CN105276608B - A kind of brown coal drying waste heat and water reclamation system - Google Patents
A kind of brown coal drying waste heat and water reclamation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105276608B CN105276608B CN201510750585.3A CN201510750585A CN105276608B CN 105276608 B CN105276608 B CN 105276608B CN 201510750585 A CN201510750585 A CN 201510750585A CN 105276608 B CN105276608 B CN 105276608B
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Air Supply (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统,其中,原煤经给煤机进入干燥机,原煤中水分在干燥机内吸热后汽化,原煤变为干煤,干燥机乏气进入布袋除尘器进行除尘,分离出的煤粉通过落粉管与干煤一起进入磨煤机行磨制;布袋除尘器出口的乏气进入凝结式换热器,在凝结式换热器内与循环冷却水完成热交换后排空,回收水从凝结式换热器输出利用,加热后的循环冷却水通过管道进入一、二次风加热器,冷空气在一、二次风加热器内与加热后的循环冷却水进行热交换,冷空气被加热,然后进入锅炉烟道内的空预器再次加热成热一、二次风;放热后的循环冷却水再次回到凝结式换热器吸热,形成完整的闭环系统,同时实现了干燥机乏气余热和水回收。
The invention discloses a lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system, wherein the raw coal enters the drier through a coal feeder, the moisture in the raw coal is vaporized after absorbing heat in the drier, the raw coal becomes dry coal, and the exhaust gas of the drier enters the bag for dust removal The separated coal powder enters the coal mill together with the dry coal for grinding through the powder falling pipe; the exhaust gas at the outlet of the bag filter enters the condensing heat exchanger, and in the condensing heat exchanger, it is mixed with the circulating cooling water After the heat exchange is completed, the recovered water is output from the condensing heat exchanger for utilization. The heated circulating cooling water enters the primary and secondary air heaters through the pipeline, and the cold air is mixed with the heated air in the primary and secondary air heaters. The circulating cooling water performs heat exchange, the cold air is heated, and then enters the air preheater in the boiler flue to be heated again into hot primary and secondary air; the circulating cooling water after heat release returns to the condensing heat exchanger again to absorb heat, forming The complete closed-loop system realizes waste heat and water recovery of the dryer at the same time.
Description
技术领域:Technical field:
本发明属于干燥褐煤乏气余热回收和应用领域,具体涉及一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统。The invention belongs to the field of waste heat recovery and application of dry lignite, and in particular relates to a system for recovering waste heat and water from lignite drying.
背景技术:Background technique:
在现有的燃用褐煤预干燥系统产生的干燥褐煤的电站锅炉上,在通过凝结式换热器对干燥乏气水分进行回收时,除采用凝结水作为冷却介质时可回收利用乏气热量外,采用循环水作为冷却介质时多对其采用空冷岛冷却的方式,循环水的热量大量散失而未得到合理利用,这样就造成了大量的能源浪费。In the existing power plant boilers that use the dry lignite produced by the lignite pre-drying system, when the dry exhaust gas moisture is recovered through the condensation heat exchanger, the heat of the exhaust gas can be recovered and utilized except that the condensed water is used as the cooling medium. When circulating water is used as the cooling medium, it is usually cooled by air-cooled islands. The heat of the circulating water is lost in a large amount and is not used reasonably, which causes a lot of energy waste.
为提高配褐煤预干燥系统机组的经济性,在节水的同时进一步降低机组能耗,需开发出一种新型的干燥机乏气热量回收系统。In order to improve the economical efficiency of the unit in the lignite pre-drying system and further reduce the energy consumption of the unit while saving water, it is necessary to develop a new heat recovery system for exhaust gas of the dryer.
