CN105240061B - A kind of superhigh temperature Steam Power Circulation system using note hydrogen burning mixed heating - Google Patents
A kind of superhigh temperature Steam Power Circulation system using note hydrogen burning mixed heating Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种采用注氢燃烧混合式加热的超高温蒸汽动力循环系统,采用两级注氢燃烧混合式加热器取代电厂锅炉系统,以纯氢为燃料,纯氧为助燃剂,从给水预热系统来的高压给水喷入第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器,吸收氢氧燃烧释放的热量并与燃烧产物混合形成高温高压的蒸汽,然后送入汽轮机高压缸膨胀做功后,返回至第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器,通过氢氧燃烧和混合加热,得到高温再热蒸汽,进而将再热蒸汽送入汽轮机中、低压缸继续膨胀做功,低压缸排汽送入凝汽器凝结成水再返回至给水预热系统,本发明使蒸汽系统得到简化,节省了高温金属材料,并能使蒸汽初温提高到700℃以上,极大的提高了蒸汽动力循环的发电效率。
An ultra-high temperature steam power cycle system using hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heating, using a two-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater to replace the power plant boiler system, using pure hydrogen as fuel and pure oxygen as a combustion aid, from the feed water preheating system High-pressure feed water is sprayed into the first-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater to absorb the heat released by hydrogen-oxygen combustion and mix with combustion products to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then sent to the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to expand and perform work, and then returns to the second-stage hydrogen injection Combustion hybrid heater, through hydrogen and oxygen combustion and mixed heating, to obtain high-temperature reheated steam, and then send the reheated steam to the middle of the steam turbine, the low-pressure cylinder continues to expand and work, and the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder is sent to the condenser to condense into water and then return As for the feed water preheating system, the invention simplifies the steam system, saves high-temperature metal materials, and can increase the initial temperature of the steam to above 700°C, greatly improving the power generation efficiency of the steam power cycle.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于蒸汽动力循环发电技术领域,特别涉及一种采用注氢燃烧混合式加热的超高温蒸汽动力循环系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of steam power cycle power generation, and particularly relates to an ultra-high temperature steam power cycle system adopting hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heating.
背景技术Background technique
目前火电厂的常规火电机组大多采用基于朗肯循环基本原理的带回热和再热的蒸汽动力循环系统,新蒸汽的初温初压不断提高,超临界机组的新蒸汽压力已经达到26MPa以上,温度达到600℃,发电效率可达45%,而进一步研发的超高参数机组则希望将蒸汽初温提高到700℃以上,实现高达50%的发电效率。然而将蒸汽初温提高到700℃并非易事,高温高压的蒸汽对管道金属材料性能要求极其严苛,庞大的锅炉系统需要耗费大量的高性能高温金属材料,造价昂贵。另外,由于在常规锅炉中蒸汽和高温烟气隔着金属壁面进行换热,中间有很大的热阻,超高温蒸汽对金属壁温冷却效果很差,受热面管道金属温度很高,尤其是烟气侧金属壁温更高,如此恶劣的工作环境致使管道寿命缩短,机组整体可靠性不佳。为了实现进一步提高蒸汽初参数的目标,在改良高温金属材料性能的同时,创新蒸汽换热方式,改善换热器金属部件工作环境也是提高系统稳定性的一个重要出路。At present, most of the conventional thermal power units in thermal power plants adopt the steam power cycle system with reheating and reheating based on the basic principle of the Rankine cycle. The initial temperature and initial pressure of the fresh steam continue to increase, and the fresh steam pressure of the supercritical unit has reached above 26MPa. The temperature reaches 600°C, and the power generation efficiency can reach 45%, while the further developed ultra-high parameter unit hopes to increase the initial steam temperature to above 700°C, and achieve a power generation efficiency of up to 50%. However, it is not easy to increase the initial steam temperature to 700°C. High-temperature and high-pressure steam has extremely strict requirements on the performance of pipe metal materials. A large boiler system requires a large amount of high-performance high-temperature metal materials, which is expensive. In addition, since steam and high-temperature flue gas exchange heat across the metal wall in conventional boilers, there is a large thermal resistance in the middle, and the cooling effect of ultra-high-temperature steam on the metal wall is very poor, and the metal temperature of the pipe on the heating surface is very high, especially The metal wall temperature on the flue gas side is higher, such a harsh working environment shortens the life of the pipeline and the overall reliability of the unit is poor. In order to achieve the goal of further improving the initial parameters of steam, while improving the performance of high-temperature metal materials, innovating steam heat exchange methods and improving the working environment of metal parts of heat exchangers are also an important way to improve system stability.
