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CN105282076B - The generation method of leading symbol and the generation method of frequency-domain OFDM symbol - Google Patents

The generation method of leading symbol and the generation method of frequency-domain OFDM symbol Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105282076B
CN105282076B CN201410259080.2A CN201410259080A CN105282076B CN 105282076 B CN105282076 B CN 105282076B CN 201410259080 A CN201410259080 A CN 201410259080A CN 105282076 B CN105282076 B CN 105282076B
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sequence
signaling
values
sequences
generating
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CN105282076A (en
Inventor
张文军
徐洪亮
黄戈
邢观斌
何大治
管云峰
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Digital Television Co Ltd
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Digital Television Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611106875.5A priority Critical patent/CN106850485A/en
Priority to CN201611107017.2A priority patent/CN106850486A/en
Priority to CN201410259080.2A priority patent/CN105282076B/en
Priority to CN201611199976.1A priority patent/CN106998312B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/076812 priority patent/WO2015158293A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/076813 priority patent/WO2015158294A1/en
Priority to KR1020197038044A priority patent/KR102196222B1/en
Priority to KR1020197033488A priority patent/KR102191859B1/en
Priority to CA3212005A priority patent/CA3212005A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/076814 priority patent/WO2015158295A1/en
Priority to KR1020167032057A priority patent/KR101975551B1/en
Priority to KR1020197012400A priority patent/KR102108291B1/en
Priority to CA2945857A priority patent/CA2945857C/en
Priority to CA2945854A priority patent/CA2945854A1/en
Priority to KR1020207014009A priority patent/KR102223654B1/en
Priority to US15/304,854 priority patent/US10778484B2/en
Priority to CA2945855A priority patent/CA2945855C/en
Priority to KR1020167032058A priority patent/KR102033742B1/en
Priority to KR1020167032059A priority patent/KR102062221B1/en
Priority to KR1020167032055A priority patent/KR102048221B1/en
Priority to KR1020167032043A priority patent/KR101974621B1/en
Priority to US15/304,853 priority patent/US10411929B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/076808 priority patent/WO2015158292A1/en
Priority to CA2945858A priority patent/CA2945858C/en
Priority to US15/304,857 priority patent/US10148476B2/en
Priority to KR1020197018441A priority patent/KR102114352B1/en
Priority to KR1020207035510A priority patent/KR102234307B1/en
Priority to US15/304,856 priority patent/US10574494B2/en
Priority to CA2945856A priority patent/CA2945856C/en
Priority to US15/304,851 priority patent/US11071072B2/en
Priority to CA3211647A priority patent/CA3211647A1/en
Priority to KR1020207036622A priority patent/KR102347011B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/076815 priority patent/WO2015158296A1/en
Publication of CN105282076A publication Critical patent/CN105282076A/en
Priority to US16/172,662 priority patent/US11201770B2/en
Priority to US16/172,727 priority patent/US11025465B2/en
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Priority to US16/726,927 priority patent/US11012275B2/en
Priority to US16/992,041 priority patent/US11088885B2/en
Priority to US16/992,040 priority patent/US11128504B2/en
Priority to US16/992,038 priority patent/US11088884B2/en
Priority to US16/992,039 priority patent/US11082274B2/en
Priority to US17/351,197 priority patent/US11799706B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/2605—Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]
    • H04L27/2607—Cyclic extensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the generation methods of leading symbol in a kind of generation method of frequency-domain OFDM symbol and physical frame, and wherein the generation method of frequency-domain OFDM symbol comprises determining that the average power ratio of fixed sequence program and signaling sequence；Fixed sequence program and signaling sequence set are generated respectively on frequency domain according to average power ratio R；A signaling sequence is selected from signaling sequence set, fixed sequence program and signaling sequence are filled to effective subcarrier, and is arranged between fixed sequence program and signaling sequence in oem character set；Null sequence subcarrier is filled respectively in effective subcarrier two sides to form the frequency-domain OFDM symbol of predetermined length；Wherein, serial number of the selected signaling sequence in set is the signaling information of OFDM symbol carrying.The technical program solves in current DVB_T2 standard and other standards, and the problem of probability of failure occurs in leading symbol low complex degree receiving algorithm detection under frequency selective fading channels.

Description

Method for generating preamble symbol and method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbol
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless broadcast communication, in particular to a method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbols and a method for generating preamble symbols in physical frames.
Background
Generally, in order for a receiving end of an OFDM system to correctly demodulate data transmitted by a transmitting end, the OFDM system must implement accurate and reliable time synchronization between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Meanwhile, since the OFDM system is very sensitive to the carrier frequency offset, the receiving end of the OFDM system needs to provide an accurate and efficient carrier frequency spectrum estimation method to accurately estimate and correct the carrier frequency offset.
At present, a method for implementing time synchronization between a transmitting end and a receiving end in an OFDM system is basically implemented based on preamble symbols. The preamble symbol is a symbol sequence known to both the transmitting end and the receiving end of the OFDM system, and serves as the start of a physical frame (named P1 symbol), and only one P1 symbol or a plurality of P1 symbols occur consecutively in each physical frame, which marks the start of the physical frame. The P1 symbols have the following uses:
1) enabling a receiving end to quickly detect whether a signal transmitted in a channel is an expected received signal;
2) providing basic transmission parameters (such as FFT point number, frame type information and the like) so that a receiving end can perform subsequent receiving processing;
3) detecting initial carrier frequency offset and timing error, and compensating to achieve frequency and timing synchronization;
4) emergency alerts or broadcast system wake-up.
