CN105160144B - A kind of monitoring method suitable for soft-medium explosion bulge and blast chamber motion - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及爆破领域，主要涉及一种适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法，包括：第一步：爆破模拟介质造型；第二步：在上述第一步得到的待爆模拟介质一侧设置观察窗，并在观察窗前布置监测记录设备；第三步：钻孔埋药；第四步：爆破监测；第五步：数据处理。本发明的适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法施工简单、工期短、费用省，能有效的对爆腔运动进行监测。The present invention relates to the field of blasting, and mainly relates to a monitoring method suitable for soft medium blasting bulge and blast cavity movement, including: the first step: blasting simulation medium modeling; the second step: the simulated medium to be blasted obtained in the first step Set up an observation window on one side, and arrange monitoring and recording equipment in front of the observation window; the third step: drilling and embedding explosives; the fourth step: blasting monitoring; the fifth step: data processing. The monitoring method suitable for soft medium blasting bulge and blasting chamber movement of the present invention has the advantages of simple construction, short construction period and low cost, and can effectively monitor the blasting chamber movement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于爆破领域，主要涉及一种适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法。The invention belongs to the field of blasting, and mainly relates to a monitoring method suitable for the movement of a soft medium blasting drum and blasting cavity.
背景技术Background technique
地基处理中，地下桩的爆破扩腔，起到挤压密实桩基周围介质，增大桩洞尺寸，减小挖掘工作量的目的；边坡爆破整形处理技术中缓坡台阶爆破时，采用多次爆破扩腔增大炮孔下部的装药量，使炸药的爆炸能在待爆岩体内得到均匀分布，一次性进行剥离削顶；In the foundation treatment, the blasting and expansion of the underground pile can squeeze the medium around the pile foundation, increase the size of the pile hole, and reduce the excavation workload; Explosive cavity expansion increases the amount of charge in the lower part of the blast hole, so that the explosion energy of the explosive can be evenly distributed in the rock body to be blasted, and the top can be peeled off at one time;
爆破挤淤技术作为挤淤置换法的一种，近年来得到了迅速的发展。爆破挤淤技术最初称为“爆炸排淤填石法”，就是在抛石体外缘一定距离和深度的淤泥质软基中埋放药包群，起爆瞬间在淤泥中形成空腔，抛石体随即坍塌充填空腔形成“石舌”，达到置换淤泥的目的。经多次推进爆破，即可达到最终置换要求。该方法可用于防波堤、护岸、沿海贮灰场围堤、围海造地以及沿海养殖围堤等水工工程的淤泥质软基处理。由于该技术与常规施工工艺相比，不需要大型施工机械和复杂的施工技术，消耗人力少，既能缩短工期又能节约投资，其应用范围越来越广，在铁路、高速公路、港口、机场、核电站等建设中都发挥了重要作用。对爆破挤淤的机理研究，目前尚无统一认识，需要进一步研究。As a kind of silting replacement method, blasting silting technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The technology of blasting and squeezing silt was originally called "explosive desilting and rock filling method". It is to bury a group of explosives in a muddy soft foundation at a certain distance and depth on the outer edge of the riprap. Then it collapses and fills the cavity to form a "stone tongue" to replace the silt. The final replacement requirements can be achieved after several times of advancing blasting. The method can be used for treating the silt soft foundation of hydraulic engineering such as breakwaters, bank revetments, embankments of coastal ash storage yards, land reclamation and coastal breeding embankments. Compared with conventional construction techniques, this technology does not require large-scale construction machinery and complex construction techniques, consumes less manpower, can shorten the construction period and save investment, and its application range is becoming wider and wider. It is used in railways, highways, ports, It has played an important role in the construction of airports and nuclear power plants. There is still no unified understanding of the mechanism of blasting silting, and further research is needed.
