CN105225715A - A kind of trunk type nuclear energy power generation device based on Stirling cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a suitcase-type nuclear power generation device based on Stirling cycle, which comprises: a reactor core, a control drum drive mechanism, a Stirling linear generator, a waste heat discharge device, a voltage regulator, a power output device and a shell body. The device puts the thermal cavity of the linear Stirling engine in the core fuel center, heats the working medium in the thermal cavity of the Stirling linear generator to take away the core heat; the heated working fluid pushes the Stirling engine to do work, and then It drives the linear repeated motion between the hot cavity and the cold cavity of the Stirling engine, and the movement of the connecting rod drives the linear generator to generate electricity. The waste heat generated by the core is exported through the heat pipe and connected to the heat pipe cooling plate arranged outside, and dissipated through the heat pipe cooling plate, and the fan driven by the external power source arranged on the heat pipe cooling plate can increase convection heat dissipation. The invention uses nuclear energy to provide a more durable and stable heat source for the Stirling thermal cavity. The system can run for a long time, with reliable performance, small size, light weight, strong mobility, and high power-to-mass ratio.

Description

A suitcase-type nuclear power generation device based on Stirling cycle

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power generation devices, and in particular relates to a suitcase-type nuclear power generation device.

Background technique

As an economical, safe, reliable and clean new energy, nuclear power generation is one of the important ways for human beings to obtain clean energy in the future, and it also has very good application prospects in the military. The development of micro-reactors originated from the support and development of the military strategy of the United States and the former Soviet Union. In the 1950s, the United States and the former Soviet Union attached great importance to the power supply of space nuclear reactors, and invested a lot of research funds to support the development of multiple equipment, and applied them to satellites and other equipment. At the same time, micro-reactor technology has also been developed rapidly.

Compared with traditional large-scale nuclear reactors, micro-reactors have the characteristics of small size, light weight, and simple operation, and adopt advanced core control methods, heat transfer methods and thermoelectric conversion methods. Microreactors can provide ample power for remote areas and large-scale exploration in the open air. In addition, in the future urban construction, the demand for energy is increasing. Due to the limitation of locations in big cities, it is impossible to build large-scale power stations, and nuclear power generation is one of the best choices for future clean energy. Therefore, micro-reactors development is also promising. At the same time, with the deepening of human exploration of outer space, the demand for energy supply is also increasing, and micro-reactors are one of the best options to meet this demand.

The Stirling engine has the advantages of wide energy adaptability and low energy level requirements. Because it is an external combustion engine, a variety of fuels can be used, ranging from coal, firewood, waste heat to solar energy. As long as the burner is properly improved, many heat sources can be utilized, which is difficult for internal combustion engines, such as solar power generation and water pumps that have been used abroad. So the Stirling engine is a good choice. The theoretical efficiency of the Stirling engine is the closest to the Carnot cycle efficiency, which only depends on the temperature of the hot end and the cold end, and the actual efficiency can reach 40%. Combining a nuclear reactor with a Stirling engine, the nuclear reactor as a heat source can provide the highest possible hot end temperature, and thus the efficiency will be greatly improved.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a suitcase-type nuclear power generation device, which is small in size, light in weight, strong in mobility and high in power-to-mass ratio, and can meet the power requirements for remote areas and large-scale outdoor exploration.

In order to achieve the above goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a suitcase-type nuclear power generation device based on Stirling cycle, including: reactor core, control drum drive mechanism, Stirling linear generator, waste heat waste heat discharge device , a voltage regulator, a power output device and a casing, the core includes fuel, heat pipe channels, a control drum and a reflective layer, the control drum is uniformly arranged in the reflective layer, and can rotate under the drive of the control drum drive mechanism, The Stirling linear generator includes a Stirling linear engine and a linear generator, and the Stirling linear engine includes a hot chamber, a cold chamber, a hot chamber piston, a cold chamber piston, a hot chamber connecting rod and a cold chamber The connecting rod, the hot chamber is arranged in the center of the core, the hot chamber piston and the cold chamber piston are respectively located in the hot chamber and the cold chamber, the linear generator includes permanent magnets and coils, and the two ends of the hot chamber connecting rod are respectively connected to the hot chamber The piston and the permanent magnet, the two ends of the connecting rod of the cold chamber are respectively connected to the piston and the coil of the cold chamber, the pipeline between the hot chamber and the cold chamber is connected, and the connecting pipeline between the hot chamber and the cold chamber is connected with a regenerator. The waste heat removal device includes an external power supply device, a fan, a heat pipe and a heat pipe scattering plate, and the heat pipe is led out from the heat pipe channel in the core through the shell and connected with the heat pipe cooling plate.