与此同时,IGCC(整体煤气化联合循环)发电因其零污染物排放的优越环保性能成为未来煤电技术发展的另一个重要方向,而适用于IGCC的燃烧前CO2捕集技术在众多CO2捕集技术中具有显著的低能耗优势,是最有可能大规模实施的CO2捕集方法。IGCC技术首先通过气化炉将煤气化成合成气,而合成气的主要成分是CO和H2,燃烧前CO2捕集技术可通过水煤气变换将CO与H2O反应生成H2和CO2,CO2被分离捕集以后,剩余的合成气燃料中的主要成分就是H2,因此,燃烧前CO2捕集以后将得到大量的H2燃料。我国在天津已经建成并投产了一座IGCC示范电厂,经过调试运行,已经取得了良好的效果,基于IGCC的燃烧前CO2捕集装置也在该厂建成,即将投产。因此,一旦燃烧前CO2捕集技术成熟,在进行CO2捕集之后,将产生大量的氢气资源。氢气作为一种高热量无污染的高品质燃料,必须采用最有效的利用手段才能发挥其价值。At the same time, IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) power generation has become another important direction for the development of coal power technology in the future due to its superior environmental performance of zero pollutant emissions. It is the CO2 capture method most likely to be implemented on a large scale because of its significant low energy consumption advantage. IGCC technology firstly gasifies coal into syngas through a gasifier, and the main components of syngas are CO and H2. CO2 capture technology before combustion can react CO and H2O to generate H2 and CO2 through water-gas shift. After CO2 is separated and captured , the main component of the remaining syngas fuel is H2, therefore, a large amount of H2 fuel will be obtained after CO2 capture before combustion. my country has built and put into operation an IGCC demonstration power plant in Tianjin. After commissioning and operation, good results have been achieved. The pre-combustion CO2 capture device based on IGCC has also been built in this plant and will soon be put into operation. Therefore, once the pre-combustion CO2 capture technology is mature, a large amount of hydrogen resources will be generated after CO2 capture. As a high-calorie, non-polluting, high-quality fuel, hydrogen must be utilized in the most effective way in order to exert its value.
目前还没有报道显示将火力发电厂蒸汽动力循环和IGCC(整体煤气化联合循环)发电联合起来。There are no reports showing the combination of thermal power plant steam power cycle and IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) power generation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种采用注氢燃烧混合式加热的超高温蒸汽动力循环系统,适用于大型火力发电厂,可使蒸汽动力循环的蒸汽初温提高到700℃以上,机组发电效率提高到50%以上,可有效降低金属壁面温度,提升机组的可靠性和稳定性。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a super high temperature steam power cycle system using hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heating, which is suitable for large-scale thermal power plants, and can increase the initial temperature of steam in the steam power cycle to Above 700°C, the power generation efficiency of the unit is increased to more than 50%, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the metal wall surface and improve the reliability and stability of the unit.
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种采用注氢燃烧混合式加热的超高温蒸汽动力循环系统,包括汽轮机高压缸1,汽轮机高压缸1、汽轮机中压缸2和汽轮机低压缸3依次串联共轴布置并与发电机4连接,汽轮机高压缸1出口与第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18蒸汽入口连接,第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18蒸汽出口与汽轮机中压缸2蒸汽入口连接,汽轮机中压缸2蒸汽出口与汽轮机低压缸3蒸汽入口连接,汽轮机低压缸3蒸汽出口与凝汽器5蒸汽入口连接,凝汽器5热井与凝结水泵6入口相连,凝结水泵6出口与8#低压加热器7凝结水入口相连,8#低压加热器7加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3最后一级抽汽口连接,8#低压加热器7凝结水出口与7#低压加热器8凝结水入口连接,7#低压加热器8加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3倒数第二级抽汽口连接,7#低压加热器8凝结水出口与6#低压加热器9凝结水入口连接,6#低压加热器9加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3第一级抽汽口连接,6#低压加热器9凝结水出口与5#低压加热器10凝结水入口连接,5#低压加热器10加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸2最末级抽汽口连接,5#低压加热器10凝结水出口与除氧器11凝结水入口连接,除氧器11加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸2第二级抽汽口连接,除氧器11出口与给水泵12入口连接,给水泵12出口与3#高压加热器13给水入口连接,3#高压加热器13加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸2第一级抽汽口连接,3#高压加热器13给水出口与2#高压加热器14给水入口连接,2#高压加热器14加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机高压缸1第二级抽汽口连接,2#高压加热器14给水出口与1#高压加热器15给水入口连接,1#高压加热器15加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机高压缸1第一级抽汽口连接,1#高压加热器15给水出口与第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16给水入口连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16出口与汽水分离器17蒸汽入口连接,汽水分离器17疏水出口与除氧器11的疏水入口连接,汽水分离器17蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸1蒸汽入口连接,汽水分离器17蒸汽出口设蒸汽旁路与凝汽器5的蒸汽入口连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氢气入口与氢气系统19连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氧气入口与氧气系统20连接,1#高压加热器15疏水出口与2#高压加热器14疏水入口相连,2#高压加热器14疏水出口与3#高压加热器13疏水入口相连,3#高压加热器13疏水出口与除氧器11疏水入口相连,从汽轮机来的抽汽加热给水后形成的疏水经过逐级自流汇集至除氧器11;5#低压加热器10疏水出口与6#低压加热器9疏水入口相连,6#低压加热器9疏水出口与7#低压加热器8疏水入口相连,7#低压加热器8疏水出口与8#低压加热器7疏水入口相连,8#低压加热器7疏水出口与凝汽器5疏水入口相连,从汽轮机来的抽汽加热凝结水后形成的疏水经过逐级自流汇集至凝汽器5。