CN105149627A - Cylindrical turning bionic cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an excircle turning bionic cutter which is characterized in that the cutter head part of the bionic cutter is in a bionic shape of a beaver incisor. The bionic cutter changes the plane design of a cutting edge straight line and a rear cutter face of the traditional cutter, so that the bionic cutter can obtain the lowest cutting resistance and longer service life in the use process.

Description

A kind of bionic tool for turning outer circle

The application number is 2013104888826, the application date is October 18, 2013, the title of the invention is a kind of bionic tool for turning outer circle and its design method, and the applicant is a divisional application of the invention patent application of Anhui University.

technical field

The invention relates to a bionic cutter for turning an outer circle and a design method thereof, in particular to a bionic cutter imitating the topography of beaver incisors and a design method thereof.

Background technique

In the process of cutting various workpiece materials, optimizing the geometry of the tool, reducing the wear of the tool by the material to be cut, reducing the cutting resistance, improving the cutting efficiency, increasing the service life of the tool, and reducing the production cost are issues of great concern to people. .

Modern bionics research shows that after long-term evolution of many animals, their teeth, claws and body surfaces have gradually formed special geometric shapes, which have excellent biomechanical functions. And the life of the teeth is generally longer, therefore, it is of positive significance to optimize the geometric parameters of the tool according to the principle of bionics to improve the service life of the tool. At present, the cutting edge curves of traditional tools are mostly linear, and their flanks are also flat. The shape of the cutting edge of the tool affects the cutting efficiency of the tool, and the shape of the flank also affects the quality of the machined surface and the service life of the tool. has an important influence.

Invention content:

In order to further improve the cutting efficiency and service life of the tool, the invention provides a bionic tool for turning an outer circle and a design method thereof. By extracting the cutting edge curve of the bionic object beaver incisor and fitting it to obtain the cutting edge curve fitting equation, the fitting equation is applied to the cutting edge design of the bionic tool; The characteristic curves are extracted and fitted respectively to obtain the longitudinal characteristic curve fitting equation and the transverse characteristic curve fitting equation. The longitudinal characteristic curve fitting equation and the transverse characteristic curve fitting equation are applied to the blade design of the bionic tool.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving technical problems:

The structural feature of the bionic cutter for turning the outer circle of the present invention is that the cutter head of the bionic cutter is divided into a bionic shape of a beaver incisor.

The part of the cutter head of the outer circle bionic tool of the present invention has a rake face, a main flank face and a secondary flank face, and a main cutting edge between the rake face and the main flank face. The auxiliary cutting edge between the rake face and the auxiliary flank, the joint formed between the rake face, the main flank and the auxiliary flank is the tool tip point; its characteristics are:

The curve shape of the main cutting edge and the minor cutting edge is characterized by formula (1):

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0219</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6758</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.0193</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.7976</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.3143</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0571</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0039</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The main cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge of the bionic tool are projected on the tool base surface Pr, and an X ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinate system is defined on the tool base surface Pr, and the X ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinates The system is based on the starting point of the main cutting edge in the projection as the origin, the feed direction V _f of the bionic tool as the X axis, and the cutting depth of the tool in the base plane Pr of the bionic tool perpendicular to the feed direction V _f The direction is the direction of the Y axis; then in formula (1):

x ₁ is the coordinate value of the X-axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge;

y ₁ is the coordinate value of the Y-axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge;

The longitudinal curve of the main flank and the secondary flank of the bionic tool is characterized by formula (2):

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0071</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1402</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.1598</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5.2390</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 13.9423</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 22.0335</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 19.3451</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.2442</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.38212</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The longitudinal curve of the main flank and the secondary flank of the bionic tool refers to the longitudinal section line formed by the main flank and the secondary flank in the orthogonal plane Po of the tool; The X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is defined on the surface, and the X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is based on the intersection of the main cutting edge, the minor cutting edge and the orthogonal plane Po as the origin, and in the orthogonal plane Po with The opposite direction of the cutting speed Vc of the tool is the X ₂ -axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the cutting speed Vc is the Y ₂ -axis direction; in formula (2):

x ₂ is the X ₂ -axis coordinate value projected on the orthogonal plane Po by the longitudinal profile line on the main flank and auxiliary flank;

y ₂ is the Y ₂ -axis coordinate value projected on the orthogonal plane Po by the longitudinal profile line on the main flank and auxiliary flank;

The transverse curve of the main flank and the secondary flank of the bionic tool is characterized by formula (3):