Further, the working medium in the Stirling linear engine is helium, and the linear generator is a cylindrical permanent magnet linear generator.

Further, the external power supply device adopts a battery capable of charging and discharging.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: The power generation device provided by the present invention uses a nuclear reactor as a heat source to drive a Stirling linear generator to generate electricity. Compared with other heat sources, nuclear energy can provide heat longer and more continuously and stably. Compared with fossil fuels, nuclear energy is cleaner, can reduce environmental pollution, and also reduce power generation costs. The device can run stably for a long time, the investment is relatively small, and it has a good marketing effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a suitcase-type nuclear power generation device based on Stirling cycle.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a trunk-type nuclear power generation device core based on Stirling cycle.

Symbols in the figure: 1-core; 2-control drum drive mechanism; 3-hot chamber; 4-hot chamber piston; 5-hot chamber connecting rod; 6-regenerator; 7-permanent magnet; 8-coil; 9 -cold end connecting rod; 10-cold chamber; 11-cold chamber piston; 12-voltage regulator; 13-power output device; 14-external power supply device; 15-fan; 16-heat pipe; 17-heat pipe cooling plate; - housing; 19 - fuel; 20 - heat pipe channel; 21 - control drum; 22 - reflective layer.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

A suitcase-type nuclear power generation device based on the Stirling cycle, comprising: a reactor core 1, a control drum drive mechanism 2, a Stirling linear generator, a waste heat discharge device, a voltage regulator 12, a power output device 13 and a casing body 18, the core includes fuel 19, heat pipe channels 20, control drum 21 and reflective layer 22, the control drum 21 is evenly arranged in the reflective layer 22, and can rotate under the drive of the control drum drive mechanism 2, the The Stirling linear generator comprises a Stirling linear engine and a linear generator, and the Stirling linear engine comprises a hot chamber 3, a cold chamber 10, a hot chamber piston 4, a cold chamber piston 11, and a hot chamber connecting rod 5 And the cold chamber connecting rod 9, the hot chamber 3 is arranged in the center of the core 1, the hot chamber piston 4 and the cold chamber piston 11 are respectively located in the hot chamber 3 and the cold chamber 10, and the linear generator includes a permanent magnet 7 and a coil 8 , the two ends of the hot chamber connecting rod 5 are respectively connected to the hot chamber piston 4 and the permanent magnet 7, the two ends of the cold chamber connecting rod 9 are respectively connected to the cold chamber piston 11 and the coil 8, and the hot chamber 3 and the cold chamber 10 are connected by pipelines, A regenerator 6 is connected to the communication pipeline between the hot chamber 3 and the cold chamber 10. The waste heat discharge device includes an external power supply device 14, a fan 15, a heat pipe 16 and a heat pipe scattering plate 17. The heat pipe 16 is formed by the core 1 The heat pipe channels 20 in the heat pipe lead out through the housing 18 and connect with the heat pipe cooling plate 17 .

The device is the size of a suitcase and constitutes a critical reactor energy system, which can be arranged on any movable carrier and can be used anytime and anywhere. In this example, the hot chamber 3 of the Stirling engine is arranged in the core fuel 19 area, the hot chamber piston 4 is connected with the linear generator permanent magnet 7 by the hot chamber connecting rod 5, and the cold chamber piston 11 is connected by the cold chamber connecting rod 9 It is connected with the linear generator coil 8, and the linear generator is arranged between the hot chamber 3 and the cold chamber 6; there is a pipeline between the hot chamber 3 and the cold chamber 6, and a looper 6 is connected to the pipeline; the heat pipe 14 is connected by the heat pipe channel 20 is led out through the casing 18 and then connected to the heat pipe cooling plate 17 arranged on the casing; a certain channel is left between the casing 18 and the heat pipe cooling plate 17, and the control drive mechanism 2 is arranged on the right side of the core, passing through the reflective layer It is connected with the control drum 17 and drives the rotation of the control drum 17 through the control drive mechanism 2 .

