CN105240093A - Diesel engine tail gas cleaning device - Google Patents
Diesel engine tail gas cleaning device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105240093A CN105240093A CN201510641554.4A CN201510641554A CN105240093A CN 105240093 A CN105240093 A CN 105240093A CN 201510641554 A CN201510641554 A CN 201510641554A CN 105240093 A CN105240093 A CN 105240093A
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- diesel engine
- gaseous ammonia
- tail gas
- urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diesel engine tail gas cleaning device. The diesel engine tail gas cleaning device comprises a gaseous ammonia generation system, a pretreatment system and a catalytic reduction reaction system which are connected sequentially. The front end of the gaseous ammonia generation system is connected with a diesel engine tail gas exhaust outlet. An air-flowing type sprayer is adopted in the gaseous ammonia generation system for spraying a urea solution into very fine mist, and gaseous ammonia is generated under the action of high-temperature tail gas. The pretreatment system is used for retaining solid impurities and unburnt oil drops in the diesel engine tail gas. The solid impurities comprise solid particle matters and/or asphalt-like materials. The tail gas treated through the pretreatment system is subjected to react with the gaseous ammonia in the catalytic reduction reaction system, and cleaned gas is obtained. According the diesel engine tail gas cleaning device, the problem, that can not be solved through an existing tail gas cleaning device, that failure of a porous ceramic catalyst unit is caused after unburnt heavy oil micro-droplets, carbide particle matters, sulfate particle matters and even the very high-viscosity asphalt-like materials enter the porous ceramic catalyst unit is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental technology field, particularly relate to a kind of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device.
Background technique
Include gaseous state and solid-state pollutant in the waste gas of the exhaust emissions of diesel engine, in gaseous contaminant, be mainly NO
x, SO
2, CO, HC and sulfur-containing mixture etc.; Solid contaminant is carbonized particle thing most importantly.In the prior art, the method purifying above-mentioned gaseous contaminant mainly adopts selective catalytic reduction to purify NO in gaseous contaminant
xand CO; When adopting in this way, reactant is gaseous ammonia NH
3the method of usual acquisition gaseous ammonia is: by air-stream spraying or high-pressure fog urea-water solution become microlayer model state and fully mix with high-temperature tail gas; urea under the effect of high-temperature tail gas in urea-water solution is heated to rapidly more than 160 DEG C decomposition, produces ammonia NH
3with biuret CONH, wherein ammonia NH
3in a part as removing SO
2reactant, another part and tail gas are mixed in porous ceramics catalyst unit, as the reactant of selective catalytic reduction, remove the nitrogen oxide in tail gas under the environment of high mild catalytic.
But this method is applied in marine diesel engine exhaust gas cleaner can produce a lot of problem.The reason producing these problems is because the fuel of diesel engine for ship is ordinary diesel oil or fuel oil, especially some seagoing vessels use distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oil, part the heaviest after all belonging to crude distillation, the Sulpher content of these oil products is approximately the hundred times of derv fuel, and wherein other impurity is also much higher than derv fuel.This just causes not only exists above-mentioned gaseous state and solid contaminant in marine diesel oil tail gas, but also contain the not most heavy oil microlayer model of a large amount of burnings, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that a lot of viscosity is high even in addition, these materials are after entering porous ceramics catalyst unit, can be deposited on very soon on the inwall of porous ceramics catalyst unit, form the separation layer of extremely difficult cleaning, the catalyzer on the inwall of ceramic catalytic device and tail gas is caused to isolate, make porous ceramics catalyst unit lose catalysis, make the permanent failure of porous ceramics catalyst unit.The life-span of the porous ceramics catalyst unit on general diesel engine for automobile exhaust gas purification equipment is at 15000-20000 hours, and on marine diesel engine exhaust gas purification equipment, about 100-200 hour service time will scrap because deposition formation separation layer causes porous ceramics catalyst unit thoroughly to lose efficacy.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how to solve existing exhaust gas processing device insurmountable because of after the not most heavy oil microlayer model of burning, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that even viscosity is high enter porous ceramics catalyst unit, and the problem that the porous ceramics catalyst unit caused lost efficacy.
(2) technological scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, comprise the gaseous ammonia generation system, preprocessing system and the catalytic reduction reaction system that are connected in turn;
The front end of described gaseous ammonia generation system is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth, and described gaseous ammonia generation system adopts air-stream type shower nozzle spraying urea liquid to be become imperceptible vaporific, under the effect of high-temperature tail gas, produce gaseous ammonia;
The front end of described preprocessing system is connected with the rear end of described gaseous ammonia generation system, the rear end of described preprocessing system is connected with the front end of described catalytic reduction reaction system, and described preprocessing system is for retaining solid impurity and the not most oil droplet that burns in diesel engine vent gas; Described solid impurity comprises particulate solid and/or class bituminous material;
Multiple porous ceramics catalyst unit is provided with in described catalytic reduction reaction system, the inwall of described porous ceramics catalyst unit applies the catalyzer needed for reduction reaction, tail gas after described preprocessing system process reacts with described gaseous ammonia in described catalytic reduction reaction system, the gas after being purified.Preferably, described diesel engine exhaust gas purification device also comprises and to connect in turn and through tail gas inlet pipe, import reducer pipe, the first housing, outlet reducer pipe and cleaning of off-gas go out pipe;
Described tail gas inlet pipe is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Described gaseous ammonia generation system is arranged in described import reducer pipe;
It is anterior that described preprocessing system is arranged on described first housing cavity, and described catalytic reduction reaction Operation system setting is at described first housing cavity rear portion.
