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CN105227259B - A kind of parallel production method of M sequence and device - Google Patents

A kind of parallel production method of M sequence and device Download PDF

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CN105227259B
CN105227259B CN201510382659.2A CN201510382659A CN105227259B CN 105227259 B CN105227259 B CN 105227259B CN 201510382659 A CN201510382659 A CN 201510382659A CN 105227259 B CN105227259 B CN 105227259B
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苏泳涛
黄守俊
冯雪林
林江南
黄姗
石晶林
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Institute of Computing Technology of CAS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种M序列并行产生方法,包括:1)获取M序列的递推公式,确定并行度w,输入初始的M序列位;2)同步读取w组已知M序列位作为输入数据,根据递推公式同步进行w路递推计算,得到原先未知的w个M序列位;其中,一组已知M序列位对应于一路递推计算的递推公式右侧的各个幂次项;3)记录步骤2)所计算出的w个M序列位并将这w个M序列位同步输出,然后重新执行步骤2)以计算出下一组的w个M序列位。本发明还提供了相应的M序列并行产生装置。本发明具有并行度高,反馈简单,初始化简单,既适合硬件实现也适合软件实现的优点。

The invention provides a parallel generation method of M sequence, comprising: 1) obtaining the recursive formula of M sequence, determining the degree of parallelism w, and inputting initial M sequence bits; 2) synchronously reading w groups of known M sequence bits as input Data, according to the recursive formula, w-way recursive calculation is performed synchronously, and the previously unknown w M-sequence bits are obtained; among them, a set of known M-sequence bits corresponds to each power item on the right side of the recursive formula for one-way recursive calculation ; 3) Record the w M-sequence bits calculated in step 2) and output the w M-sequence bits synchronously, and then re-execute step 2) to calculate the next group of w M-sequence bits. The invention also provides a corresponding M-sequence parallel generation device. The invention has the advantages of high parallelism, simple feedback and simple initialization, and is suitable for both hardware and software realization.

Description

一种M序列并行产生方法和装置A method and device for generating M-sequence in parallel

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及通信领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种M序列并行产生方法和装置。The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method and device for generating M sequences in parallel.

背景技术Background technique

M序列是最长线性移位寄存器序列的简称,是一种伪随机序列、伪噪声(PN)码或伪随机码。可以预先确定并且可以重复实现的序列称为确定序列;既不能预先确定又不能重复实现的序列称随机序列;不能预先确定但可以重复产生的序列称伪随机序列。M序列被广泛地应用于无线通信扰码技术中。The M sequence is the abbreviation of the longest linear shift register sequence, which is a pseudo-random sequence, pseudo-noise (PN) code or pseudo-random code. A sequence that can be predetermined and can be repeated is called a definite sequence; a sequence that can neither be predetermined nor repeated is called a random sequence; a sequence that cannot be predetermined but can be repeatedly generated is called a pseudo-random sequence. M sequence is widely used in wireless communication scrambling technology.

扰码技术是数字通信中常用的技术,其目的可以使信道中传输的数据具有随机性,从而能够有效避免数据之间的干扰。扰码序列通常由伪随机序列M序列构成。随着移动通信的发展,传输速率越来越高,所需要的扰码速率也越来越高,而扰码并行化是提高扰码的产生速率一种很好的解决方案。Scrambling technology is a commonly used technology in digital communication. Its purpose is to make the data transmitted in the channel random, so as to effectively avoid interference between data. The scrambling code sequence is usually composed of a pseudo-random sequence M sequence. With the development of mobile communication, the transmission rate is getting higher and higher, and the required scrambling code rate is also getting higher and higher, and the parallelization of scrambling codes is a good solution to increase the generation rate of scrambling codes.

传统的并行扰码技术主要有查表法,矩阵法,采样法。查表法采用存储器实现并行化,一个周期为2r-1(r是生成多项式阶数)的扰码序列,如果需要并行度为W,那么W*(2r-1)也是扰码序列的周期。采用位宽为W的存储器,存储(2r-1)列,每次提取一列进行加扰,到最后一列后再循环到第一列。查表法优点是速度快,复杂度低,但是存储开销非常大,适用于生成多项式阶数较低的场合。但是随着移动通信发展,扰码序列的生成多项式已经变的更加复杂,比如第四代移动通信LTE中,扰码序列的生成多项式已经达到了31阶,查表法已经不再适用。Traditional parallel scrambling techniques mainly include look-up table method, matrix method, and sampling method. The table look-up method uses memory to implement parallelization. A scrambling code sequence with a period of 2 r -1 (r is the order of the generator polynomial). If the parallelism is W, then W*(2 r -1) is also the scrambling code sequence cycle. A memory with a bit width of W is used to store (2 r -1) columns, one column is extracted each time for scrambling, and the last column is cycled to the first column. The advantages of the look-up table method are fast speed and low complexity, but the storage overhead is very large, and it is suitable for occasions where the order of the generator polynomial is low. However, with the development of mobile communications, the generator polynomial of the scrambling code sequence has become more complex. For example, in the fourth-generation mobile communication LTE, the generator polynomial of the scrambling code sequence has reached order 31, and the look-up table method is no longer applicable.

