.