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CN105295256B - 一种pvc板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种pvc板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105295256B
CN105295256B CN201510868205.6A CN201510868205A CN105295256B CN 105295256 B CN105295256 B CN 105295256B CN 201510868205 A CN201510868205 A CN 201510868205A CN 105295256 B CN105295256 B CN 105295256B
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pvc
bottoms
rollers
manufacture method
board
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CN105295256A (zh
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程全山
薛根祥
袁俊
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Taizhou Huali New Material Co., Ltd
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JIANGSU PUAO NEW DECORATION MATERIAL Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0011—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with compression moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/002—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with surface shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/105—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2509/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2503/00 - B29K2507/00, as filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
    • B32B2266/0235—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/406—Bright, glossy, shiny surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/538—Roughness
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    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种新型PVC板及其制造方法，该新型PVC板由上至下分别为PVC透明耐磨层、PVC仿真花纹膜层、PVC底层，其中PVC底层中含有PVC弹性抗冲改性剂；其通过将PVC底层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC透明耐磨层一起至于头辊和二辊之间，通过滚压形成复合层，复合层经过进一步处理形成PVC板。该制造方法减少了生产工序，提高了生产效率，PVC板更加结实，纹路和压花更加清晰，漂亮。

Description

一种PVC板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于装饰板材技术领域，主要涉及的是一种新型PVC板及其制造方法。
背景技术
PVC板具有很多优良特性，比如防潮、防霉、防水、耐磨等，在室内使用不容易老化和变形。PVC板可制成PVC地板和PVC墙板，PVC地板表面有一层透明耐磨层，其耐磨转数可达30万转远高于其它地板。同时还有较好的吸音降噪效果，吸音可达20分贝，所以在需要安静的环境如病房、图书馆、报告厅、影剧院等用PVC地板，就可以避免高跟鞋与地面敲击的声响。此外，PVC地板具备木材的各项加工性能，握钉力好，可进行钻、锯、钉、刨、粘等加工。其安装施工非常快捷，不需要做龙骨架，地面条件好的用专用环保黏结剂黏合，24小时后就可以使用。PVC地板花色品种比较丰富，但多数是走高仿真路线，包括仿地毯纹、石材纹、木地板纹等，纹路逼真美观，色彩丰富绚丽。可以任意裁剪，同时突破了普通地板的材质限制，可以用不同花色的材料组合拼接，所以可让人充分发挥创意，满足不同装饰风格的个性化需求，达到其他地板难以达到的装饰效果。脚感舒适，有弹性抗冲击，遇水发涩，不易滑倒。
但现有PVC板生产工序为混料：PVC粉、增塑剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、填充剂等原材料按一定次序投料混合；密炼：把均匀混合后的料投入密炼机进行密炼；开炼：压延制成片状半成品，即此工序生产中间层、下底层料；面料及透明料的裁切：将产品生产过程所需透明耐磨层、印刷装饰层依产品尺寸进行裁切；铺模：依产品结构配方、客户花色要求按标准作业规范进行铺设摆放并重叠整齐；热压：热压成型后，使产品层与层之间较牢固地粘接在一起；淋膜：将热压成型后的半成品经PU涂层固化处理，使产品耐磨、免上光打蜡，方便易洁之功效；回火：产品经热压成型后产品未趋于稳定，经火热处理产品物性具有较好的稳定性；养生：即静置，此工序为产品应力完全消除之关键工序，是将回火后之半成品置于恒温室冷却、静置，使每张半成品温度较为均匀后方可成型；成型：依客户要求，可成型不同规格之产品，长条方块产品等形状，均能满足客户需求。
由此可见现有PVC板的生产工艺复杂。此外现有PVC板含有增塑剂会产生迁移对人体有一定的危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处，提供了一种新型PVC板及其制造方法，该新型PVC板采用PVC弹性抗冲改性剂代替增塑剂解决地板弹性问题更环保性能更优。该制造方法减少了生产工序，提高了生产效率。
本发明一种新型PVC板，其特征在于该新型PVC板由上至下分别为PVC透明耐磨层、PVC仿真花纹膜层、PVC底层，其中PVC底层中含有PVC弹性抗冲改性剂。
本发明中PVC底层为PVC实心层或PVC发泡层，PVC实心层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
PVC发泡层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂、发泡剂、发泡调节剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
本发明新型PVC板的制造方法为：将PVC底层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC透明耐磨层一起至于头辊和二辊之间，通过滚压形成复合层，复合层经过进一步处理形成PVC板。
上述制造方法中的所述复合层进一步处理的方法包括：将复合层至于二辊和三辊之间，进行进一步的滚压。
上述制造方法中的所述复合层进一步处理的方法中：二辊和三辊之间采用热滚压。
上述制造方法中的头辊为复合光辊，二辊为版纹辊，通过滚压使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹。
上述制造方法中的二辊为版纹辊，三辊为底纹辊，复合层经热辊压后，使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹，PVC底层底面形成底纹。
上述制造方法中的所述PVC底层形成的方法为：按照PVC底层原料加入混合机热混搅拌到一定温度后冷却，然后加入PVC双螺杆挤出机挤出。
上述制造方法中按照PVC底层原料加入混合机热混搅拌到110-120℃放入冷混搅拌冷却到40℃，然后加入PVC双螺杆挤出机挤出。
上述制造方法中的所述PVC底层为PVC实心层或PVC发泡层，PVC实心层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
PVC发泡层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂、发泡剂、发泡调节剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
一种PVC墙板，其特征在于：其通过将上述PVC板冷却定型牵引切割形成。
一种PVC地板，其特征在于：将上述PVC板冷却定型牵引切割，将切割后的PVC板裁切开槽形成地板。
本发明的本发明的有益效果是：通过本发明的制造方法通过滚压直接形成复合层，工艺简单。
此外，通过再次滚压使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹，PVC底层表面形成压花。该制造方法减少了生产工序，提高了生产效率，PVC板更加结实，纹路和压花更加清晰，漂亮。
此外，该新型PVC板采用PVC弹性抗冲改性剂代替增塑剂解决地板弹性问题更环保性能更优。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中：
图1为本发明的新型PVC板结构示意图。
图中附图标记表示为：1-PVC透明耐磨层，2-PVC仿真花纹膜层，3-PVC底层。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种新型PVC板，其特征在于该新型PVC板由上至下分别为PVC透明耐磨层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC底层。PVC底层为PVC实心层，PVC实心层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂100份，PVC弹性抗冲改性4-20份，碳酸钙200-300份；钙锌复合稳定剂6-8份，润滑剂1.0-2.0份。
实施例2：
一种新型PVC板，其特征在于该新型PVC板由上至下分别为PVC透明耐磨层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC底层。PVC底层为PVC微发泡层PVC微发泡层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂、发泡剂、发泡调节剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂100份，PVC弹性抗冲改性剂4-20份，碳酸钙150-300份，钙锌复合稳定剂6-8份，发泡剂0.2-1.0份，发泡调节剂4-8份，润滑剂1.0-2.0份。
实施例3：
实施例1，2的一种新型PVC板的制造方法为：将PVC底层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC透明耐磨层一起至于头辊和二辊之间，通过滚压形成复合层，复合层经过进一步处理形成PVC板。其中所述复合层进一步处理的方法包括：将复合层至于二辊和三辊之间，进行进一步的热滚压。其中头辊优选为复合光辊，二辊优选为版纹辊，三辊优选为底纹辊，复合层经热辊压后，使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹，PVC底层底面形成底纹。
所述PVC底层形成的方法为：按照PVC底层原料加入混合机热混搅拌到一定温度(优选110-120℃)后冷却，优选冷却温度为40℃，然后加入PVC双螺杆挤出线挤出。优选挤出机温度为：150-180℃。
通过将上述制造方法制造出的PVC板冷却定型牵引切割形成大板或墙板，大板裁切开槽形成地板。

