CN105142759B - NOx储存催化剂的脱硫 - Google Patents
NOx储存催化剂的脱硫 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105142759B CN105142759B CN201480023481.6A CN201480023481A CN105142759B CN 105142759 B CN105142759 B CN 105142759B CN 201480023481 A CN201480023481 A CN 201480023481A CN 105142759 B CN105142759 B CN 105142759B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- desulfurization
- storage catalyst
- catalyst
- nitrogen
- nitrogen oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 cerium oxide Compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ba+2] CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QWDUNBOWGVRUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O QWDUNBOWGVRUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2042—Barium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2045—Calcium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2047—Magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于特定氮氧化物储存催化剂(NOx储存催化剂)的针对性脱硫的特定方法的使用。具体而言,本发明是针对适合方法在特定组成的储存催化剂上的使用。
Description
说明书
本发明涉及用于限定的氮氧化物储存催化剂(NOx储存催化剂)的针对性脱硫的特定方法的使用。特别是,本发明是针对适合方法在特定组成的储存催化剂上的使用。
未来废气法规将限制稀燃发动机的废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)量,其限制程度将使得所述氮氧化物的催化后处理变得必要。然而,由于稀薄混合物燃烧发动机的废气中的氧含量高,期望将氮氧化物还原为氮气是困难的。已知方法是基于氮氧化物储存催化剂(NOx储存催化剂、NSC、LNT)的使用或者是选择性催化还原(SCR)方法,其通常在合适的催化剂上使用氨作为还原剂;简言之,SCR催化剂。这些方法的组合也是已知的,其中,例如,氨是作为在富集操作条件下在上游氮氧化物储存催化剂上的次要排放物产生,其首先储存在布置在出口侧的SCR催化剂中并用于后续的稀燃操作阶段中以还原通过氮氧化物储存催化剂的氮氧化物。DE 102007060623 A1描述了包含脱氮系统的废气纯化系统的在现有技术中存在的一系列变体。
氮氧化物储存催化剂现在已用于被称为稀燃发动机(内燃机、稀燃GDI)的稀燃废气中所含的氮氧化物的去除。在那些情况下,纯化功能是基于如下事实:在发动机的稀燃操作阶段(储存阶段、稀燃操作)中,氮氧化物被储存催化剂的储存材料以硝酸盐形式储存。在发动机的后续富集操作阶段(再生阶段、富操作、DeNOx阶段)中,先前形成的硝酸盐分解并且利用以还原方式作用的废气的富集组分在储存催化剂处将再次释放的氮氧化物转化为氮气、二氧化碳和水。其中,以还原方式作用的碳氢化合物、一氧化碳、氨和氢气被称为废气的富集组分。
氮氧化物储存催化剂的操作方法在SAE公开SAE 950809中全面描述。氮氧化物储存催化剂的组成是本领域技术人员充分已知的。常规使用的氮氧化物储存材料通常包括碱金属或碱土金属的碱性化合物,例如,钡和锶的氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐,其以精细分散形式施加至合适的衬底材料。适于储存组分的衬底材料是具有高表面积的温度稳定性金属氧化物。另外,氮氧化物储存催化剂还包括催化活性的铂族贵金属,以及可能的氧储存材料(DE502006004606D1)。这种组成赋予氮氧化物储存催化剂在化学计量操作条件下作为三效催化剂的功能(DE102010033689A1和其中引用的文献)。
氮氧化物的储存阶段(稀燃操作)通常持续100至2,000秒并取决于催化剂的储存能力和废气中的氮氧化物浓度。然而,随着较老催化剂的储存能力降低,储存阶段的持续时间也可减少至50秒或更少。相比之下,再生阶段(富集操作)总是显著较短并且仅持续几秒钟(5秒至20秒)。在再生期间离开氮氧化物储存催化剂的废气基本上不再含有任何污染物并且具有接近化学计量的组成。在此期间其空气比λ(λ:指示废气中的燃料与空气的比率,参见下文)几乎正好是1。在再生阶段结束时,所释放的氮氧化物和结合至催化剂的氧储存组分的氧不再足以氧化所有的富集废气组分。这导致这些组分穿透催化剂,并且氮氧化物储存催化剂下游的空气比降至低于1的值。这种穿透表明再生结束并且可借助于所谓的λ探针在储存催化剂后检测到。
氮氧化物储存催化剂的功能被燃料和机油中所含的硫化合物减弱。主要存在于有机硫化合物中的这些组分在很大程度上在发动机的燃烧室中转化为二氧化硫SO2,然后其与废气一起到达氮氧化物储存催化剂。与氮氧化物的储存机制类似,SO2在催化活性组分上被氧化成SO3,然后储存在氮氧化物储存材料中,其中形成相应的硫酸盐。随着储存材料中的氮氧化物和硫氧化物的储存增加,所述材料的储存能力降低。如所述,通过硝酸盐储存形成的硝酸盐可通过废气的短期富集而分解成氮氧化物(NOx),并且通过使用一氧化碳、氧气和碳氢化合物作为还原剂,可被还原成氮气,同时形成水和一氧化碳。由于通过二氧化硫储存形成的硫酸盐相比于相应的硝酸盐更加热稳定,因此硫氧化物在正常操作条件下的储存导致氮氧化物储存催化剂中毒,这即使在还原废气条件下也通常仅在高温下可逆。考虑到燃料中的高硫含量(>10ppm),氮氧化物储存催化剂因此必须同样频繁地脱硫。为此,必须使废气达到脱硫条件,即它必须被富集并且其温度升高。废气的空气比λ应降至低于0.98、优选降至低于0.95的值,并且应使废气温度达到介于600℃与750℃之间的值。在这些条件下,所形成的硫酸盐将分解并且以硫化氢形式或优选以二氧化硫形式排放(DE502007006908D1)。
