CN105142615A - 环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1s)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1h-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺的制剂细胞基因公司公司设立的州:特拉华州 - Google Patents
环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1s)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1h-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺的制剂细胞基因公司公司设立的州:特拉华州 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本文提供了{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺、或其可药用立体异构体、前药、盐、溶剂化物、水合物或包合物的药物组合物和单一单位剂量形式。本文还提供了治疗、控制或预防多种病症例如癌症或炎性疾病的方法。
Description
1.技术领域
本文提供了环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺的制剂和剂量形式。本文还提供了使用该制剂和剂量形式的方法。
2.背景技术
药物物质通常作为制剂的一部分与一种或多种其他试剂共同给药,所述其他试剂提供不通的和特定的药物功能。各种类型的剂量形式可以通过选择性使用药物赋形剂来制备。由于药物赋形剂具有各种功能因而有助于以多种不同的方式制备药物制剂,例如增溶、稀释、增稠、稳定化、防腐、着色、调味等。配制活性药物物质时通常考虑的性质包括生物利用度、制备的容易程度、给药的容易程度和剂量形式的稳定性。由于要配制的活性药物物质的性质多样,剂量形式通常需要独特地适合于活性药物物质的药用赋形剂,以便获得有利的物理性质和药用性质。
环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺(“化合物A”)是一种在用于治疗各种慢性炎性病症的临床开发中具有抗炎活性的新化合物。药理学上,化合物A经由抑制IV型磷酸二酯酶(PDE4)酶来阻断环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的降解,以使得表达PDE4的细胞(包括单核细胞、T细胞和中性粒细胞)中的cAMP增加。使用来自U937人单核细胞的纯化的PDE4酶的酶活性测定数据表明化合物A具有100nM(50ng/mL)的PDE4IC50。化合物A及其合成方法描述在例如美国专利公开No.2010/0129363中,将其全部内容在此并入作为参考。也可以根据在美国专利公开No.2010/0168475中描述的方法制备化合物A,将其全部内容在此并入本文。
由于其多种药理学性质,化合物A可用于治疗、预防和/或控制各种疾病或病症。然而,化合物A的溶解性差,因此,需要存在具有有利的物理性质和药物性质的化合物A的剂量形式。
已经在猴子中证实,与结晶形式的暴露相比,利用胶囊递送无定形固体分散体得到约3.5倍的暴露。片剂制剂能够快速崩解,增加吸收的时间。聚合物能够有助于保持过饱和,进一步增加吸收的时间。具有低脆性的片剂制剂也可有助于在膜包衣期间减少碎屑和活性药物成分的损失。参见,例如,PuriV.,DantuluriA.K.和BansalA.K,“InvestigationofAtypicalDissolutionBehaviorofanEncapsulatedAmorphousSolidDispersion,”JournalofPharmaceuticalSciences(2011)100(6):2460-8。
3.发明简述
本文提供了环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺(“化合物A”),或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物、水合物或包合物的药物剂量形式。本文还提供了利用在本文描述的剂量形式的化合物A或其可药用立体异构体、前药、盐、溶剂化物、水合物或包合物治疗、控制或预防疾病和病症的方法,所述疾病和病症例如但不限于癌症、疼痛、黄斑变性、皮肤病、肺病、石棉相关病症、寄生虫病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉粥样硬化、睡眠障碍、血红蛋白病、贫血、炎性疾病、自身免疫疾病、病毒性疾病、遗传性疾病、过敏性疾病、细菌性疾病、眼部新生血管疾病、脉络膜新生血管疾病、视网膜新生血管疾病、或潮红。
3.1.附图说明
图1示出了化合物A的口服剂量形式的片剂制剂的稳定性硬度图。
图2示出了利用AI/AI包装制备的化合物A的口服剂量形式的片剂制剂溶出曲线。
图3示出了利用无保护性包装制备的化合物A的口服剂量形式的片剂制剂溶出曲线。
图4示出了在初始、3个月和12个月的时间点,利用AI/A1包装制备的化合物A的口服剂量形式的片剂制剂溶出曲线。
3.2.定义
如本文使用的,术语“化合物A”是指对映体纯的环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺。不受理论的限制,化合物A被认为是(S)-N-(2-(1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基)-3-氧代异吲哚啉-4-基)环丙烷甲酰胺,其具有下述结构:
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则“基本上不含”一种化合物的组合物意指该组合物含有少于约20wt%、更优选地少于约10wt%、甚至更优选地少于约5wt%、且最优选地少于约3wt%的所述化合物。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“立体异构体纯”是指包含化合物的一种立体异构体并且基本上不含该化合物的其他立体异构体的组合物。例如,具有一个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯组合物基本上不含该化合物的相对对映异构体。具有两个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯组合物基本上不含该化合物的其他非对映异构体。典型的立体异构体纯化合物包含大于约80wt%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约20wt%的该化合物的其他立体异构体,更优选地包含大于约90wt%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约10wt%的该化合物的其他立体异构体,甚至更优选地包含大于约95wt%该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约5wt%的该化合物的其他立体异构体,最优选地包含大于约97wt%的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约3wt%的该化合物的其他立体异构体。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,术语“对映体纯”意指具有一个手性中心的化合物的立体体纯组合物。
如本文使用的,除非另有说明,否则如本文使用的“可药用盐”包括但不限于沙利度胺的酸性或碱性部分的盐。碱性部分能够与各种无机酸和有机酸形成多种盐。能够用于制备这样的碱性化合物的可药用酸加成盐的酸为形成无毒酸加成盐(即含有药理学可接受的阴离子的盐)的酸。合适的有机酸包括,但不限于,马来酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、醋酸、甲酸、草酸、丙酸、酒石酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、肉桂酸、油酸、鞣酸、门冬氨酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、乙醇酸、谷氨酸、葡糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸(glucaronicacid)、糖酸、异烟酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、或扑酸(即,1,1’-亚甲基-双-(2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐)酸)。合适的无机酸包括,但不限于,盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸。除上述提及的酸之外,包括胺部分的化合物能够与各种氨基酸形成可药用盐。性质为酸性的化学部分能够与各种药理学可接受的阳离子形成碱性盐。这样的盐的实例为碱金属或碱土金属盐,并且尤其是钙盐、镁盐、钠盐、锂盐、锌盐、钾盐、或铁盐。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,术语“溶剂化物”是指本文提供的化合物或其盐,其进一步包括化学计量量或非化学计量量的通过非共价分子间作用力结合的溶剂。当溶剂为水时,该溶剂化物为水合物。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“前药”是指能够在生物学条件(体外或体内)下水解、氧化或以其他方式反应提供化合物的该化合物的衍生物。前药的实例包括,但不限于,包括可生物水解的部分的沙利度胺的衍生物,例如可生物水解的酰胺、可生物水解的酯、可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯、可生物水解的碳酸酯、可生物水解的酰脲和可生物水解的磷酸酯类似物。前药的其他实例包括包含-NO、-NO2、-ONO或-ONO2部分的沙利度胺的衍生物。