The DVB _ T2 standard provides a P1 symbol design based on a CAB time domain structure, and the functions are well realized. However, there are still some limitations on low complexity reception algorithms. For example, in a long multipath channel with 1024, 542, or 482 symbols, a large deviation occurs in timing coarse synchronization using the CAB structure, which results in an error in estimating the carrier integer multiple frequency offset in the frequency domain. Additionally, DBPSK differential decoding may also fail in complex frequency selective fading channels, such as long multipath. Moreover, since the DVB _ T2 has no cyclic prefix in the time domain structure, if the DVB _ T2 is combined with a frequency domain structure that needs to perform channel estimation, the performance of the frequency domain channel estimation is seriously degraded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that in the current DVB _ T2 standard and other standards, a DVB _ T2 time domain structure has no cyclic prefix, so that the DVB _ T2 standard and other standards cannot be applied to coherent detection, and the detection of preamble symbols in a complex frequency selective fading channel by a low-complexity receiving algorithm has failure probability.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating a frequency domain OFDM symbol, including the following steps: determining an average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence; respectively generating a fixed sequence and a signaling sequence set on a frequency domain according to the average power ratio; selecting a signaling sequence from a signaling sequence set, filling a fixed sequence and the signaling sequence on an effective subcarrier, and arranging the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence in a parity staggered manner; filling zero sequence subcarriers on two sides of the effective subcarriers respectively to form frequency domain OFDM symbols with preset length; wherein, the sequence number of the selected signaling sequence in the set is the signaling information carried by the OFDM symbol.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for generating the preamble symbol in the physical frame, which comprises the following steps: performing inverse discrete Fourier transform on the frequency domain OFDM symbol with the preset length to obtain a time domain OFDM symbol; the frequency domain OFDM symbol is obtained according to the generation method of the frequency domain OFDM symbol; intercepting a time domain OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix length from the time domain OFDM symbol as a cyclic prefix; generating a modulation signal based on the intercepted time domain OFDM symbol with the cyclic prefix length; generating a preamble symbol based on the cyclic prefix, the time domain OFDM symbol, and the modulation signal.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for generating the frequency domain OFDM symbol provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are filled on the effective subcarriers in a parity interleaving mode, and through the specific frequency domain structure design, the fixed sequence can be used as the pilot frequency in the physical frame, so that a receiving end can conveniently decode and demodulate the preamble symbol in the received physical frame.
Further, in the method of generating a fixed sequence in the frequency domain, each element in the fixed sequence is a complex number modulo a constant value and the argument is any value between 0 and 2 pi. In the method for generating the signaling sequence set on the frequency domain, the number of the signaling sequences is an integral power of 2, root values in a CAZAC sequence generation formula are determined based on the length and the number of the signaling sequences, a group of different q values and corresponding cyclic shift digit k are determined, and the signaling sequences are obtained through calculation.
Furthermore, the inventor has practically obtained a better fixed signaling, a set of lengths and numbers of better signaling sequences and corresponding four root values, and a selection of 128 sets of q values and the number of bits of cyclic shift within each root value. Therefore, the preamble symbol generated subsequently has a lower Peak to Average power ratio (PAPR), and the success probability of detecting the preamble symbol by the receiving end is improved.
Furthermore, the structure of the modulation signal using the time domain OFDM symbol and the time domain OFDM symbol (as a preamble symbol) ensures that a distinct peak can be obtained at the receiving end using delay correlation. In addition, in the process of generating the preamble symbol, the modulation signal of the time domain OFDM symbol is designed to avoid that the receiving end is subjected to continuous wave interference or single frequency interference, or that a multipath channel with the same length as the modulation signal occurs, or that a false detection peak occurs when the guard interval length in the received signal is the same as the modulation signal length.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a frequency domain OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating preamble symbols in a physical frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic time domain structure diagram of preamble symbols in a physical frame according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The inventor finds that in the current DVB _ T2 standard and other standards, preamble symbols have a problem of a probability of failure in detection by a low-complexity reception algorithm under a frequency selective fading channel. In addition, the DVB _ T2 has no cyclic prefix in the time domain structure, and cannot be applied to coherent detection, and the preamble symbol has the problem of failure probability in low-complexity receiving algorithm detection under a frequency selective fading channel.
In view of the above problems, the inventors have studied and provided a method for generating preamble symbols in a physical frame and a method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbols, which ensure that a receiving end can still process a received signal within a range of-500 kHz to 500kHz with carrier frequency offset.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a specific embodiment of a method for generating a frequency domain OFDM symbol according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the method for generating a frequency domain OFDM symbol includes the steps of:
step S11: determining an average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence;
step S12: respectively generating a fixed sequence and a signaling sequence set on a frequency domain according to the average power ratio R;
step S13: selecting a signaling sequence from a signaling sequence set, filling a fixed sequence and the signaling sequence on an effective subcarrier, and arranging the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence in a parity staggered manner;
step S14: filling zero sequence subcarriers on two sides of the effective subcarriers respectively to form frequency domain OFDM symbols with preset length; and the sequence number of the selected signaling sequence in the set is the signaling information carried by the OFDM symbol.