当向氮氧化物储存催化剂负载含硫废气时,除了为除去所储存的氮氧化物的常规再生之外,因此还必须不时地对储存催化剂脱硫以逆转所形成的硫酸盐造成的氮氧化物储存能力的持续恶化。两次脱硫之间的时间间隔取决于燃料的硫含量,但即使有高的硫含量也通常相当于若干个发动机工作小时,并且因此显著大于用于去除所储存氮氧化物的两次再生之间的时间间隔。通常,脱硫需要2至10分钟。因此,它也相比于储存催化剂的氮氧化物再生持续更长的时间。
频繁脱硫的发生以燃料消耗为代价,并且由于必然高的废气温度,导致催化剂迅速老化。出于这个原因,具有稀燃汽油发动机的机动车辆迄今为止仅在欧洲市场上销售,因为这里提供硫含量小于10ppm的燃料。虽然美国废气法规确实特别严格,但这里用于汽油发动机的燃料的硫含量目前仍高达30ppm。在其他地区,燃料的硫含量显著更高。
用于燃料中具有高硫含量的市场的具有稀燃汽油发动机的机动车辆的开发因此必须考虑到如下事实:在这种情况下,氮氧化物储存催化剂必须频繁脱硫。除了前述频繁脱硫的缺点即燃料消耗增加和催化剂上的高温负荷之外,出现另一个缺点,在脱硫期间的碳氢化合物和氮氧化物的排放增加,这是因为,在脱硫期间,富集的废气含有高浓度的未燃烧的碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和氮氧化物,以及由氮氧化物在催化剂上形成的氨,但在催化剂上几乎没有任何氧来转化这些废气组分。因此,它们作为污染物未被纯化地排放到环境中。
然而,美国废气排放法规定,即使考虑到氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫,也必须遵守关于碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和氮氧化物的非常低的阈值。出于这个目的,在氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫期间的排放被分配至为进行排放测量所提供的总操作循环。已证实,甚至在氮氧化物储存催化剂的单一脱硫期间的排放也可超过所谓的SULEV车辆(SULEV=特超低排放车辆)的规定阈值。
关于新型氮氧化物储存催化剂的开发的研究因此朝向开发可更容易脱硫(也就是说,在较低温度下并具有降低的污染物排放)的储存介质的方向。WO08043604A1是这个方向上的起点。本发明提出一种通过其使用可降低常规氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫温度的方法,所述催化剂包含铂组分和至少一种氮氧化物储存材料。在此,铂的化学环境的碱度降低,而氮氧化物储存材料本身可保持不变。此外,提供了由使用这种方法产生的具有降低的脱硫温度的改进型氮氧化物储存催化剂。这些催化剂特别适于来自柴油发动机的废气的氮氧化物后处理。然而,即使利用这些储存催化剂,仍需要超过550℃的温度以确保硫的充分提取。
因此,本发明的目的是论证可如何以其他方式有效地再生相当良好的氮氧化物储存催化剂并具有最大可能的燃料节省的其他可能性。从现有技术出现的这种和其他目的是通过使用用于根据权利要求1所述的专门设计的氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫的特定方法来实现的。根据本发明的方法的优选实施方案包含在根据权利要求1的从属权利要求中。
由于使用对于用于主要是稀燃汽油发动机的废气纯化并且具有含铈和碱土金属的氮氧化物储存材料的NOx储存催化剂进行针对性脱硫的方法,其中所述NOx储存催化剂中含铈氮氧化物储存材料与含碱土金属氮氧化物储存材料的重量比率为10:1至20:1(相对于CeO2:碱土金属氧化物),并且这些是在≥500℃的高温下在0.98≤λ≤1.0的A/F范围中间进行脱硫的,所提出的目标的实现惊人地简单,并且对其依旧有利。已经证明,所述用于氮氧化物储存材料脱硫的方法特别好地用于储存催化剂,所述储存催化剂的储存组分大部分但不完全是由含铈储存模块形成。在根据本发明的A/F范围内,氮氧化物储存催化剂作为三效催化剂起作用,以使得原始废气主要以二氧化碳、水和氮气形式离开废气纯化。如利用正常的氮氧化物储存催化剂所不可避免的废气的另一种燃料密集型加热和同时富集,在某些操作情形(高速公路驾驶)下可以省略。此处,氮氧化物储存催化剂已经足够热。可通过有针对性地调节化学计量至非常轻微富集的废气混合物来有效进行脱硫。一方面,这有助于节省燃料。然而,还已发现,在所提出的条件下,氮氧化物储存催化剂中所含的硫主要以SO2形式排放。由再生期间通常形成的H2S所造成的任何恶臭气味因此尽可能得到抑制。
氮氧化物储存催化剂长期以来已为本领域技术人员所知。关于其操作和配置,参考以下可用文献(WO13008342A1、WO12140784A1、WO2005092481A、EP1317953A1、EP1016448B1、EP1321186B1、EP1911506A和EP1101528A)。与二氧化氮反应以形成相应硝酸盐的碱金属、碱土金属(但特别是氧化钡)和稀土金属(特别是氧化铈)的碱性氧化物主要用作氮氧化物储存催化剂中的储存组分。所讨论的含铈储存材料优选是选自包含氧化铈、铈-锆混合氧化物、掺杂有稀土的氧化铈和其组合的群组中的一种。优先用相对于铈-锆混合氧化物和镧和/或镨氧化物的总重量为0.5重量%至10重量%的镧和/或镨氧化物对铈-锆混合氧化物进行掺杂。优选的碱性储存材料,例如含碱土金属的氮氧化物储存材料,是含有Mg、Ba、Sr、Ca的化合物。已知这些材料主要以碳酸盐和氢氧化物形式存在于空气中。这些化合物同样适于氮氧化物的储存。因此,当在本发明的范围内提及碱性的含碱土金属储存材料时,这些也包括相应的碳酸盐和氢氧化物。铂族贵金属(例如Pt、Pd、Rh)通常用作催化活性组分,其与储存组分一样,沉积在衬底材料上。适于所述组分的衬底材料是具有大于10m2/g的高表面积的温度稳定性金属氧化物,其允许储存组分的高度分散性沉积。例如,氧化铈和含铈混合氧化物、氧化铝、氧化镁、镁-铝混合氧化物、稀土和一些三元氧化物是合适的。绝大多数情况下使用活性、高表面积氧化铝作为衬底材料。通过应用所述方法有利地可用的氮氧化物储存催化剂在其优选实施方案中用作由陶瓷或金属制成的惰性衬底主体的壁涂层。由陶瓷或金属制成的流通型蜂窝体非常适合作为用于汽车应用的衬底本体。本文设想的氮氧化物储存催化剂可作为衬底主体存在于微粒过滤器之上或之中(EP1837497A1、EP1398069A2、DE102009039249A)。因此术语“之上或之中”是指涂层在其壁上或在其多孔腔中的可能性。
