CN105157663A - Convergence measurement device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a convergence measurement device and method. The device consists of a pulley frame, a diverting pulley installed on the pulley frame, a test rope wound on the diversion pulley, a counterweight suspended at the end of the test rope, and a counterweight arranged under the counterweight. The electromechanical dial indicator and the magnetic table frame used to fix the electromechanical dial indicator are combined; the present invention can increase the accuracy from 0.1mm to 0.01mm, and can observe and record the convergence deformation in real time through the electromechanical dial indicator. In addition, the test rope of the present invention has a small diameter and a slender shape of the counterweight, which can reduce the influence of wind on the measurement results during the test process, is less affected by external interference, and ensures measurement accuracy. The measurement distance can be from tens of centimeters to tens of meters, and the scope of application is wide. .

Description

A convergence measuring device and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface convergence measurement of tunnel sections, mine roadways, cofferdams, etc., and particularly relates to a convergence measurement device and method.

Background technique

Convergence measurement refers to the measurement of relative deformation and deformation law between two points. At present, convergence measurement is required for tunnel sections, mine roadways, cofferdams, etc. Most of the current convergence test methods or convergence instruments use measuring tools such as tape measure, tower ruler, measuring line and weight to directly measure the distance between the side or top and bottom of roadways, tunnel sections, cofferdams, etc. Distance, because the height is inconvenient to observe the readings, usually the data can be read with the help of tools such as mirrors, and it requires the cooperation of multiple people to complete the work. Therefore, there are large measurement errors, low work efficiency, and low measurement accuracy during the measurement process and other defects, so there are limitations in the application in actual engineering measurement.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned convergence measurement technology, the present invention provides a convergence measurement device that uses a steering pulley to change the direction of convergence deformation, is less affected by external interference, has a simple structure, and is convenient for observation.

The invention also provides a convergence measuring method with high measuring precision and convenient reading.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention in order to achieve the above object is: the device is composed of a pulley frame, a diverting pulley installed on the pulley frame, a test rope wound on the diversion pulley, a counterweight suspended at the end of the test rope, and a counterweight arranged on the counterweight. The electromechanical dial indicator under the weight and the magnetic table frame used to fix the electromechanical dial indicator are combined; the test rope bypasses the steering pulley and turns 90°, extending downward from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and the electromechanical dial indicator distributed under the counterweight The measuring rod of the dial gauge is on the same straight line as the central axis of the counterweight and the test rope above the counterweight.

The above-mentioned counterweight is composed of a body and a suspension ring set at the top center of the body. A screw hole is processed on the top of the body, which is connected with the suspension ring through threads. A groove is processed at the center of the bottom of the body. The measuring rod of the dial indicator Extend into the groove of the body.

The ratio of the body height of the counterweight to the diameter of the bottom end surface is 2:1-3:1.

The body of the above-mentioned counterweight is a truncated cone or a cylinder, and the test rope is a lead wire or a steel wire rope.

The method for carrying out convergence measurement with the above-mentioned device is realized by the following steps:

(1) Fix the free end of the test rope on the test point A of the test structure, fix the pulley frame on the test point B of the test structure, and test point A and test point B are on the same horizontal line;

(2) The other end of the test rope bypasses the steering pulley on the pulley frame and extends vertically downward. The counterweight suspended at the other end of the test rope will straighten the test rope under the action of gravity, and the electromechanical percentage fixed at the bottom of the counterweight The table tests the initial displacement value L ₀ in the vertical direction before the convergence deformation between the test point A and the test point B;

(3) After t hours, t>1, the test structure between test point A and test point B produces convergent deformation, and the horizontal direction convergent deformation is converted into vertical displacement through the steering pulley, and the test rope moves in the horizontal direction The counterweight is driven to move in the vertical direction, and the movement of the counterweight causes the movement of the measuring rod of the electromechanical dial indicator. The displacement transformation is converted into an angle change through the electromechanical dial indicator. Through the pointer indication, the value of the electromechanical dial indicator is read in real time, and Recorded as L _i ;

(4) Through the formula L _i -L ₀ = ΔL _i ', the measured convergence value ΔL _i ' corresponding to the test structure after t hours can be calculated;

(5) Correct the convergent measured value of step (4) according to the following formula,

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lsqb;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&rsqb;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}$

In the formula: G is the weight of counterweight 4;

q is the self-weight evenly distributed along the arc length of the convergence test rope;

S is the horizontal distance between the two test points A and B;

Determine the final convergent true value: ΔL _{i =} ΔL _i '-δ.