矩阵法采用矩阵状态机转移的方式,通过多个一步转移矩阵的自乘,得到多步转移矩阵,从而能够一次实现多个状态机的更新,实现了扰码并行化。矩阵法适合基于寄存器组的硬件实现。然而,虽然矩阵法理论上能够实现任意的并行度,但是由于需要实现矩阵状态机转移,矩阵法扰码生成装置中某些寄存器单元之间的反馈往往较为复杂,导致生成扰码字时某些扰码位的延时较长,由于木桶效应,生成整个扰码字的延时也较长,进而导致系统的整体运行频率降低。当扰码阶数较高(例如31阶的LTE系统的扰码),并行度较高时,上述缺陷尤为明显。另外,矩阵法也不适合SIMD(单指令多数据)DSP实现,在需要新的扰码时,往往需要专用的硬件,通用性较弱。The matrix method adopts the method of matrix state machine transfer, and obtains a multi-step transfer matrix through self-multiplication of multiple one-step transfer matrices, so that multiple state machines can be updated at one time, and the scrambling code is parallelized. The matrix method is suitable for hardware implementation based on register banks. However, although the matrix method can theoretically achieve any degree of parallelism, due to the need to realize the transition of the matrix state machine, the feedback between some register units in the matrix method scrambling code generation device is often relatively complicated, resulting in some The delay of the scrambling code bit is relatively long, and the delay of generating the entire scrambling code word is also relatively long due to the barrel effect, thereby reducing the overall operating frequency of the system. When the order of the scrambling code is relatively high (for example, the scrambling code of the 31-order LTE system) and the degree of parallelism is relatively high, the above defects are particularly obvious. In addition, the matrix method is not suitable for SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) DSP implementation. When a new scrambling code is needed, special hardware is often required, and its versatility is weak.

采样法是对扰码序列进行采样,将原扰码序列分解为w个抽样序列(即子序列),每个抽样序列均设计独立的生成单元,并在同一时钟周期输出一位扰码,这样w个抽样序列就能够在一个时钟周期输出w位扰码,从而提高扰码生成速率。采样法优点是并行度可以很高,扰码序列生成速度可以很快,但是每个独立生成单元都需要独立的资源,资源开销很大,并且每个独立生成单元需要各自计算初始值,这样导致初始值的实现复杂度也较大。The sampling method is to sample the scrambling code sequence, decompose the original scrambling code sequence into w sampling sequences (i.e. sub-sequences), design an independent generation unit for each sampling sequence, and output a scrambling code in the same clock cycle, so W sampling sequences can output w-bit scrambling codes in one clock cycle, thereby increasing the generation rate of scrambling codes. The advantage of the sampling method is that the degree of parallelism can be very high, and the scrambling code sequence generation speed can be very fast, but each independent generation unit requires independent resources, and the resource overhead is large, and each independent generation unit needs to calculate the initial value separately, which leads to The implementation complexity of the initial value is also relatively large.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供了一种能够克服上述现有技术缺陷的M序列并行产生方法和装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for parallel generation of M-sequences capable of overcoming the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种M序列并行产生方法,包括下列步骤:According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of M-sequence parallel generation method is provided, comprising the following steps:

1)获取M序列的递推公式,确定并行度w,输入初始的M序列位;1) Obtain the recursive formula of the M sequence, determine the degree of parallelism w, and input the initial M sequence bits;

2)同步读取w组已知M序列位作为输入数据,根据递推公式同步进行w路递推计算,得到原先未知的w个M序列位;其中,一组已知M序列位对应于一路递推计算的递推公式右侧的各个幂次项;2) Synchronously read w groups of known M-sequence bits as input data, and perform w-way recursive calculations synchronously according to the recursive formula, and obtain w previously unknown M-sequence bits; wherein, a group of known M-sequence bits corresponds to one Each power item on the right side of the recursive formula for recursive calculation;

3)记录步骤2)所计算出的w个M序列位并将这w个M序列位同步输出,然后重新执行步骤2)以计算出下一组的w个M序列位。3) Record the w M-sequence bits calculated in step 2) and output the w M-sequence bits synchronously, and then re-execute step 2) to calculate the next group of w M-sequence bits.

其中,所述步骤1)中,所述并行度w不大于最大并行度P=r-q,其中r表示所述递推公式的阶数,q表示递推公式的右侧最高幂次项的序号。Wherein, in the step 1), the degree of parallelism w is not greater than the maximum degree of parallelism P=r-q, where r represents the order of the recurrence formula, and q represents the sequence number of the highest power item on the right side of the recurrence formula.

其中,所述步骤1)中,所述M序列为LTE协议中的第一M序列或者LTE协议中的第二M序列。Wherein, in the step 1), the M sequence is the first M sequence in the LTE protocol or the second M sequence in the LTE protocol.

根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种用于实现前述M序列并行产生方法的M序列并行产生装置,假设M序列的递推公式的阶数为r,递推公式的右侧最高幂次项的序号为q,则所述M序列并行产生装置包括r个寄存器和w个递推运算单元,其中w不大于最大并行度P=r-q;According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an M-sequence parallel generation device for realizing the aforementioned M-sequence parallel generation method, assuming that the order of the recursive formula of the M-sequence is r, the highest power on the right side of the recursive formula The sequence number of the sub-item is q, then the M sequence parallel generating device includes r registers and w recursive operation units, wherein w is not greater than the maximum degree of parallelism P=r-q;

r个所述寄存器分别记为:0~r-1号寄存器,每个寄存器均包括输出端、输入端和时钟端,w个递推运算单元分别记为:0~w-1号递推运算单元;The r registers are respectively recorded as: 0~r-1 registers, each register includes an output terminal, an input terminal and a clock terminal, and the w recursive operation units are respectively recorded as: 0~w-1 recursive operation unit;