发明内容:Invention content:
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供了一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案予以实现:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统,包括给煤机、循环冷却水泵、一次风机和送风机,其中,给煤机出口连接至干燥机原煤入口,干燥机干煤出口连接至磨煤机入口,磨煤机出口连接至锅炉的燃烧器,干燥机乏气出口连接至布袋除尘器入口,布袋除尘器上设有煤粉出口和乏气出口,其煤粉出口连接至磨煤机入口,其乏气出口连接至凝结式换热器入口,凝结式换热器上设有回收水出口和乏气出口;A lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system, including a coal feeder, a circulating cooling water pump, a primary fan and a blower, wherein the outlet of the coal feeder is connected to the raw coal inlet of the dryer, and the dry coal outlet of the dryer is connected to the inlet of the coal mill. The outlet of the coal machine is connected to the burner of the boiler, and the exhaust gas outlet of the dryer is connected to the inlet of the bag filter. The bag filter is equipped with a pulverized coal outlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The outlet is connected to the inlet of the condensing heat exchanger, and the condensing heat exchanger is provided with a recovery water outlet and a exhaust gas outlet;
一次风机和送风机出口分别通过一次风加热器、二次风加热器与设置在锅炉烟道内的空预器一次风入口和二次风入口相连,空预器出口的热一风、热二次风用于磨煤机干燥风和锅炉燃烧用热风;The outlet of the primary fan and the blower are respectively connected to the primary air inlet and secondary air inlet of the air preheater installed in the boiler flue through the primary air heater and the secondary air heater. The hot primary air and hot secondary air at the outlet of the air preheater Used for coal mill drying air and boiler combustion hot air;
循环冷却水泵通过管道经凝结式换热器以及并联设置的一次风加热器和二次风加热器组成一个冷却水循环系统。The circulating cooling water pump forms a cooling water circulation system through pipelines, condensing heat exchangers, primary air heaters and secondary air heaters arranged in parallel.
本发明进一步的改进在于,布袋除尘器乏气出口连接至凝结式换热器入口的管路上设置有乏气风机。A further improvement of the present invention is that a exhaust blower is provided on the pipeline connecting the exhaust outlet of the bag filter to the inlet of the condensing heat exchanger.
本发明进一步的改进在于,还包括回收回收水的收水箱。The further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a water collection tank for recovering recycled water.
本发明进一步的改进在于,还包括用于为给煤机提供原煤的煤仓。The further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a coal bunker for providing raw coal for the coal feeder.
本发明进一步的改进在于,锅炉烟道出口处设置有电除尘器,电除尘器出口连接至引风机入口。The further improvement of the present invention is that an electric dust collector is arranged at the outlet of the boiler flue, and the outlet of the electric dust collector is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan.
本发明进一步的改进在于,空预器与电除尘器之间的锅炉烟道内还设置有用于回收烟气余热的低压省煤器。The further improvement of the present invention is that a low-pressure economizer for recovering waste heat of flue gas is also arranged in the boiler flue between the air preheater and the electrostatic precipitator.
本发明进一步的改进在于,原煤经给煤机进入干燥机,原煤中水分在干燥机内吸收蒸汽管内蒸汽的热量进行气化,原煤变为干煤,富含水蒸汽且含一定浓度煤粉的乏气进入布袋除尘器进行除尘,分离出的煤粉通过落粉管与干燥机出口的干煤一起进入磨煤机进行磨制,合格的煤粉通过输粉管道进入锅炉燃烧器燃烧;The further improvement of the present invention is that the raw coal enters the dryer through the coal feeder, and the moisture in the raw coal absorbs the heat of the steam in the steam pipe in the dryer to be gasified, and the raw coal becomes dry coal, which is rich in water vapor and contains a certain concentration of coal powder The exhaust gas enters the bag filter for dust removal, and the separated coal powder enters the coal mill for grinding through the powder falling pipe together with the dry coal at the outlet of the dryer, and the qualified coal powder enters the boiler burner through the powder delivery pipeline for combustion;