The above-mentioned test point A and test point B are in the same section of the test structure.

The convergence measurement device and method provided by the present invention use a pulley to convert the horizontal convergence deformation of the test rope into a vertical displacement, and use the counterweight to pull the test rope to reflect the convergence deformation through the reading of the electromechanical dial indicator, thereby facilitating Observing and reading the data and correcting the data eliminates the sag effect caused by the self-weight of the test rope, making the measurement result accurate and reliable.

Compared with the existing technology, the accuracy can be increased from 0.1mm to 0.01mm, and the convergence deformation can be observed and recorded in real time through the electromechanical dial indicator. In addition, the test rope of the present invention has a small diameter and a slender counterweight shape , can reduce the impact of wind on the measurement results during the test process, and is less affected by external interference, ensuring measurement accuracy. The measurement distance can be from tens of centimeters to tens of meters, and the scope of application is wide.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the convergence measurement device of Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the counterweight 4 in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the counterweight 4 of the embodiment 2.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following implementation situations.

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 1 , the convergence measurement device of this embodiment is composed of a pulley frame 1 , a diverting pulley 2 , a test rope 3 , a counterweight 4 , an electromechanical dial gauge 5 and a magnetic gauge frame 6 .

The pulley frame 1 and the diverting pulley 2 of the present embodiment belong to conventional components, and the test rope 3 adopts a thin lead wire with a diameter of 0.7mm. Extending downwards, a 90° turn occurs, and a counterweight 4 is suspended at the lower end of the test rope 3. For the convenience of suspension, see FIG. 4-2 is a truncated conical structure with a taper of 0.5, a height of 10cm, an upper bottom diameter of 2cm, and a lower bottom diameter of 7cm, which can reduce the influence of wind force on the measurement results during the test. It is made of stainless steel. Use to adjust the structural size of the counterweight 4. A screw hole is processed on the top of the body 4-2, and the bottom end of the lifting ring 4-1 extends to the screw hole of the body 4-2 to connect with the body 4-2 through threads, and is also processed at the center of the bottom of the body 4-2 There is a groove, and an electromechanical dial indicator 5 is fixedly installed on the magnetic table frame 6 below the body 4-2. The measuring rod of the electromechanical dial indicator 5 extends into the groove of the body 4-2, so that the body 4 -2 When the displacement changes in the vertical direction, it will cause the measuring rod to move in a straight line, which is reflected by the pointer of the electromechanical dial indicator 5.

When using the above-mentioned convergence measuring device to measure the convergence on both sides of the mine roadway, the specific method is realized by the following steps:

(1) Fix the free end of the test rope 3 at the test point A on the left side wall of the mine roadway, fix the steering pulley 2 frame 1 on the right side wall of the mine roadway at the test point B, test point A and test point B is on the same horizontal line and in the same section;

(2) The other end of the test rope 3 bypasses the turn pulley 290 ° of the turn pulley 2 frame 1, and extends vertically downwards. The counterweight 4 suspended at the end of the test rope 3 will straighten the test rope 3 under the action of gravity and fix it. The electromechanical dial gauge 5 at the bottom of the counterweight 4 tests out the initial displacement value L ₀ in the vertical direction before the convergence deformation between the test point A and the test point B;

(3) After t hours, the test structure between the test point A and the test point B produces a convergent deformation, and the horizontal convergent deformation is converted into a vertical displacement through the steering pulley 2, and the test rope 3 moves in the horizontal direction and affects The counterweight 4 is displaced in the vertical direction, and the movement of the counterweight 4 causes the measuring rod of the electromechanical dial indicator 5 to move, and the displacement transformation is converted into an angle change through the electromechanical dial indicator 5. Through the pointer indication, the electromechanical dial indicator 5 is read in real time and recorded as L _i ;

(4) Calculate the convergence value ΔL _i ' corresponding to the test structure after t hours through the formula L _i -L ₀ = ΔL _i ';

(5) Correct the convergence measured value of step (4) according to the following formula, because the self-weight of the convergence test rope 3 makes it produce a certain sag, resulting in the convergence of the test rope 3 measured at time t in the above-mentioned steps (4) The amount of change is not equal to the actual convergence of points A and B. Therefore, when calculating the convergence value, this sag effect needs to be considered to exclude the error caused by the sag of the test rope 3. The error formula is shown in the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lsqb;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&rsqb;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}$

In the formula: G is the weight of counterweight 4;

q is the self-weight evenly distributed along the arc length of the convergence test rope 3;

S is the horizontal distance between the two test points A and B;

Determine the final convergent true value: ΔL _{i =} ΔL _i '-δ.