其中,所对应幂次项系数不为0的第i~i+q号寄存器的输出端与第i号寄存器的输出端同时接入到第i号递推运算单元的输入端,第i号递推运算单元用于完成第i路递推公式的运算,且第i号递推运算单元的输出端连接第i+r-w号寄存器的输入端,形成第一组反馈连线,其中i是0至w-1的整数枚举;Among them, the output terminals of the i-i+q registers whose corresponding power term coefficients are not 0 and the output terminals of the i-th registers are connected to the input terminals of the i-th recursive operation unit at the same time, and the i-th recursive operation unit The push operation unit is used to complete the operation of the i-th recursive formula, and the output of the i-th recursive operation unit is connected to the input of the i+r-w register to form the first set of feedback connections, where i is 0 to an integer enumeration of w-1;

第j+w号寄存器的输出端连接第j号寄存器的输入端,形成第二组反馈连线,其中j是0至r-w-1的整数枚举。The output end of the j+wth register is connected to the input end of the jth register to form a second set of feedback connections, where j is an enumeration of integers from 0 to r-w-1.

其中,所述0~w-1号寄存器的输出端作为M序列位的输出端。Wherein, the output terminals of the 0~w-1 registers are used as the output terminals of the M sequence bits.

其中,所述0~w-1号寄存器每个周期并行输出w位M序列码。Wherein, the registers 0 to w-1 output w-bit M-sequence codes in parallel in each cycle.

根据本发明的又一方面,还提供了另一种方法M序列并行产生方法,所述M序列并行产生方法基于具有SIMD结构的向量DSP实现,其中,M序列的递推公式的阶数为r,递推公式的右侧最高幂次项的序号为q,则DSP中向量指令的向量长度为w,w不大于最大并行度P=r-q,其中,r、q、w均为自然数;According to yet another aspect of the present invention, another method M sequence parallel generation method is also provided, and the M sequence parallel generation method is realized based on a vector DSP with a SIMD structure, wherein the order of the recursive formula of the M sequence is r , the serial number of the highest power item on the right side of the recursive formula is q, then the vector length of the vector instruction in the DSP is w, and w is not greater than the maximum parallelism P=r-q, wherein, r, q, w are natural numbers;

所述M序列并行产生方法包括下列步骤:The M-sequence parallel generation method comprises the following steps:

1)通过多次向量读取指令分别从内存中读取w组已知M序列位至至少两个读入数据向量寄存器,其中,每个所述读入数据向量寄存器接收w个已知M序列位;1) Read w groups of known M-sequence bits from the memory to at least two read-in data vector registers through multiple vector read instructions, wherein each of the read-in data vector registers receives w known M-sequences bit;

2)然后通过向量异或操作指令对所述的至少两个读入数据向量寄存器中的数据进行异或操作得到w个新M序列位,并将向量异或操作结果写入输出数据向量寄存器;2) then carry out XOR operation to the data of at least two read-in data vector registers by vector XOR instruction to obtain w new M sequence bits, and write vector XOR operation result to output data vector register;

3)通过向量存储指令将输出数据向量寄存器的数据缓存至内存中的相应位置,然后返回步骤1),开始进行下一组M序列位的计算。3) cache the data of the output data vector register to the corresponding location in the memory through the vector storage instruction, and then return to step 1) to start the calculation of the next group of M sequence bits.

其中,所述M序列为LTE协议中的第一M序列或者LTE协议中的第二M序列。Wherein, the M sequence is the first M sequence in the LTE protocol or the second M sequence in the LTE protocol.

其中,所述步骤3)还包括:在通过向量存储指令将输出数据向量寄存器的数据缓存至内存中的相应位置的同时,将内存中所缓存的w个M序列位输出。Wherein, the step 3) further includes: outputting the w M sequence bits buffered in the memory while buffering the data of the output data vector register to a corresponding position in the memory through a vector storage instruction.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有下列技术效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

1、本发明的M序列生成方案并行度较高,反馈简单,初始化简单,既适合硬件实现也适合基于DSP的软件实现。1. The M-sequence generation scheme of the present invention has high parallelism, simple feedback and simple initialization, and is suitable for both hardware implementation and DSP-based software implementation.

2、本发明的M序列生成方案特别适合于高速率,高并行度,高阶数的扰码生成。2. The M-sequence generation scheme of the present invention is particularly suitable for high-speed, high-parallel, high-order scrambling code generation.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是M序列并行产生方法示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the M sequence parallel generation method;

图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例所提供的一种扰码序列并行产生装置的结构示意图;Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a device for generating scrambling code sequences in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3示出了该装置根据本发明另一个实施例所提供的一种扰码序列并行产生装置的程序指令执行示意图。Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of execution of program instructions of a device for parallel generation of scrambling code sequences provided by the device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

现有技术中,扰码序列既可以串行生成,也可以并行生成。而在串行生成技术中,通常是基于递推公式,用已知的扰码位来对推未知的新的扰码位,并将新的扰码位逐个输出。本案发明人对串行扰码的递推公式进行深入研究,将递推公式转用于并行扰码序列生成装置,进而提出了一种并行扰码序列生成方案,相对于传统的并行扰码技术,该方案反馈简单,初始化简单,既适合硬件实现也适合基于软件DSP的软件实现,特别适合于高速率,高并行度,高阶数的扰码生成。为了便于理解,下面首先介绍用于生成扰码序列的递推公式。In the prior art, the scrambling code sequences can be generated serially or in parallel. However, in the serial generation technology, usually based on a recursive formula, the known scrambling code bits are used to push the unknown new scrambling code bits, and the new scrambling code bits are output one by one. The inventor of this case conducted in-depth research on the recursive formula of the serial scrambling code, transferred the recursive formula to the parallel scrambling code sequence generation device, and then proposed a parallel scrambling code sequence generation scheme, compared with the traditional parallel scrambling code technology , the scheme has simple feedback and simple initialization, and is suitable for both hardware implementation and software implementation based on software DSP, especially suitable for high-speed, high-parallel, high-order scrambling code generation. For ease of understanding, the recursive formula for generating the scrambling code sequence is firstly introduced below.