布袋除尘器出口的乏气进入凝结式换热器,在凝结式换热器内与循环冷却水完成热交换后排空,回收水从凝结式换热器输出利用,加热后的循环冷却水通过管道进入一次风加热器、二次风加热器,一次风加热器、二次风加热器管内介质为加热后的循环冷却水,管外为来自一次风机和送风机的一次风、二次风,冷空气在一次风加热器、二次风加热器内与加热后的循环冷却水进行热交换,冷空气被加热,然后进入锅炉烟道内的空预器再次加热成热一次风、热二次风,热一次风、热二次风然后作为磨煤机干燥风和锅炉燃烧用热风;放热后的循环冷却水再次回到凝结式换热器吸热、对乏气形成冷却,形成完整的闭环系统,同时实现了干燥机乏气余热和水回收。The exhausted air at the outlet of the bag filter enters the condensing heat exchanger, and after completing heat exchange with the circulating cooling water in the condensing heat exchanger, it is emptied. The recovered water is output from the condensing heat exchanger for use, and the heated circulating cooling water passes through The pipeline enters the primary air heater and the secondary air heater. The medium in the primary air heater and the secondary air heater tube is the heated circulating cooling water, and the primary air and secondary air from the primary fan and the blower are outside the tube. The air exchanges heat with the heated circulating cooling water in the primary air heater and secondary air heater. The cold air is heated, and then enters the air preheater in the boiler flue to be heated again into hot primary air and hot secondary air. The hot primary air and hot secondary air are then used as the drying air of the coal mill and the hot air for boiler combustion; the circulating cooling water after heat release returns to the condensing heat exchanger to absorb heat and cool the exhaust gas, forming a complete closed-loop system , At the same time, it realizes the waste heat and water recovery of the dryer.
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下的有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统,利用闭式循环冷却水在凝结式换热器吸收热量回收褐煤干燥机乏气余热,然后使加热过的循环水通过锅炉冷一、二次风加热器对空预器入口冷风预热从而回收循环水热量,热量释放完成的循环水最终又回到凝结式换热器吸热形成循环。The present invention is a lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system, which utilizes the closed circulation cooling water to absorb heat in the condensing heat exchanger to recover the exhaust heat of the lignite dryer, and then heats the heated circulating water through the primary and secondary air of the boiler The air preheater preheats the cold air at the inlet of the air preheater to recover the heat of the circulating water, and the circulating water after the heat release is finally returned to the condensing heat exchanger to absorb heat to form a cycle.
使用该褐煤干燥余热和水回收装置和系统,可以有效回收褐煤干燥乏气的热量,既不浪费冷却水,又可以回收干燥褐煤乏气中的水,还可以进一步提高褐煤干燥机组发电经济性。The lignite drying waste heat and water recovery device and system can effectively recover the heat of the lignite drying exhaust gas, not waste cooling water, but also recover the water in the drying lignite exhaust gas, and can further improve the power generation economy of the lignite drying unit.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1为本发明一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统的结构框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system of the present invention.
图中:1为煤仓,2为给煤机,3为干燥机,4为磨煤机,5为布袋除尘器,6为乏气风机,7为凝结式换热器,8为收水箱,9为锅炉,10为循环冷却水泵,11为空预器,12为低压省煤器,13为电除尘器,14为引风机,15为一次风加热器,16为二次风加热器,17为一次风机,18为送风机。In the figure: 1 is the coal bunker, 2 is the coal feeder, 3 is the dryer, 4 is the coal mill, 5 is the bag filter, 6 is the exhaust fan, 7 is the condensation heat exchanger, 8 is the water collection tank, 9 is a boiler, 10 is a circulating cooling water pump, 11 is an air preheater, 12 is a low-pressure economizer, 13 is an electrostatic precipitator, 14 is an induced draft fan, 15 is a primary air heater, 16 is a secondary air heater, 17 For a blower fan, 18 is a blower fan.