除了上文提出的储存材料之外,如所述的本发明氮氧化物储存催化剂还包含贵金属。关于用量和类型,本领域技术人员将由催化剂引言中阐述的现有技术进行指导。优先使用选自包含钯、铂和铑的群组的那些贵金属。本领域技术人员可根据其知识状况相应地选择比例,储存材料中的铂含量有利地是30-150、优选40-100并且最优选50-70g/cft。关于钯,其值为10-150、优选20-100并且最特别优选30-80g/cft。同样,铑以0.5-10、优选1-8并且最优选1-5g/cft的量存在于催化材料中。金属彼此间的比率是50-100:10-50:1-5(Pt:Pd:Rh),优选是70-90:12-30:2-4并且特别优选是80:16:3(各自±10%)。
根据本发明,所提出的氮氧化物储存催化剂具有特定比率的含铈储存材料与含碱土金属储存材料。10:1至20:1的比率因此是指这两种组分的氧化物的重量(CeO2:碱土金属氧化物)。该比率优选为12:1至19:1并且最特别优选介于12.5:1与18:1之间。以这种方式建构的氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫已经发生在≥500℃-800℃、优选550℃-700℃并且最特别优选600℃至650℃的温度下。
根据本发明的针对性脱硫是在特定空气/燃料比(空气比、A/F比)下实现的。燃烧空气比(A/F)设定燃烧实际可用的空气体积(mL,tats)与完全燃烧所需的化学计量最小必要空气体积(mL,st)的关系:
如果空气比为λ=1,则所述比率被视为化学计量燃烧空气比,其中mL,tats=mL,st;这是如下情形:所有燃料分子在理论上与大气中的氧气完全反应,没有任何氧气不足,或剩余任何未燃烧的氧气。
对于内燃发动机,这是指:
λ<1(例如0.9)是指“空气不足”:混合物充足或甚至过于充足
λ>1(例如1.1)是指“空气过量”:混合物贫乏或甚至稀少
断言:λ=1.1是指相比于化学计量反应所需量多10%空气参与燃烧。这与空气过量是一致的。
根据本发明,本发明方法在0.98≤λ≤1.0下、优选在0.99≤λ≤1.0下并且最特别优选在0.995≤λ≤1.0下进行。以这种方式,并且通过使用所述氮氧化物储存催化剂,硫化氢的排放显著降低(图1)。在这样做时,如果在脱硫期间所调节的空气比是使用特定频率调节的,则是特别有利的。这种频率有利地是0.5-20、优选1-12并且最特别优选1-5Hz。同时,在±0.05、优选±0.01范围内并且最特别优选在±0.005范围内的幅度下针对空气比进行调节是可行的。
使用所提出的储存催化剂和适于它们的方法,特别是在上述调节的协助下,可在稀燃内燃发动机的操作条件下进行针对性脱硫,所述操作条件是密切模拟相应车辆的正常操作条件。在所述方法中提出的A/F范围几乎自动达到这些类型的发动机的高效范围内(例如高速公路驾驶),这就是为什么仅利用适度的额外措施就可以同时自动地在通行温度下进行脱硫。因此,以这种方式,实现氮氧化物储存催化剂的充分脱硫而无需额外地加热有待通过发动机脱硫的废气相应地是可能的并且特别有利。特别是,废气无需另外富集用于氮氧化物储存催化剂的充分脱硫,以由此使储存催化剂的温度达到脱硫温度。在这些操作情形下,如果稀燃汽油发动机在接近于上述A/F范围下操作,则然后可尤其优选地进行根据本发明的有针对性以及充分的脱硫。根据本发明,“充分的”应理解为是指相对于催化剂中储存的硫>50%、优选>60%并且特别优选>70%的脱硫程度。
本发明的最优选实施方案是通过遵守以下方法步骤的特定顺序进行脱硫的方法来形成的。已证实,如果发动机的至少4个操作阶段交替,其中稀燃阶段之后是脱硫阶段(λ=0.995-1.0(幅度在±0.005内))并且其中单独的操作阶段具有在5-30分钟范围内的持续时间,则是有利的。优选地,稀燃操作阶段可任选地比脱硫阶段短2-6倍。在这种情形下特别优选的是如下用于脱硫的操作阶段顺序:
-稀燃操作模式,持续至少5-10分钟;
-A/F=0.995-1.0(幅度在±0.005内),持续至少10-20分钟;
-稀燃操作模式,持续至少2-5分钟;
-A/F=0.995-1.0(幅度在±0.005内),持续至少10-30分钟;
使用这种脱硫策略,可最佳地且有效地、但至少充分地从氮氧化物储存催化剂释放所储存的硫氧化物。注意到,利用这种方法,硫主要以二氧化硫形式排放,因而这种方法不会导致由所形成的H2S造成的恶臭气味。这里提出的脱硫策略优选在600℃至650℃的温度间隔内进行。
注意到,在NOx储存催化剂中,CeO2同时用作载体氧化物以及NOx储存材料。关于目前考虑的CeO2:碱土金属氧化物比率,本文仅涵盖这种CeO2,其能够在充分程度上储存NOx。例如,如果CeO2存在于例如具有其他氧化物例如MgO或Al2O3的尖晶石结构中,则不是这种情况。因此,只有能够在T<200℃下仅相对于氧化铈储存至少2、优选至少3并且最优选至少3.5mg NOx/g的CeO2储存材料才被视为充分的。
使用本文提出的氮氧化物储存催化剂,可实现接近化学计量点的充分脱硫,而相应地利用其中呈氧化物形式的含铈储存材料与含碱土金属储存材料的比率<10:1的正常氮氧化物储存催化剂是几乎不可能实现的。在600℃-650℃的温度和λ=1的空气比下含铈储存材料与含碱土金属储存材料的比率为10:1至20:1的氮氧化物储存催化剂(在测试催化剂2中,CeO2:碱土金属氧化物重量比率为12.5:1)的脱硫速率(硫排放速度)相比于具有例如9.4:1的相应比率的氮氧化物储存催化剂(催化剂1)优选大两倍,优选大三倍并且最特别优选大四倍(图1)。同时,应指出,这里提出的氮氧化物储存催化剂具有偏移至较低温度的NOx储存窗口(图2),这表明,硫氧化物也可被储存并且甚至在较低温度下解吸。针对均匀稀燃汽油发动机的趋冷的燃烧的背景,这是特别有利的。应注意到,利用所设想的氮氧化物储存催化剂,未报道关于NOx性能的损失(图3)。