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0026</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0032</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0248</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0210</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1849</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.2242</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0175</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The transverse curve of the main flank and the auxiliary flank of the bionic tool refers to the transverse curve formed by the main flank and the auxiliary flank in the transverse section parallel to the base plane Pr of the tool and passing through the point of the tool tip. Section line; define the X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system on the transverse section, the X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system is based on the intersection point of the tool tip and the transverse section as the origin, and the feed direction V _f of the tool The direction is the X-axis, and the cutting depth direction of the tool perpendicular to the feed direction _Vf in the tool base surface Pr is the Y-axis direction; then in formula (3):

x ₃ is the X ₃ -axis coordinate value of the projection of the transverse section line on the main flank and auxiliary flank on the transverse section;

y ₃ is the Y ₃ -axis coordinate value of the projection of the transverse section line on the main flank and auxiliary flank on the transverse section.

The present invention is characterized in that the method for obtaining the bionic shape of beaver incisor is to carry out as follows:

Step 1. Extract the three-dimensional cloud image of the beaver’s incisors through laser scanning, obtain the point cloud data of its surface geometric information, filter the obtained point cloud data according to the set method, and then export to generate a file in ASCⅡ code format, and use NURBS surface Constructing a curved surface as a base; constructing a topological rectangular grid on the basic construction surface, interactively defining feature lines, and constructing a three-dimensional surface model of beaver incisors using the rectangular data grid;

Step 2. On the three-dimensional surface model of the beaver incisor, determine the rake face of the beaver incisor, the main flank of the beaver incisor, the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor, the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor edge, and project the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor on the base surface of the beaver incisor to obtain a projection curve, and fit the projection curve to obtain the beaver incisor cutting edge curve fitting The equation is as formula (1);

Project the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor on the orthogonal plane of the beaver incisor and the transverse plane perpendicular to the orthogonal plane and parallel to the base plane to obtain the main flank of the beaver incisor and the longitudinal and transverse projection curves of the auxiliary flank of beaver incisors, the longitudinal and transverse projection curves are fitted respectively to obtain the longitudinal curve fitting equation of the main flank of beaver incisors and the auxiliary flank of beaver incisors as Equation (2), and the lateral curve fitting equation obtained from the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor are shown in Equation (3).

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in: the bionic tool of the present invention has high cutting efficiency, long service life and small cutting resistance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an outer circle turning tool and its cutting motion;

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the head of the outer circle turning tool;

Fig. 3 Orthogonal plane reference system of the cutting part of the outer circle turning tool;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional surface diagram of beaver front teeth;

Fig. 5 is the projection curve diagram of beaver incisor cutting edge;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal curve of the back of the beaver's incisors;

Figure 7 is a horizontal curve diagram of the back of the beaver's incisors;

Labels in the figure: 1 rake face, 2 main flank face, 3 pair of flank face, 4 main cutting edge, 5 pair of cutting edge, 6 tip point,

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the outer circle turning tool T and its cutting motion involved in this embodiment are schematically shown. Vc in Figure 1 is the main moving direction of the tool, Vf is the feeding direction of the tool, and _Ve is the composite moving direction of the tool.

In this embodiment, the cutter head of the outer circle bionic cutter is divided into the bionic shape of the beaver incisors;

As shown in Figure 2, the cutting part of the bionic tool in this embodiment has a rake face 1, a main flank face 2 and a secondary flank face 3, and the rake face 1 and the main flank face 2. The main cutting edge 4, the auxiliary cutting edge 5 between the rake face 1 and the auxiliary flank face 3, the intersection point formed by the rake face 1, the main flank face 2 and the auxiliary flank face 3 is the tool nose 6;

In the orthogonal plane reference system of the cutting part of the outer circle turning tool shown in Figure 3, Ps is the cutting plane, Po is the orthogonal plane, Pr is the base plane, Ar is the bottom plane, W is the workpiece,

In this embodiment, the curve shapes of the main cutting edge 4 and the minor cutting edge 5 are characterized by formula (1):

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0219</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6758</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.0193</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.7976</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.3143</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0571</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0039</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The main cutting edge 4 and the minor cutting edge 5 of the bionic tool are projected on the tool base surface Pr, and the X ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinate system is defined on the tool base surface Pr. The X ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinate system is Take the starting point of the main cutting edge 4 in the projection as the origin, take the tool feed direction _Vf as the X-axis, and take the cutting depth direction of the tool perpendicular to the tool feed direction _Vf in the tool base plane Pr as the Y-axis direction ; Then in formula (1):

x ₁ is the coordinate value of the X-axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge 4 and the minor cutting edge 5;

y ₁ is the coordinate value of the Y-axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge 4 and the minor cutting edge 5;