具体实施方式:detailed description:
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1,本发明一种褐煤干燥余热和水回收系统,其技术关键在于如下几点:Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of lignite drying waste heat and water recovery system of the present invention, its technical key lies in the following points:
1)本发明主要由煤仓1、给煤机2、蒸汽管回转式褐煤干燥机3、布袋除尘器5、乏气风机6组成的干燥褐煤产生系统,磨煤机4、锅炉9组成的干燥褐煤煤粉制备和使用系统,凝结式换热器7、循环冷却水泵10、一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16、一次风机17、送风机18等组成的乏气余热和水回收系统,以及空预器11、低压省煤器12、电除尘器13、引风机14等锅炉辅助设备组成。1) The present invention is mainly composed of a coal bunker 1, a coal feeder 2, a steam pipe rotary lignite dryer 3, a bag filter 5, an exhaust fan 6, and a drying lignite production system composed of a coal mill 4 and a boiler 9. lignite pulverized coal preparation and use system, condensing heat exchanger 7, circulating cooling water pump 10, primary air heater 15, secondary air heater 16, primary air blower 17, air blower 18, etc. And air preheater 11, low pressure economizer 12, electrostatic precipitator 13, induced draft fan 14 and other boiler auxiliary equipment.
2)在本发明中,煤仓1用于为给煤机2供煤,给煤机2的出口连接干燥机3的原煤入口,干燥机3的干煤出口连接磨煤机进口,干燥机3的乏气出口连接布袋除尘器5的进口,布袋除尘器5分离出的煤粉通过落粉管连接磨煤机4进口,干煤和煤粉在磨煤机4内完成磨制后通过输粉管道进入锅炉9的燃烧器燃烧。燃烧后的锅炉烟气依次流过锅炉炉膛、空预器11、低压省煤器12和电除尘器13,然后经引风机14排出。2) In the present invention, the coal bunker 1 is used to supply coal for the coal feeder 2, the outlet of the coal feeder 2 is connected to the raw coal inlet of the dryer 3, the dry coal outlet of the dryer 3 is connected to the coal mill inlet, and the dryer 3 The outlet of the exhaust gas is connected to the inlet of the bag filter 5, and the pulverized coal separated by the bag filter 5 is connected to the inlet of the coal mill 4 through the powder falling pipe. The pipe enters the burner of the boiler 9 for combustion. The combusted boiler flue gas flows through the boiler furnace, air preheater 11, low-pressure economizer 12 and electrostatic precipitator 13 in sequence, and then is discharged through the induced draft fan 14.
布袋除尘器5的乏气出口连接乏气风机6的入口,乏气风机6的出口连接凝结式换热器7的入口,乏气在凝结式换热器7内与循环冷却水完成热交换后排空,回收水从凝结式换热器7下部输出至回收水箱8然后进行利用,加热后的循环冷却水通过管道进入一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16。The exhaust air outlet of the bag filter 5 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust fan 6, and the outlet of the exhaust fan 6 is connected to the inlet of the condensing heat exchanger 7, and the exhaust air is exchanged with the circulating cooling water in the condensing heat exchanger 7 Empty, the recovered water is output from the lower part of the condensing heat exchanger 7 to the recovered water tank 8 and then utilized, and the heated circulating cooling water enters the primary air heater 15 and the secondary air heater 16 through the pipeline.
冷空气自一次风机17和送风机18入口风道引入,两台风机出口分别连接一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16的进口,冷空气在一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16内与加热后的循环冷却水进行热交换,冷空气被加热,然后进入锅炉9的空预器11进行再次加热,热一、二次风然后作为磨煤机4干燥风和锅炉9燃烧用热风使用。Cold air is introduced from primary air blower 17 and blower 18 inlet ducts, and two air blower outlets connect the inlet of primary air heater 15, secondary air heater 16 respectively, and cold air is in primary air heater 15, secondary air heater 16. The heat is exchanged with the heated circulating cooling water inside, the cold air is heated, and then enters the air preheater 11 of the boiler 9 for reheating, and the heated primary and secondary air is then used as the drying air of the coal mill 4 and the hot air for combustion of the boiler 9 use.
3)当空预器11进口一、二次风温提高后,为继续回收锅炉9排烟中的余热、防止排烟温度过高,锅炉9需在电除尘器13前烟道布置可回收热量的低压省煤器12,将排烟温度进一步降低至90~110℃。3) When the primary and secondary air temperatures at the inlet of the air precipitator 11 are increased, in order to continue to recover the waste heat in the exhaust gas of the boiler 9 and prevent the temperature of the exhaust gas from being too high, the boiler 9 needs to arrange heat recovery in the front flue of the electrostatic precipitator 13 The low-pressure economizer 12 further reduces the exhaust gas temperature to 90-110°C.