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯”、“可生物水解的碳酸酯”、“可生物水解的酰脲”、“可生物水解的磷酸酯”分别是指化合物的氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、酰脲或磷酸酯,其:1)不会干扰化合物的生物活性,但是能够赋予该化合物有利的体内性质,例如吸收、作用时间、或开始作用时间;或2)是生物学上非活性的,但是在体内转化为生物学活性化合物。可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯的实例包括,但不限于,低级烷基胺、取代的乙二胺、氨基酸、羟基烷基胺、杂环和杂芳香胺、以及聚醚胺。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“可生物水解的酯”意指化合物的酯,其:1)不会干扰化合物的生物活性,但是能够赋予该化合物有利的体内性质,例如吸收、作用时间、或开始作用时间;或2)是生物学上非活性的,但是在体内转化为生物学活性化合物。可生物水解的酯的实例包括,但不限于,低级烷基酯、烷氧基酰氧基酯、烷基酰氨基烷基酯和胆碱酯。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“可生物水解的酰胺”意指化合物的酰胺,其:1)不会干扰化合物的生物活性,但是可以赋予该化合物有利的体内性质,例如吸收、作用时间、或开始作用时间;或2)是生物学上非活性的,但是在体内转化为生物学活性化合物。可生物水解的酰胺的实例包括,但不限于,低级烷基酰胺、α-氨基酸酰胺、烷氧基酰基酰胺和烷基氨基烷基羰基酰胺。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“治疗”涵盖当患者患有特定疾病或病症时进行的降低疾病或病症的严重程度,或者阻止或延缓疾病或病症的进展的行为。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“预防”是指预防疾病或病症或其一种或多种症状的发病、复发或扩散。术语“预防”涵盖在患者开始患有特定疾病或病症之前进行的抑制或降低疾病或病症的严重程度的行为。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则术语“控制”涵盖防止已经患有疾病或病症的患者中特定疾病或病症的复发,和/或延长患有疾病或病症的患者保持症状缓解的时间。该术语涵盖调节疾病或病症的阈值、进展和/或持续时间,或改变患者响应该疾病或病症的方式。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则当与组合物或剂量形式的成分的剂量、量或重量百分比结合使用时,术语“约”涵盖本领域普通技术人员所认为的剂量、量或重量百分比提供的药理学作用等同于从该特定剂量、量或重量百分比获得的药理学作用。具体地,术语“约”涵盖在具体剂量、量或重量百分比的30%、25%、20%、15%、10%、5%、1%、0.5%或0.25%之内的剂量、量或重量百分比。
如本文使用的,并且除非另有说明,否则当与制剂或剂量形式结合使用时,术语“稳定的”是指该制剂或剂量形式的活性成分在一段特定时间内保持溶解,而不会发生显著地降解或聚集或以其他方式发生改变(例如,当通过例如HPLC测定时)。
4.具体实施方式
本文提供了环丙烷羧酸{2-[(1S)-1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲烷磺酰基-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基}-酰胺(“化合物A”)、或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物、水合物或包合物的药物剂量形式。在一些实施方式中,该剂量形式适于向患者口服给药。在其他实施方式中,本文提供的剂量形式显示出有利的物理和/或药理学性质。这样的性质包括,但不限于,快速崩解、低脆性、容易测定、含量均匀性、制备的流动性、溶出度和生物利用度、和/或稳定性。本文还提供了包含本文提供的药物组合物和剂量形式的试剂盒。本文还提供了治疗、控制、和/或预防疾病或病症的方法,包括向有需要的患者给予本文提供的药物组合物或剂量形式。
由于在一些实施方式中涵盖递送呈无定形固体分散体的化合物A,因此延长吸收时间很关键,因为活性药物成分在胃肠道介质中会变得过饱和。片剂试剂能够快速崩解,减少了活性药物成分变成溶液所花费的时间并增加了吸收时间。
不希望受特定理论的限制,将药物结合在具有较高玻璃化转变温度的聚合物中有助于稳定固体分散体中的无定形药物,其反过来又有助于抑制结晶。然而,稳定无定形药物通常要求大浓度的聚合物。因此,利用无定形固体分散体制造的片剂通常不稳定(weak),具有高脆性,并且当与水性介质接触时由于聚合物的高浓度会发生胶凝。不受特定理论的限制,本文提供的口服剂量形式能够利用亲水性聚合物使得水溶性差的化合物A在无定形固体分散体中稳定化。在一种实施方式中,该口服剂量形式为片剂。
在某些实施方式中,对于利用无定形固体分散体制备的片剂,本文提供的口服剂量形式包括改善的硬度和溶出度。在某些实施方式中,本文提供的口服剂量形式包括包含化合物A的无定形固体分散体的片剂,其具有快速崩解和低脆性。在某些实施方式中,无定形固体分散体包含在亲水性聚合物中的化合物A,所述亲水性聚合物为例如羟丙基甲基纤维素(HMPC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、或羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、PVPVA64、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、Eudragit聚合物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、Polyox、Soluplus或聚乙二醇。在某些实施方式中,无定形固体分散体能够通过各种方法来制备,例如冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、溶剂浇铸(solventcasting)、熔融猝灭或热熔挤出。在某些实施方式中,本文提供的口服剂量形式进一步包含不同等级的微晶纤维素和甘露醇的稀释剂组合。
4.1.组合物和剂量形式
本文提供的药物组合物和制剂可以呈离散的剂量形式存在,例如胶囊(如凝胶胶囊(gelcaps))、囊片剂、片剂、糖锭剂、锭剂、分散剂和栓剂,各自包含预定量的呈粉末或颗粒、溶液、或在水性或非水性液体中的悬浮液、水包油型乳剂、或油包水型液体乳剂的活性成分。因为易于给药,片剂、囊片剂和胶囊为优选的口服剂量单位形式。在一些实施方式中,该制剂为片剂形式。
在某些实施方式中,本文提供了化合物A的固体分散体。在一种实施方式中,该分散体包含:1)化合物A或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物、水合物或包合物的分散体;和2)亲水性聚合物。在某些实施方式中,口服剂量形式的分散体是无定形固体分散体。在某些实施方式中,无定形固体分散体是通过热熔挤出、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、溶剂浇铸或熔融淬灭制备的。在一些实施方式中,分散体的亲水性聚合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、或羟丙基纤维素。在一种实施方式中,亲水性聚合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素。
在某些实施方式中,分散体是由约5wt%至约40%、约10wt%至约30%、或约15wt%至约25wt%的化合物A和约60wt%至约95%、约70wt%至约90%、或约75wt%至约85wt%的亲水性聚合物组成。在一些实施方式中,所述分散体由约15wt%的化合物A和约85wt%的亲水性聚合物组成。
在一种实施方式中,本文提供了包含本文提供的化合物A的固体分散体和一种或多种可药用载体或赋形剂的口服剂量形式。在一些实施方式中,该口服剂量形式的载体或赋形剂选自微晶纤维素、甘露醇、交联羧甲纤维素钠、硬脂酸钙、交聚维酮、聚乙烯醇、硬脂酸镁、无水乳糖、二氧化硅、果糖、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素及其组合。
在某些实施方式中,该口服剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约20wt%至约75wt%、约30wt%至约70wt%、或约33wt%至约67wt%的量的分散体。在某些实施方式中,该口服剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约33wt%的量的分散体。
在某些实施方式中,化合物A或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物占组合物总重量的约5wt%至约10wt%。在另一种实施方式中,化合物A或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物占组合物总重量的约5wt%。
在某些实施方式中,载体或赋形剂为微晶纤维素。在一些实施方式中,本文提供的剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约5wt%至约40wt%、约10wt%至30wt%、约15wt%至25wt%、或约10wt%至20wt%的量的微晶纤维素。在一种实施方式中,微晶纤维素的存在量为总剂量形式的约10wt%、约15wt%、约20wt%、约25wt%、约30wt%、约35wt%或约40wt%。在一种实施方式中,微晶纤维素的存在量为总剂量形式的约25wt%。在另一种实施方式中,微晶纤维素的存在量为总剂量形式的约24wt%。
在某些实施方式中,与本文提供的剂量形式结合使用的微晶纤维素为最大压实性等级的微晶纤维素(例如,具有较大长径比的CeolusKG-1000),和具有更多球形颗粒形状和可选地较大尺寸的不同等级微晶纤维素(例如AvicelPH-102)的混合物。在一些实施方式中,最大压实性等级的微晶纤维素的存在量为总剂量形式的约1wt%至10wt%、约5wt%至约15wt%、约10wt%至约20wt%、约15wt%至约25wt%、约20wt%至约30wt%、约25wt%至约35wt%、或约30wt%至约40wt%,其余部分的微晶纤维素由较低压实性等级的微晶纤维素组成。