爆腔广泛用于药壶爆破扩腔、淤泥挤压爆破、软土爆破压密和建造大型建筑物的基础、地下仓库、防卫掩体等。由于爆腔应用价值大，已有不少学者对爆腔的形成进行了大量的研究。以炸药为能源的土壤中爆炸形成空腔，其成型模型较多。这是因为土是矿物颗粒、水和空气组成的一种三相介质，土的结构很复杂，种类也非常多，并各有自相应的爆炸变形规律。甚至对于同一种土质，在不同条件(例如孔隙中水和气体含量)下，也遵循不同的变形规律。因此，不同的地质条件，爆腔形成过程的差异很大。目前，采用爆腔体积用剖面法和注水法两种方法测量，其误差较大，观察不到扩腔的动态过程，且不利于爆破实验数据的采集。Explosion cavity is widely used in medicine pot blasting cavity expansion, silt extrusion blasting, soft soil blasting compaction and construction of foundations for large buildings, underground warehouses, defense bunkers, etc. Due to the great application value of the explosion cavity, many scholars have done a lot of research on the formation of the explosion cavity. Explosion in the soil with explosives as the energy source forms cavities, and there are many molding models. This is because soil is a three-phase medium composed of mineral particles, water and air. The structure of soil is very complex, and there are many types, and each has its own corresponding law of explosive deformation. Even for the same soil quality, different deformation laws are followed under different conditions (such as water and gas content in pores). Therefore, the formation process of the blast cavity is very different under different geological conditions. At present, two methods are used to measure the volume of the explosion cavity, the profile method and the water injection method, the error is relatively large, the dynamic process of cavity expansion cannot be observed, and it is not conducive to the collection of blasting experimental data.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法，有效的解决了现有技术中难以观察到爆破扩腔的动态过程，且测量误差大，不利于爆破实验数据的采集的缺陷。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a monitoring method suitable for the movement of soft medium blasting bulge and blast cavity, which effectively solves the problem that it is difficult to observe the dynamic process of blasting cavity expansion in the prior art, and the measurement error is large, which is not conducive to Defects in the collection of blasting experiment data.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法，包括如下步骤：The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a monitoring method suitable for soft medium blasting bulge and blast chamber movement, comprising the following steps:
第一步：爆破介质造型，具体为，采用软介质堆积进行夯实、造型，得到待爆模拟介质，并采用标准贯入试验测试待爆模拟介质的密实度，使得该待爆介质的密实度与实际待测的软介质的密度相匹配(即为相等)，其中待测软介质为淤泥、软土等地质结构；The first step: modeling of blasting medium, specifically, use soft medium accumulation for compaction and modeling to obtain the simulated medium to be blasted, and use standard penetration test to test the compactness of the simulated medium to be blasted, so that the density of the medium to be blasted is the same as The actual density of the soft medium to be tested matches (that is, equal), and the soft medium to be tested is geological structures such as silt and soft soil;
第二步：在上述第一步中得到的待爆模拟介质一侧设置观察窗，并在观察窗前布置监测记录设备；The second step: setting an observation window on one side of the simulated medium to be exploded obtained in the above first step, and arranging monitoring and recording equipment in front of the observation window;
第三步：钻孔埋药，具体为：The third step: drilling and embedding medicine, specifically:
步骤s1：在待爆模拟介质的表面垂直向下进行钻孔；Step s1: drilling vertically downward on the surface of the simulated medium to be exploded;
步骤s2：由步骤s1的钻孔向待爆模拟介质内部放置炸药，同步测量埋药深度W、及炸药距上述第二步中观察窗的水平距离d；Step s2: placing explosives from the borehole in step s1 to the inside of the simulated medium to be exploded, and synchronously measuring the buried depth W and the horizontal distance d between the explosives and the observation window in the second step above;
步骤s3：填充上述钻孔并夯实；Step s3: filling the above-mentioned drill holes and compacting them;
第四步：爆破监测，具体为：起爆上述第三步中的炸药，同步通过第二步中观察窗前的监测记录设备对爆炸扩腔、鼓包运动、抛掷过程进行监测，测量获取爆腔半径r、鼓包半径R1；The fourth step: Blasting monitoring, specifically: detonate the explosives in the third step above, and simultaneously monitor the explosion cavity expansion, drum movement, and throwing process through the monitoring and recording equipment in front of the observation window in the second step, and measure and obtain the radius of the blast cavity r, bulge radius R1;
第五步：数据处理，具体为：根据上述第三步及第四步得到的数据，计算得到实际爆腔半径R和抵抗线压缩量△W，并得到压缩比I。The fifth step: data processing, specifically: according to the data obtained in the third and fourth steps above, calculate the actual blast cavity radius R and resistance line compression △W, and obtain the compression ratio I.
本发明的有益效果是：该方法施工简单、工期短、费用省，利于观察爆腔运动及爆破鼓包的过程，测量结果准确，便于研究人员对爆腔运动进行研究。The beneficial effects of the invention are: the method has simple construction, short construction period and low cost, is beneficial to observe the movement of the blasting chamber and the process of blasting bulging, has accurate measurement results, and is convenient for researchers to study the movement of the blasting chamber.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
进一步，上述软介质为砂土。Further, the above-mentioned soft medium is sandy soil.