Specifically, as described in step S11, the average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is determined. The fixed sequence comprises relevant information which can be used by a receiving end for carrier frequency synchronization and timing synchronization, and the sequence of the signaling sequence in the set is used for bearing each basic transmission parameter.
The average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence can be adjusted according to the actual application requirement, and a larger R is selected to increase the power of the fixed sequence to obtain better channel estimation and offset estimation performance, or a smaller R is selected to increase the power of the signaling sequence to improve the actual signal-to-noise ratio on the signaling carrier to improve the signaling decoding performance. Therefore, the average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is determined according to the balanced consideration of the whole offset estimation performance, the channel estimation performance, the de-signaling performance and the timing synchronization performance.
In this embodiment, the average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is 1. When the fixed sequence length and the signaling sequence length are the same, the average power ratio is the ratio of the sum of powers.
After the average power ratio is determined, the amplitude ratio of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is obtained accordingly. When the average power ratio R is 1 and the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are both constant modulus sequences, the amplitude ratio of the corresponding fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is
As shown in step S12, a fixed sequence and a signaling sequence set are generated in the frequency domain according to the average power ratio R.
In this embodiment, generating the fixed sequence in the frequency domain may be implemented in the following specific manner:
step S121: determining the length of the fixed sequence; wherein each element in the fixed sequence is a complex number with a modulus of a constant value and a argument of any value between 0 and 2 pi.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the length of the fixed sequence is smaller than half of the length of the OFDM symbol.
Step S122: and selecting a fixed sequence from all the selectable fixed sequences, generating a signaling sequence set with good autocorrelation and cross-correlation, and enabling an OFDM symbol formed based on any signaling sequence in the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence set to meet the required power peak-to-average ratio after being subjected to inverse Fourier transform.
Specifically, a fixed sequence is preferably selected from all value spaces of the fixed sequence (i.e., each element is a complex number whose modulus is a constant value and whose argument is an arbitrary value between 0 and 2 pi). The fixed sequence selected needs to satisfy: the signaling sequence set generated by the fixed sequence has good autocorrelation and cross correlation, and a frequency domain OFDM symbol composed of any signaling sequence in the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence set has a lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) after undergoing inverse fourier transform, and a specific value (or value range) of the PAPR can be determined according to system requirements.
In this embodiment, generating the signaling sequence set in the frequency domain may be implemented in the following specific manner:
step S123: determining the length of the signaling sequence and the number of the signaling sequences contained in the signaling sequence set; the number of the signaling sequences is the power of N of 2, and N is a positive integer;
step S124: respectively generating M signaling sequence subsets, wherein the number of the signaling sequences in each signaling sequence subset is M1～mMAnd is and
step S125: arranging all the signaling sequences in each signaling sequence subset together in sequence to form a signaling sequence set; and are numbered 0-2N-1；
Wherein, the root values of each signaling sequence subset are different, and the amplitude of each element in all the signaling sequences is the amplitude of the element in the fixed sequence
Further, this embodiment also provides a preferred implementation manner of generating each signaling sequence subset in step S124, which is specifically as follows:
step S1241: determining root values in a CAZAC sequence generation formula based on the number of the signaling sequences; where the root value is greater than or equal to twice the number of signaling sequences.
In practice, root is a prime number, and is preferably L, so that the autocorrelation value of the sequence is zero.
Step S1242: according to the selected root value, selecting a group of different q values to generate a CAZAC sequence, wherein the number of the q values is equal to the number of the signaling sequences, the value of the q values is an integer and is greater than 0 and smaller than the root value, and the sum of any two q values is not equal to the root value;
step S1243: performing cyclic shift on the generated CAZAC sequence; wherein the number of bits of the cyclic shift is determined by the corresponding root value and q value.
In practical application, the q value and the number of bits of the cyclic shift are selected such that all signaling sequences have low cross correlation, and the composed frequency domain OFDM symbols have low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) after inverse fourier transform.
Step S1244: and calculating to obtain a required signaling sequence subset according to the determined number of the signaling sequences, the q value and the cyclic shift digit.
For example, fixed sequence and signaling sequence length L, root values are determined, and a set of q values and a set of cyclically shifted number of bits (q) have been preferredi,ki,i＝0～2N-1), generating formula method of ith signaling sequence:
first, a CAZAC sequence is generated:
then, it is cyclically shifted:
si *(n)＝[s(ki-1),s(ki),...,S(root-1),s(0),...,s(ki-1)]
finally, the sequence of length L is truncated from the head of the sequence:
SCi(n)＝si *(n),n＝0～L-1
the resulting sequence SCi(n) is the required ith signaling sequence.