Claims (5)

1.一种PVC板制造方法，特征在于该PVC板由上至下分别为PVC透明耐磨层、PVC仿真花纹膜层、PVC底层，其中PVC底层为PVC实心层或PVC发泡层，PVC实心层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
PVC发泡层使用了聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、PVC弹性抗冲改性剂、碳酸钙、钙锌复合稳定剂、发泡剂、发泡调节剂和润滑剂，具体组分及重量份为：
将PVC底层、PVC仿真花纹膜层和PVC透明耐磨层一起置于头辊和二辊之间，通过滚压形成复合层，将复合层置于二辊和三辊之间，进行进一步的滚压或者二辊和三辊之间采用热滚压形成PVC板；其中头辊为复合光辊，二辊为版纹辊，通过滚压使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹；或者其中二辊为版纹辊，三辊为底纹辊，复合层经热滚压后，使PVC透明耐磨层表面形成仿真版纹，PVC底层底面形成底纹。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种PVC板制造方法，其中所述的PVC底层的形成方法为：按照PVC底层原料加入混合机热混搅拌到一定温度后冷却，然后加入PVC双螺杆挤出机挤出。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种PVC板制造方法，其中按照PVC底层原料加入混合机热混搅拌到110-120℃放入冷混搅拌冷却到40℃，然后加入PVC双螺杆挤出机挤出。
4.一种PVC墙板，其特征在于：将如权利要求1-3之一所述的制造方法制备的PVC板冷却定型牵引切割形成。
5.一种PVC地板，其特征在于：将如权利要求1-3之一所述的制造方法制备的PVC板冷却定型牵引切割，将切割后的PVC板裁切开槽形成。
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