如前文所述,扰码序列通常由伪随机序列M序列构成。在数学上可以用本原多项式表示伪随机序列M序列,通过本原多项式可以用递推的方法生成M序列,因此该多项式又称为M序列的生成多项式。一个通用的生成多项式可表示为:As mentioned above, the scrambling code sequence is usually composed of a pseudo-random sequence M sequence. In mathematics, the primitive polynomial can be used to represent the pseudo-random sequence M sequence, and the primitive polynomial can be used to generate the M sequence recursively, so the polynomial is also called the generator polynomial of the M sequence. A general generator polynomial can be expressed as:

f(x)=xr+cr-1xr-1+…+c1x+1f(x)=x r +c r-1 x r-1 +...+c 1 x+1

其中r是生成多项式阶数,ci是生成多项式中每一项的系数,i=1,2,…,r-1;且ci∈{0,1}。该多项式能够生成以2r-1为周期的M序列。该生成多项式对应于递推公式:Where r is the order of the generator polynomial, c i is the coefficient of each item in the generator polynomial, i=1,2,...,r-1; and c i ∈{0,1}. This polynomial is capable of generating M-sequences with a period of 2 r -1. This generator polynomial corresponds to the recurrence formula:

x(n+r)=cr-1x(n+r-1)+…+c1x(n+1)+x(n),n=0,1,2,…,Nx(n+r)=c r-1 x(n+r-1)+...+c 1 x(n+1)+x(n),n=0,1,2,...,N

其中r是生成多项式阶数,ci是生成多项式中每一项的系数,且ci∈{0,1},N是所要生成的M序列的长度,其中生成多项式各项之间的“+”表示“模2加”操作,也可以用“^”符号,即“异或”符号来表示同样的操作。where r is the order of the generator polynomial, c i is the coefficient of each item in the generator polynomial, and c i ∈ {0,1}, N is the length of the M sequence to be generated, and the "+ "Indicates the "modulo 2 addition" operation, and the "^" symbol, that is, the "exclusive or" symbol can also be used to represent the same operation.

发明人对目前常用的M序列生成多项式进行深入分析,发现一般M序列生成系统中,生成多项式系数中往往仅有前q个有值,而其余系数为0,即c1,c2,…,cq有值,而cq+1,cq+2,…,cr-1全为0。使用这个性质实现扰码序列的并行化,其最大并行度P=r-q,其中q等于系数为1的最高幂次项对应的序号。The inventor conducted an in-depth analysis of the currently commonly used M-sequence generator polynomials, and found that in a general M-sequence generation system, only the first q coefficients of the generator polynomials have values, and the remaining coefficients are 0, namely c 1 , c 2 ,…, c q has a value, and c q+1 , c q+2 ,…,c r-1 are all 0. Using this property to achieve parallelization of the scrambling code sequence, the maximum degree of parallelism P=rq, where q is equal to the sequence number corresponding to the highest power item with a coefficient of 1.

下面结合本发明的一个用于实现LTE系统的扰码生成的实施例对本发明做进一步地描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with an embodiment of the present invention for realizing scrambling code generation in an LTE system.

根据本发明的一个实施例,提出了一种扰码序列的并行生成方法,包括下列步骤:According to one embodiment of the present invention, a parallel generation method of a scrambling code sequence is proposed, comprising the following steps:

步骤1:获取M序列的递推公式x(n+r)=cqx(n+q)^…^c1x(n+1)^x1(n),确定并行度w。其中符号“^”表示“异或”运算(即“模2加”运算)。本步骤中,还生成扰码序列的r个初始值,即生成初始化序列。Step 1: Obtain the recursive formula x(n+r)=c q x(n+q)^...^c 1 x(n+1)^x 1 (n) of the M sequence, and determine the degree of parallelism w. Among them, the symbol "^" represents the "exclusive OR" operation (that is, the "modulo 2 addition" operation). In this step, r initial values of the scrambling code sequence are also generated, that is, an initialization sequence is generated.

LTE中采用两路M序列异或操作产生扰码序列,首先以其中第一路M序列为例进行说明,LTE协议中第一M序列的递推公式是:In LTE, two M-sequence XOR operations are used to generate scrambling code sequences. First, the first M-sequence is used as an example to illustrate. The recursive formula of the first M-sequence in the LTE protocol is:

x(n+31)=x(n+3)^x(n),n=0,1,…,Nx(n+31)=x(n+3)^x(n), n=0,1,...,N

分析递推公式,可以看出LTE协议中第一M序列的阶数r等于31,最高幂次项的序号q等于3,最大并行度P为28。假设实际系统中采用的并行度为w,那么就需要保证w不大于28。Analyzing the recursive formula, it can be seen that the order r of the first M sequence in the LTE protocol is equal to 31, the sequence number q of the highest power item is equal to 3, and the maximum degree of parallelism P is 28. Assuming that the degree of parallelism used in the actual system is w, then it is necessary to ensure that w is not greater than 28.