For example, the average power ratio R is determined to be 1; the fixed sequence length is 353 and the amplitude is 1, and a better fixed sequence is calculated as follows:
wherein, ω isnThe values of (A) are arranged in rows from left to right in sequence as shown in the following table:
5.43 2.56 0.71 0.06 2.72 0.77 1.49 6.06 4.82 2.10
5.62 4.96 4.93 4.84 4.67 5.86 5.74 3.54 2.50 3.75
0.86 1.44 3.83 4.08 5.83 1.47 0.77 1.29 0.16 1.38
4.38 2.52 3.42 3.46 4.39 0.61 4.02 1.26 2.93 3.84
3.81 6.21 3.80 0.69 5.80 4.28 1.73 3.34 3.08 5.85
1.39 0.25 1.28 5.14 5.54 2.38 6.20 3.05 4.37 5.41
2.23 0.49 5.12 6.26 3.00 2.60 3.89 5.47 4.83 4.17
3.36 2.63 3.94 5.13 3.71 5.89 0.94 1.38 1.88 0.13
0.27 4.90 4.89 5.50 3.02 1.94 2.93 6.12 5.47 6.04
1.14 5.52 2.01 1.08 2.79 0.74 2.30 0.85 0.58 2.25
5.25 0.23 6.01 2.66 2.48 2.79 4.06 1.09 2.48 2.39
5.39 0.61 6.25 2.62 5.36 3.10 1.56 0.91 0.08 2.52
5.53 3.62 2.90 5.64 3.18 2.36 2.08 6.00 2.69 1.35
5.39 3.54 2.01 4.88 3.08 0.76 2.13 3.26 2.28 1.32
5.00 3.74 1.82 5.78 2.28 2.44 4.57 1.48 2.48 1.52
2.70 5.61 3.06 1.07 4.54 4.10 0.09 2.11 0.10 3.18
3.42 2.10 3.50 4.65 2.18 1.77 4.72 5.71 1.48 2.50
4.89 4.04 6.12 4.28 1.08 2.90 0.24 4.02 1.29 3.61
4.36 6.00 2.45 5.49 1.02 0.85 5.58 2.43 0.83 0.65
1.95 0.79 5.45 1.94 0.31 0.12 3.25 3.75 2.35 0.73
0.20 6.05 2.98 4.70 0.69 5.97 0.92 2.65 4.17 5.71
1.54 2.84 0.98 1.47 6.18 4.52 4.44 0.44 1.62 6.09
5.86 2.74 3.27 3.28 0.55 5.46 0.24 5.12 3.09 4.66
4.78 0.39 1.63 1.20 5.26 0.92 5.98 0.78 1.79 0.75
4.45 1.41 2.56 2.55 1.79 2.54 5.88 1.52 5.04 1.53
5.53 5.93 5.36 5.17 0.99 2.07 3.57 3.67 2.61 1.72
2.83 0.86 3.16 0.55 5.99 2.06 1.90 0.60 0.05 4.01
6.15 0.10 0.26 2.89 3.12 3.14 0.11 0.11 3.97 5.15
4.38 2.08 1.27 1.17 0.42 3.47 3.86 2.17 5.07 5.33
2.63 3.20 3.39 3.21 4.58 4.66 2.69 4.67 2.35 2.44
0.46 4.26 3.63 2.62 3.35 0.84 3.89 4.17 1.77 1.47
2.03 0.88 1.93 0.80 3.94 4.70 6.12 4.27 0.31 4.85
0.27 0.51 2.70 1.69 2.18 1.95 0.02 1.91 3.13 2.27
5.39 5.45 5.45 1.39 2.85 1.41 0.36 4.34 2.44 1.60
5.70 2.60 3.41 1.84 5.79 0.69 2.59 1.14 5.28 3.72
5.55 4.92 2.64
and determining that the number of the signaling sequences is 512, wherein the signaling sequence set comprises 4 signaling sequence subsets, each signaling sequence subset comprises 128 signaling sequences, and the length of each signaling sequence is 353.
According to the fixed sequence, the parameters used for calculating the signaling sequence in each signaling sequence subset are respectively as follows:
1) the root value of the first signaling sequence subset is 353;
the values of q are all in the following table:
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
2) root value of the second subset of signaling sequences is 367;
the values of q are all in the following table:
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
3) the root value of the third subset of signaling sequences is 359;
the values of q are all in the following table:
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
4) the root value of the fourth signaling sequence subset is 373;
the values of q are all in the following table:
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
as shown in step S13, a signaling sequence is selected from the signaling sequence set, and the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are padded on the active subcarriers, and the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are arranged in parity interleaving.
In a preferred embodiment, the length of the fixed sequence is equal to the length of the signaling sequence, and the length is less than 1/2 of the predetermined length. The predetermined length is 1024, but it can be changed according to the system requirement in practical application.
Taking the predetermined length as 1024 as an example, let the length of the fixed sequence be L (i.e. the number of active subcarriers carrying the fixed sequence be L), and the length of the signaling sequence be P (i.e. the number of active subcarriers carrying the signaling sequence be P), where L is equal to P in this embodiment. In other embodiments, L may also be slightly larger than P.
The fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are arranged in a parity staggered manner, namely the fixed sequence is filled to the position of even subcarrier (or odd subcarrier), correspondingly, the signaling sequence is filled to the position of odd subcarrier (or even subcarrier), thereby the distribution state of the parity staggered arrangement of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence is presented on the effective subcarrier of the frequency domain. It should be noted that, when the lengths of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence are not consistent (for example, P > L), the parity interleaving of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence can be implemented by means of zero padding sequence subcarriers.