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是便于实验造型及实验。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that it is convenient for experimental modeling and experimentation.
进一步，在上述实际爆腔半径的计算中，利用公式确定实际爆腔半径R。Further, in the calculation of the above-mentioned actual explosion cavity radius, the formula Determine the actual blast cavity radius R.
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是可精确测量爆腔半径。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the radius of the explosion cavity can be accurately measured.
进一步，在上述抵抗线压缩量的计算中，利用公式ΔW＝W-(R1-R)确定抵抗线压缩量△W。Further, in the calculation of the above resistance line compression amount, the resistance line compression amount ΔW is determined by using the formula ΔW=W-(R 1 -R).
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是可精确测量抵抗性压缩量。The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the amount of resistive compression can be accurately measured.
进一步，在上述压缩比的计算中，利用公式I＝ΔW/W确定压缩比。Further, in the above calculation of the compression ratio, the compression ratio is determined using the formula I=ΔW/W.
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是可精确测量得到压缩比。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the compression ratio can be accurately measured.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例：本发明的适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法，包括如下步骤：Embodiment: The monitoring method applicable to soft medium blasting bulge and blast cavity movement of the present invention includes the following steps:
第一步：爆破介质造型，具体为，采用软介质堆积进行夯实、造型，得到待爆模拟介质，并采用标准贯入试验测试待爆模拟介质的密实度，使得该待爆介质的密实度与实际待测的软介质的密度相匹配(即为相等)，其中待测软介质为淤泥、软土等地质结构；The first step: modeling of blasting medium, specifically, use soft medium accumulation for compaction and modeling to obtain the simulated medium to be blasted, and use standard penetration test to test the compactness of the simulated medium to be blasted, so that the density of the medium to be blasted is the same as The actual density of the soft medium to be tested matches (that is, equal), and the soft medium to be tested is geological structures such as silt and soft soil;
第二步：在上述第一步中得到的待爆模拟介质一侧设置观察窗，并在观察窗前布置监测记录设备；The second step: setting an observation window on one side of the simulated medium to be exploded obtained in the above first step, and arranging monitoring and recording equipment in front of the observation window;
第三步：钻孔埋药，具体为：The third step: drilling and embedding medicine, specifically:
步骤s1：在待爆模拟介质的表面垂直向下进行钻孔；Step s1: drilling vertically downward on the surface of the simulated medium to be exploded;
步骤s2：由步骤s1的钻孔向待爆模拟介质内部放置炸药，同步测量埋药深度W、及炸药距上述第二步中观察窗的水平距离d；Step s2: placing explosives from the borehole in step s1 to the inside of the simulated medium to be exploded, and synchronously measuring the buried depth W and the horizontal distance d between the explosives and the observation window in the second step above;
步骤s3：填充上述钻孔并夯实；Step s3: filling the above-mentioned drill holes and compacting them;
第四步：爆破监测，具体为：起爆上述第三步中的炸药，同步通过第二步中观察窗前的监测记录设备对爆炸扩腔、鼓包运动、抛掷过程进行监测，测量获取爆腔半径r、鼓包半径R1；The fourth step: Blasting monitoring, specifically: detonate the explosives in the third step above, and simultaneously monitor the explosion cavity expansion, drum movement, and throwing process through the monitoring and recording equipment in front of the observation window in the second step, and measure and obtain the radius of the blast cavity r, bulge radius R1;
第五步：数据处理，具体为：根据上述第三步及第四步得到的数据，计算得到实际爆腔半径R和抵抗线压缩量△W，并得到压缩比I。The fifth step: data processing, specifically: according to the data obtained in the third and fourth steps above, calculate the actual blast cavity radius R and resistance line compression △W, and obtain the compression ratio I.
上述软介质为砂土。The above-mentioned soft medium is sandy soil.
在上述实际爆腔半径的计算中，利用公式确定实际爆腔半径R。In the calculation of the actual explosion cavity radius above, the formula Determine the actual blast cavity radius R.
在上述抵抗线压缩量的计算中，利用公式ΔW＝W-(R1-R)确定抵抗线压缩量△W。In the above calculation of the resistance line compression amount, the resistance line compression amount ΔW is determined by using the formula ΔW=W-(R 1 -R).
在上述压缩比的计算中，利用公式I＝ΔW/W确定压缩比。In the above calculation of the compression ratio, the compression ratio is determined using the formula I=ΔW/W.