另一方面,在本实施例中,LTE第一M序列给出了31个初始值,而LTE协议的实际应用中,需要的M序列是从M序列的第1600个开始的,因此序列中前1600个是没用的,如果对这1600个数值进行输出会造成浪费。本实施例中,在进行M序列产生前,先直接根据31个初始值利用递推公式进行迭代计算推导出从第1600开始的31个值。然后用推导出的31个值作为初始值输入硬件或者软件进行M序列产生,从而节省了产生M序列的相关资源。On the other hand, in this embodiment, the first M-sequence of LTE provides 31 initial values, but in the actual application of the LTE protocol, the required M-sequence starts from the 1600th M-sequence, so the first M-sequence in the sequence 1600 are useless, and it will be wasteful to output these 1600 values. In this embodiment, before the M-sequence is generated, 31 values starting from the 1600th are derived by iterative calculation using a recursive formula directly based on the 31 initial values. Then use the deduced 31 values as initial values to input hardware or software to generate M sequence, thus saving related resources for generating M sequence.

步骤2:同步读取w组已知扰码位(本文中扰码位实际上就是指M序列的位,即M序列码)作为输入数据,根据递推公式同步进行w路递推计算,得到未知的w个扰码位。其中,每组已知扰码位对应于一个未知的扰码位。本发明中,将用于生成扰码的M序列中的数据位称为扰码位。下面举例说明。Step 2: Synchronously read w groups of known scrambling code bits (the scrambling code bits in this paper actually refer to the bits of the M sequence, that is, the M sequence code) as input data, and perform w-way recursive calculation synchronously according to the recursive formula, and obtain Unknown w scrambling code bits. Wherein, each group of known scrambling code bits corresponds to an unknown scrambling code bit. In the present invention, the data bits in the M sequence used to generate the scrambling code are referred to as scrambling code bits. The following example illustrates.

当LTE协议中第一M序列采用的并行度w为16时,相应的多路递推公式如下:When the parallelism w used by the first M sequence in the LTE protocol is 16, the corresponding multi-path recursive formula is as follows:

参考上述多路递推公式,每组输入数据是序号差为3的两个扰码位,例如:x(n+3)、x(n)是作为输入数据的第1组已知扰码位,x(n+4)、x(n+1)是作为输入数据的第2组已知扰码位,x(n+18)、x(n+15)是作为输入数据的第16组已知扰码位,每轮递推计算需要同步读取16组扰码位作为输入数据,在一轮并行化递推计算完成后,将获得x(n+31)至x(n+46)这16个新的扰码位。Referring to the above multi-path recursive formula, each set of input data is two scrambling code bits with a sequence number difference of 3, for example: x(n+3), x(n) is the first known scrambling code bit as the input data , x(n+4), x(n+1) are the 2nd group of known scrambling code bits as input data, x(n+18), x(n+15) are the 16th group of known scrambling bits as input data Knowing the scrambling code bits, each round of recursive calculation needs to read 16 sets of scrambling code bits synchronously as input data. After a round of parallelized recursive calculation is completed, the data from x(n+31) to x(n+46) will be obtained 16 new scrambling bits.

当LTE协议中第一M序列采用的并行度w为28时,则多路递推公式如下:When the parallelism w used by the first M sequence in the LTE protocol is 28, the multi-path recursive formula is as follows:

依据该多路递推公式进行并行化递推计算的方案与w=16时类似,此处不再赘述。The scheme of performing parallelized recursive calculation according to the multi-path recursive formula is similar to that when w=16, and will not be repeated here.

可以看出,对应于一般系统,能够得出一般化的多路递推公式:It can be seen that corresponding to the general system, the generalized multi-path recursive formula can be obtained:

其中r是生成多项式系数,cq是生成多项式中系数为1的最大幂次项系数,cq恒等于1,w是实际采用的并行度,最大并行度P=r-q,w不大于P,所以w+q不大于r。Where r is the coefficient of the generator polynomial, c q is the coefficient of the largest power item with a coefficient of 1 in the generator polynomial, c q is always equal to 1, w is the actual parallelism, the maximum parallelism P=rq, w is not greater than P, so w+q is not greater than r.

依据该一般化的多路递推公式进行并行化递推计算的方案与w=16时类似,此处不再赘述。The scheme of performing parallelized recursive calculation according to the generalized multi-path recursive formula is similar to that when w=16, and will not be repeated here.

步骤3:记录所计算出的w个扰码位并将这w个扰码位同步输出,重新执行步骤2读取下一轮递推计算的输入数据。Step 3: Record the calculated w scrambling code bits and output the w scrambling code bits synchronously, and re-execute step 2 to read the input data of the next round of recursive calculation.

不断执行上述步骤2、3,即可持续地并行生成和输出扰码。By continuously performing the above steps 2 and 3, the scrambling codes can be continuously generated and output in parallel.