使用本发明方法,可以有针对性且特别有利的方式将某些储存催化剂脱硫。这在燃料消耗方面是重要的。针对性脱硫优选发生在需要热废气的正常操作情形期间。因此,氮氧化物储存单元无需额外加热。恶臭的硫化氢的产生也在很大程度上得到抑制。在这种背景下,根据本发明的方法看来是特别有利的,但根据已知现有技术完全不是显而易见的。
附图说明:
图1:在λ>1、λ=1和λ=0.9下两种催化剂(催化剂1和催化剂2)的600-650℃温度窗内的脱硫反应。
图2:所测试催化剂的NOx储存窗;催化剂2在低温下显示更好的NOx转化。
图3:催化剂1和2的有害气体(原始排放)的绝对转化。
实例:
为了制造催化剂2,用含有负载在镧稳定化氧化铝、氧化铈(量为116g/l)以及17g/l(如果是氧化钡的话)和15g/l氧化镁上的Pt、Pd和Rh的第一洗涤涂层A涂覆蜂窝形陶瓷衬底。Pt和Pd的负载量因此为50g/cft(1.766g/l)和5g/cft(0.177g/l),并且相对于陶瓷衬底的体积,洗涤涂层的总负载量为181g/l。将另一个洗涤涂层B施加至所述第一洗涤涂层,所述另外的洗涤涂层B同样含有负载在镧稳定化氧化铝上的Pt和Pd以及Rh。这种洗涤涂层中的Pt、Pd和Rh的负载量为50g/cft(1.766g/l)、5g/cft(0.177g/l)和5g/cft(0.177g/l)。对于181g/l的洗涤涂层B负载量,所述洗涤涂层B另外含有93g/l氧化铈。
按照WO2008043604(实施例1)中所说明,以使得储存组分中的CeO2:BaO的比率为9.4:1的方式制造催化剂1。所用BaO的量是17g/l。
图1的实验的说明
在高动态发动机测试台上实施测试方法。所述发动机是具有引导喷洒、分层进气燃烧过程的直喷汽油发动机。使用高硫燃料(200ppm硫),分别限定量的硫在恒定发动机操作点和中等催化剂温度(250-350℃)下施加至催化剂(SOx法)。
随后,使用给定的共同负载/转速来调节脱硫温度(DeSOx温度为600-650℃)。为了确保硫在加热阶段期间尚未释放,在λ>>1下进行温度调节。在达到DeSOx温度后,调节不同的λ设置(常数以及富/贫变化)。分别设置的λ值在指定时间间隔内保持恒定。在此期间,使用FTIR记录释放的硫组分(DeSOx法)。
图2的实验的说明
使用合成产生的废气在动态合成气体装置上实施测试方法。在实验中,被加热的催化剂1或2在7.5℃/min的速率下冷却。在冷却程序期间,在指定时间窗中交替进行储存和再生(提取)。在这种情况下指定为常数的NOx浓度是500ppm。在每种情况下在贫/富循环中进行评估并且示出转化率随催化剂温度变化并相对于初始浓度为500ppm的NOx的曲线。
图3的实验的说明
在高动态合成气体装置上实施测试方法。此处,以1:5-1:50的指定规模将汽车排放概况(排放量、温度、质量流量、媒介物的催化剂体积等)转移(施加)至所述合成气体装置,并且测试两种催化剂(1和2)的转化行为。已证实,在合成气体装置与媒介物之间的各种交叉比较中,在相应规模下的转化行为具有很好的相关性。
Claims (9)
1.一种对于NOx储存催化剂进行针对性脱硫的方法的用途,所述NOx储存催化剂用于主要是稀燃汽油发动机的废气纯化,其中所述NOx储存催化剂包含含铈氧化物的氮氧化物储存催化剂和含碱土金属的氮氧化物储存催化剂,所述含铈氧化物的氮氧化物储存催化剂与所述含碱土金属氮氧化物储存催化剂的重量比率为10:1至20:1,
其特征在于:
这些储存催化剂在≥500℃下、平均在0.98≤λ≤1.0的A/F范围内脱硫,其中只有能够在T<200℃下仅相对于氧化铈储存至少2mg NOx/g的CeO2储存材料才被视为是充分的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,
其特征在于:
所述NOx储存催化剂包含含铈氧化物的氮氧化物储存催化剂,所述含铈氧化物的氮氧化物储存催化剂选自由氧化铈、铈-锆混合氧化物、用稀土掺杂的氧化铈及其组合构成的群组。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的用途,
其特征在于:
所述NOx储存催化剂包含含碱土金属的氮氧化物储存材料,其中这些材料中的碱土金属选自由钡、钙、锶和镁构成的群组。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的用途,
其特征在于:
在脱硫期间的温度是500℃至800℃。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的用途,
其特征在于:
在脱硫期间的所调节空气比是使用0.5Hz至20Hz的频率来调节的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,
其特征在于:
在脱硫期间,所述调节是以在所调节空气比λ的±0.05内的幅度进行的。
7.根据权利要求1、2或5所述的用途,
其特征在于:
用于所述氮氧化物储存催化剂的脱硫的废气不另外通过发动机富集从而使温度升高至脱硫温度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,
其特征在于:
在正常操作情形下进行脱硫,其中所述稀燃汽油发动机是在权利要求1中所述的范围内操作的。
9.根据权利要求1、2、5或8所述的用途,
其特征在于:
所述发动机的至少4个操作阶段交替循环,其中稀燃阶段之后是脱硫阶段,λ=0.995-1.0,幅度在±0.005内,并且其中单独的操作阶段具有在5-30分钟范围内的持续时间。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013207709.2 | 2013-04-26 | ||
DE102013207709.2A DE102013207709A1 (de) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Entschwefelung von NOX-Speicherkatalysatoren |