Preferably, described preprocessing system and described catalytic reduction reaction system at a distance of predeterminable range, described in state between preprocessing system and described catalytic reduction reaction system and form plenum chamber.
Preferably, the side of described plenum chamber is provided with access door.
Preferably, described preprocessing system comprises: pretreatment framework, front screen, rare earth containing zeolite module, rear plate washer and angle guide;
Described pretreatment framework comprises multiple spaces setting up and down, the rectangular steel pipe of each space bottom is arranged many angle guides, and the size of the spacing between described angle guide and described rare earth containing zeolite module adapts; Described front screen and described backboard are arranged up and down alternately, to block the horizontal space of described pretreatment framework, make diesel engine vent gas can only detour when described pretreatment frame flow rare earth containing zeolite module can before and after pass through;
Wherein, described rare earth containing zeolite module comprises the second housing and rare earth containing zeolite particle, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is loaded on institute second and states in housing, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is for retaining in diesel engine vent gas burn not most oil droplet and solid impurity.
Preferably, described second housing is become with module grooved frame set by Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh;
Described module grooved framework is grooved four directions framework, and inside described module grooved framework, both sides are welded to connect with described Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh respectively, form the second housing of hollow.
Preferably, described rare earth containing zeolite particle is the particle be made up of rare earth chloride, the mineral powder that boils, bentonite clay, cement and gesso.
Preferably, described diesel engine exhaust gas purification device also comprises: intelligent observing and controlling system;
Described intelligent observing and controlling system comprises temperature transducer, liquid level sensor, NOx sensor, audible-visual annunciator and touch screen microprocessor; Described temperature transducer, for gathering the temperature of the tail gas of described exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Described NOx sensor, goes out the amount of nitrogen oxides in pipe outlet port for gathering described cleaning of off-gas;
Described liquid level sensor, for gathering the liquid level for holding the aqueous solution of urea in the urea tank of urea-water solution in described gaseous ammonia generation system;
Described touch screen microprocessor, the temperature signal for obtaining according to described temperature transducer controls described gaseous ammonia generation system to start or quits work;
Described touch screen microprocessor, also for gaseous ammonia generation system described in the amount of nitrogen oxides SC sigmal control that obtains according to described NOx sensor generate gaseous state ammonia amount number;
Described touch screen microprocessor, whether the liquid level signal also for obtaining according to described liquid level sensor controls described audible-visual annunciator and reports to the police.
Preferably, described gaseous ammonia generation system comprises air-stream type shower nozzle, and the gas circuit feeding unit be connected respectively with the interface of air-stream type shower nozzle and fluid path feeding unit;
Described gas circuit feeding unit, comprises the source of compressed air, pressurized air reduction valve, the shower nozzle air supply pipe that are connected successively; Described shower nozzle air supply pipe is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle;
Described liquid supplying unit, comprise be connected successively urea tank, urea feed pipe diaphragm accumulator and shower nozzle feed pipe after urea feed pipe, frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump, pump before pump;
Wherein, described diaphragm accumulator is in after described pump between urea feed pipe and described shower nozzle feed pipe, for the pulsation urea solution sent from described frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump stream is become continuous urea solution stream;
Described shower nozzle feed pipe is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle;
The urea solution stream that the high speed compression air-flow that described gas circuit feeding unit provides and described fluid path feeding unit provide mixes in described air-stream type shower nozzle, makes urea solution stream form mist state urea droplets.
Preferably, described catalytic reduction reaction system also comprises cross partition and shatter-proof glass fibrofelt;
Described porous ceramics catalyst unit is arranged in multiple coffins of being formed by described cross partition, and each described porous ceramics catalyst unit surrounding is wrapped up in described shatter-proof glass fibrofelt, prevents described porous ceramics catalyst unit impaired in case of shock.
(3) beneficial effect
Diesel engine exhaust gas purification device provided by the invention, preprocessing system is utilized to retain the heavy oil microlayer model burning not most in diesel engine vent gas, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that even viscosity is high, make diesel engine vent gas by after pretreating device, formed and only have NO
x, SO
2, the gaseous ammonia that produces of the tail gas of the gas pollutant such as CO, HC and gaseous ammonia generation system enters catalytic reduction reaction system jointly, catalytic reduction reaction system is to the NO in tail gas
xpurify with CO, because this tail gas is no longer containing heavy oil microlayer model, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that even viscosity is high, therefore this tail gas can not block catalytic reduction reaction system, thus substantially increases using effect and the working life of the catalytic reduction reaction system of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device.