上述扰码序列的并行生成方法中,对于每轮运算,w路运算的递推式完全一致,因此在硬件实现时w路运算可使用相同的连线方式及运算单元,这样,生成w位新扰码的延时相同,能够避免因木桶效应而限制硬件频率,有助于进一步提高并行扰码的生成速率。另一方面,并行的数据将会经历相同的运算与存储,因此上述扰码序列的并行生成方法也很容易使用向量指令进行编程实现,因此适合于在具有SIMD结构的向量DSP中实现。In the parallel generation method of the above-mentioned scrambling code sequence, for each round of operation, the recursive formula of the w-way operation is completely consistent, so the w-way operation can use the same connection mode and computing unit when the hardware is implemented, so that w-bit new The delay of the scrambling codes is the same, which can avoid limiting the hardware frequency due to the barrel effect, and helps to further increase the generation rate of parallel scrambling codes. On the other hand, parallel data will undergo the same operation and storage, so the parallel generation method of the scrambling code sequence is also easy to use vector instructions for programming, so it is suitable for implementation in vector DSP with SIMD structure.

进一步地,图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例所提供的一种扰码序列并行产生装置的结构示意图,该实施例为实现LTE系统中第一路M序列的扰码序列并行产生装置。本实施例中,扰码序列并行产生装置包括31个寄存器,图2中从上至下编为0至30号寄存器。其中,每个寄存器的D端为输入端,Q端为输出端,CLK端为时钟输入端口,整个装置符合时序逻辑,每当一个时钟周期结束,寄存器Q端的数据会更新为D端的数据。异或功能是由组合逻辑单元完成的,由于LTE系统中第一路M序列的递推公式仅含一次异或运算,因此可认为递推运算即时生效。Further, FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a device for parallel generation of scrambling code sequences according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment is a device for parallel generation of scrambling code sequences for the first M-sequence in an LTE system. In this embodiment, the device for generating scrambling code sequences in parallel includes 31 registers, which are coded as registers 0 to 30 from top to bottom in FIG. 2 . Among them, the D terminal of each register is the input terminal, the Q terminal is the output terminal, and the CLK terminal is the clock input port. The whole device conforms to the sequential logic. Whenever a clock cycle ends, the data at the Q terminal of the register will be updated to the data at the D terminal. The XOR function is performed by a combinational logic unit. Since the recursive formula of the first M-sequence in the LTE system contains only one XOR operation, it can be considered that the recursive operation takes effect immediately.

参考图2,对基于这种寄存器与异或电路的硬件设计描述如下:首先,对于硬件设计的结构,由于本实施例中M序列的阶数为r(r=31),故硬件设计中需要的寄存器长度也为r(即31),并对寄存器编号设定为0~r-1(即0~30)。其次,对于硬件设计的连线,由于递推公式右侧最高幂次项的序号为q(本实施例中q=3),故需要将寄存器编号相差q(即3)的寄存器输出端进行异或连线,所需要进行异或的寄存器数量取决于所设计的并行度。再次,对于硬件设计的输出,由于所设计的硬件并行度为w(w=16),故利用寄存器0~w-1(即0~15)和寄存器q~w+q-1(即3~18)的数值进行异或,经过一个时钟周期,便可以同时输出w(即16)个扰码位。最后,对于硬件设计的反馈,由于所设计的硬件并行度为w(w=16),故需要将寄存器w~r-1(即16~30)的值赋给寄存器0~r-w-1(即0~14),同时需要将输出的w(即16)个bit反馈给编号为r-w~r-1(即15~30)的寄存器。在这样的硬件设计中,可以保证1个时钟周期产生w个运算结果与w路反馈,从而能够并行实现扰码序列产生。第二M序列的硬件或者软件实现和第一M序列原理一致,这里不再赘述。With reference to Fig. 2, the hardware design based on this register and XOR circuit is described as follows: at first, for the structure of hardware design, because the order number of M sequence is r (r=31) in the present embodiment, so need in hardware design The length of the register is also r (ie 31), and the register number is set to 0~r-1 (ie 0~30). Secondly, for the wiring of the hardware design, since the sequence number of the highest power item on the right side of the recursive formula is q (q=3 in this embodiment), it is necessary to separate the output terminals of the registers whose numbers differ by q (that is, 3). The number of registers required for XOR depends on the degree of parallelism designed. Again, for the output of hardware design, since the designed hardware parallelism is w (w=16), registers 0~w-1 (ie 0~15) and registers q~w+q-1 (ie 3~ 18) is XORed, and after one clock cycle, w (that is, 16) scrambling code bits can be output at the same time. Finally, for the feedback of hardware design, since the designed hardware parallelism is w (w=16), it is necessary to assign the values of registers w~r-1 (ie 16~30) to registers 0~r-w-1 (ie 0 to 14), and at the same time, it is necessary to feed back the output w (ie 16) bits to registers numbered r-w ~ r-1 (ie 15 to 30). In such a hardware design, it can be guaranteed that one clock cycle will generate w operation results and w channels of feedback, so that scrambling code sequences can be generated in parallel. The hardware or software implementation of the second M-sequence is consistent with the principle of the first M-sequence, and will not be repeated here.

基于图2的实施例,可以进一步得出一般化的基于递推公式的并行扰码硬件实现方案。Based on the embodiment in FIG. 2 , a generalized parallel scrambling hardware implementation solution based on a recursive formula can be further obtained.

假设一般化的多路递推公式如下:Suppose the generalized multi-path recursion formula is as follows:

其中r是生成多项式系数,cq是生成多项式中系数为1的最大幂次项系数,cq恒等于1,w是实际采用的并行度,最大并行度P=r-q,w不大于P,所以w+q不大于r。Where r is the coefficient of the generator polynomial, c q is the coefficient of the largest power item with a coefficient of 1 in the generator polynomial, c q is always equal to 1, w is the actual parallelism, the maximum parallelism P=rq, w is not greater than P, so w+q is not greater than r.