An ultra-high temperature steam power circulation system adopting hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heating, comprising a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, a steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2, and a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 arranged in series and coaxially in sequence and connected to a generator 4, The steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1 outlet is connected to the steam inlet of the second-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18, and the steam outlet of the second-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2, and the steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2 steam inlet The outlet is connected to the steam inlet of steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3, the steam outlet of steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 is connected to the steam inlet of condenser 5, the hot well of condenser 5 is connected to the inlet of condensate pump 6, and the outlet of condensate pump 6 is condensed to 8# low-pressure heater 7 The water inlet is connected, the 8# low pressure heater 7 heating steam inlet is connected with the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 3 last stage steam extraction port, the 8# low pressure heater 7 condensate outlet is connected with the 7# low pressure heater 8 condensate inlet, 7# low pressure The heating steam inlet of heater 8 is connected with the penultimate steam extraction port of steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3, the condensate outlet of 7# low-pressure heater 8 is connected with the condensate inlet of 6# low-pressure heater 9, and the heating steam inlet of 6# low-pressure heater 9 It is connected to the first-stage steam extraction port of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3, the condensate outlet of 6# low-pressure heater 9 is connected to the condensate inlet of 5# low-pressure heater 10, and the heating steam inlet of 5# low-pressure heater 10 is connected to the steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2 most The final stage extraction port is connected, the condensate outlet of 5# low pressure heater 10 is connected with the condensate inlet of deaerator 11, the heating steam inlet of deaerator 11 is connected with the second stage extraction port of medium pressure cylinder 2 of steam turbine, and the deaerator 11 outlet is connected to feed water pump 12 inlet, feed water pump 12 outlet is connected to 3# high pressure heater 13 feed water inlet, 3# high pressure heater 13 heating steam inlet is connected to steam turbine medium pressure cylinder 2 first stage steam extraction port, 3# high pressure The water supply outlet of heater 13 is connected to the water supply inlet of 2# high pressure heater 14, the heating steam inlet of 2# high pressure heater 14 is connected to the second stage extraction port of steam turbine high pressure cylinder 1, the water supply outlet of 2# high pressure heater 14 is connected to 1# high pressure The heater 15 is connected to the feed water inlet, the 1# high pressure heater 15 heating steam inlet is connected to the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 1 first stage steam extraction port, the 1# high pressure heater 15 feed water outlet is connected to the first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 feed water The inlet is connected, the outlet of the first-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam-water separator 17, the drain outlet of the steam-water separator 17 is connected to the drain inlet of the deaerator 11, and the steam outlet of the steam-water separator 17 is connected to the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 1 The steam inlet is connected, the steam outlet of the steam-water separator 17 is provided with a steam bypass to connect with the steam inlet of the condenser 5, the first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, the second stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 hydrogen inlet Connected to the hydrogen system 19, the first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, the second stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18, the oxygen inlet is connected to the oxygen system 20, the 1# high pressure heater 15 drain outlet is connected to the 2# high pressure heating 14 drain inlet of 2# high pressure heater and 13 drain inlet of 3# high pressure heater Connected, 3# high-pressure heater 13 drain outlet is connected to deaerator 11 drain inlet, and the drain formed after the steam extraction from steam turbine is heated to feed water is collected to deaerator 11 through self-flow step by step; 5# low-pressure heater 10 drain outlet Connect with 6# low pressure heater 9 drain inlet, 6# low pressure heater 9 drain outlet connect with 7# low pressure heater 8 drain inlet, 7# low pressure heater 8 drain outlet connect with 8# low pressure heater 7 drain inlet, 8 #The drain outlet of low pressure heater 7 is connected to the drain inlet of condenser 5, and the drain formed after the condensed water is heated by the extracted steam from the steam turbine is collected to the condenser 5 through self-flow step by step.