PCT/EP2014/057860 WO2014173794A1 (de) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-04-17 | Entschwefelung von nox-speicherkatalysatoren |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105142759A CN105142759A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
CN105142759B true CN105142759B (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
Family
ID=50678152
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480023481.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105142759B (zh) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-04-17 | NOx储存催化剂的脱硫 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160082427A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2988852B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2016522739A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20160003125A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105142759B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015026737A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102013207709A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2663149C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014173794A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013218234B4 (de) | 2013-09-11 | 2015-05-28 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verwendung unterschiedlicher Strategien bei der Regeneration von Stickoxidspeicherkatalysatoren zur Verminderung der N2O-Bildung |
CN105916578B (zh) | 2014-01-22 | 2020-02-28 | 优美科触媒日本有限公司 | 用于稀燃发动机的排气净化催化剂 |
DE102016101761A1 (de) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-03 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Katalysator zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden |
KR20180116396A (ko) * | 2016-02-22 | 2018-10-24 | 우미코레 아게 운트 코 카게 | 질소 산화물의 환원을 위한 촉매 |
DE102016203225A1 (de) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-08-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
US10184374B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2019-01-22 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for desulfation of a catalyst used in a lean burn methane source fueled combustion system |
US10781735B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2020-09-22 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Exhaust emission reduction system having an HC-trap and NOx-trap combination designed for operating under strategic lean conditions |
CN110792488A (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-14 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | 一种满足轻型柴油车国六b要求的排气后处理系统 |
DE102020103897B4 (de) | 2020-02-14 | 2024-02-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Verbrennungsmotors und Abgasnachbehandlungssystem |