Exhaust gas cleaner provided by the invention, solve because of the not most heavy oil microlayer model of burning, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing even also have the high class bituminous material of a lot of viscosity to enter porous ceramics catalyst unit after cause greatly decline the working life of porous ceramics catalyst unit and the problem of scrapping in short-duration failure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the diesel engine exhaust gas purification device that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the diesel engine exhaust gas purification device that another embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional drawing in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional drawing in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the C-C sectional drawing in Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of porous ceramics catalyst unit;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the rare earth containing zeolite module that other embodiments of the invention provide;
Fig. 8 is the D-D sectional drawing in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the diesel engine exhaust gas purification device that other embodiments of the invention provide;
Figure 10 and Figure 11 is the working principle schematic diagram of the intelligent observing and controlling system that other embodiments of the invention provide;
Wherein: 1: supporting leg; 2: the first housings; 3: pretreatment framework; 4: front screen; 5: rare earth containing zeolite module; 6: air-stream type shower nozzle; 7: shower nozzle feed pipe; 8: shower nozzle air supply pipe; 9: tail gas inlet pipe; 10: temperature transducer; 11: temperature sensor signal line; 12: import clamping bolt group; 13: import reducer pipe; 14: pressurized air reduction valve; 15: diaphragm accumulator; 16: urea feed pipe after pump; 17: frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump; 18: liquid level sensor signaling line; 19: liquid level sensor; 20: urea-water solution; 21: urea tank; 22: urea feed pipe before pump; 23: control cabinet; 24: touch screen microprocessor; 25: NOx sensor signals line; 26: backboard; 27: access door; 28: ceramic catalytic unit; 29: shatter-proof glass fibrofelt; 30: outlet reducer pipe; 31: outlet clamping bolt group; 32: cleaning of off-gas goes out pipe; 33: NOx sensor; 34: angle guide; 35: housing outside plate; 36: heat preservation fibre glass cotton block; 37: housing inner panel; 38: case frame; 39: cross partition; 40: rare earth containing zeolite particle; 41: Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh; 42: module grooved framework; 43: audible-visual annunciator signaling line; 44: audible-visual annunciator; 45: inverter input signal line; 46: frequency variator; 47: frequency variator output line; 48: power line.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Diesel engine exhaust gas purification device provided by the invention can be applied in and use on ordinary diesel oil, fuel oil or the tail gas clean-up of other impure more diesel oil as the traffic tool of fuel, such as, can be applied on the seagoing vessel using distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oil.
Embodiments provide a kind of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, see Fig. 1, comprise the gaseous ammonia generation system 100, preprocessing system 200 and the catalytic reduction reaction system 300 that are connected in turn;
The front end of described gaseous ammonia generation system 100 is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth, and described gaseous ammonia generation system 100 adopts air-stream type shower nozzle spraying urea liquid to be become imperceptible vaporific, under the effect of high-temperature tail gas, produce gaseous ammonia;
The front end of described preprocessing system 200 is connected with the rear end of described gaseous ammonia generation system 100, the rear end of described preprocessing system 200 is connected with the front end of described catalytic reduction reaction system 300, and described preprocessing system 200 is for retaining solid impurity and the not most oil droplet that burns in diesel engine vent gas; Described solid impurity comprises particulate solid and/or class bituminous material;
Multiple porous ceramics catalyst unit is provided with in described catalytic reduction reaction system 300, the inwall of described porous ceramics catalyst unit applies the catalyzer needed for reduction reaction, tail gas after described preprocessing system 200 processes reacts with described gaseous ammonia in described catalytic reduction reaction system 300, the gas after being purified.
Diesel engine exhaust gas purification device described in the present embodiment, preprocessing system is utilized to retain the heavy oil microlayer model burning not most in diesel engine vent gas, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that even viscosity is high, make diesel engine vent gas by after pretreating device, formed and only have NO
x, SO
2, the gaseous ammonia that produces of the tail gas of the gas pollutant such as CO, HC and gaseous ammonia generation system enters catalytic reduction reaction system jointly, catalytic reduction reaction system is to the NO in tail gas
xpurify with CO, because this tail gas is no longer containing heavy oil microlayer model, carbonization, the vulcanized particles thing class bituminous material that even viscosity is high, therefore this tail gas can not block catalytic reduction reaction system, thus substantially increases using effect and the working life of the catalytic reduction reaction system of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device.
The exhaust gas cleaner that the present embodiment provides, solve because of the not most heavy oil microlayer model of burning, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing even also have the high class bituminous material of a lot of viscosity to enter porous ceramics catalyst unit after cause greatly decline the working life of porous ceramics catalyst unit and the problem of scrapping in short-duration failure.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, see Fig. 2, another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, also comprises connecting in turn and through tail gas inlet pipe 9, import reducer pipe 13, first housing 2, outlet reducer pipe 30 and cleaning of off-gas go out pipe 32;
Described tail gas inlet pipe 9 is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Wherein, described gaseous ammonia generation system 100 is arranged in described import reducer pipe 13;
It is anterior that described preprocessing system 200 is arranged on described first housing 2 inner chamber, and described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 is arranged on described first housing 2 inner chamber rear portion.