As shown in step S14, zero sequence subcarriers are padded on both sides of the effective subcarrier to form frequency domain OFDM symbols with predetermined length: and the sequence number of the selected signaling sequence in the set is the signaling information carried by the OFDM symbol.
In a preferred embodiment, this step comprises: and filling zero sequence subcarriers with equal length on two sides of the effective subcarriers respectively to form frequency domain OFDM symbols with preset length.
Following the example of a predetermined length of 1024, the length G of the zero-sequence subcarrier is 1024-L-P, and (1024-L-P)/2 zero-sequence subcarriers are padded on both sides.
Further, in order to ensure that the receiving end can still process the received signal within the carrier frequency deviation range of-500 kHz to 500kHz, the value of (1024-L-P)/2 is usually larger than the critical length value (set to TH), which is determined by the systematic symbol rate and the predetermined length. E.g. a systematic symbol rate of 1024, 7.61M, and a sampling rate of 9.14M, the predetermined length is then 1024 For example, if L is P353, G is 318, and each side is padded with 159 zero-sequence subcarriers.
Accordingly, subcarriers (i.e., frequency domain OFDM symbols) P1_ X of a predetermined length (1024) are provided0,P1_X1,…,P1_X1023Generated by filling in the following way:
wherein the fixed sequence sub-carriersSub-carriers of a signalling sequenceThe parity positions may be interchanged.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating preamble symbols in a physical frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the method for generating preamble symbols in a physical frame includes the following steps:
step S21: performing inverse discrete Fourier transform on the frequency domain OFDM symbol with the preset length to obtain a time domain OFDM symbol; the frequency domain OFDM symbol is generated according to the generation method of the frequency domain OFDM symbol;
step S22: intercepting a time domain OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix length from the time domain OFDM symbol as a cyclic prefix;
step S23: generating a modulation signal based on the intercepted time domain OFDM symbol with the cyclic prefix length;
step S24: generating a preamble symbol based on the cyclic prefix, the time domain OFDM symbol, and the modulation signal.
In this embodiment, as described in step S21, a frequency domain OFDM symbol of a predetermined length is subjected to inverse discrete fourier transform to obtain a time domain OFDM symbol.
The inverse discrete fourier transform described in this step is a common way of converting a frequency domain signal into a time domain signal, and is not described herein again.
P1_XiObtaining a time domain OFDM symbol after performing inverse discrete Fourier transform:
wherein, L is the number of the fixed sequence carriers, P is the number of the signaling sequence carriers, and R is the average power ratio of the fixed sequence to the signaling sequence.
As stated in step S22, a cyclic prefix length time domain OFDM symbol is truncated from the time domain OFDM symbol as a cyclic prefix.
In this embodiment, the cyclic prefix length is equal to or less than the predetermined length. Taking the predetermined length as 1024 as an example, the cyclic prefix length may be 1024 or less than 1024. Preferably, the cyclic prefix length is 520, and the latter half of the time domain OFDM symbol (with the length of 520) is generally truncated as the cyclic prefix, so as to solve the problem of performance degradation of frequency domain channel estimation.
The determined cyclic prefix length is determined according to any one or more factors of the multi-path length which the wireless broadcast communication system usually needs to resist, the minimum length of a robust correlation peak value obtained by the system at the lowest receiving threshold, and the number of bits of the time domain structure transmission signaling. If only the signaling needs to be transmitted in the frequency domain structure, and the time domain structure is fixed and no signaling needs to be transmitted, only one or two of the multipath length to be countered and the minimum length of the robust correlation peak obtained by the system at the lowest receiving threshold need to be considered. In general, the longer the length of the cyclic prefix, the better the performance against long multipath, and the longer the length of the cyclic prefix and the length of the modulated signal, the more robust the peak of its delay correlation. Generally, the length of the cyclic prefix and the length of the modulation signal are required to be greater than or equal to the minimum length of the robust correlation peak obtained by the system at the lowest receiving threshold.
And as indicated by step S23, generating a modulated signal based on the truncated time domain OFDM symbol with the cyclic prefix length. In practice, the modulated signal length typically does not exceed the length of the cyclic prefix portion.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1) setting a frequency offset sequence;
2) and multiplying the time domain OFDM symbol with the cyclic prefix length or a part of the time domain OFDM symbol with the cyclic prefix length by the frequency offset sequence to obtain the modulation signal.