CN113648831B (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-05-10 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种nsc的脱氮方法及脱氮装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19827195A1 (de) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur De-Sulfatierung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
CN1263789A (zh) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-08-23 | 德古萨-于尔斯股份公司 | 氮氧化物贮存材料及由其制得的氮氧化物贮存催化剂 |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU1193276A1 (ru) * | 1983-08-09 | 1985-11-23 | Институт Проблем Машиностроения Ан Усср | Способ очистки отработавших газов двигател внутреннего сгорани |
JP2537239B2 (ja) * | 1987-08-28 | 1996-09-25 | エヌ・イーケムキヤツト 株式会社 | 耐熱性に優れた内燃機関排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP3285857B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-06 | 2002-05-27 | マツダ株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
DE19724545A1 (de) * | 1997-06-11 | 1998-12-24 | Basf Ag | Speicherkatalysator |
DE19813654A1 (de) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-09-30 | Degussa | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasreinigungsanlage enthaltend eine Schwefelfalle und einen Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysator |
US6350421B1 (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2002-02-26 | Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec Ag | Nitrogen oxide storage material and nitrogen oxide storing catalyst prepared therefrom |
JP3575307B2 (ja) | 1998-12-28 | 2004-10-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
DE19955456A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-23 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stickoxid-Speichermaterials und damit hergestelltes Speichermaterial |
JP3758487B2 (ja) | 2000-09-08 | 2006-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 吸収還元型nox浄化用触媒 |
EP1316354A1 (de) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-04 | OMG AG & Co. KG | Katalysator zur Verminderung der Stickoxide im Abgas von Magermotoren |
US20040000191A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-01 | Yona Ben-David | System for testing vehicle road dynamic, safety systems and calibration of the tester system |
US7189375B2 (en) | 2002-09-16 | 2007-03-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust treatment device |
US20090062117A1 (en) | 2004-03-27 | 2009-03-05 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Nitrogen oxide storage material and nitrogen oxide storage catalyst produced therefrom |
DE502006002485D1 (de) | 2006-03-23 | 2009-02-12 | Ford Global Tech Llc | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem umfassend einen Speicherkatalysator und einen Partikelfilter sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Systems |