所述的第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氢气入口通过相应调阀与氢气系统19连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氧气入口通过相应调阀与氧气系统20连接。The first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 and the second stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 are connected to the hydrogen system 19 through the corresponding regulating valve. The first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, The oxygen inlet of the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18 is connected with the oxygen system 20 through a corresponding regulating valve.
所述第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18包括加热器外壳29,加热器外壳29内部前段为燃烧区32,后段为混合区28,燃烧区32内壁面设有水膜/汽膜孔25,燃烧区32出口和混合区28连通,在燃烧区32内发生氢气和氧气的燃烧反应同时有水/蒸汽注入燃烧区32参混燃烧,燃烧产物蒸汽从燃烧区32出来进入混合区28,与其余给水/蒸汽混合换热,形成均质高温蒸汽。The first-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 16 and the second-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 include a heater shell 29. The front section inside the heater shell 29 is a combustion zone 32, and the rear section is a mixing zone 28. The inner wall of the zone 32 is provided with a water film/steam film hole 25, and the outlet of the combustion zone 32 communicates with the mixing zone 28, and the combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen occurs in the combustion zone 32, and water/steam is injected into the combustion zone 32 to participate in the mixed combustion, and the combustion The product steam comes out of the combustion zone 32 and enters the mixing zone 28, where it mixes and exchanges heat with the rest of the feed water/steam to form homogeneous high-temperature steam.
本发明有益的效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明省去了火力发电厂庞大的锅炉装置,取而代之的是两级注氢燃烧混合式加热器,管路流程大大缩短,可使蒸汽动力系统布局更加紧凑,减少管道金属耗量,减少汽水流程阻力损失。1. The present invention saves the huge boiler device of the thermal power plant and replaces it with a two-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater, which greatly shortens the pipeline flow, makes the layout of the steam power system more compact, reduces the metal consumption of the pipeline, and reduces Soda flow resistance loss.
2、通过注氢燃烧混合加热,可以在不提高换热器金属壁温的条件下使蒸汽动力循环的新蒸汽温度从目前的560~600℃提升至700℃以上,使蒸汽动力循环的效率由40~45%提高到50%以上,大大提高火电厂的发电效率。2. Through hydrogen injection combustion and mixed heating, the new steam temperature of the steam power cycle can be raised from the current 560-600°C to over 700°C without increasing the metal wall temperature of the heat exchanger, so that the efficiency of the steam power cycle can be increased from 40-45% is increased to more than 50%, which greatly improves the power generation efficiency of thermal power plants.
3、由于注氢燃烧混合式加热器采用氢氧配比燃烧,生成的产物只有水,燃烧产物直接与给水或蒸汽进行混合加热,这样省去了分隔式换热器的金属壁面热阻,换热速率提高。同时由于可以采用水膜或汽膜孔25冷却,使燃烧器金属避免在高温恶劣环境下工作,金属寿命延长,因此可以节省昂贵的高性能高温金属材料,降低系统造价。3. Since the hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater adopts hydrogen-oxygen ratio combustion, the product produced is only water, and the combustion product is directly mixed with feed water or steam for heating, thus eliminating the need for the metal wall thermal resistance of the separated heat exchanger, and exchanging Heat rate increased. At the same time, since the water film or steam film hole 25 can be used for cooling, the metal of the burner can avoid working in a high-temperature and harsh environment, and the life of the metal is prolonged, so that expensive high-performance high-temperature metal materials can be saved and the system cost can be reduced.
4、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18作为蒸汽的再热器,在机组启动阶段,当没有冷再热蒸汽流经再热器时,不注入氢气和氧气燃烧加热。这样就避免了常规锅炉机组在锅炉启动过程中出现的再热器干烧问题,提高可靠性。4. The second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18 is used as a steam reheater. During the start-up stage of the unit, when no cold reheat steam flows through the reheater, no hydrogen and oxygen are injected for combustion heating. In this way, the problem of dry burning of the reheater that occurs during the boiler start-up process of the conventional boiler unit is avoided, and the reliability is improved.
5、采用氢、氧燃料,注氢燃烧混合式加热器的启停灵活简单,汽水流程短,热惯性小,所以整体机组启停灵活迅速,变负荷性能好。5. Using hydrogen and oxygen fuel, the start and stop of the hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater is flexible and simple, the flow of soda and water is short, and the thermal inertia is small, so the overall unit starts and stops flexibly and quickly, and has good load changing performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
图2为注氢燃烧混合式加热器的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做详细叙述,本实施例为1000MW级的发电机组。The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, and present embodiment is the generator set of 1000MW level.