本发明的爆腔运动的数据如下：The data of the explosion cavity motion of the present invention are as follows:
爆源距玻璃的垂直距离d＝5cmThe vertical distance between the explosion source and the glass d=5cm
1、爆源深度w＝12.5cm，时间间隔t＝0.004s1. Detonation source depth w=12.5cm, time interval t=0.004s
2、爆源深度w＝15cm，时间间隔t＝0.004s2. Detonation source depth w=15cm, time interval t=0.004s
上述中抵抗线压缩量只是实验中抵抗线的变化值，不能用来作为衡量压缩程度，反映压缩程度的量应为压缩比，即单位长度上介质的变化量，根据压缩比和监测的鼓包运动数据，该值可以估算相同介质、相同密实度条件下爆腔的尺寸变化，也可以通过压缩比的变化曲线反映气体做功与逃逸的过程；当计算得到的压缩量增加时，表明抵抗线方向的介质受冲击压缩向上运动，当压缩量开始下降，表明压缩的介质开始开裂扩容，气体即将逃逸。The compression amount of the above-mentioned medium resistance line is only the change value of the resistance line in the experiment, and cannot be used to measure the degree of compression. The amount reflecting the degree of compression should be the compression ratio, that is, the change amount of the medium per unit length. According to the compression ratio and the monitored bulge movement Data, this value can estimate the size change of the explosion cavity under the same medium and the same density condition, and can also reflect the process of gas work and escape through the change curve of the compression ratio; when the calculated compression increases, it shows that the direction of the resistance line The medium is impacted and compressed and moves upwards. When the compression volume begins to decrease, it indicates that the compressed medium begins to crack and expand, and the gas is about to escape.
本发明的适用于软介质爆破鼓包与爆腔运动的监测方法施工简单、工期短、费用省，能有效的对爆腔运动进行监测。The monitoring method suitable for soft medium blasting bulge and blasting chamber movement of the present invention has the advantages of simple construction, short construction period and low cost, and can effectively monitor the blasting chamber movement.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. monitoring method suitable for soft-medium explosion bulge and blast chamber motion, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：The first step：Blasting simulation medium moulding, it is specially：Tamped using soft-medium accumulation, moulding, obtain treating that quick-fried simulation is situated between Matter；Second step：Treat that quick-fried simulation medium side sets observation window what the above-mentioned first step obtained, and monitoring is arranged before observation window Recording equipment；3rd step：Medicine is buried in drilling, is specially：Step s1：Drilled vertically downward on the surface for treating quick-fried simulation medium；Step s2：From step s1 drilling to explosive inside quick-fried simulation medium is treated, synchro measure buries medicine depth W and explosive Horizontal range d away from observation window in above-mentioned second step；Step s3：Fill above-mentioned drilling and tamp；4th step：Blast monitoring, it is specially：Explosive in above-mentioned 3rd step of detonating, before synchronization is by observation window in second step Monitoring record equipment is monitored to blast springing, palliation care, throwing process, and measurement obtains space radius r, bulge radius R1；5th step：Data processing, it is specially：The data obtained according to above-mentioned 3rd step and the 4th step, are calculated actual blast chamber Radius R and burden decrement △ W, and obtain compression ratio I；Wherein, in the calculating of the actual space radius, formula is utilizedIt is determined that actual space radius R；In the calculating of the burden decrement, formula Δ W=W- (R are utilized1- R) determine burden decrement △ W.
- 2. the monitoring method according to claim 1 suitable for soft-medium explosion bulge and blast chamber motion, it is characterised in that： The soft-medium is sand.
- 3. the monitoring method according to claim 1 or 2 suitable for soft-medium explosion bulge and blast chamber motion, its feature exists In：In the calculating of the compression ratio, compression ratio is determined using formula I=Δs W/W.
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| US5724311A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1998-03-03 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for the long-term seismic monitoring of an underground area containing fluids |
| CN102635108A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-08-15 | 天津大学 | Process for treating valley silt soft foundation in mountain area by explosion method |
| CN104179525A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-03 | 河南永华能源有限公司 | Coal mine blasting blindage and application of coal mine blasting blindage |
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| US20050066836A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-31 | Yigal Levi | Method for controlling explosions in open mines |
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| US5724311A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1998-03-03 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method and device for the long-term seismic monitoring of an underground area containing fluids |
| CN102635108A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-08-15 | 天津大学 | Process for treating valley silt soft foundation in mountain area by explosion method |
| CN104179525A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-03 | 河南永华能源有限公司 | Coal mine blasting blindage and application of coal mine blasting blindage |
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| 《Blast response of a lined cavity in a porous saturated soil》;V.R.Feldgun 等;《International Journal of Impact Engineering》;20070714;第35卷;全文 * |
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