在某些实施方式中,载体或赋形剂为甘露醇。在一些实施方式中,本文提供的剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约20wt%至约60wt%、约25wt%至约50wt%、约30wt%至约40wt%、或约35wt%至约40wt%的量的甘露醇。
在某些实施方式中,载体或赋形剂为崩解剂,例如但不限于交联羧甲纤维素钠。在一些实施方式中,本文提供的剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约1wt%至约20wt%、约3wt%至约15wt%、约3wt%至约7wt%、或约5wt%至约10wt%的量的交联羧甲纤维素钠。
在某些实施方式中,载体或赋形剂为润滑剂,例如但不限于硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、植物油、矿物油、PEG和SLS。在一种实施方式中,润滑剂为硬脂酸钙。在一种实施方式中,本文提供的剂量形式包含占总剂量形式约0.1wt%至约3wt%、约0.3wt%至约2wt%、约0.5wt%至约1.5wt%、或约0.7wt%至约1wt%的量的硬脂酸钙。
在一种实施方式中,本文提供口服剂量形式包含化合物A的无定形固体分散体;微晶纤维素;甘露醇;崩解剂;和润滑剂。在一种实施方式中,崩解剂为交联羧甲纤维素钠。在另一种实施方式中,润滑剂为硬脂酸钙。
在一种实施方式中,本文提供的口服剂量形式由约5wt%的化合物A和约28wt%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(其一起构成分散体,其可以是无定形固体分散体并且可选地可以通过热熔挤出来制备);约24wt%的微晶纤维素;约36wt%的甘露醇;约5wt%的交联羧甲纤维素钠;和约1wt%的硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁组成。在一种实施方式中,所述口服剂量形式中约24wt%的微晶纤维素的10wt%由最大-压实性等级的微晶纤维素(例如,具有较大长径比的CeolusKG-1000)组成,而微晶纤维素的其余约14wt%具有不同的等级,其具有更多球形颗粒形状和可选地更大的颗粒尺寸(例如AvicelPH-102)。
在一些实施方式中,由于通常获得纯度小于100%的化合物A、或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物,本文提供的制剂和剂量形式可被定义为包含提供特定量的100%纯化合物A的效力的量的化合物A或其可药用前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物的组合物、制剂或剂量形式。
在某些实施方式中,本文提供了包括活性成分的无水药物组合物和剂量形式,因为水能够促进一些化合物的降解。例如,加入水(例如5%)是药学领域中广泛接受的作为一种模拟储存期限(即长期储存)以确定制剂随时间推移的特征例如贮存期限或稳定性的方式。参见,例如,JensT.Carstensen,DrugStability:Principles&Practice,第2版,MarcelDekker,NY,NY,1995,pp.379-80。实际上,水和热加速一些化合物分解。因此,水对制剂的影响非常重要,因为在制剂的生产、处理、包装、储存、运输和使用期间常常会遇到水分和/或湿气。
应制备和储存无水药物组合物以使得无水性质得以保持。因此,在一些实施方式中,利用已知可防止暴露于水的材料来包装无水药物组合物,从而能够将它们装在合适形式的试剂盒中。合适的包装的实例包括,但不限于气密密封的箔、塑料等、单位剂量容器、泡罩包装和条带包装(strippacks)。
在这点上,本文还提供了一种通过在无水或低水分/湿度条件下混合活性成分和赋形剂来制备包括活性成分的固体药物制剂的方法,其中所述成分基本上不含水。所述方法可以进一步包括在低湿条件下包装该无水或不吸湿的固体制剂。通过利用这样的条件,减少了与水接触的风险,并且能够防止或实质上减少活性成分的降解。
4.1.1.第二活性剂
在某些实施方式中,本文提供了化合物A、或其可药用立体异构体、前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物的组合物和剂量形式,其可以进一步包含一种或多种第二活性成分。某些组合可以在治疗特定类型的疾病或病症,以及与这样的疾病或病症相关的状况和症状中起协同作用。化合物A或其可药用立体异构体、前药、盐、溶剂化物或包合物也能够起到减轻与某些第二活性剂有关的副作用的作用,反之亦然。
能够包含在本文提供的制剂和剂量形式中的具体第二活性化合物根据待治疗、预防或控制的具体适应症而变化。
例如,对于治疗、预防或控制癌症,第二活性剂包括,但不限于:司马沙尼(semaxanib);环孢菌素;依那西普;多西环素;硼替佐米(bortezomib);阿西维辛;阿柔比星;阿考达唑盐酸盐;阿克罗宁;阿多来新;阿地白介素;六甲蜜胺;安波霉素;乙酸阿美蒽醌;安吖啶;阿那曲唑;安曲霉素;门冬酰胺酶;曲林菌素;阿扎胞苷;阿扎替派;阿佐霉素;巴马司他;苯佐替派;比卡鲁胺;盐酸比生群;二甲磺酸双奈法德;比折来新;硫酸博来霉素;布喹那钠;溴匹立明;白消安;放线菌素C;卡普睾酮;卡醋胺;卡贝替姆;卡铂;卡莫司汀;盐酸卡柔比星;卡折来新;西地芬戈;塞来考昔;苯丁酸氮芥;西罗霉素;顺铂;克拉屈滨;甲磺酸克立那托;环磷酰胺;阿糖胞苷;达卡巴嗪;更生霉素;盐酸柔红霉素;地西他滨;右奥马铂;地扎胍宁;甲磺酸地扎胍宁;地吖醌;多西他赛;多柔比星;盐酸多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;柠檬酸屈洛昔芬;丙酸屈他雄酮;达佐霉素;依达曲沙;盐酸依氟鸟氨酸;依沙芦星;恩洛铂;恩普氨酯;依匹哌啶;盐酸表柔比星;厄布洛唑;盐酸依索比星;雌莫司汀;雌莫司汀磷酸钠;依他硝唑;依托泊苷;磷酸依托泊苷;埃托宁(etoprine);盐酸法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;氟尿苷;磷酸氟达拉滨;氟尿嘧啶;氟西他滨;磷喹酮;福司曲星钠;吉西他滨;盐酸吉西他滨;羟基脲;盐酸伊达比星;异环磷酰胺;伊莫福新;异丙铂;依立替康;盐酸依立替康;醋酸兰瑞肽;来曲唑;醋酸亮丙瑞林;盐酸利阿唑;洛美曲索钠;洛莫司汀;盐酸洛索蒽醌;马索罗酚;美登素;盐酸氮芥;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸美仑孕酮;美法仑;美诺立尔;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;甲氨蝶呤钠;氯苯氨啶;美妥替哌;米丁度胺;米托卡星(mitocarcin);米托罗米(mitocromin);米托洁林;米托马星;丝裂霉素;米托司培;米托坦;盐酸米托蒽醌;麦考酚酸;诺考达唑;诺加霉素;奥马铂;奥昔舒仑;紫杉醇;培门冬酶;培利霉素;喷他霉素;硫酸盐培洛霉素;培磷酰胺;哌泊溴烷;哌泊舒凡;盐酸吡罗蒽醌;普卡霉素;普洛美坦;卟吩姆钠;泊非霉素;泼尼莫司汀;盐酸丙卡巴肼;嘌呤霉素;盐酸嘌呤霉素;吡唑呋喃菌素;利波腺苷;沙芬戈;盐酸沙芬戈;司莫司汀;辛曲秦;磷乙酰天冬氨酸钠;司帕霉素;盐酸锗螺胺;螺莫司汀;螺铂;链黑菌素;链佐星;磺氯苯脲;他利霉素;替可加兰钠;泰索帝;替加氟;盐酸替洛蒽醌;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;替罗昔隆;睾内酯;硫咪嘌呤;硫鸟嘌呤;塞替派;噻唑呋林;替拉扎明;柠檬酸托瑞米芬;乙酸曲托龙;磷酸曲西立滨;三甲曲沙;葡糖醛酸三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;盐酸妥布氯唑;尿嘧啶氮芥;乌瑞替派;伐普肽;维替泊芬;硫酸长春碱;硫酸长春新碱;长春地辛;硫酸长春地辛;硫酸长春匹定;硫酸长春甘酯;硫酸长春罗辛;酒石酸长春瑞滨;硫酸长春罗定;硫酸长春利定;伏氯唑;折尼铂;净司他丁;和盐酸佐柔比星。
其他第二试剂包括,但不限于:20-表-1,25-二羟基维生素D3;5-乙炔基尿嘧啶;阿比特龙;阿柔比星;酰基富烯(acylfulvene);阿地培诺(adecypenol);阿多来新;阿地白介素;ALL-TK拮抗剂;六甲蜜胺;氨莫司汀;amidox;氨磷汀;氨基乙酰丙酸;氨柔比星;安吖啶;阿那格雷;阿那曲唑;穿心莲内酯;血管生成抑制剂;拮抗剂D;拮抗剂G;安雷利克斯(antarelix);抗背部化形态发生蛋白-1(anti-dorsalizingmorphogeneticprotein-1);抗雄激素药(前列腺癌);抗雌激素药;抗瘤酮(antineoplaston);反义寡核苷酸;甘氨酸阿非迪霉素;细胞凋亡基因调节剂;细胞凋亡调节剂;无嘌呤核酸;ara-CDP-DL-PTBA;精氨酸脱氨酶;阿苏拉尼(asulacrine);阿他美坦;阿莫司汀;阿新司坦汀1(axinastatin1);阿新司坦汀2;阿新司坦汀3;阿扎司琼;阿扎毒素;重氮酪氨酸;浆果赤霉素III衍生物;巴览醇(balanol);巴马司他;BCR/ABL拮抗剂;苯并二氢卟酚(benzochlorins);苯甲酰星孢素;β内酰胺衍生物;β-alethine;亚阿克拉霉素B;桦木酸;bFGF抑制剂;比卡鲁胺;比生群;双氮丙啶基精胺;双奈法德;bistrateneA;比折来新;布度钛(breflate);溴匹立明;布多替钛;丁硫氨酸亚砜胺;卡泊三醇;抑激酶素C(calphostinC);喜树碱衍生物;卡培他滨;甲酰胺-氨基-三唑;羟基酰氨基三唑;CaRestM3;CARN700;软骨源性抑制剂;卡折来新;酪蛋白激酶抑制剂(ICOS);澳粟精胺;杀菌肽B;西曲瑞克;绿素类(chlorlns);氯喹噁啉磺酰胺;西卡前列素;顺式-卟啉;克拉屈滨;克罗米芬类似物;克霉唑;collismycinA;collismycinB;考布他汀A4;考布他汀类似物;conagenin;crambescidin816;克立那托;缩酚酸肽(cryptophycin)8;缩酚酸肽A衍生物;curacinA;环戊烯蒽醌(cyclopentanthraquinone);cycloplatam;cypemycin;阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸盐;细胞溶解因子;细胞抑制素(cytostatin);达昔单抗;地西他滨;阿糖胞苷酯脱氢海鞘环肽B;地洛瑞林;地塞米松;右异环磷酰胺;右雷佐生;右维拉帕米;地吖醌;海鞘环肽B(didemninB);didox;二乙基去甲精胺;二氢-5-氮杂胞苷;二氢紫杉醇,9;二噁霉素(dioxamycin);二苯基螺莫司汀;多西他赛;二十二醇;多拉司琼;去氧氟尿苷;多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;屈大麻酚;duocarmycinSA;依布硒(ebselen);依考莫司汀;依地福新;依决洛单抗;依氟鸟氨酸;榄香烯;乙嘧替氟;表柔比星;爱普列特;雌莫司汀类似物;雌激素激动剂;雌激素拮抗剂;依他硝唑;磷酸依托泊苷;依西美坦;法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;非格司亭;非那司提;夫拉平度(flavopiridol);氟卓斯汀;fluasterone;氟达拉滨;盐酸fluorodaunorunicin;福酚美克;福美坦;福司曲星;福莫司汀;钆替沙林(gadoliniumtexaphyrin);硝酸镓;加洛他滨;加尼瑞克;明胶酶抑制剂;吉西他滨;谷胱甘肽抑制剂;hepsulfam;heregulin;六甲撑二乙酰胺;金丝桃素;伊班膦酸;伊达比星;艾多昔芬;伊决孟酮;伊莫福新;伊洛马司他;伊马替尼(),咪喹莫特;免疫刺激肽;胰岛素样生长因子-1受体抑制剂;干扰素激动剂;干扰素;白介素;碘苄胍;碘阿霉素;4-甘薯苦醇;伊罗普拉;伊索拉定;isobengazole;isohomohalicondrinB;伊他司琼;jasplakinolide;kahalalideF;三醋酸片螺素-N;兰瑞肽;leinamycin;来格司亭;硫酸蘑菇多糖;leptolstatin;来曲唑;白血病抑制因子;白细胞α干扰素;亮丙立德+雌激素+黄体酮;亮丙瑞林;左旋咪唑;利阿唑;直链多胺类似物;亲脂性二糖肽;亲脂性铂化合物;亲脂铂化合物;澳棕三甲胺7(lissoclinamide7);洛铂;胍乙基磷酸丝氨酸;洛美曲索;氯尼达明;洛索蒽醌;洛索立宾;勒托替康;德克萨卟啉镥;利索茶碱;裂解肽;美坦辛;制甘糖酶素A;马立马司他;马索罗酚;maspin;基质溶解因子抑制剂;基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂;美诺立尔;merbarone;美替瑞林;蛋氨酸酶;甲氧氯普胺;MIF抑制剂;米非司酮;米替福新;米立司亭;米托胍腙;二溴卫矛醇;丝裂霉素类似物;米托萘胺;mitotoxin成纤维细胞生长因子-皂草素;米托蒽醌;莫法罗汀;莫拉司亭;爱必妥,人绒毛膜促性腺激素;单磷酸类脂A+分枝杆菌细胞壁sk;莫哌达醇;芥子类抗癌剂;mycaperoxideB;分枝杆菌细胞壁提取物;myriaporone;N-乙酰基地那林(N-acetyldinaline);N-取代的苯甲酰胺;那法瑞林;那瑞替喷;纳洛酮+喷他佐辛;napavin;naphterpin;那托司亭;奈达铂;奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin);奈立膦酸;尼鲁米特;nisamycin;一氧化氮调节剂;硝基氧抗氧剂;nitrullyn;奥利默森(oblimersen)();O6-苯甲基鸟嘌呤;奥曲肽;okicenone;寡核苷酸;奥那司酮;昂丹司琼;昂丹司琼;oracin;口服细胞因子诱导物;奥马铂;奥沙特隆;奥沙利铂;oxaunomycin;紫杉醇;紫杉醇类似物;紫杉醇衍生物;帕劳胺(palauamine);棕榈酰基根霉素;帕米膦酸;人参三醇;帕诺米芬;菌铁素;帕折普汀;培门冬酶;培得星;戊聚糖多硫酸钠;喷司他丁;喷曲唑(pentrozole);全氟溴烷;培磷酰胺;紫苏子醇;苯连氮霉素;苯乙酸酯;磷酸酶抑制剂;溶血性链球菌制剂(picibanil);盐酸毛果芸香碱;吡柔比星;吡曲克辛;placetinA;placetinB;纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂;铂络合物;铂化合物;铂-三胺络合物;卟菲尔钠;泊非霉素;泼尼松;丙基双吖啶酮;前列腺素J2;蛋白酶体抑制剂;基于蛋白质A的免疫调节剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂,microalgal;蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂;嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂;紫红素;吡唑啉吖啶;吡哆醛化血红蛋白聚氧乙烯结合物;raf拮抗剂;雷替曲塞;雷莫司琼;ras法呢基蛋白质转移酶抑制剂;ras抑制剂;ras-GAP抑制剂;脱甲基的瑞替普汀;羟乙二磷酸铼Re186;根霉素;核酶;RII视黄酰胺;罗希吐碱;罗莫肽;罗喹美克;rubiginoneB1;ruboxyl;沙芬戈;saintopin;SarCNU;sarcophytolA;沙莫司亭;Sdi1模拟物;司莫司汀;衰老源抑制剂1;正义寡核苷酸;信号转导抑制剂;西佐喃;索布佐生;硼卡钠;苯基乙酸钠;solverol;促生长因子结合蛋白(splenopentin);索纳明;膦门冬酸;spicamycinD;螺莫司汀;脾脏五肽(splenopentin);spongistatin1;角鲨胺;stipiamide;基质降解酶抑制剂;索非罗新(sulfinosine);超活性血管活性肠肽拮抗剂;suradista;苏拉明;苦马豆碱;他莫司汀;他莫昔芬甲碘化物;牛碘莫司汀;他佐罗汀;替可加兰钠;替加氟;tellurapyrylium;端粒酶抑制剂;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;四氯十氧化物(tetrachlorodecaoxide);tetrazomine;菌体胚素;噻可拉林;血小板生成素;血小板生成素模拟物;胸腺法新;促胸腺生成素受体激动剂;胸腺曲南;促甲状腺激素;本紫红素乙酯锡;替拉扎明;二氯环戊二烯钛;topsentin;托瑞米芬;转化抑制剂;维甲酸;三乙酰尿苷;曲西立滨;三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;托烷司琼;妥罗雄脲;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;UBC抑制剂;乌苯美司;泌尿生殖窦源生长抑制因子;尿激酶受体拮抗剂;伐普肽;variolinB;维拉雷琐;藜芦明;verdins;维替泊芬;长春瑞滨;维夏汀(vinxaltine);维他新(vitaxin);伏氯唑;扎诺特隆;折尼铂;亚苄维C;和净司他丁斯酯(Zinostatinstimalamer)。
另外其他的第二活性剂包括,但不限于,2-甲氧雌甾二醇、端粒酶素(telomestatin)、多发性骨髓瘤细胞的凋亡诱导剂(例如,例如TRAIL)、他汀类、司马沙尼(semaxanib)、环孢菌素、依那西普、多西环素、硼替佐米、奥利默森()、瑞米凯德(remicade)、多西他赛、塞来考昔、美法仑、地塞米松()、类固醇、吉西他滨、顺铂、替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、环磷酰胺、替莫多司、卡铂、丙卡巴肼、格立得(gliadel)、他莫昔芬、托泊替康、甲氨蝶呤、紫杉酚、泰索帝、氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸、依立替康、希罗达、CPT-11、干扰素α、聚乙二醇化干扰素a(例如,聚乙二醇内含子A(PEGINTR0N-A))、卡培他滨、顺铂、塞替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、紫杉特尔(doxetaxol)、紫杉醇、长春碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来膦酸、帕米磷酸(palmitronate)、克拉霉素、白消安、泼尼松、二膦酸盐、三氧化二砷、长春新碱、多柔比星()、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、多柔比星、雌莫司汀磷酸钠()、舒林酸和依托泊苷。
在另一种实施方式中,根据待治疗、预防或控制的适应症,可以在下列文献中找到具体第二试剂的实例,所有文献的全部内容并入本文:美国专利号6,281,230和5,635,517;美国公开号2004/0220144、2004/0190609、2004/0087546、2005/0203142、2004/0091455、2005/0100529、2005/0214328、2005/0239842、2006/0154880、2006/0122228和2005/0143344;以及美国临时申请号60/631,870。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制疼痛的第二活性试剂的实例包括,但不限于:用于治疗或预防疼痛的常规治疗药,例如抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、抗高血压药、抗焦虑药、钙通道阻滞药、肌肉松弛药、非麻醉止痛剂、阿片类镇痛药、抗炎药、COX-2抑制剂、免疫调节剂、α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂或拮抗剂、免疫抑制剂、皮质类固醇、高压氧、氯胺酮、其他麻醉剂、NMDA拮抗剂、和在例如Physician’sDeskReference2003中找到的其他治疗剂。具体实例包括,但不限于:乙酰水杨酸()、塞来考昔()、氯胺酮、加巴喷丁()、苯妥英()、卡马西平()、奥卡西平()、丙戊酸()、硫酸吗啡、氢吗啡酮、泼尼松、灰黄霉素、溴戊双铵(penthonium)、阿仑膦酸盐、dyphenhydramide、胍乙啶、酮咯酸()、降钙素、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、可乐宁()、溴苄胺、酮色林、利血平、氟哌利多、阿托品、酚妥拉明、布比卡因、利多卡因、对乙酰氨基酚、去甲替林()、阿米替林()、丙咪嗪()、多虑平()、氯米帕明()、氟西汀()、舍曲林()、萘普生、萘法唑酮()、文拉法辛()、曲唑酮()、安非他酮()、美西律、硝苯地平、普萘洛尔、曲马多、拉莫三嗪、伟克适(Vioxx)、齐考诺肽、氯胺酮、美沙芬、苯二氮卓、巴氯芬、替扎尼定和苯氧苄胺。