基于上述一般化的多路递推公式,结合参考图2的实施例,对应的一般化的扰码序列并行产生装置包括r个寄存器和w个递推运算单元。r个寄存器分别记为:0~r-1号寄存器,每个寄存器均包括Q端(输出端)、D端(输入端)和CLK端(时钟端)。w个递推运算单元分别记为:0~w-1号递推运算单元,用于完成模二加操作。Based on the above generalized multi-path recursive formula, combined with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 2 , the corresponding generalized parallel generating device for scrambling code sequences includes r registers and w recursive operation units. The r registers are respectively recorded as registers 0 to r-1, and each register includes a Q terminal (output terminal), a D terminal (input terminal) and a CLK terminal (clock terminal). The w recursive operation units are respectively recorded as: 0~w-1 recursive operation units, which are used to complete the modulo two addition operation.

其中,所对应幂次项系数不为0的第i~i+q号寄存器的Q端与第i号寄存器的Q端同时接入到第i号递推运算单元的输入端,i是0至w-1的整数枚举,q是M序列递推公式中系数不为0的最高幂次项对应的序号。第i号递推运算单元用于完成第i路递推公式的运算,且第i号递推运算单元的输出端连接第i+r-w号寄存器的D端,形成第一组反馈连线。另一方面,第j+w号寄存器的Q端连接第j号寄存器的D端,形成第二组反馈连线。其中j是0至r-w-1的整数枚举。Among them, the Q terminal of the i-i+q register whose corresponding coefficient of the power term is not 0 and the Q terminal of the i-th register are connected to the input terminal of the i-th recursive operation unit at the same time, and i is 0 to The integer enumeration of w-1, q is the serial number corresponding to the highest power item whose coefficient is not 0 in the M sequence recurrence formula. The i-th recursive operation unit is used to complete the operation of the i-th recursive formula, and the output terminal of the i-th recursive operation unit is connected to the D terminal of the i+r-w-th register to form a first group of feedback connections. On the other hand, the Q terminal of the j+wth register is connected to the D terminal of the jth register to form a second group of feedback connections. where j is an enumeration of integers from 0 to r-w-1.

另外,本实施例中,0~w-1号寄存器的Q端作为扰码位的输出端,每个周期并行输出w位扰码。在另一实施例中,也可以用0~w-1号递推运算单元的输出端作为扰码位的输出端。In addition, in this embodiment, the Q terminals of registers 0 to w-1 are used as output terminals of scrambling code bits, and w-bit scrambling codes are output in parallel in each cycle. In another embodiment, the output terminals of the 0~w-1 recursive operation units can also be used as the output terminals of the scrambling code bits.

上述实施例中,由于生成w位新扰码的延时相同,因此能够避免因木桶效应而限制硬件频率,有助于进一步提高并行扰码的生成速率。In the above embodiments, since the delays for generating w-bit new scrambling codes are the same, it is possible to avoid limiting the hardware frequency due to the barrel effect, which helps to further increase the generation rate of parallel scrambling codes.

根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供了一种利用SIMD结构的向量DSP基于程序实现LTE系统中第一路M序列的并行扰码序列产生,图3示出了该装置的程序指令执行示意图。对于并行化软件编程来说,需要软件环境支持向量访存机制与向量运算机制,以本实施例为例,并行度w=16,应该需要软件环境至少支持向量宽度为16的向量访存与向量计算,即一条软件指令可以从内存中同时读写16个数据,也可以让两个向量寄存器中的16个数据同时参与运算,具有SIMD结构的向量DSP即满足上述要求。利用软件编程,首先,通过两次向量读取指令,每次分别从内存中读取w(即16)个数据至向量寄存器vr1和vr2中,读入vr1和vr2的数据的编号分别为0~w-1(即0~15)和q~w+q-1(即3~18)。其次,通过一条向量异或操作指令,对两个向量寄存器中的w(即16)个数据分别进行异或操作,即可得到长度为w(即16)的部分扰码序列,所得的部分扰码序列存储于另一个向量寄存器vr3中。最后,通过一条向量存储指令,将vr3中的部分扰码序列存储到内存的对应位置。利用本方法进行多次操作,能够并行实现扰码序列产生。According to another embodiment of the present invention, a vector DSP using a SIMD structure is provided to realize parallel scrambling sequence generation of the first M sequence in an LTE system based on a program. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of program instruction execution of the device. For parallelized software programming, it is necessary for the software environment to support the vector memory access mechanism and the vector operation mechanism. Taking this embodiment as an example, if the degree of parallelism w=16, the software environment should at least support vector memory access and vector memory with a vector width of 16. Computation, that is, a software instruction can read and write 16 data from the memory at the same time, and can also allow 16 data in two vector registers to participate in the operation at the same time. The vector DSP with SIMD structure meets the above requirements. Using software programming, firstly, through two vector read instructions, read w (that is, 16) data from the memory to the vector registers vr1 and vr2 each time, and the numbers of the data read into vr1 and vr2 are 0~ w-1 (ie 0-15) and q-w+q-1 (ie 3-18). Secondly, through a vector XOR operation instruction, the w (namely 16) data in the two vector registers are respectively subjected to XOR operation to obtain a partial scrambling code sequence with a length of w (namely 16), and the obtained partial scrambling sequence The code sequence is stored in another vector register vr3. Finally, a vector storage instruction is used to store part of the scrambling code sequence in vr3 to the corresponding location of the memory. Using the method to perform multiple operations can realize the generation of scrambling code sequences in parallel.