For example, let NcpFor a determined cyclic prefix length, LenBIs the modulation signal length. The modulation signal length is determined by the minimum length of the robust correlation peak that the system can obtain at the lowest receive threshold. Typically the modulation signal length is equal to or greater than the minimum length. Let NASetting the sampling point serial number of the time domain OFDM symbol as 0,1, … N for the length of the time domain OFDM symbolAAnd 1, setting N1 as the sampling point sequence number of the time domain OFDM symbol corresponding to the starting point selected to be copied to the modulation signal segment, and setting N2 as the sampling point sequence number of the time domain OFDM symbol corresponding to the end point selected to be copied to the modulation signal segment. Wherein,
N2＝N1+LenB-1
for convenience of description, the time domain OFDM symbol is divided into 2 parts, the first part is a part of the time domain OFDM symbol (generally, the front part of the time domain OFDM symbol) which is not truncated as a cyclic prefix, and the second part is a part of the time domain OFDM symbol (generally, the rear part of the time domain OFDM symbol) which is truncated as a cyclic prefix. If all the time domain OFDM symbols are intercepted as cyclic prefixes, the length of the first section is 0. N1 must fall within the second segment, i.e., the portion of the time domain OFDM symbol selected for the modulated signal segment does not span beyond the portion of the time domain OFDM symbol truncated as a cyclic prefix.
The modulation signal part and the cyclic prefix part are the same as part of information in the time domain OFDM symbol. The modulated signal part is only modulated with frequency offset or other signals, so that the correlation value between the modulated signal part and the cyclic prefix part and the correlation value between the modulated signal part and the time domain OFDM symbol can be used for timing synchronization and small offset estimation. In practice, the modulated signal length typically does not exceed the cyclic prefix length. If the length of the modulated signal is greater than the length of the cyclic prefix, the excess part will increase the overhead of the system, resulting in a reduction in transmission efficiency, and it can only enhance the robustness of the correlation value between the modulated signal part and the time domain OFDM symbol, and under the same overhead, the length of the excess part should be increased to the length of the cyclic prefix, which will bring more performance benefits.
As shown in fig. 3, a segment a represents a time domain OFDM symbol, a segment C represents a cyclic prefix, and a segment B represents a modulated signal. The frequency offset sequence isWherein f isSHMay be selected as the frequency domain subcarrier spacing (i.e., 1/N) corresponding to the time domain OFDM symbolAT), where T is the sampling period, NAIs the length of the time domain OFDM symbol. In this example, NAIs 1024, take fSH1/1024T. In other examples, to sharpen the correlation peak, fSHCan also be selected to be 1/(Len)BT). When LenB＝NCPWhen f is presentSH＝1/NCPAnd T. Such as LenB＝NCPWhen is 512, fSH＝1/512T。
In other embodiments, m (t) may also be designed into other sequences, such as an m-sequence or some simplified window sequence.
The modulation signal of the partial time domain OFDM symbol is P1_ b (t), P1_ b (t) is obtained by multiplying the partial time domain OFDM symbol by the frequency offset sequence m (t), i.e., P1_ b (t) is:
wherein N1 is selectively copied to the modulated signal segmentsStarting point of (2)And sampling point serial numbers of corresponding time domain OFDM symbols.
A preamble symbol is generated based on the cyclic prefix, the time domain OFDM symbol and the modulation signal as described in step S24.
Specifically, the cyclic prefix is spliced at the front of the time domain OFDM symbol as a guard interval, and the modulated signal is spliced at the rear of the OFDM symbol as a modulated frequency offset sequence to generate a preamble symbol, as shown in fig. 3.
For example, the preamble symbol may be based on employing the time domain expression:
in a preferred embodiment, the predetermined length NAWhen is 1024, Ncp＝520，LenBN1 is 504 or 520, 504.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.

Claims (7)

1. A method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbols, comprising the steps of:
determining an average power ratio R of the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence;
respectively generating a fixed sequence and a signaling sequence set on a frequency domain according to the average power ratio R;
selecting a signaling sequence from a signaling sequence set, filling a fixed sequence and the signaling sequence on an effective subcarrier, and arranging the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence in a parity staggered manner;
filling zero sequence subcarriers on two sides of the effective subcarrier respectively to form frequency domain OFDM symbols with preset length: wherein, the sequence number of the selected signaling sequence in the set is the signaling information carried by the OFDM symbol,
wherein generating the set of signaling sequences comprises:
all signaling sequences within a subset of signaling sequences are arranged together in order to form a set of signaling sequences,
generating each subset of signaling sequences comprises:
determining root values in a CAZAC sequence generation formula based on the number of the signaling sequences;