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制黄斑变性和相关综合征的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:类固醇、光敏剂、整合素、抗氧剂、干扰素、黄嘌呤衍生物、生长激素、神经营养因子、新生血管形成调节剂、抗-VEGF抗体、前列腺素、抗生素、植物雌激素、抗炎化合物或血管生成抑制化合物、或其组合。具体实例包括,但不限于:维替泊芬、purlytin、抑制血管生成类固醇(angiostaticsteroid)、rhuFab、干扰素-2α、己酮可可碱、初卟啉锡、莫特沙芬、lucentis、镥、9-氟-11,21-二羟基-16,17-1-甲基次乙基二(氧基)孕-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮、拉坦前列素(参见美国专利号6,225,348)、四环素及其衍生物、利福霉素及其衍生物、大环内酯、甲硝唑(美国专利号6,218,369和6,015,803)、染料木黄酮、染料木苷、6'-O-Mal染料木苷、6'-O-Ac染料木苷、黄豆苷元、黄豆苷、6'-O-Mal黄豆苷、6'-O-Ac黄豆苷、黄豆黄素、大豆球蛋白、6'O-Mal大豆球蛋白、鹰嘴豆素A、芒柄花黄素(美国专利号6,001,368)、曲安奈德、地塞米松(美国专利No.5,770,589)、沙利度胺、谷胱甘肽(美国专利No.5,632,984)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、转化生长因子b(TGF-b)、脑源神经营养因子(BDNF)、2型纤溶酶原活化因子(PAI-2)、EYE101(EyetechPharmaceuticals)、LY333531(EliLilly)、Miravant和RETISERT植入物(Bausch&Lomb)。将本文引用的所有参考文献的全部内容并入作为参考。
可以用于治疗、预防和/或控制皮肤病的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:角质层分离剂,类视色素、α-羟基酸、抗生素、胶原蛋白、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素、类固醇和免疫调节剂。具体实例包括,但不限于:5-氟尿嘧啶、马索罗酚、三氯乙酸、水杨酸、乳酸、乳酸铵、脲、维A酸、异维A酸、抗生素、胶原蛋白、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素、皮质类固醇、反式视黄酸和胶原蛋白,例如人胎盘胶原蛋白、动物胎盘胶原蛋白、真皮胶原(Dermalogen)、脱细胞真皮基质(Alloderm)、筋膜(Fascia)、人工真皮粉末(Cymetra)、自体胶原(Autologen)、牛胶原(Zyderm)、牛胶原(Zyplast)、Resoplast和艾斯丽质(Isolagen)。
可以用于治疗、预防和/或控制肺高压和相关病症的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:抗凝血药、利尿药、强心苷、钙离子通道阻滞药、血管扩张药、前列环素类似物、内皮素拮抗剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(例如PDEV抑制剂)、肽链内切酶抑制剂、脂质降低剂、血栓烷抑制剂、以及已知可降低肺动脉压的其他治疗剂。具体实例包括,但不限于:华法林()、利尿药、强心苷、地高辛-氧、地尔硫卓、硝苯地平、血管扩张药例如前列环素(例如前列腺素12(PGI2)、依前列醇((EPO,)、曲前列环素()、一氧化氮(NO)、波生坦()、氨氯地平、依前列醇()、曲前列环素()、前列环素、他达拉非()、辛伐他汀()、奥马曲拉()、厄贝沙坦()、普伐他汀()、地高辛、L-精氨酸、伊洛前列素、betaprost和西地那非()。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制石棉相关病症的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:蒽环类、铂、烷化剂、奥利默森()、顺铂、环磷酰胺、替莫多司、卡铂、丙卡巴肼、格立得、他莫昔芬、托泊替康、甲氨蝶呤、泰索帝、依立替康、卡培他滨、顺铂、噻替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、紫杉特尔(doxetaxol)、紫杉醇、长春碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来膦酸、palmitronate、克拉霉素(biaxin)、白消安、泼尼松、二膦酸盐、三氧化二砷、长春新碱、多柔比星()、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、阿霉素、博来霉素、透明质酸酶、丝裂霉素C、米帕林、噻替派、四环素和吉西他滨。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制寄生虫病的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:氯喹、奎宁、奎尼丁、乙胺嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、多西环素、克林霉素、甲氟喹、卤泛群、伯氨喹、羟氯奎、氯胍、阿托伐醌、阿奇毒素、苏拉明、喷他脒、美拉胂醇、硝呋噻氧、苄硝唑、两性霉素B、五价锑化合物(例如葡糖酸锑钠)、干扰素γ、伊曲康唑、死亡前鞭毛体和BCG的组合、亚叶酸、皮质类固醇、磺酰胺、螺旋霉素、IgG(血清学)、甲氧苄啶、和磺胺甲噁唑。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制免疫缺陷病症的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:抗生素(治疗性的或预防性的),例如但不限于氨苄青霉素、四环素、青霉素、头孢菌素类、链霉素、卡那霉素、和红霉素;抗病毒药,例如但不限于,金刚烷胺、金刚烷乙胺、阿昔洛韦、和利巴韦林;免疫球蛋白;血浆;免疫增强药,例如但不限于,左旋咪唑和异丙肌苷;生物制剂,例如但不限于,丙种球蛋白、转移因子、白介素和干扰素;激素,例如但不限于,胸腺激素;和其他免疫学试剂,例如但不限于,B细胞刺激物(例如,BAFF/BlyS)、细胞因子(例如,IL-2、IL-4和IL-5)、生长因子(例如TGF-α)、抗体(例如抗-CD40和IgM)、包含未甲基化的CpG基序的寡核苷酸和疫苗(例如,病毒和肿瘤肽疫苗)。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制CNS病症的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:阿片类药;多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂,例如但不限于:左旋多巴、L-DOPA、可卡因、α-甲基酪氨酸、利血平、丁苯那嗪、苯托品(benzotropine)、帕吉林、甲磺酸非诺多潘(fenodolpammesylate)、卡麦角林、二盐酸普拉克索、罗匹尼罗、盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸司来吉兰、卡比多巴、甲磺酸培高利特、SinemetCR和金刚烷胺;MAO抑制剂,例如但不限于,异丙异肼、氯吉兰、苯乙肼和异唑肼;COMT抑制剂,例如但不限于,托卡朋和恩他卡朋;胆碱酯酶抑制剂,例如但不限于,水杨酸毒扁豆碱、硫酸毒扁豆碱、溴化毒扁豆碱、溴化新斯的明、甲基硫酸新斯的明、安贝氯铵、依酚氯铵、他克林、氯解磷定、双复磷、溴化双解磷、二乙酰肟(diacetylmonoxim)、endrophonium、吡啶斯的明和地美溴铵(demecarium);抗炎药,例如但不限于,萘普生钠、双氯酚酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、奥沙普秦、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、Rho-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环胞菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、阿司匹林、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉嗪、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、奥沙普秦、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、匹伏昔康(pivoxicam)、替诺昔康、保泰松、羟布宗、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通(ziteuton)、金硫葡糖、硫代苹果酸金钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌醇、丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮和苯溴马隆或倍他米松及其他糖皮质激素;和止吐剂,例如但不限于,甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮、普鲁氯嗪、异丙嗪、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、羟嗪、乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺、阿立必利、阿扎司琼、苯喹胺、氨醇醋茶碱、溴必利、布克立嗪、氯波必利、赛克力嗪、茶苯海明、地芬尼多、多拉司琼、美克洛嗪、美沙拉妥、美托哌丙嗪、大麻隆、奥昔喷地、匹哌马嗪、东莨菪碱、舒必利、四氢大麻酚、硫乙拉嗪、硫丙拉嗪、托烷司琼及其混合物。