Wherein, exhaust gas cleaner shown in Fig. 2 is maximum speed is diesel engine maximum (top) speed 900rpm, the exhaust gas cleaner of the low-speed marine diesel engine of peak output 3000kW, its basic boundary dimension is: length × wide × height=4000mm × 2200mm × 2200mm, as shown in Figure 2, wherein Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional drawing in Fig. 2 to the structure of this device; Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional drawing in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is the C-C sectional drawing in Fig. 2.In Fig. 2-Fig. 5, the implication of each reference character is as follows: 1: supporting leg; 2: the first housings; 3: pretreatment framework; 4: front screen; 5: rare earth containing zeolite module; 6: air-stream type shower nozzle; 7: shower nozzle feed pipe; 8: shower nozzle air supply pipe; 9: tail gas inlet pipe; 10: temperature transducer; 11: temperature sensor signal line; 12: import clamping bolt group; 13: import reducer pipe; 14: pressurized air reduction valve; 15: diaphragm accumulator; 16: urea feed pipe after pump; 17: frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump; 18: liquid level sensor signaling line; 19: liquid level sensor; 20: urea-water solution; 21: urea tank; 22: urea feed pipe before pump; 23: control cabinet; 24: touch screen microprocessor; 25: NOx sensor signals line; 26: backboard; 27: access door; 28: porous ceramics catalyst unit; 29: shatter-proof glass fibrofelt; 30: outlet reducer pipe; 31: outlet clamping bolt group; 32: cleaning of off-gas goes out pipe; 33: NOx sensor; 34: angle guide; 35: housing outside plate; 36: heat preservation fibre glass cotton block; 37: housing inner panel; 38: case frame; 39: cross partition; 40: rare earth containing zeolite particle; 41: Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh; 42: module grooved framework; 43: audible-visual annunciator signaling line; 44: audible-visual annunciator; 45: inverter input signal line; 46: frequency variator; 47: frequency variator output line; 48: power line.
In order to increase the space of the first housing 2 inside, preferably, described first housing 2 is rectangle.
In order to ensure tail gas Uniform Flow, make described preprocessing system 200 and described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 at a distance of predeterminable range, in described first housing 2, described in state between preprocessing system 200 and described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 and form plenum chamber.
As seen from the above description, the diesel engine exhaust gas purification device described in the present embodiment, comprises connection in turn and through tail gas inlet pipe 9, import reducer pipe 13, first housing 2 and outlet reducer pipe 30 and cleaning of off-gas go out pipe 32.The pipeline that described tail gas inlet pipe 9 is made for stainless steel, one end and diesel engine vent gas are arranged mouth and are connected, and the other end is connected with import reducer pipe 13.The tapered pipeline that import reducer pipe 13 is made for stainless steel, inside arranges gaseous ammonia generation system 100, and its other end is connected by import clamping bolt group 12 with the first housing 2 simultaneously.
Preferably, described first housing 2 is rectangular channel through before and after, and its front end is connected with import reducer pipe 13 by import clamping bolt group 12, and its rear end is connected with outlet reducer pipe 30 by outlet clamping bolt group 31; The case frame 38 that its surrounding outer wall layer is welded by stainless steel rectangular steel pipe, the full housing inner panel 37 be made up of 304 corrosion resistant plates is applied in case frame 38, the full housing outside plate 35 be made up of cold rolled sheet of framework external application, fills up heat preservation fibre glass cotton block 36 between housing inner panel 37 and housing outside plate 35; The supporting leg 1 that first housing 2 bottom is made up of multiple rectangular steel pipe supports.
Wherein, see Fig. 2, described gaseous ammonia generation system 100 comprises air-stream type shower nozzle 6, and the gas circuit feeding unit be connected respectively with the interface of air-stream type shower nozzle 6 and fluid path feeding unit;
Described gas circuit feeding unit, comprises the source of compressed air, pressurized air reduction valve 14, the shower nozzle air supply pipe 8 that are connected successively; Described shower nozzle air supply pipe 8 is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle 6;
Described liquid supplying unit, comprise be connected successively urea tank 21, urea feed pipe 16 diaphragm accumulator 15 and shower nozzle feed pipe 7 after urea feed pipe 22, frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17, pump before pump;
Wherein, described diaphragm accumulator 15 is in after described pump between urea feed pipe 16 and described shower nozzle feed pipe 7, for the pulsation urea solution sent from described frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17 stream is become continuous urea solution stream;
Described shower nozzle feed pipe 7 is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle 6;
The urea solution stream that the high speed compression air-flow that described gas circuit feeding unit provides and described fluid path feeding unit provide mixes in described air-stream type shower nozzle 6, makes described urea solution stream form mist state urea droplets.