参照图1,一种采用注氢燃烧混合式加热的超高温蒸汽动力循环系统,包括汽轮机高压缸1,汽轮机高压缸1、汽轮机中压缸2和汽轮机低压缸3依次串联共轴布置并与发电机4连接,带动发电机4发电,汽轮机高压缸1出口与第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18蒸汽入口连接,第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18蒸汽出口与汽轮机中压缸2蒸汽入口连接,汽轮机中压缸2蒸汽出口与汽轮机低压缸3蒸汽入口连接,汽轮机低压缸3蒸汽出口与凝汽器5蒸汽入口连接,凝汽器5热井与凝结水泵6入口相连,凝结水泵6出口与8#低压加热器7凝结水入口相连,8#低压加热器7加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3最后一级抽汽口连接,8#低压加热器7凝结水出口与7#低压加热器8凝结水入口连接,7#低压加热器8加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3倒数第二级抽汽口连接,7#低压加热器8凝结水出口与6#低压加热器9凝结水入口连接,6#低压加热器9加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机低压缸3第一级抽汽口连接,6#低压加热器9凝结水出口与5#低压加热器10凝结水入口连接,5#低压加热器10加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸最末级抽汽口连接,5#低压加热器10凝结水出口与除氧器11凝结水入口连接,除氧器11加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸2第二级抽汽口连接,除氧器11出口与给水泵12入口连接,给水泵12出口与3#高压加热器13给水入口连接,3#高压加热器13加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机中压缸第一级抽汽口连接,3#高压加热器13给水出口与2#高压加热器14给水入口连接,2#高压加热器14加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机高压缸第二级抽汽口连接,2#高压加热器14给水出口与1#高压加热器15给水入口连接,1#高压加热器15加热蒸汽入口与汽轮机高压缸第一级抽汽口连接,1#高压加热器15给水出口与第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16给水入口连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16出口与汽水分离器17蒸汽入口连接,汽水分离器17疏水出口与除氧器11的疏水入口连接,汽水分离器17蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸1蒸汽入口连接,汽水分离器17蒸汽出口设蒸汽旁路与凝汽器5的蒸汽入口连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氢气入口与氢气系统19连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氧气入口与氧气系统20连接,分别为第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16和第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器17提供纯氢和纯氧,图1中带箭头的虚线所示为各级加热器疏水流向,1#高压加热器15疏水出口与2#高压加热器14疏水入口相连,2#高压加热器14疏水出口与3#高压加热器13疏水入口相连,3#高压加热器13疏水出口与除氧器11疏水入口相连,从汽轮机来的抽汽加热给水后形成的疏水经过逐级自流汇集至除氧器11;5#低压加热器10疏水出口与6#低压加热器9疏水入口相连,6#低压加热器9疏水出口与7#低压加热器8疏水入口相连,7#低压加热器8疏水出口与8#低压加热器7疏水入口相连,8#低压加热器7疏水出口与凝汽器5疏水入口相连,从汽轮机来的抽汽加热凝结水后形成的疏水经过逐级自流汇集至凝汽器5。Referring to Figure 1, an ultra-high temperature steam power cycle system using hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heating, including steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 1, steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2, and steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 are arranged in series and coaxially with the power generation The generator 4 is connected to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity. The outlet of the high-pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is connected to the steam inlet of the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18, and the steam outlet of the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18 is connected to the medium-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine. The steam inlet is connected, the steam outlet of the medium pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine, the steam outlet of the low pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the condenser 5, the hot well of the condenser 5 is connected with the 6 inlet of the condensate pump, and the condensate pump 6 outlet is connected to 8# low pressure heater 7 condensate inlet, 8# low pressure heater 7 heating steam inlet is connected to steam turbine low pressure cylinder 3 last stage steam extraction port, 8# low pressure heater 7 condensate outlet is connected to 7# low pressure heating The condensate inlet of the 8# low pressure heater is connected to the condensed water inlet of the 7# low pressure heater 8, which is connected to the penultimate steam extraction port of the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 3, and the condensed water outlet of the 7# low pressure heater 8 is connected to the condensed water inlet of the 6# low pressure heater 9 , 6# low-pressure heater 9 heating steam inlet is connected to the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 3 first-stage steam extraction port, 6# low-pressure heater 9 condensate outlet is connected to 5# low-pressure heater 10 condensate inlet, 5# low-pressure heater 10 The heating steam inlet is connected to the steam extraction port of the last stage of the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the condensate outlet of the 5# low-pressure heater 10 is connected to the condensate inlet of the deaerator 11, and the heating steam inlet of the deaerator 11 is connected to the second stage of the steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder 2 The outlet of deaerator 11 is connected to the inlet of feedwater pump 12, the outlet of feedwater pump 12 is connected to the inlet of 3# high pressure heater 13, and the inlet of 3# high pressure heater 13 is connected to the first stage of medium pressure cylinder of steam turbine The steam extraction port is connected, the water supply outlet of 3# high pressure heater 13 is connected with the water supply inlet of 2# high pressure heater 14, the heating steam inlet of 2# high pressure heater 14 is connected with the second stage extraction port of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder, and the 2# high pressure heater 14 feed water outlet is connected with 1# high pressure heater 15 feed water inlet, 1# high pressure heater 15 heating steam inlet is connected with steam turbine high pressure cylinder first stage steam extraction port, 1# high pressure heater 15 feed water