The thermal energy generated by the action of fuel 19 in the core heats the working fluid in the hot chamber 3, and the working fluid in the hot chamber 3 expands when heated, driving the hot chamber piston 4 to move toward the cold chamber 6, and the piston 4 in the hot chamber moves upward At the dead point, the cold chamber 6 is compressed to the smallest volume and releases heat at a constant volume; then the hot chamber piston 4 moves toward the hot chamber 3, compressing the hot chamber 3, and isothermally compresses; the hot chamber piston 4 moves to the bottom dead center, and the hot chamber 3 Absorb the heat generated by the core fuel 19, absorb heat at a constant volume, and then expand to do work to complete a cycle; the movement of the hot chamber piston 4 and the cold chamber piston 11 drives the repeated movement of the hot chamber connecting rod 5 and the cold chamber connecting rod 9, thereby Drive the repeated motion of the linear generator permanent magnet 7 and the coil 8 connected to the hot cavity connecting rod 5 and the cold cavity connecting rod 9 to generate electricity.

When the suitcase-type nuclear power generation device reaches the required area, then the reactor can reach a critical state by controlling the rotation of the control drum 21 by controlling the drive mechanism 2 . A set of control drive mechanism 2 can only adjust one control drum 21, and the control drum 21 is arranged in the radial reflection layer. Utilize the heat pipe 16 arranged in the heat pipe channel of the core fuel area to export the waste heat, and connect with the heat pipe cooling plate 17 arranged outside the trunk to dissipate heat, and the fan 15 arranged under the heat pipe cooling plate 17 can dissipate heat through the casing 18 and the heat pipe The channels between the heat sinks 17 accelerate the convective heat exchange between the heat pipe cooling plate 17 and the air, ensuring the cooling of the core. Fan 15 is powered by external power supply device 14, and external power supply device 14 is a storage battery, which can be charged by the device itself under normal operating conditions.

Claims (3)

1. the trunk type nuclear energy power generation device based on Stirling cycle, comprise: nuclear reactor, Stirling linear electric generator, residual heat removal facility, power transmission device and housing (18), it is characterized in that, described nuclear reactor comprises fuel (19), heat pipe passage (20), control drum (21), control drum driving mechanism (2) and reflection horizon (22), controlling drum (21) is arranged in reflection horizon (22) uniformly, can rotate under the driving controlling drum driving mechanism (2), described Stirling linear electric generator comprises Stirling linear motor and linear electric generator, described Stirling linear motor comprises hot chamber (3), cold chamber (10), hot chamber piston (4), cold chamber piston (11), hot chamber connecting rod (5) and cold chamber connecting rod (9), hot chamber (3) is arranged in reactor core (1) center, hot chamber piston (4) and cold chamber piston (11) lay respectively in hot chamber (3) and cold chamber (10), described linear electric generator comprises permanent magnet (7) and coil (8), the two ends in hot chamber connecting rod (5) connect hot chamber piston (4) and permanent magnet (7) respectively, the two ends in cold chamber connecting rod (9) connect cold chamber piston (11) and coil (8) respectively, pipeline connection between hot chamber (3) and cold chamber (10), regenerator (6) is connected in connecting pipeline between hot chamber (3) and cold chamber (10), described residual heat removal facility comprises external power device (14), fan (15), heat pipe (16) and heat pipe heat radiation plate (17), heat pipe (16) is drawn by the heat pipe passage (20) in reactor core (1) and is connected with heat pipe heat radiation plate (17) through housing (18), heat pipe heat radiation plate (17) is arranged in the outside of housing (18), and and leave passage between housing (18), fan (15) and external power device (14) are arranged in the below of passage between housing (18) and heat pipe heat radiation plate (17), described power transmission device comprises voltage regulator (12), power output end mouth (13).

2. a kind of trunk type nuclear energy power generation device based on Stirling cycle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described hot chamber of Stirling linear motor (3), acting working medium selects helium, and described linear electric generator adopts cylinder type permanent magnet linear generator.

3. a kind of trunk type nuclear energy power generation device based on Stirling cycle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described external power device (14) adopts the accumulator of energy discharge and recharge.