EP1911506B1 (de) | 2006-10-06 | 2009-08-19 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Stickoxidspeicherkatalysator mit abgesenkter Entschwefelungstemperatur |
CN100574873C (zh) * | 2006-11-01 | 2009-12-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 用于汽车尾气处理的NOx储存-还原催化剂及其制备方法 |
US20080120970A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-05-29 | Marcus Hilgendorff | NOx Storage Materials and Traps Resistant to Thermal Aging |
EP1939420A1 (de) | 2006-12-30 | 2008-07-02 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Entschwefeln von Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysatoren in der Abgasanlage eines Magermotors |
DE102007060623B4 (de) | 2007-12-15 | 2011-04-14 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Entstickung von Dieselmotorenabgasen unter Verwendung eines temperierten Vorkatalysators zur bedarfsgerechten NO2-Bereitstellung |
ATE476246T1 (de) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-08-15 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Vorrichtung zur reinigung von dieselabgasen |
US8499546B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-08-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods for reducing engine exhaust emissions |
US9662611B2 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2017-05-30 | Basf Corporation | Emissions treatment system with ammonia-generating and SCR catalysts |
DE102010033689A1 (de) | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mit katalytisch aktivem Wall-Flow-Filter mit NOx-Speicherfunktion vor Katalysator mit gleicher Speicherfunktion |
EP2532852B1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2016-08-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification method of internal combustion engine |
US8820054B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2014-09-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
-
2013
- 2013-04-26 DE DE102013207709.2A patent/DE102013207709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-04-17 EP EP14721788.9A patent/EP2988852B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-04-17 CN CN201480023481.6A patent/CN105142759B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-17 BR BR112015026737A patent/BR112015026737A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-04-17 US US14/787,123 patent/US20160082427A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-04-17 KR KR1020157033683A patent/KR20160003125A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-04-17 JP JP2016509399A patent/JP2016522739A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-17 RU RU2015150527A patent/RU2663149C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-04-17 WO PCT/EP2014/057860 patent/WO2014173794A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19827195A1 (de) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur De-Sulfatierung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