4)降温后的排烟进入电除尘器13,可提高电除尘器13的除尘效率、减少粉尘污染物排放。4) The exhausted smoke after cooling enters the electrostatic precipitator 13, which can improve the dust removal efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator 13 and reduce the emission of dust pollutants.
为了进一步增加对本发明的了解,现对其工作过程做一说明:In order to further increase the understanding of the present invention, its work process is now described:
煤仓1内的原煤经落煤管和给煤机2进入干燥机3,原煤中水分在干燥机3内吸收蒸汽管内蒸汽的热量进行气化,原煤变为干煤,富含水蒸汽且含一定浓度煤粉的干燥机乏气进入布袋除尘器5进行除尘,分离出的煤粉通过落粉管与干燥机3出口的干煤一起进入磨煤机4进行磨制,合格的煤粉通过输粉管道进入锅炉燃烧器燃烧。布袋除尘器3出口的乏气经乏气风机6进入凝结式换热器7,在凝结式换热器7内与循环冷却水完成热交换后排空,回收水从凝结式换热器7下部输出至回收水箱8然后进行利用,加热后的循环冷却水通过管道进入一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16。一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16管内介质为加热后的循环冷却水,管外为来自一次风机17和送风机18的一、二次风,冷空气在一次风加热器15、二次风加热器16内与加热后的循环冷却水进行热交换,冷空气被加热,然后进入锅炉空预器11再次加热成热一、二次风,热一、二次风然后作为磨煤机4干燥风和锅炉燃烧用热风使用。放热后的循环冷却水再次回到凝结式换热器7吸热、对乏气形成冷却,从而形成完整的闭环系统,同时实现了干燥机3乏气余热和水回收。The raw coal in the coal bunker 1 enters the dryer 3 through the coal drop pipe and the coal feeder 2, and the moisture in the raw coal absorbs the heat of the steam in the steam pipe in the dryer 3 for gasification, and the raw coal becomes dry coal, which is rich in water vapor and contains The depleted air of the dryer with a certain concentration of pulverized coal enters the bag filter 5 for dust removal, and the separated pulverized coal enters the coal mill 4 for grinding together with the dry coal at the outlet of the dryer 3 through the powder falling pipe. The powder pipe enters the boiler burner for combustion. The exhaust air at the outlet of the bag filter 3 enters the condensing heat exchanger 7 through the exhaust fan 6, and is emptied after completing the heat exchange with the circulating cooling water in the condensing heat exchanger 7, and the recycled water flows from the lower part of the condensing heat exchanger 7. It is output to the recovery water tank 8 and then utilized, and the heated circulating cooling water enters the primary air heater 15 and the secondary air heater 16 through pipelines. The medium in the primary air heater 15 and the secondary air heater 16 tube is the heated circulating cooling water, and the outside of the tube is the primary and secondary air from the primary fan 17 and the blower 18. The air heater 16 exchanges heat with the heated circulating cooling water, the cold air is heated, and then enters the boiler air preheater 11 to be heated again into hot primary and secondary air, and the heated primary and secondary air is then used as coal mill 4 Dry air and hot air for boiler combustion are used. The circulating cooling water after heat release returns to the condensing heat exchanger 7 again to absorb heat and cool the exhaust air, thus forming a complete closed-loop system, and at the same time realizes waste heat and water recovery of exhaust air in the dryer 3 .
由于空预器11进口风温提高,锅炉排烟温度升高,为此,在除尘器前烟道布置可回收热量的低压省煤器12回收烟气余热,烟气经降温后再通过电除尘器13、引风机14排出。As the air temperature at the inlet of the air preheater 11 increases, the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler increases. Therefore, a low-pressure economizer 12 that can recover heat is arranged in the flue in front of the dust collector to recover the waste heat of the flue gas. After the flue gas is cooled, it passes through the electric dust collector. Device 13, induced draft fan 14 discharge.
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