The longitudinal curves of the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 of the bionic tool are characterized by formula (2):

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0071</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1402</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.1598</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5.2390</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 13.9423</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 22.0335</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 19.3451</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.2442</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.38212</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The longitudinal curves of the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 of the bionic tool refer to the longitudinal section line formed by the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 in the tool orthogonal plane Po; The X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is defined on the surface, and the X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is based on the intersection of the main cutting edge 4, the minor cutting edge 5 and the orthogonal plane Po as the origin, and in the orthogonal plane Po with The opposite direction of the cutting speed Vc of the tool is the X ₂ -axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the cutting speed Vc is the Y ₂ -axis direction; in formula (2):

x ₂ is the X ₂ -axis coordinate value projected on the orthogonal plane Po by the longitudinal section line on the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3;

y ₂ is the Y ₂ -axis coordinate value of the projection of the longitudinal section line on the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 on the orthogonal plane Po;

The transverse curves of the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 of the bionic tool are characterized by formula (3):

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0026</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0032</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0248</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0210</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1849</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.2242</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0175</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The transverse curve of the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 of the bionic tool refers to the transverse curve formed by the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 in the transverse section parallel to the tool base plane Pr and passing through the tool tip point. Section line; define the X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system on the transverse section, the X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system is based on the intersection point of the tool tip and the transverse section as the origin, and the feed direction V _f of the tool is the X axis , taking the cutting depth direction of the tool perpendicular to the feed direction _Vf in the tool base surface Pr as the Y-axis direction; then in formula (3):

x ₃ is the X ₃ -axis coordinate value projected on the transverse section line on the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 on the transverse section;

y ₃ is the Y ₃ -axis coordinate value projected on the transverse section line on the main flank 2 and the auxiliary flank 3 on the transverse section.

The bionic tool of the invention changes the straight line of the cutting edge and the planar design of the flank of the traditional tool, so that it can obtain the lowest cutting resistance and a higher service life during use.

As shown in Figure 4, for the beaver incisors, the beaver incisor rake face 1a, the beaver incisor minor cutting edge 2a, the beaver incisor tip 3a, and the beaver incisor The main cutting edge 4a of the incisor, and the main and auxiliary flanks 5a of the beaver incisor.

The method for obtaining the bionic shape of beaver incisors in the present embodiment is to carry out as follows:

Step 1. Extract the three-dimensional cloud image of the beaver’s incisors through laser scanning, obtain the point cloud data of its surface geometric information, filter the obtained point cloud data according to the set method, and then export to generate a file in ASCⅡ code format, and use NURBS surface Construct a surface as the foundation; construct a topological rectangular grid on the basic construction surface, define feature lines interactively, and use the rectangular data grid to construct a three-dimensional surface model of beaver incisors, as shown in Figure 4;

Step 2. On the three-dimensional surface model of the beaver incisor, determine the rake face of the beaver incisor, the main flank of the beaver incisor, the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor, the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor edge, and project the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor on the base surface of the beaver incisor to obtain a projection curve as shown in Figure 5, and fit the projection curve to obtain the beaver incisor The cutting edge curve fitting equation is as formula (1);

Project the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor on the orthogonal plane of the beaver incisor and the transverse plane perpendicular to the orthogonal plane and parallel to the base plane to obtain the main flank of the beaver incisor and the longitudinal projection curve of the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor are shown in Figure 6 and the transverse projection curve is shown in Figure 7, and the longitudinal and transverse projection curves are respectively fitted to obtain the main flank of the beaver incisor and the beaver incisor The longitudinal curve fitting equation of the auxiliary flank of the incisor is shown in formula (2), and the horizontal curve fitting equation of the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor is shown in formula (3).