selecting a different set of q values to generate a CAZAC sequence based on the selected root value,
the parameters for generating each subset of signaling sequences are:
1) the root value of the first signaling sequence subset is 353;
the values of q are all in the following table:
1 9 10 16 18 21 28 29 32 35 49 51 53 54 55 57 59 60 61 65 68 70 74 75 76 77 78 82 84 85 86 88 90 95 96 103 113 120 123 125 126 133 134 135 137 138 140 141 142 145 147 148 150 151 155 156 157 161 163 165 167 170 176 178 179 181 182 184 185 187 194 200 201 204 209 210 217 222 223 224 225 229 232 234 235 237 239 241 244 246 247 248 249 251 252 253 254 255 262 270 272 273 280 282 290 291 306 307 308 309 311 313 314 315 317 320 326 327 330 331 333 336 338 340 342 345 347 349
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
105 244 172 249 280 251 293 234 178 11 63 217 83 111 282 57 85 134 190 190 99 180 38 191 22 254 186 308 178 251 277 261 44 271 265 298 328 282 155 284 303 113 315 299 166 342 133 115 225 13 26 326 148 195 145 185 121 58 162 118 151 182 230 39 249 305 309 144 188 181 265 140 212 137 10 298 122 281 181 267 178 187 177 352 4 353 269 38 342 288 277 88 124 120 162 204 174 294 166 157 56 334 110 183 131 171 166 321 96 37 261 155 34 149 156 267 332 93 348 300 245 101 186 117 329 352 215 55
2) root value of the second subset of signaling sequences is 367;
the values of q are all in the following table:
8 9 10 15 19 21 31 34 39 49 58 59 71 76 80 119 120 121 123 140 142 151 154 162 166 171 184 186 188 190 191 193 194 195 198 203 204 207 208 209 210 211 212 214 215 219 220 221 222 223 224 226 228 230 232 233 235 236 237 239 240 241 243 245 249 250 252 254 257 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 269 271 272 273 275 276 277 278 281 282 283 284 285 286 289 294 297 299 302 303 306 307 310 311 312 313 314 316 317 321 322 323 326 327 329 331 332 334 338 340 342 344 345 347 349 351 356 361 363 366
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
198 298 346 271 345 324 160 177 142 71 354 290 69 144 28 325 100 55 237 196 271 210 187 277 8 313 53 53 194 294 36 202 69 25 18 179 318 149 11 114 254 191 226 138 179 341 366 176 64 50 226 23 181 26 327 141 244 179 74 23 256 265 223 288 127 86 345 304 260 139 312 62 360 107 201 301 263 257 184 329 300 81 121 49 196 201 94 147 346 179 59 212 83 195 145 3 119 152 310 31 134 54 187 131 63 276 294 142 246 54 181 121 273 276 36 47 16 199 243 235 194 348 95 262 52 210 115 250
3) the root value of the third subset of signaling sequences is 359;
the values of q are all in the following table:
1 3 5 6 9 12 14 22 29 30 32 34 60 63 65 67 72 74 76 78 83 84 87 88 89 90 91 92 94 95 96 99 112 115 123 124 128 137 141 143 145 149 152 153 154 155 159 164 165 169 175 179 183 186 187 188 189 192 197 199 201 202 203 211 215 219 220 221 223 226 227 228 229 230 234 237 238 239 243 246 248 249 250 252 254 257 258 261 262 273 274 280 282 284 286 288 290 297 298 300 303 308 309 310 312 313 314 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 326 333 334 335 336 339 341 342 344 349 351 352 355
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
300 287 80 119 68 330 93 359 17 93 355 308 106 224 20 18 226 165 320 339 352 316 241 336 119 166 258 273 302 275 46 26 259 330 206 46 10 308 165 195 314 330 208 148 275 15 214 251 8 27 264 169 128 207 21 246 14 291 345 114 306 179 109 336 322 149 270 253 207 152 26 190 128 137 196 268 36 40 253 29 264 153 221 341 116 24 55 60 171 25 100 202 37 93 115 174 239 148 170 37 328 37 253 237 355 39 288 225 223 140 163 145 264 75 29 282 252 270 30 262 271 305 122 78 27 127 92 6
4) the root value of the fourth signaling sequence subset is 373;
the values of q are all in the following table:
26 28 29 34 38 40 43 49 54 57 58 62 64 65 79 80 81 83 85 86 87 101 102 187 189 190 191 193 194 195 196 198 199 200 202 204 205 206 208 209 211 213 214 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 227 228 230 232 233 236 237 241 243 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 255 256 259 260 261 262 263 265 266 267 275 276 280 282 283 284 285 289 295 297 300 301 302 303 305 307 317 320 322 323 325 327 328 332 338 341 342 343 348 349 351 352 353 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 367 369 370 372
the number of bits of the cyclic shift is all the values in the following table:
333 337 177 125 169 270 254 88 123 310 96 273 120 239 157 224 62 119 19 235 136 117 237 100 244 181 295 249 356 9 289 139 82 171 178 292 158 308 257 42 55 210 320 294 100 75 79 163 195 80 303 97 271 179 359 178 241 281 367 58
91 7 179 39 267 245 213 286 349 172 35 301 361 102 301 155 1 34 96 293 202 87 176 248 319 301 168 280 154 244 215 370 260 117 30 329 42 149 112 125 50 249 197 273 230 13 142 244 335 57 21 261 48 370 110 296 326 224 77 112 31 262 121 38 283 323 93 94
。
2. the method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbols according to claim 1, wherein generating the fixed sequence in the frequency domain comprises the steps of:
determining the length of the fixed sequence; wherein, each element in the fixed sequence is a complex number with a modulus of a constant value and an argument of any value between 0 and 2 pi;
and selecting a fixed sequence from all the selectable fixed sequences, generating a signaling sequence set with good autocorrelation and cross-correlation, and enabling an OFDM symbol formed based on any signaling sequence in the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence set to meet the required power peak-to-average ratio after being subjected to inverse Fourier transform.