Wherein, urea (CON
2h
4)-the aqueous solution 20 is under the pumping action of frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17, from urea tank 21 by urea feed pipe 22 before pump, frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17, urea feed pipe 16 after pump, diaphragm accumulator 15 and shower nozzle feed pipe 7 are entered air-stream type shower nozzle 6 inside and mix with the pressurized air being entered air-stream type shower nozzle 6 inside by pressurized air reduction valve 14 and shower nozzle air supply pipe 8, because there is huge speed difference between swiftly flowing pressurized air and liquid stream, the liquid film of urea-water solution 20 can be torn by swiftly flowing pressurized air, make it become microlayer model state and eject fully to mix with high-temperature tail gas, urea under the effect of high-temperature tail gas in urea-water solution 20 is heated to rapidly more than 160 DEG C decomposition, produce ammonia (NH
3) and biuret (CONH), wherein ammonia (NH
3) in a part as removing SO
2reactant, another part is as the reactant of selective catalytic reduction, the effect of diaphragm accumulator 15 is that the pulsed liquid stream that frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17 is exported becomes continuity liquid stream.
Wherein, described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 also comprises cross partition 39 and shatter-proof glass fibrofelt 29;
Described porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 is arranged on to be split in multiple coffins of being formed by described cross partition 39, each described porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 surrounding is wrapped up in described shatter-proof glass fibrofelt 29, prevents described porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 impaired in case of shock.
Particularly, described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 is arranged on described first housing 2 inner chamber rear portion.Wherein, described catalytic reduction reaction system 300 comprises cross partition 39, shatter-proof glass fibrofelt 29 and multiple porous ceramics catalyst unit 28; Cross partition 39 is made up of 304 corrosion resistant plates, the first housing 2 inner chamber is divided into the coffin of 100 (10 row * 10 arrange) equidimensions, arranges a porous ceramics catalyst unit 28, see Fig. 6 in each equidimension space.Each porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 surrounding is wrapped up in the shockproof felt 29 of glass, prevents porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 impaired in case of shock.
Wherein, described porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 be one along its longitudinally offer multiple square duct and on the inwall of its square duct the ceramic catalyst carrier of coated catalysts.
Further embodiment of this invention provides a kind of concrete structure of the preprocessing system described in above-described embodiment two.Wherein, described preprocessing system 200 comprises: pretreatment framework 3, front screen 4, rare earth containing zeolite module 5, rear plate washer 26 and angle guide 34; Described pretreatment framework 3 comprises multiple spaces setting up and down, the rectangular steel pipe of each space bottom is arranged many angle guides 34, and the size of the spacing between described angle guide 34 and described rare earth containing zeolite module 5 adapts; Front screen 4 and backboard 26 are 304 corrosion resistant plates and make, front screen 4 and backboard about 26 are arranged alternately, to block the horizontal space of described pretreatment framework 3, the rare earth containing zeolite module 5 that can only detour when diesel engine vent gas is flowed in described pretreatment framework 3 can be passed through front and back, guarantee that all air-flows are when by preprocessing system 200, by the process of rare earth containing zeolite module 5, must can enter next stage.
Wherein, described rare earth containing zeolite module 5 comprises the second housing and rare earth containing zeolite particle, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is loaded on institute second and states in housing, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is for retaining in diesel engine vent gas burn not most oil droplet and solid impurity.
Preferably, described second housing is become with module grooved frame set by Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh, and described module grooved framework is grooved four directions framework, and inside described module grooved framework, both sides are welded to connect with described Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh respectively, form the second housing of hollow.
Wherein, rare earth containing zeolite module 5 is cores of preprocessing system 200.See Fig. 7-8, rare earth containing zeolite module 5 comprises rare earth containing zeolite particle 40, Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh 41, module grooved framework 42; Wherein, module grooved framework 42 is grooved four directions framework; Inside module flute profile framework 42, both sides are welded to connect with Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh 41 respectively, form the housing of the rare earth containing zeolite module 5 of hollow, are contained in by described rare earth containing zeolite particle 40 in the housing (i.e. the second housing) of described rare earth containing zeolite module 5.
Wherein, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the side of described plenum chamber place first housing, one access door 27 is set, cleaning is taken out in use for some time multiplexing for the rare earth containing zeolite module in preprocessing system, simultaneously also can for the replacing of porous ceramics catalyst unit after arriving working life.
Wherein, above-mentioned rare earth containing zeolite particle 40 is the particle be made up of rare earth chloride, the mineral powder that boils, bentonite clay, cement and gesso.
Wherein, the heavy oil microlayer model that a large amount of burning of carrying in diesel engine vent gas is not most, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing, after the high class bituminous material of viscosity enters rare earth containing zeolite module 5, can flow between rare earth containing zeolite particle 40, this flowing must cause these particles and rare earth containing zeolite particles collision to slow down, simultaneously, because rare earth containing zeolite particle is made up of the zeolite molecular sieve with strong adsorption effect, can by these particle absorption betwixt, simultaneously because zeolite molecular sieve is compounded with rare earth elements, to the nitrogen oxide in tail gas, also there is certain catalytic reduction effect, be equivalent to first order selective catalytic reduction.After being processed by preprocessing system 200, formed and only have NO
x, SO
2, the tail gas of the gas pollutant such as CO, HC and ammonia enter porous ceramics catalyst unit 28, when mixed gas through porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 hole inwall on coated catalysts square duct time, under high temperature and catalytic condition, the gaseous ammonia in tail gas mixed gas and nitrogen oxide (comprise NO and NO
2) there is following chemical reaction:
4NH
3+4NO+O
2＝4N
2+6H
2O；8NH
3+6NO
2＝7N
2+12H
2O；
Simultaneously under high temperature and catalytic condition, the carbon monoxide in tail gas mixed gas and nitrogen are oxidized and (comprise NO and NO
2) there is following chemical reaction:
2CO+2NO+O
2＝2CO
2+N
2；4CO+2NO
2＝4CO
2+N
22；
By above-mentioned chemical reaction, by the nitrogen of the carbon monoxide in diesel engine vent gas and NO_x formation environmental sound, carbon dioxide and water.To sum up, by above three grades of purifications, by the main gaseous contaminant (NO of diesel emission
x, SO
2, CO) and the high class bituminous material of the not most heavy oil microlayer model of burning, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing, viscosity remove.