outlet is connected with first stage hydrogen injection combustion The hybrid heater 16 is connected to the feedwater inlet, the outlet of the first-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam-water separator 17, the drain outlet of the steam-water separator 17 is connected to the drain inlet of the deaerator 11, and the steam-water separator 17 The steam outlet is connected to the steam inlet of the high-pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine, the steam outlet of the steam-water separator 17 is provided with a steam bypass and connected to the steam inlet of the condenser 5, the first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, the second stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid The hydrogen inlet of the type heater 18 is connected to the hydrogen system 19, the first-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, and the second-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 oxygen inlet are connected to the oxygen system 20, respectively for the first-stage hydrogen injection Combustion hybrid heater 16 and second-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 17 provide pure hydrogen and pure oxygen, with arrows in Fig. 1 The dotted line of the head shows the drain flow direction of heaters at all levels. The drain outlet of 1# high pressure heater 15 is connected with the drain inlet of 2# high pressure heater 14, and the drain outlet of 2# high pressure heater 14 is connected with the drain inlet of 3# high pressure heater 13. , the drain outlet of 3# high pressure heater 13 is connected with the drain inlet of deaerator 11, and the drain formed after the steam extraction from the steam turbine is heated to the feedwater is collected to the deaerator 11 through self-flow step by step; the drain outlet of 5# low pressure heater 10 is connected with 6# low pressure heater 9 drain inlet is connected, 6# low pressure heater 9 drain outlet is connected with 7# low pressure heater 8 drain inlet, 7# low pressure heater 8 drain outlet is connected with 8# low pressure heater 7 drain inlet, 8# The drain outlet of the low-pressure heater 7 is connected to the drain inlet of the condenser 5, and the drain formed after the condensed water is heated by the extraction steam from the steam turbine is collected to the condenser 5 through a self-flow step by step.
所述的第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氢气入口通过相应调阀与氢气系统19连接,第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18氧气入口通过相应调阀与氧气系统20连接,进行流量精确控制。The first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 and the second stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 18 are connected to the hydrogen system 19 through the corresponding regulating valve. The first stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16, The oxygen inlet of the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18 is connected to the oxygen system 20 through a corresponding regulating valve for precise flow control.
参照图2,所述第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16、第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18包括加热器外壳29,加热器外壳29内部前段为燃烧区32,后段为混合区28,燃烧区32设有燃烧室外壳30,燃烧室外壳30前端和给水/蒸汽进口21连通,氢气入口22、氧气入口23分别通过氢气布风嘴34、氧气布风嘴33布置在燃烧区32的入口处,燃烧区32的入口处还布置有点火装置24,燃烧区32内布置有火焰筒31,燃烧区32内壁面设有水膜/汽膜孔25,燃烧区32出口和混合区28连通,混合区28前端设有水/汽喷嘴26,混合区28后端为蒸汽出口27,在燃烧区32内发生氢气和氧气的燃烧反应同时有水/蒸汽注入燃烧区32参混燃烧,燃烧产物蒸汽从燃烧区32出来进入混合区28,与其余给水/蒸汽混合换热,形成均质高温蒸汽,燃烧区32内壁面设有水膜/汽膜冷却孔25保护,使燃烧器金属避免在高温恶劣环境下工作,金属寿命延长,因此可以节省昂贵的高性能高温金属材料,降低系统造价。Referring to Fig. 2, the first-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 16 and the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18 include a heater casing 29, the front section of the heater casing 29 is a combustion zone 32, and the rear section is a mixing zone. Zone 28 and combustion zone 32 are provided with a combustion chamber casing 30, the front end of the combustion chamber casing 30 communicates with the water supply/steam inlet 21, the hydrogen gas inlet 22 and the oxygen inlet 23 are respectively arranged in the combustion zone through the hydrogen gas distribution nozzle 34 and the oxygen distribution nozzle 33 At the entrance of 32, ignition device 24 is also arranged at the entrance of combustion zone 32, and flame tube 31 is arranged in combustion zone 32, and water film/steam film hole 25 is provided on combustion zone 32 inner walls, and combustion zone 32 exits and mixing zone 28 is connected, the front end of the mixing zone 28 is provided with a water/steam nozzle 26, the rear end of the mixing zone 28 is a steam outlet 27, and the combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen occurs in the combustion zone 32, and water/steam is injected into the combustion zone 32 to participate in the mixed combustion. The combustion product steam comes out of the combustion zone 32 and enters the mixing zone 28, where it mixes and exchanges heat with the rest of the feed water/steam to form homogeneous high-temperature steam. The inner wall of the combustion zone 32 is protected by a water film/steam film cooling hole 25 to prevent the metal of the burner from Working in high temperature and harsh environment, the life of the metal is prolonged, so it can save expensive high-performance high-temperature metal materials and reduce the cost of the system.