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制CNS损伤和相关综合征的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、抗高血压药、抗惊厥药、纤维蛋白溶解剂、抗血小板剂、抗精神病药、抗抑郁剂、苯二氮卓类、丁螺环酮、金刚烷胺、及用于患有CNS损伤/损害和相关综合征的患者的其他已知或常用试剂。具体实施例包括,但不限于:类固醇(例如糖皮质激素,例如但不限于,甲泼尼龙、地塞米松和倍他米松);抗炎剂,包括,但不限于:萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、奥沙普秦、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、Rho-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环胞菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、阿司匹林、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉嗪、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、奥沙普秦、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、匹伏昔康(pivoxicam)、替诺昔康、保泰松、羟布宗、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、硫代苹果酸金钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌醇、丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮、和苯溴马隆;cAMP类似物,包括但不限于:db-cAMP;包含哌甲酯药物的试剂,其包括l-苏式-哌甲酯、d-苏式-哌甲酯、dl-苏式-哌甲酯、l-赤式-哌甲酯、d-赤式-哌甲酯、dl-赤式-哌甲酯及其混合物;和利尿剂,例如但不限于,甘露醇、呋塞米、甘油和脲。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制睡眠功能障碍和相关综合征的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:三环抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂、抗癫痫药(加巴喷丁、普加巴林、卡马西平、奥卡西平、左乙拉西坦、托吡酯)、抗心律失常剂、钠通道阻断剂、选择性炎症介质抑制剂、阿片类试剂、第二免疫调节化合物、组合试剂及用于睡眠疗法的其他已知或常用试剂。具体实例包括,但不限于:加巴喷丁、奥施康定、吗啡、托吡酯、阿米替林、去甲替林、卡马西平、左旋多巴、L-DOPA、可卡因、α-甲基酪氨酸、利血平、丁苯那嗪、苯托品、帕吉林、甲磺酸非诺多潘、卡麦角林、二盐酸普拉克索、罗匹尼罗、盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸司来吉兰、卡比多巴、甲磺酸培高利特、SinemetCR、金刚烷胺、异丙烟肼、氯吉兰、苯乙肼、异卡波肼、托卡朋、恩他卡朋、水杨酸毒扁豆碱、硫酸毒扁豆碱、溴化毒扁豆碱、溴化新斯的明、甲基硫酸新斯的明、安贝氯铵、依酚氯铵、他克林、氯解磷定、双复磷、溴化双解磷、二乙酰一肟、endrophoninm、吡斯的明、地美溴铵、萘普生钠、双氯酚酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、奥沙普秦、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、Rho-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环胞菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、阿司匹林、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉嗪、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、奥沙普秦、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、匹伏昔康(pivoxicam)、替诺昔康、保泰松、羟布宗、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、硫代苹果酸金钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌醇、丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮、苯溴马隆、倍他米松及其他糖皮质激素、甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮、普鲁氯嗪、异丙嗪、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、羟嗪、乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺、阿立必利、阿扎司琼、苯喹胺、氨醇醋茶碱、溴必利、布克立嗪、氯波必利、赛克力嗪、茶苯海明、地芬尼多、多拉司琼、美克洛嗪、美沙拉妥、美托哌丙嗪、大麻隆、奥昔喷地、匹哌马嗪、东莨菪碱、舒必利、四氢大麻酚、硫乙拉嗪、硫丙拉嗪、托烷司琼及其混合物。
可以用于治疗、预防和/或控制血红蛋白病和相关病症的第二活性剂的实例包括,但不限于:白介素,例如IL-2(包括重组IL-II(“rIL2”)和金丝雀痘IL-2)、IL-10、IL-12和IL-18;干扰素,例如干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、干扰素α-n1、干扰素α-n3、干扰素β-Ia和干扰素γ-Ib;和G-CSF;羟基脲;丁酸酯或丁酸酯衍生物;一氧化二氮;羟基脲;HEMOXINTM(NIPRISANTM;参见美国专利号5,800,819);Gardos通道拮抗剂,例如克霉唑和三芳基甲烷衍生物;去铁胺;蛋白C;和输血;或输入血液代用品例如HemospanTM或HemospanMPS(Sangart)。
4.2.用于制备剂量形式的方法
本文提供的剂量形式能够通过任一种药学方法制备,但是所有方法都包括活性成分与构成一种或多种必需成分的赋形剂混合的步骤。通常,该组合物是通过均匀地混合(例如直接掺合)活性成分与液体赋形剂或细碎的固体赋形剂或两者,然后如有必要,将产物制成期望的形状(例如,压制,例如辊压)来制备。如果需要,可以采用标准的水性或非水性技术来包衣片剂。
可以通过压制或模制来制备本文提供的剂量形式,可选地具有一种或多种辅助成分。压制片可以通过在适合的机器中压制呈自由流动形式的活性成分(例如粉末或颗粒),可选地与如上文所述的赋形剂和/或表面活性剂或分散剂混合来制备。模压片可以通过在适合的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末化合物的混合物来制备。可以使用甲基纤维素、海藻酸钙或明胶的胶囊来进行本文提供的剂量形式的包封。
在一些实施方式中,将活性成分和赋形剂直接混合,并装填到例如胶囊中,或者直接压制成片剂。在某些情况下,直接混合剂量形式可比压制的(例如辊压)剂量形式更有利,因为直接混合能够减少或消除可能在使用压制工艺制造期间由成分的风媒(airborne)颗粒引起的有害健康影响。
在某些情况下,直接混合制剂可以是有利的,因为在加工成最终剂量形式(例如片剂或胶囊)之前仅需要一个混合活性成分和赋形剂的步骤。这可能够减少风媒颗粒或粉尘的产生,而辊压过程易于产生粉尘。在辊压过程中,通常将压制的物料研磨成较小的颗粒用于进一步处理。研磨操作会产生大量的风媒颗粒,因为在制造过程中该步骤的目的是减小物料的粒径。然后,将研磨的物料与其他成分混合,之后制备成最终剂量形式。
对于某些活性成分,尤其是对于具有低溶解度的化合物,将活性成分的颗粒尺寸减小至细粉末,以便有助于增加活性成分的溶解速率。增加溶解速率通常是活性成分在胃肠道中有效吸收所必须的。然而,对于直接混合并装填到胶囊中的细粉末,赋形剂应当优选地提供使该成分适于直接混合加工的某些特性。这样的特性的实例包括但不限于可接受的流动特性。因此,在一种实施方式中,本文提供了可提供使得到的混合物适于直接混合加工的特性(例如,良好的流动特性)的赋形剂的用途及包括该赋形剂的组合物。在某些实施方式中,干混片剂制剂是制备本文提供的片剂的优选方式。
4.2.1.过筛
用于制备本发明的药物组合物的方法优选地包括活性成分和(一种或多种)赋形剂过筛。在一种实施方式中,活性成分通过具有约200微米至约750微米筛孔的筛。在另一种实施方式中,活性成分通过具有约200微米至约400微米筛孔的筛。在一种实施方式中,活性成分通过具有约300至约400微米的筛孔的筛。取决于所使用的赋形剂,筛孔可以变化。例如,崩解剂和粘结剂通过约430微米至约750微米、约600微米至约720微米、或约710微米的筛孔。润滑剂通常通过较小的筛孔,例如约150微米至约250微米筛。在一种实施方式中,润滑剂通过约210微米的筛。
4.2.2.预混
在各成分过筛之后,在扩散混合器中混合赋形剂和活性成分。在一种实施方式中,混合时间为约1分钟至约50分钟,约5分钟至约45分钟,约10分钟至约40分钟,或约10分钟至约25分钟。在另一种实施方式中,混合时间为约15分钟。
当使用一种以上的赋形剂时,在与活性成分混合之前,赋形剂可以在转鼓式混合器(tumbleblender)中混合约1分钟至约20分钟,或约5分钟至约10分钟。
4.2.3.辊压
在一种实施方式中,预混物可以可选地通过辊压机,在该辊压机的出料口连接锤磨机。
4.2.4.最终混合
当使用润滑剂(例如硬脂酰醇富马酸钠)时,在该过程结束时将润滑剂与预混物混合,以得到药物组合物。这一附加的混合为约1分钟至约10分钟,或约3分钟至约5分钟。
4.2.5.包封
然后,使用如胶囊填充机或旋转压片机将制剂混合物可选地装填到所需尺寸的胶囊壳中。
4.2.6.压片
也可以利用例如压片机或其他常规压片设备和标准技术,将制剂混合物压制成(例如,经由压制、压缩或模制)期望尺寸和形状的片剂。