Further; above-mentioned rare earth containing zeolite particle 40 can be made by following steps; certainly be a kind of making method of this rare earth containing zeolite particle 40 below; be not limited to this, any rare earth containing zeolite particle adsorbing or retain in diesel engine vent gas burn not most oil droplet and solid impurity function that only has be made up of above-mentioned material all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
S1: prepare particle: the mineral powder that boils, bentonite clay, cement and gypsum are added water and makes the particle of diameter 6-8mm after mixing; The particle made is carried out roasting and oven dry in stove: be heated to 450-500 DEG C from normal temperature, keep temperature 3 hours, stop heating, come out of the stove when it naturally cools to 250 DEG C.
S2: be immersed in by particle in the aqueous solution of rare earth chloride, soaks 2 ~ 3 minutes, the laggard line space air dry of water outlet.
S3: be put in baking box by the particle after air oxygen detrition, is heated to 150 DEG C, is incubated 1 hour, stops heating, is cooled to less than 40 DEG C to come out of the stove with stove.
Rare earth containing zeolite particle 40 in preprocessing system in advance by class bituminous material interception high to heavy oil microlayer model not most for burnings a large amount of in diesel engine vent gas, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing, viscosity, can be formed and only have NO
x, SO
2, the gas pollutant such as CO, HC and ammonia the tail gas of diesel engine, such mixed gas, after entering porous ceramics catalyst unit 28, can react effectively under the catalysis of porous ceramics catalyst unit 28, makes cleaning of off-gas.Thus can not as existing exhaust gas cleaner, due to the not most heavy oil microlayer model of burnings a large amount of in diesel engine vent gas cannot be processed, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing, the class bituminous material that viscosity is high, and make these materials enter porous ceramics catalyst unit 28, then these materials can be deposited on the inwall of porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 very soon, form the separation layer of extremely difficult cleaning, the catalyzer on the inwall of porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 and tail gas is caused to isolate, porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 is made to lose catalysis, cause porous ceramics catalyst unit 28 permanent failure.
The embodiment of the present invention four additionally provides a kind of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, see Fig. 9, this exhaust gas cleaner, except comprising gaseous ammonia generation system 100, preprocessing system 200 and catalytic reduction reaction system 300 above, also comprises: intelligent observing and controlling system 400;
Described intelligent observing and controlling system 400 comprises temperature transducer, liquid level sensor, NOx sensor, audible-visual annunciator and touch screen microprocessor;
Described temperature transducer, for gathering the temperature of the tail gas of described exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Described NOx sensor, goes out the amount of nitrogen oxides in pipe outlet port for gathering described cleaning of off-gas;
Described liquid level sensor, for gathering the liquid level for holding the aqueous solution of urea in the urea tank of urea-water solution in described gaseous ammonia generation system;
Described touch screen microprocessor, the temperature signal for obtaining according to described temperature transducer controls described gaseous ammonia generation system to start or quits work;
Described touch screen microprocessor, also for gaseous ammonia generation system described in the amount of nitrogen oxides SC sigmal control that obtains according to described NOx sensor generate gaseous state ammonia amount number;
Described touch screen microprocessor, whether the liquid level signal also for obtaining according to described liquid level sensor controls described audible-visual annunciator and reports to the police.
Wherein, audible-visual annunciator can adopt an alarm to realize, and a voice guard and a light crossing-signal also can be adopted to realize.
Wherein, described touch screen microprocessor can with have communication, display, calculation and control HNI touch screen microprocessor 24 realize.Wherein, the working principle schematic diagram of described intelligent observing and controlling system 400 can see shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11.
Described intelligent observing and controlling system 400 is made up of temperature transducer 10, temperature sensor signal line 11, liquid level sensor signaling line 18, liquid level sensor 19, control cabinet 23, touch screen microprocessor 24, NOx sensor signals line 25, NOx sensor 33, audible-visual annunciator signaling line 43, audible-visual annunciator 44, inverter input signal line 45, frequency variator 46, frequency variator output line 47, power line 48.Wherein, touch screen microprocessor 24, frequency variator 46 are arranged in control cabinet 23.