本发明的工作原理为:Working principle of the present invention is:
由8#低压加热器7、7#低压加热器8、6#低压加热器9、5#低压加热器10、除氧器11、给水泵12、3#高压加热器13、2#高压加热器14、1#高压加热器15以及连接管道和引自汽轮机的抽汽管道等组成的给水回热预热系统提供压力约36MPa,温度约300℃的给水,给水从1#高压加热器15出口出来后送入第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16,与此同时,分别由氢气系统19和氧气系统20提供的氢气和氧气,经过精确控制按摩尔流量二比一配比注入第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16,氢气和氧气在第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16内完全燃烧并与给水混合换热,最后生成高温高压的蒸汽。高温高压的蒸汽从第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16出来后送去汽水分离器17。8# low pressure heater 7, 7# low pressure heater 8, 6# low pressure heater 9, 5# low pressure heater 10, deaerator 11, feed water pump 12, 3# high pressure heater 13, 2# high pressure heater 14. The feedwater recuperation and preheating system consisting of 1# high pressure heater 15, the connecting pipeline and the steam extraction pipeline leading from the steam turbine provides feedwater with a pressure of about 36MPa and a temperature of about 300℃, and the feedwater comes out from the outlet of 1# high pressure heater 15 After that, it is sent to the first-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16. At the same time, the hydrogen and oxygen respectively provided by the hydrogen system 19 and the oxygen system 20 are injected into the first-stage injector with a two-to-one molar flow ratio through precise control. Hydrogen combustion hybrid heater 16, hydrogen and oxygen are completely combusted in the first-stage hydrogen injection combustion hybrid heater 16 and mixed with feed water for heat exchange, finally generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam is sent to the steam-water separator 17 after coming out of the first-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 16 .
在机组启动阶段和停机过程中,如果进入汽水分离器17的蒸汽带水,则汽水分离器17将液态水分离并经管路送去除氧器11进行回收。从汽水分离器17顶部出来的蒸汽可以根据需要,比如在机组启停时经旁路直接送去凝汽器5,被凝汽器5冷凝回收。在汽轮机正常运行时,新蒸汽从汽水分离器17出来以后送入汽轮机高压缸1进行膨胀做功。During the start-up and shutdown of the unit, if the steam entering the steam-water separator 17 carries water, the steam-water separator 17 will separate the liquid water and send it to the deaerator 11 for recovery through the pipeline. The steam coming out from the top of the steam-water separator 17 can be directly sent to the condenser 5 through a bypass when the unit starts and stops for example, and is condensed and recovered by the condenser 5. When the steam turbine is in normal operation, the new steam is sent into the high-pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine after coming out of the steam-water separator 17 to expand and perform work.
汽轮机高压缸1排汽作为冷再热蒸汽送入第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18,与此同时分别由氢气系统19和氧气系统20提供的纯氢和纯氧按摩尔流量二比一配比注入第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18,氢气和氧气在第二级注氢燃烧混合式加热器18内完全燃烧并与冷再热蒸汽混合换热形成热再热蒸汽。The exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is sent as cold reheat steam to the second-stage hydrogen-injection combustion hybrid heater 18. At the same time, the molar flow rates of pure hydrogen and pure oxygen provided by the hydrogen system 19 and oxygen system 20 are two to one The ratio is injected into the second-stage hydrogen-injection-combustion hybrid heater 18, and hydrogen and oxygen are completely combusted in the second-stage hydrogen-injection-combustion hybrid heater 18 and mixed with cold reheat steam to form hot reheat steam.