3. The method of generating frequency domain OFDM symbols of claim 1, wherein generating a set of signaling sequences in the frequency domain comprises:
determining the length of the signaling sequence and the number of the signaling sequences contained in the signaling sequence set; the number of the signaling sequences is the power of N of 2, and N is a positive integer;
respectively generating M signaling sequence subsets, wherein the number of the signaling sequences in each signaling sequence subset is M1～mMAnd is and
arranging all the signaling sequences in each signaling sequence subset together in sequence to form a signaling sequence set;
wherein, the root values of each signaling sequence subset are different, and the amplitude of each element in all the signaling sequences is the amplitude of the element in the fixed sequence
4. The method of generating frequency domain OFDM symbols of claim 3, wherein generating each subset of signaling sequences comprises:
determining root values in a CAZAC sequence generation formula based on the number of the signaling sequences; wherein the root value is greater than or equal to twice the number of signaling sequences;
according to the selected root value, selecting a group of different q values to generate a CAZAC sequence, wherein the number of the q values is equal to the number of the signaling sequences, the value of the q values is an integer and is greater than 0 and smaller than the root value, and the sum of any two q values is not equal to the root value;
performing cyclic shift on the generated CAZAC sequence; wherein, the bit number of the cyclic shift is determined by the corresponding root value and q value;
and calculating to obtain a required signaling sequence subset according to the determined number of the signaling sequences, the q value and the cyclic shift digit.
5. The method of generating frequency domain OFDM symbols of claim 1, wherein the fixed sequence and the signaling sequence have an average power ratio R of 1.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the fixed sequence length is 353, modulo 1, expressed as:
FC(n)＝ejωn
wherein, ω isnThe values of (A) are arranged in rows from left to right in sequence as shown in the following table:
5.43 2.56 0.71 0.06 2.72 0.77 1.49 6.06 4.82 2.10 5.62 4.96 4.93 4.84 4.67 5.86 5.74 3.54 2.50 3.75 0.86 1.44 3.83 4.08 5.83 1.47 0.77 1.29 0.16 1.38 4.38 2.52 3.42 3.46 4.39 0.61 4.02 1.26 2.93 3.84 3.81 6.21 3.80 0.69 5.80 4.28 1.73 3.34 3.08 5.85 1.39 0.25 1.28 5.14 5.54 2.38 6.20 3.05 4.37 5.41 2.23 0.49 5.12 6.26 3.00 2.60 3.89 5.47 4.83 4.17 3.36 2.63 3.94 5.13 3.71 5.89 0.94 1.38 1.88 0.13 0.27 4.90 4.89 5.50 3.02 1.94 2.93 6.12 5.47 6.04 1.14 5.52 2.01 1.08 2.79 0.74 2.30 0.85 0.58 2.25 5.25 0.23 6.01 2.66 2.48 2.79 4.06 1.09 2.48 2.39 5.39 0.61 6.25 2.62 5.36 3.10 1.56 0.91 0.08 2.52 5.53 3.62 2.90 5.64 3.18 2.36 2.08 6.00 2.69 1.35 5.39 3.54 2.01 4.88 3.08 0.76 2.13 3.26 2.28 1.32 5.00 3.74 1.82 5.78 2.28 2.44 4.57 1.48 2.48 1.52 2.70 5.61 3.06 1.07 4.54 4.10 0.09 2.11 0.10 3.18 3.42 2.10 3.50 4.65 2.18 1.77 4.72 5.71 1.48 2.50 4.89 4.04 6.12 4.28 1.08 2.90 0.24 4.02 1.29 3.61 4.36 6.00 2.45 5.49 1.02 0.85 5.58 2.43 0.83 0.65 1.95 0.79 5.45 1.94 0.31 0.12 3.25 3.75 2.35 0.73 0.20 6.05 2.98 4.70 0.69 5.97 0.92 2.65 4.17 5.71 1.54 2.84 0.98 1.47 6.18 4.52 4.44 0.44 1.62 6.09 5.86 2.74 3.27 3.28 0.55 5.46 0.24 5.12 3.09 4.66 4.78 0.39 1.63 1.20 5.26 0.92 5.98 0.78 1.79 0.75 4.45 1.41 2.56 2.55 1.79 2.54 5.88 1.52 5.04 1.53 5.53 5.93 5.36 5.17 0.99 2.07 3.57 3.67 2.61 1.72
2.83 0.86 3.16 0.55 5.99 2.06 1.90 0.60 0.05 4.01 6.15 0.10 0.26 2.89 3.12 3.14 0.11 0.11 3.97 5.15 4.38 2.08 1.27 1.17 0.42 3.47 3.86 2.17 5.07 5.33 2.63 3.20 3.39 3.21 4.58 4.66 2.69 4.67 2.35 2.44 0.46 4.26 3.63 2.62 3.35 0.84 3.89 4.17 1.77 1.47 2.03 0.88 1.93 0.80 3.94 4.70 6.12 4.27 0.31 4.85 0.27 0.51 2.70 1.69 2.18 1.95 0.02 1.91 3.13 2.27 5.39 5.45 5.45 1.39 2.85 1.41 0.36 4.34 2.44 1.60 5.70 2.60 3.41 1.84 5.79 0.69 2.59 1.14 5.28 3.72 5.55 4.92 2.64
。
7. the method for generating frequency domain OFDM symbols according to claim 3, wherein the number of the signaling sequences in the generated signaling sequence set is 512, and the signaling sequence set comprises 4 signaling sequence subsets, each signaling sequence subset comprises 128 signaling sequences, and the length of the signaling sequence is 353.
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