CN1263789A (zh) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-08-23 | 德古萨-于尔斯股份公司 | 氮氧化物贮存材料及由其制得的氮氧化物贮存催化剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2988852B1 (de) | 2018-08-29 |
RU2663149C1 (ru) | 2018-08-01 |
EP2988852A1 (de) | 2016-03-02 |
JP2016522739A (ja) | 2016-08-04 |
BR112015026737A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
WO2014173794A1 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
US20160082427A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
CN105142759A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
KR20160003125A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
DE102013207709A1 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105142759B (zh) | NOx储存催化剂的脱硫 | |
RU2213870C2 (ru) | Способ управления работой устройства нейтрализации отработавших газов, содержащего ловушку для серы и катализатор-накопитель оксидов азота | |
US8006485B2 (en) | Compression ignition engine and exhaust system therefor | |
JP4447687B2 (ja) | 硫黄酸化物のための貯蔵材料、その製造方法および使用 | |
KR101419687B1 (ko) | 감소된 탈황 온도를 특징으로 하는 질소 산화물 저장 촉매 | |
US8105559B2 (en) | Thermally regenerable nitric oxide adsorbent | |
CN101636564B (zh) | 包括贫燃内燃发动机和用于其的废气系统的装置 | |
US6758036B1 (en) | Method for sulfur protection of NOx adsorber | |
US8327625B2 (en) | Method for regenerating soot filters in the exhaust gas system of a lean mix engine, and exhaust gas system therefor | |
EP2544796B2 (en) | Exhaust system comprising a nox storage catalyst and catalysed soot filter | |
US20070012032A1 (en) | Hybrid system comprising HC-SCR, NOx-trapping, and NH3-SCR for exhaust emission reduction | |
KR100832365B1 (ko) | 배기시스템을 가진 린번 가솔린 엔진 | |
CN101912730B (zh) | 降低稀燃碳氢化合物燃料动力源的nox排放的方法和设备 | |
KR20050057213A (ko) | 희박 연소 ic 엔진용 배기 시스템 | |
KR20010101671A (ko) | 배기가스 정화 촉매 | |
JP2002364343A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化システム | |
WO2002040139A1 (en) | NOx-TRAP COMPOSITION | |
CN101628235B (zh) | 用于柴油排气清洁应用的多功能催化剂及其制备方法 | |
Millet et al. | Synthetic gas bench study of a 4-way catalytic converter: Catalytic oxidation, NOx storage/reduction and impact of soot loading and regeneration | |
EP1458476B1 (en) | Exhaust line for an internal combustion engine | |
JP2002168117A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化システム | |
JP3772478B2 (ja) | 内燃機関の排ガス浄化触媒の再生方法 | |
KR101226896B1 (ko) | 질소 산화물 저장 촉매의 재생방법 | |
JP2003322012A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化システム | |
JP2004138033A (ja) | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20190604 Termination date: 20200417 |