LTE系统中第二M序列的硬件或者软件实现和第一M序列原理一致,这里不再累述。The hardware or software implementation of the second M-sequence in the LTE system is consistent with the principle of the first M-sequence, and will not be repeated here.

最后应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以描述本发明的技术方案而不是对本技术方法进行限制,本发明在应用上可以延伸为其他的修改、变化、应用和实施例,并且因此认为所有这样的修改、变化、应用、实施例都在本发明的精神和教导范围内。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to describe the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit the technical methods of the present invention. The present invention can be extended to other modifications, changes, applications and embodiments in application, and therefore it is considered that all such Modifications, changes, applications, and embodiments are all within the spirit and teaching scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of parallel production method of M sequence, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1) recurrence formula x (n+r)=c of M sequence is obtainedqx(n+q)^…^c1x(n+1)^x1(n), degree of parallelism w is determined, input is just Gather as initial known M sequence position the M sequence position of beginning;Wherein, r is generator polynomial exponent number, cqIt is in generator polynomial The coefficient of each single item, and cq∈ { 0,1 }, N are the length for the M sequence to be generated, " ^ " table wherein between generator polynomial items Show that " mould 2 adds " operation, q are equal to the corresponding serial number of highest power item that coefficient is 1;
2) the synchronous known M sequence position of w groups of reading is synchronized as input data according to recurrence formula in gathering from known M sequence position The roads w recurrence calculation is carried out, original w unknown M sequence position is obtained;Wherein, M sequence position known to one group corresponds to recursion meter all the way Each power item in the recurrence formula calculated on the right side of equal sign;
3) known M sequence position set is added in step 2) institute's calculated w M sequence position, and this w M sequence bit synchronization is defeated Go out, then re-executes step 2) to calculate next group of w unknown M sequence positions.
2. the parallel production method of M sequence according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1), the degree of parallelism W is not more than maximum parallelism degree P=r-q, and wherein r indicates that the exponent number of the recurrence formula, q indicate the right side highest power of recurrence formula The serial number of secondary item.
3. the parallel production method of M sequence according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step 1), the M sequence For the second M sequence in the first M sequence or LTE protocol in LTE protocol.
4. a kind of parallel generation device of M sequence for realizing the parallel production method of M sequence described in claim 1, wherein M sequences The exponent number of the recurrence formula of row is r, the serial number q of the highest power item in the recurrence formula on the right side of equal sign, then the M Sequential parallel generation device includes being denoted as r register of 0~r-1 registers respectively, and remember 0~w-1 recursion respectively W recursive operation unit of arithmetic element, wherein w is not more than maximum parallelism degree P=r-q, and r, q, w are natural number;
Wherein, each register includes output end, input terminal and clock end;Corresponding power term coefficient is not 0 i-th~i+ The output end of the output end of q registers and No. i-th register is linked into the input terminal of No. i-th recursive operation unit simultaneously, and i-th Number recursive operation unit is used to complete the operation of the i-th road recurrence formula, and the output end of No. i-th recursive operation unit connect i-th+ The input terminal of r-w registers, forms first group of feedback line, and wherein i is that 0 to w-1 integer is enumerated;
The input terminal of the output end connection jth register of jth+w registers, forms second group of feedback line, wherein j is 0 Integer to r-w-1 is enumerated.
5. the parallel generation device of M sequence according to claim 4, which is characterized in that 0~w-1 registers it is defeated Output end of the outlet as M sequence position.
6. the parallel generation device of M sequence according to claim 5, which is characterized in that 0~w-1 registers are each Parallel output w M sequence code of period.
7. a kind of parallel production method of M sequence, the parallel production method of M sequence is real based on the vectorial DSP with SIMD architecture It is existing;
Wherein, recurrence formula x (n+r)=c of M sequenceqx(n+q)^…^c1x(n+1)^x1(n) exponent number is r, and the recursion is public The serial number q of highest power item in formula on the right side of equal sign, then the vector length of vector instruction is w in DSP, and w is simultaneously no more than maximum Row degree P=r-q, wherein r, q, w are natural number;
Wherein, r is generator polynomial exponent number, cqIt is the coefficient of each single item in generator polynomial, and cq∈ { 0,1 }, N are to be given birth to At M sequence length, " ^ " expression wherein between generator polynomial items " mould 2 plus " operation, q is equal to the highest power that coefficient is 1 The corresponding serial number of secondary item;
The parallel production method of M sequence includes the following steps:
1) by repeatedly vector read instruction read from memory respectively M sequence position known to w groups at least two reading data to Measure register, wherein each reading data vector register receives w known M sequence positions;
2) and then the data in data vector register are read in by the instruction of vectorial xor operation to described at least two to carry out Xor operation obtains w new M sequence positions, and output data vector registor is written in vectorial xor operation result;
3) by vectorial store instruction then the corresponding position in the data buffer storage to memory of output data vector registor is returned Step 1) is returned, the calculating of next group of M sequence position is proceeded by.
8. the parallel production method of M sequence according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the M sequence is in LTE protocol The second M sequence in first M sequence or LTE protocol.
9. the parallel production method of M sequence according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the step 3) further includes:Passing through While vectorial store instruction is by corresponding position in the data buffer storage to memory of output data vector registor, by institute in memory W M sequence position of caching exports.
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CN108023661B (en) * 2016-10-31 2019-08-06 深圳市中兴微电子技术有限公司 A method and device for obtaining a pseudo-random sequence
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