4.3.试剂盒
本文还提供了包含本文提供的药物组合物或剂量形式的药物包装或试剂盒。试剂盒的一个实例包括由管理药品或生物制品的生产、使用或销售的政府指定机构指定形式的产品说明,该产品说明反映政府机构对人类给药的生产、使用或销售的批准。
4.4.治疗、预防和控制的方法
本文提供了利用本文提供的制剂、组合物或剂量形式来治疗、预防和/或控制某些疾病或病症的方法。
疾病或病症的实例包括,但不限于:癌症、与血管发生相关的病症、疼痛包括但不限于复杂区域性疼痛综合征(“CRPS”)、黄斑变性(“MD”)和相关综合征、皮肤病、肺部病症、石棉相关病症、寄生虫病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉粥样硬化和相关病症、睡眠障碍和相关病症、血红蛋白病和相关病症(例如贫血)、结核病和相关病症、TNFα相关病症、以及其他各种疾病和病症。
癌症和癌前病症的实例包括,但不限于以下文献中描述的那些:授予Muller等人的美国专利号6,281,230和5,635,517;Zeldis的多个美国专利申请,包括2004年11月4日公布的公开号2004/0220144A1(骨髓增生异常综合征的治疗,TreatmentofMyelodysplasticSyndrome);2004年2月12日公开的2004/0029832A1(各种类型癌症的治疗,TreatmentofVariousTypesofCancer);和2004年5月6日公开的2004/0087546(骨髓增生性疾病的治疗,TreatmentofMyeloproliferativeDiseases)。实例还包括2004年12月2日公开的WO2004/103274中描述的那些。将所有这些参考文献的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
癌症的某些实例包括,但不限于:皮肤癌例如黑素瘤;淋巴结癌;乳腺癌;宫颈癌;子宫癌;胃肠道癌;肺癌;卵巢癌;前列腺癌;结肠癌;直肠癌;口腔癌;脑癌;头颈癌;咽喉癌;睾丸癌;肾癌;胰腺癌;骨癌;脾癌;肝癌;膀胱癌;喉癌;鼻道癌;和AIDS-相关癌症。所述化合物也可用于治疗血癌和骨髓癌,例如多发性骨髓瘤及急性和慢性白血病,例如成淋巴细胞性白血病、成髓细胞性白血病、淋巴细胞性白血病和髓细胞性白血病。本文提供的化合物可用于治疗、预防或控制原发性或转移性肿瘤。
其他癌症包括,但不限于:晚期恶性肿瘤、淀粉样变性、成神经细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、血管外皮细胞瘤、多发性脑转移、多形性成胶质细胞瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、脑干胶质瘤、预后不良恶性脑肿瘤、恶性胶质瘤、复发性恶性胶质瘤、多形性成胶质细胞瘤、多形性少突神经胶质瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤、直肠腺癌、DukesC&D结肠直肠癌、不可切除的结肠直肠癌、转移性肝细胞癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、核型急性成髓细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、皮肤T-细胞淋巴瘤、皮肤B-细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B-细胞淋巴瘤、低级滤泡性淋巴瘤、转移性黑素瘤(局部黑素瘤,包括,但不限于眼黑素瘤)、恶性间皮瘤、恶性胸腔积液间皮瘤综合征、腹膜癌、乳头状浆液性癌、妇科肉瘤、软组织肉瘤、硬皮病、皮肤血管炎、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症、平滑肌肉瘤、进行性骨化性纤维发育不良、激素难治性前列腺癌、切除性高危软组织肉瘤、不可切除的肝细胞癌、Waldenstrom’s巨球蛋白血症、郁积性骨髓瘤、无痛性骨髓瘤、输卵管癌、雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌、雄激素依赖性IV期非转移性前列腺癌、激素不敏感性前列腺癌、化疗-不敏感性前列腺癌、乳头状甲状腺癌、滤泡性甲状腺癌、甲状腺髓样癌和平滑肌瘤。在一种具体实施方式中,所述癌症是转移癌。在另一种实施方式中,所述癌症是化疗或放射难治的或对其有抗性的癌症。
在一种实施方式中,所述疾病或病症为各种形式的白血病,例如慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、急性髓性白血病和急性成髓细胞性白血病,包括复发的、难治的或有抗性的白血病,如在2006年2月9日公开的美国专利公开号2006/0030594中所公开的,将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。
术语“白血病”是指血液形成组织的恶性肿瘤。白血病包括,但不限于:慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病和急性成髓细胞性白血病。所述白血病可以是复发的、难治的或对常规治疗有抗性的。术语“复发的”是指在治疗后白血病已经好转的患者的骨髓中白血病细胞重新出现以及正常血细胞减少的情况。术语“难治的或有抗性的是”指即使在强化治疗后,患者的骨髓中仍具有残留白血病细胞的情况。
在另一种实施方式中,所述疾病或病症为各种类型的淋巴瘤,包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)。术语“淋巴瘤”是指在网状内皮和淋巴系统中产生的异源群肿瘤。“NHL”是指在免疫系统的位点淋巴样细胞的恶性单克隆增殖,所述免疫系统的位点包括淋巴结、骨髓、脾、肝和胃肠道。NHL的实例包括,但不限于:套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、中度分化的淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、中间淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(ILL)、弥散性低分化淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(PDL)、中心细胞性淋巴瘤(centrocyticlymphoma)、弥漫性小核裂细胞淋巴瘤(DSCCL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤和在显微镜下可见的任何类型的套细胞淋巴瘤(结节状淋巴瘤、弥漫性淋巴瘤、母细胞性淋巴瘤和套区淋巴瘤)。
与不期望的血管发生相关的或以其为特征的疾病和病症的实例包括,但不限于:炎性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、病毒性疾病、遗传性疾病、过敏性疾病、细菌性疾病、眼部新生血管性疾病、脉络膜新生血管性疾病、视网膜新生血管性疾病、以及潮红(角的新生血管形成)。与不期望的血管发生相关的或以其为特征的疾病和病症的具体实例包括,但不限于:关节炎、子宫内膜异位、克隆病、心力衰竭、晚期心力衰竭、肾脏损伤、内毒素血症、中毒性休克综合征、骨关节炎、逆转录病毒复制、消瘦、脑膜炎、二氧化硅诱发的纤维化、石棉诱发的纤维化、兽医学病症、恶性肿瘤相关的高钙血症、中风、循环性休克、牙周炎、齿龈炎、巨红细胞性贫血、难治性贫血、和5q-缺失综合征。
疼痛的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年9月15日公开的美国专利公开号2005/0203142中描述的那些,将其通过引用并入本文。疼痛的具体类型包括,但不限于:伤害性疼痛、神经性疼痛、伤害性疼痛和神经性疼痛的混合型疼痛、内脏痛、偏头痛、头痛、和术后疼痛。
伤害性疼痛的实例包括,但不限于:与化学或热烧伤相关的疼痛、皮肤割伤、皮肤擦伤、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、腱炎、和筋膜疼痛。
神经性疼痛的实例包括,但不限于:I型CRPS、II型CRPS、反射交感性营养不良(RSD)、反射神经血管性营养不良、反射性营养不良、交感神经持续性疼痛综合征、灼性神经痛、Sudeck骨萎缩、痛觉神经营养不良、肩手综合征、创伤后营养不良、三叉神经痛、疱疹后神经痛、癌症相关疼痛、幻肢痛、纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合征、脊髓损伤性疼痛、中枢中风后疼痛、神经根病、糖尿病性神经病、中风后疼痛、梅毒性神经病、及其他疼痛性神经性病症,例如由药物如长春新碱和硼替佐米(velcade)引起的那些。
本发明使用的术语“复杂区域性疼痛综合征”、“CRPS”和“CRPS和相关综合征”是指具有一种或多种下述特征的慢性疼痛病症:疼痛,无论是自发性或诱发性,其包括,异常性疼痛(对通常不引起疼痛的刺激的疼痛反应)和痛觉过敏(对通常仅引起轻度疼痛的刺激的夸大反应);对刺激事件不相称的疼痛(例如踝扭伤后的数年严重疼痛);不限于单一周围神经分布的局部疼痛;和与营养性皮肤改变(毛发和指甲生长异常,以及皮肤溃疡)相关的自主神经失调(例如水肿、血流改变和多汗)。
黄斑变性(MD)和相关综合征的实例包括,但不限于:在2004年5月13日公开的美国专利公开号2004/0091455中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:萎缩性(干性)MD、渗出性(湿性)MD、老年性相关黄斑病(ARM)、脉络膜新生血管形成(CNVM)、视网膜色素上皮脱落(PED)、和视网膜色素上皮萎缩(RPE)。
皮肤病的实例包括,但不限于:2005年9月29日公开的美国专利公开号2005/0214328A1中描述的那些,将其通过引用并入本文。具体的实例包括,但不限于:角化病和相关症状、以表皮的过度生长为特征的皮肤疾病或病症、痤疮和皱纹。