热再热蒸汽从第二级内燃烧混合加热器18出来送去汽轮机中压缸2膨胀做功,汽轮机中压缸2排汽送去汽轮机低压缸3继续膨胀做功。汽轮机高、中、低压缸与发电机4同轴串联并带动发电机发电。汽轮机低压缸3排汽送入凝汽器5并冷却凝结成凝结水。凝结水泵6从凝汽器5热井抽出凝结水送入8#低压加热器7,经过汽轮机第八级抽汽加热温度升高,8#低压加热器7出口凝结水送入7#低压加热器8,经过汽轮机第七级抽汽加热温度继续升高,7#低压加热器8出口凝结水送入6#低压加热器9,经过汽轮机第六级抽汽加热温度继续升高,6#低压加热器9出口凝结水送入5#低压加热器10,经过汽轮机第五级抽汽加热温度继续升高,5#低压加热器10出口凝结水送入除氧器11,经过汽轮机第四级抽汽加热温度继续升高,同时除去水中溶解的氧气。除氧器11出口给水经过给水泵12升压至36MPa以上送去3#高压加热器13,经过汽轮机第三级抽汽加热温度继续升高,3#高压加热器13出口给水送去2#高压加热器14,经过汽轮机第二级级抽汽加热温度继续升高,2#高压加热器14出口给水送入1#高压加热器15,经过汽轮机第一级抽汽加热温度继续升高,1#高压加热器15出口给水送去第一级注氢燃烧混合式加热器16。The hot reheated steam comes out from the second-stage internal combustion mixed heater 18 and is sent to the medium-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine for expansion and work, and the exhaust steam from the medium-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is sent to the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine to continue to expand and perform work. The high, medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine are coaxially connected in series with the generator 4 and drive the generator to generate electricity. The exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine is sent to the condenser 5 to be cooled and condensed into condensed water. The condensed water pump 6 draws condensed water from the hot well of the condenser 5 and sends it to the 8# low-pressure heater 7. After the eighth stage of the steam turbine extracts steam to heat up the temperature, the condensed water at the outlet of the 8# low-pressure heater 7 is sent to the 7# low-pressure heater 8. The heating temperature continues to rise after the seventh-stage steam extraction of the steam turbine, and the condensed water at the outlet of the 7# low-pressure heater 8 is sent to the 6# low-pressure heater 9, and the heating temperature continues to rise after the sixth-stage extraction of the steam turbine, and the 6# low-pressure heating The condensed water at the outlet of 5# low-pressure heater 10 is sent to 5# low-pressure heater 10, and the heating temperature continues to rise after the fifth-stage steam extraction of the steam turbine. The heating temperature continues to rise while removing dissolved oxygen in the water. The feed water at the outlet of deaerator 11 is boosted to above 36MPa by feed water pump 12 and sent to 3# high-pressure heater 13, and the temperature continues to rise after the third stage extraction of steam turbine, and the feed water at the outlet of 3# high-pressure heater 13 is sent to 2# high pressure The heating temperature of heater 14 continues to rise after the second-stage steam extraction of the steam turbine, and the feed water at the outlet of 2# high-pressure heater 14 is sent to 1# high-pressure heater 15, and the heating temperature continues to rise after the first-stage steam extraction of the steam turbine, 1# The outlet feedwater of the high-pressure heater 15 is sent to the first-stage hydrogen-injection-combustion hybrid heater 16 .
由于氢氧燃烧产物为纯水,由氢氧燃烧产生的蒸汽占总蒸汽量的15%左右,对循环系统起到了补水作用,除去系统的漏汽损失之外,系统内的水量仍会逐渐增多,可以通过调节凝汽器5的水位来维持系统水量的平衡。凝汽器5水位根据具不同工况通过向外排水或补充除盐水来调节。Since the product of hydrogen-oxygen combustion is pure water, the steam produced by hydrogen-oxygen combustion accounts for about 15% of the total steam volume, which plays a role in replenishing water in the circulation system. In addition to the loss of steam leakage in the system, the amount of water in the system will still gradually increase. , the balance of the system water volume can be maintained by adjusting the water level of the condenser 5. The water level of the condenser 5 is adjusted by draining water or replenishing desalted water according to different working conditions.
至此,该系统完成一个完整的蒸汽动力循环过程。而汽轮机高、中、低压缸同轴串联并与发电机4相连,带动发电机4转动发电。该实例中蒸汽动力循环系统稳态运行的主要节点参数由表1列出,在稳态工况下,汽轮机发电量为1058.55MW,蒸汽动力循环的发电效率为62%。So far, the system has completed a complete steam power cycle process. The high, medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine are coaxially connected in series and connected with the generator 4 to drive the generator 4 to rotate and generate electricity. The main node parameters of the steady-state operation of the steam power cycle system in this example are listed in Table 1. Under steady-state conditions, the power generation of the steam turbine is 1058.55MW, and the power generation efficiency of the steam power cycle is 62%.
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