Example 2

Referring to Fig. 3, the counterweight 4 body 4-2 of the present embodiment can also be a cylinder, its height is 12cm, and its diameter is 4cm, it is guaranteed to be a slender structure, and the test rope 3 can also be replaced with a steel wire rope.

Other components and their connections are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

The convergence measurement method of this embodiment is also the same as that of Embodiment 1.

The shape and size of the counterweight 4 in the above embodiment can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and it is not limited to the above-mentioned specifications and shapes, but if the ratio of its height to the diameter of the bottom end surface is within the range of 2:1 to 3:1, the affected The external interference is small, and the influence of the error of the counterweight 4 itself on the measurement value is relatively small, ensuring more accurate measurement results.

Claims (6)

1. A convergence measuring device, characterized in that: the device is composed of a pulley frame (1), a diverting pulley (2) mounted on the pulley frame (1), a test rope (3) wound on the diverting pulley (2) ), the counterweight (4) suspended at the end of the test rope (3), the electromechanical dial indicator (5) set under the counterweight (4), and the magnetic stand for fixing the electromechanical dial indicator (5) (6 ) combination; the test rope (3) turns around the steering pulley (2) at 90°, extends downward from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and the electromechanical dial indicator (5) measuring rod and the measuring rod distributed under the counterweight (4) The central axis of the counterweight (4) and the test rope (3) above the counterweight (4) are on the same straight line. 2. The convergence measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the counterweight (4) is composed of the body (4-2) and the lifting ring (4-1) arranged at the center of the top of the body (4-2) ), a screw hole is processed on the top of the body (4-2), connected with the lifting ring (4-1) through threads, and a groove is processed at the center of the bottom of the body (4-2). The rod extends into the groove of the body (4-2). 3. The convergence measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the height of the body (4-2) of the counterweight (4) to the diameter of the bottom end surface is 2:1˜3:1. 4. The convergence measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the body (4-2) of the counterweight (4) is a truncated cone or a cylinder, and the test rope (3) is a lead wire or a steel wire rope. 5. A convergence measurement method, characterized in that it is made up of the following steps: (1) Fix the free end of the test rope (3) to the test point A of the test structure, fix the pulley frame (1) to the test point B of the test structure, and test point A and test point B are on the same horizontal line; (2) The other end of the test rope (3) goes around the diverting pulley (2) of the pulley frame (1) and extends vertically downward, and the counterweight (4) suspended at the other end of the test rope (3) will The test rope (3) is straightened, and the electromechanical dial indicator (5) fixed at the bottom of the counterweight (4) measures the initial value of displacement L ₀ in the vertical direction between the test point A and the test point B before the convergence deformation; (3) After t hours, t>1, the test structure between the test point A and the test point B produces a convergent deformation, and the horizontal convergent deformation is converted into a vertical displacement through the steering pulley (2), and the test rope (3) Movement in the horizontal direction affects the displacement of the counterweight (4) in the vertical direction. The movement of the counterweight (4) causes the movement of the measuring rod of the electromechanical dial indicator (5), and the displacement is transformed by the electromechanical dial indicator (5). Converted to the angle change and indicated by the pointer, read the value of the electromechanical dial indicator (5) in real time, and record it as L _i ; (4) Through the formula L _i -L ₀ =ΔL _i ', the measured convergence value ΔL _i ' corresponding to the test structure after t hours can be calculated; (5) Correct the measured value of convergence in step (4) according to the following formula, $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lsqb;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; G</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sinh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cosh</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&rsqb;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}$ In the formula: G is the weight of counterweight 4; q is the self-weight evenly distributed along the arc length of the convergence test rope (3); S is the horizontal distance between the two test points A and B; Determine the true value of the final convergence: ΔL _{i =} ΔL _i '-δ. 6. The convergence measurement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the test point A and the test point B are in the same section of the test structure.