Figure 5 shows the projection curve of the cutting edge of the beaver's incisor; Figure 6 shows the longitudinal curve of the back of the beaver's incisor; Figure 7 shows the horizontal curve of the back of the beaver's incisor.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of car outer circle bionic cutter, it is characterized in that the cutter head of described bionic cutter is divided into the bionic shape of beaver incisor; The part of the cutter head of the bionic tool has a rake face (1), a main flank face (2) and a secondary flank face (3), and is located between the rake face (1) and the main flank face ( 2) between the main cutting edge (4), the secondary cutting edge (5) between the rake face (1) and the secondary flank (3), the rake face (1) and the main The intersection point jointly formed between the flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) is the tool tip point (6); it is characterized by: The curve shapes of the main cutting edge (4) and the minor cutting edge (5) are characterized by formula (1): $\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0219</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6758</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.0193</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.7976</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.3143</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.057</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0039</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$ The main cutting edge (4) and the secondary cutting edge (5) of the bionic tool are projected on the tool base Pr surface, and the X ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinate system is defined on the tool base Pr surface, and the X The ₁ O ₁ Y ₁ coordinate system is based on the starting point of the main cutting edge (4) in the projection as the origin, with the feed direction V _f of the bionic tool as the X axis, and with the base plane Pr of the bionic tool perpendicular to the feed direction. The cutting depth direction of the tool in the given direction V _f is the direction of the Y axis; then in formula (1): x ₁ is the coordinate value of the X-axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge (4) and the minor cutting edge (5); y ₁ is the coordinate value of the Y axis projected on the base surface Pr of the main cutting edge (4) and the minor cutting edge (5); The longitudinal curve of the main flank (2) and the secondary flank (3) of the bionic tool is characterized by formula (2): $\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0071</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1402</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.1598</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5.2390</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 13.9423</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 22.0335</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.5</span>}}\\ <span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 19.3451</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.2442</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.38212</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}\end{array}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$ The longitudinal curve of the main flank (2) and auxiliary flank (3) of the bionic tool means that the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) are within the orthogonal plane Po of the tool The longitudinal section line formed; the X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is defined on the tool orthogonal plane Po, and the X ₂ O ₂ Y ₂ coordinate system is based on the main cutting edge (4), the minor cutting edge (5) and The intersection point of the orthogonal plane Po is the origin, and in the orthogonal plane Po, the direction opposite to the cutting speed Vc of the tool is the X ₂ -axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the cutting speed Vc is the Y ₂ -axis direction; the formula ( 2) in: x ₂ is the X ₂ -axis coordinate value of the projection of the longitudinal section line on the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) on the orthogonal plane Po; y2 is the Y _{2 -} axis coordinate value projected on the orthogonal plane Po by the longitudinal section line on the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3); The transverse curve of the main flank (2) and the secondary flank (3) of the bionic tool is characterized by formula (3): ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0026</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0032</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0248</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0210</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.1849</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.2242</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.0175</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$ The transverse curve of the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) of the bionic tool means that the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) are parallel to the base plane Pr of the tool And through the transverse section line formed in the transverse section of the tool tip point; define X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system on the described transverse section, and the X ₃ O ₃ Y ₃ coordinate system is based on the relationship between the tool tip point and the transverse section The intersection point is the origin, the feed direction _Vf of the tool is taken as the X-axis, and the cutting depth direction of the tool perpendicular to the feed direction _Vf in the tool base surface Pr is taken as the Y-axis direction; then in formula (3): x ₃ is the X ₃ -axis coordinate value projected on the transverse section line on the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) on the transverse section; y ₃ is the Y ₃ -axis coordinate value projected on the transverse section line on the main flank (2) and the auxiliary flank (3) on the transverse section; The bionic shape of the beaver incisors is obtained as follows: Step 1. Extract the three-dimensional cloud image of the beaver’s incisors through laser scanning, obtain the point cloud data of its surface geometric information, filter the obtained point cloud data according to the set method, and then export to generate a file in ASCⅡ code format, and use NURBS surface Constructing a curved surface as a base; constructing a topological rectangular grid on the basic construction surface, interactively defining feature lines, and constructing a three-dimensional surface model of beaver incisors using the rectangular data grid; Step 2. On the three-dimensional surface model of the beaver incisor, determine the rake face of the beaver incisor, the main flank of the beaver incisor, the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor, the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor edge, and project the main cutting edge of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary cutting edge of the beaver incisor on the base surface of the beaver incisor to obtain a projection curve, and fit the projection curve to obtain the beaver incisor cutting edge curve fitting The equation is as formula (1); Project the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor on the orthogonal plane of the beaver incisor and the transverse plane perpendicular to the orthogonal plane and parallel to the base plane to obtain the main flank of the beaver incisor and the longitudinal and transverse projection curves of the auxiliary flank of beaver incisors, the longitudinal and transverse projection curves are fitted respectively to obtain the longitudinal curve fitting equation of the main flank of beaver incisors and the auxiliary flank of beaver incisors as Equation (2), and the transverse curve fitting equation obtained from the main flank of the beaver incisor and the auxiliary flank of the beaver incisor are shown in equation (3).