The core devices of described intelligent observing and controlling system 400 is the touch screen microprocessors 24 with communication, display, calculation and control, and the working principle of intelligent observing and controlling system 400 is:
When the temperature of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device inlet tail gas is lower than 200 DEG C, the urea of the low injection of Yin Wendu cannot become ammonia (NH by Thermal desorption
3) and biuret (CONH), urea can be caused at outlet pipe intercrystalline, blocking ceramic catalytic unit; The signal now also transmitted by temperature sensor signal line 11 by temperature transducer 10 perception is sent instruction to the CPU in touch screen microprocessor 24, CPU and closes down frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17.When the temperature of diesel engine exhaust gas purification device inlet tail gas is higher than 460 DEG C, urea spirt goes directly to be oxidized to NOx, not only do not reduce NOx emission, increase NOx emission on the contrary, the signal now also transmitted by temperature transducer 10 perception and by temperature sensor signal line 11 sends instruction to the CPU in touch screen microprocessor 24, CPU and closes down frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17 and stop supplying urea-the aqueous solution 20 thus ensure that gaseous ammonia generation system 100 always works in the purification temperature window of 200 DEG C to 460 DEG C to liquid ammonia generation system.
When NOx sensor 33 perception amount of nitrogen oxides (concentration) in diesel engine exhaust gas purification device outlet port is higher than the numerical value set, the signal transmitted by NOx sensor signals line 25 is to the CPU in touch screen microprocessor 24, CPU sends instruction, frequency variator 46 frequency is adjusted by inverter input signal line 45, the rotating speed of frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17 is increased again by frequency variator output signal line 47, improve the amount being input to the urea-water solution 20 of purifier inside, to improve purification efficiency.Otherwise when NOx sensor 33 perception amount of nitrogen oxides (concentration) in diesel engine exhaust gas purification device outlet port is lower than the numerical value set, the signal transmitted by NOx sensor signals line 25 is to the CPU in touch screen microprocessor 24, CPU sends instruction, frequency variator 46 frequency is adjusted by inverter input signal line 45, the rotating speed of frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump 17 is reduced again by frequency variator output signal line 47, reduce the amount being input to the urea-water solution 20 of purifier inside, can the escaping of ammonia be avoided like this and reduce urea-water solution consumption.
When the urea-water solution 20 in the urea tank 21 that diesel engine exhaust gas purification device uses soon is used up, normally run in order to ensure diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, be arranged on liquid level sensor 19 perception bottom urea tank 21 and the signal transmitted by liquid level sensor signaling line 18 to the CPU in touch screen microprocessor 24, CPU sends instruction, audible-visual annunciator 44 sends sound and light signal, remind operator to add urea-water solution 20, guarantee that diesel engine exhaust gas purification device normally runs.Wherein said control cabinet 23 is utensils touch screen microprocessor 24, frequency variator 46 settled; Described power line 48 provides power supply to TT&C system.By above observing and controlling, the intelligentized control method of finishing device entirety.
In sum, in exhaust gas cleaner provided by the invention, described gaseous ammonia generation system front end is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth, rear end is connected with preprocessing system, spraying urea liquid is become imperceptible vaporific in the mode of air-stream type by gaseous ammonia generation system, under the effect of high-temperature tail gas, produce gaseous ammonia; Described preprocessing system is arranged between gaseous ammonia generation system and catalytic reduction reaction system, be made up of a set of rare earth containing zeolite grain bed purifier (rare earth containing zeolite module), class bituminous material high to heavy oil microlayer model not most for burnings a large amount of in diesel engine vent gas, carbonization, vulcanized particles thing, viscosity and particulate solid are trapped on rare earth containing zeolite grain bed by it.After preprocessing system, formed and only have NO
x, SO
2, the gas pollutant such as CO, HC the tail gas of marine diesel engine, enter the catalytic reduction reaction system be made up of porous ceramics catalyst unit, the NO in purification gaseous contaminant
xand CO, thus greatly improve the working life with porous ceramics catalyst unit in diesel engine vent gas cleaning equipment.
In addition, exhaust gas cleaner of the present invention can also have intelligent control function, described intelligent observing and controlling system is by being contained in the data of the temperature transducer of inlet exhaust gas, determine the start and stop of frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump, can guarantee that gaseous ammonia generation system always works in the purification temperature window of 200 DEG C to 460 DEG C.By being contained in the frequency of data through s operation control frequency conversion source of cleaning of off-gas outlet NOx sensor, change the rotating speed of frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump, thus accurate control inputs is to the urea liquid amount of gaseous ammonia generation system, guarantee that device not only reaches the purification efficiency meeting setting, the phenomenon occurring the escaping of ammonia can be avoided again, thus avoid the waste of urea liquid, reduce user cost; Remind whether should to annotate urea liquid to urea tank, to guarantee that diesel engine exhaust gas purification device normally runs by being contained in liquid level sensor in urea tank.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improve and replace and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a diesel engine exhaust gas purification device, is characterized in that, described diesel engine exhaust gas purification device comprises the gaseous ammonia generation system, preprocessing system and the catalytic reduction reaction system that are connected in turn;
The front end of described gaseous ammonia generation system is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth, and described gaseous ammonia generation system adopts air-stream type shower nozzle spraying urea liquid to be become imperceptible vaporific, under the effect of high-temperature tail gas, produce gaseous ammonia;
The front end of described preprocessing system is connected with the rear end of described gaseous ammonia generation system, the rear end of described preprocessing system is connected with the front end of described catalytic reduction reaction system, and described preprocessing system is for retaining solid impurity and the not most oil droplet that burns in diesel engine vent gas; Described solid impurity comprises particulate solid and/or class bituminous material;
Multiple porous ceramics catalyst unit is provided with in described catalytic reduction reaction system, the inwall of described porous ceramics catalyst unit applies the catalyzer needed for reduction reaction, tail gas after described preprocessing system process reacts with described gaseous ammonia in described catalytic reduction reaction system, the gas after being purified.
2. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described diesel engine exhaust gas purification device also comprises connection in turn and through tail gas inlet pipe, import reducer pipe, the first housing, outlet reducer pipe and cleaning of off-gas go out pipe;
Described tail gas inlet pipe is connected with exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Described gaseous ammonia generation system is arranged in described import reducer pipe;
It is anterior that described preprocessing system is arranged on described first housing cavity, and described catalytic reduction reaction Operation system setting is at described first housing cavity rear portion.
3. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described preprocessing system and described catalytic reduction reaction system at a distance of predeterminable range, described in state between preprocessing system and described catalytic reduction reaction system and form plenum chamber.
4. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the side of described plenum chamber is provided with access door.
5. the diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as described in as arbitrary in Claims 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described preprocessing system comprises: pretreatment framework, front screen, rare earth containing zeolite module, rear plate washer and angle guide;
Described pretreatment framework comprises multiple spaces setting up and down, the rectangular steel pipe of each space bottom is arranged many angle guides, and the size of the spacing between described angle guide and described rare earth containing zeolite module adapts; Described front screen and described backboard are arranged up and down alternately, to block the horizontal space of described pretreatment framework, make diesel engine vent gas can only detour when described pretreatment frame flow rare earth containing zeolite module can before and after pass through;
Wherein, described rare earth containing zeolite module comprises the second housing and rare earth containing zeolite particle, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is loaded on institute second and states in housing, and described rare earth containing zeolite particle is for retaining in diesel engine vent gas burn not most oil droplet and solid impurity.
6. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described second housing is become with module grooved frame set by Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh;
Described module grooved framework is grooved four directions framework, and inside described module grooved framework, both sides are welded to connect with described Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh respectively, form the second housing of hollow.
7. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described rare earth containing zeolite particle is the particle be made up of rare earth chloride, the mineral powder that boils, bentonite clay, cement and gesso.
8. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described diesel engine exhaust gas purification device also comprises: intelligent observing and controlling system;
Described intelligent observing and controlling system comprises temperature transducer, liquid level sensor, NOx sensor, audible-visual annunciator and touch screen microprocessor;
Described temperature transducer, for gathering the temperature of the tail gas of described exhaust emissions of diesel engine mouth;
Described NOx sensor, goes out the amount of nitrogen oxides in pipe outlet port for gathering described cleaning of off-gas;
Described liquid level sensor, for gathering the liquid level for holding the aqueous solution of urea in the urea tank of urea-water solution in described gaseous ammonia generation system;
Described touch screen microprocessor, the temperature signal for obtaining according to described temperature transducer controls described gaseous ammonia generation system to start or quits work;
Described touch screen microprocessor, also for gaseous ammonia generation system described in the amount of nitrogen oxides SC sigmal control that obtains according to described NOx sensor generate gaseous state ammonia amount number;
Described touch screen microprocessor, whether the liquid level signal also for obtaining according to described liquid level sensor controls described audible-visual annunciator and reports to the police.
9. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gaseous ammonia generation system comprises air-stream type shower nozzle, and the gas circuit feeding unit be connected respectively with the interface of air-stream type shower nozzle and fluid path feeding unit;
Described gas circuit feeding unit, comprises the source of compressed air, pressurized air reduction valve, the shower nozzle air supply pipe that are connected successively; Described shower nozzle air supply pipe is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle;
Described liquid supplying unit, comprise be connected successively urea tank, urea feed pipe diaphragm accumulator and shower nozzle feed pipe after urea feed pipe, frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump, pump before pump;
Wherein, described diaphragm accumulator is in after described pump between urea feed pipe and described shower nozzle feed pipe, for the pulsation urea solution sent from described frequency conversion Machinery Diaphragm Pump stream is become continuous urea solution stream;
Described shower nozzle feed pipe is connected with described air-stream type shower nozzle;
The urea solution stream that the high speed compression air-flow that described gas circuit feeding unit provides and described fluid path feeding unit provide mixes in described air-stream type shower nozzle, makes urea solution stream form mist state urea droplets.
10. diesel engine exhaust gas purification device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described catalytic reduction reaction system also comprises cross partition and shatter-proof glass fibrofelt;
Described porous ceramics catalyst unit is arranged in multiple coffins of being formed by described cross partition, and each described porous ceramics catalyst unit surrounding is wrapped up in described shatter-proof glass fibrofelt, prevents described porous ceramics catalyst unit impaired in case of shock.
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