本发明使用的术语“角化病”是指以存在角质层的局限性过度生长为标志的任何表皮病变,包括但不限于:光化性角化病、脂溢性角化病、角化棘皮瘤、毛囊角化病(达里耶病)、内翻性毛囊角化病、掌跖角皮病(PPK,掌跖角化症)、毛发角化病和灰泥角化病。术语“光化性角化病”也指老年性角化病、老年角化病、老年疣、老年性扁平疣(planasenilis)、日光性角化病、角皮病、或角质瘤。术语“脂溢性角化病”也指皮脂溢性疣、老年疣或基底细胞乳头状瘤。角化病的特征是具有一个或多个下述症状:暴露表面(例如面部、手、耳朵、颈部、腿和胸部)的粗糙外观、鳞皮状、红斑丘疹、斑块、小穗或小瘤,被称为皮角的角蛋白瘤,过度角化,毛细管扩张,弹性组织变性,含色素小痣,棘皮症,角化不全,角化不良症,乳头状瘤病,基底细胞色素过度沉积,细胞异型性,有丝分裂象,异常细胞间粘连,密集炎症渗透和鳞状细胞癌的小范围流行。
以表皮过度生长为特征的皮肤疾病或病症的实例包括,但不限于:以存在表皮过度生长为标志的任何病症、疾病或障碍,包括但不限于,与乳头状瘤病毒相关的感染、砷角化病、累-特二氏征、疣状角化不良瘤(WD)、小棘毛壅病(TS)、变异性红角皮病(EKV)、胎儿鱼鳞病(丑角样鱼鳞病)、指节垫、表皮黑素棘皮瘤、汗孔角化病、银屑病、鳞状细胞癌、融合性网状乳头状瘤(CRP)、软垂疣、皮角、考登病(多发性错构瘤综合征)、黑色丘疹性皮肤病(DPN)、表皮痣综合征(ENS)、寻常性鱼鳞癣、传染性软疣、结节性痒疹、和黑棘皮病(AN)。
肺部病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年10月27日公开的美国专利公开号2005/0239842A1中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括肺动脉高血压和相关病症。肺动脉高血压和相关病症的实例包括,但不限于:原发性肺动脉高压(PPH);继发性肺动脉高压(SPH);家族性PPH;偶发性PPH;前毛细血管肺动脉高血压;肺动脉高血压(PAH);肺动脉高血压;自发性肺动脉高血压;血栓性肺动脉病(TPA);致丛性(plexogenic)肺动脉病;功能性I型至IV型肺高压;和与以下疾病相关、涉及以下疾病或由以下疾病继发的肺动脉高血压:左心室异常、二尖瓣瓣膜病、缩窄性心包炎、主动脉瓣狭窄、心肌病、纵隔纤维变性、肺静脉异位引流、肺静脉闭塞症、胶原血管病、先天性心脏病、HIV病毒感染、药物和毒素例如氟苯丙胺、先天性心脏病、肺静脉高压、慢性阻塞性肺病、间质性肺病、睡眠呼吸障碍、肺泡换气不足病症、慢性高原病、新生儿肺病、肺泡-毛细管发育不良、镰状红细胞病、其他凝血障碍、慢性血栓栓塞、结缔组织疾病、狼疮包括全身性和皮肤性狼疮、血吸虫病、结节病或肺毛细管血管瘤病。
石棉-相关病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年5月12日公开的美国公开号2005/0100529中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:间皮瘤、石棉沉着病、恶性胸腔积液、良性渗出性积液、胸膜斑块、胸膜钙化、弥漫性胸膜肥厚、圆形肺不张、纤维变性团块、和肺癌。
寄生虫病的实例包括,但不限于:在2006年7月13日公开的美国公开号2006/0154880中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。寄生虫病包括由人胞内寄生物引起的疾病和病症,所述胞内寄生物例如,但不限于:恶性疟原虫(P.falcifarium)、卵形疟原虫(P.ovale)、间日疟原虫(P.vivax)、三日疟原虫(P.malariae)、杜氏利什曼原虫(L.donovari)、婴儿利什曼原虫(L.infantum)、埃塞俄比亚利什曼原虫(L.aethiopica)、硕大利什曼原虫(L.major)、热带利什曼原虫(L.tropica)、墨西哥利什曼原虫(L.mexicana)、巴西利什曼原虫(L.braziliensis)、猪弓形虫(T.Gondii)、仓鼠巴贝西原虫(B.microti)、分歧巴贝西原虫(B.divergens)、结肠巴贝西原虫(B.coli)、小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)、环孢子虫(C.cayetanensis)、赤痢阿米巴原虫(E.histolytica)、贝氏等孢球虫(I.belli)、曼氏血吸虫(S.mansonii)、肾脏血吸虫(S.haematobium)、锥虫(Trypanosomassp.)、弓形虫(Toxoplasmassp.)和蟠尾丝虫(O.volvulus)。也涵盖了由非人胞内寄生物引起的其他疾病和病症,所述非人胞内寄生物例如,但不限于:牛巴贝西原虫(Babesiabovis)、狗巴贝西原虫(Babesiacanis)、吉氏巴贝西原虫(BanesiaGibsoni)、蜥蜴的球孢子虫(Besnoitiadarlingi)、猫胞裂虫(Cytauxzoonfelis)、艾美耳球虫(Eimeriassp.)、哈芒球虫(Hammondiassp.)和泰勒虫(Theileriassp.)。具体实例包括,但不限于:疟疾、巴贝西虫病、锥虫病、利什曼病、弓形体病、脑膜脑炎、角膜炎、阿米巴病、贾第鞭毛虫病、隐孢子虫病、等孢子球虫病、环孢子虫病、微孢子虫病、蛔虫病、鞭虫病、钩虫病、类圆线虫病、弓蛔虫病、旋毛虫病、淋巴丝虫病、盘尾丝虫病、丝虫病、血吸虫病、和由动物血吸虫引起的皮炎。
免疫缺陷病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年11月30日提交的美国申请号11/289,723中描述的那些。具体实例包括,但不限于:腺苷脱氨酶缺乏、具有正常或升高Ig的抗体缺乏、毛细血管扩张性共济失调、淋巴细胞缺乏综合征、普通可变型免疫缺陷、具有过多的IgM的Ig不足、Ig重链缺失、IgA缺乏、具有胸腺瘤的免疫缺陷、网状细胞发育不全、Nezelof综合征、选择性IgG亚类缺乏、婴儿暂时性低丙种球蛋白血症、威-奥(Wistcott-Aldrich)综合征、X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症、X-连锁重症联合免疫缺陷。
CNS病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年6月30日公开的美国公开号2005/0143344中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:肌萎缩性侧索硬化、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、多发性硬化症、其他神经免疫性障碍例如Tourette综合征、谵妄(delerium)、或短期发生的认知紊乱、以及遗忘症,或在缺少其他中枢神经系统损伤时发生的零散记忆损伤。
CNS损伤和相关综合征的实例包括,但不限于:在2006年6月8日公开的美国公开号2006/0122228中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体的实例包括,但不限于:CNS损伤/损害和相关综合征,包括但不限于,原发性脑损伤、继发性脑损伤、外伤性脑损伤、局部脑损伤、弥漫性轴突损伤、头部损伤、脑震荡、脑震荡后综合征、脑挫伤和撕裂、硬脑膜下血肿、表皮血肿、创伤后癫痫、慢性植物状态、完全性SCI、不完全性SCI、急性SCI、亚急性SCI、慢性SCI、脊髓中央综合征、布朗-塞卡尔(氏)综合征、脊髓前角综合征、脊髓圆锥综合征、马尾综合征、神经原性休克、脊髓休克、认知水平改变、头痛、恶心、呕吐、记忆丧失、眩晕、复视、视力模糊、情绪不稳、睡眠障碍、易激惹、集中不能、紧张、行为损伤、认知缺陷和发作。
其他疾病或病症包括,但不限于:病毒性、遗传性、过敏性和自身免疫性疾病。具体实例包括,但不限于:HIV、肝炎、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、骨吸收疾病、慢性肺部炎症疾病、皮炎、囊性纤维化、败血症性休克、败血症、内毒素性休克、血液动力学休克、脓毒病综合征、局部缺血后再灌注损伤、脑膜炎、银屑病、纤维变性疾病、恶病质、移植物抗宿主病、移植排斥、自身免疫性疾病、类风湿性脊椎炎、克隆病、溃疡性结肠炎、炎性肠病、多发性硬化症、全身性红斑狼疮、麻风的ENL、放射损伤、癌症、哮喘或高氧性肺泡损伤。
动脉粥样硬化和相关病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2002年5月9日公开的美国公开号2002/0054899中公开的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:涉及动脉粥样硬化的所有形式的病症,包括,血管介入术(例如血管成形术、支架、经皮腔内斑块旋切术和移植)后的再狭窄。本发明包括所有形式的血管介入术,包括心血管和肾系统的疾病,例如但不限于:肾血管成形术、经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)、经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)、颈动脉经皮经腔血管成形术(PTA)、冠状旁路移植、具有支架植入的血管成形术、骼骨、股动脉或腘动脉的外周经皮经腔介入术、和使用浸渍的人造移植物的外科手术介入。下表提供了可能需要治疗的主要体动脉的列表,本文包括所有这些:
睡眠功能障碍和相关综合征的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年10月6日公开的美国公开号2005/0222209A1中公开的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:打鼾、睡眠性呼吸暂停、失眠症、发作性睡病、下肢不宁综合征、睡惊症、睡行症、睡眠进食,和与慢性神经性或炎症病症相关的睡眠不良。慢性神经性或炎症病症包括,但不限于:复杂区域性疼痛综合征、慢性腰痛、肌肉骨胳性疼痛、关节炎、神经根病、与癌症相关的疼痛、纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合征、内脏痛、膀胱痛、慢性胰腺炎、神经病(糖尿病性的、疱疹后的、外伤性的或炎性的),和神经变性病症例如帕金森症、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症、亨廷顿氏疾病、运动徐缓;肌肉强直;帕金森震颤;帕金森步态;运动冻结;抑郁症;长期记忆缺失;鲁-泰二氏(Rubinstein-Taybi)综合征(RTS);痴呆、姿势不稳定性;运动机能减退性病症;突触核蛋白病症;多系统萎缩;纹状体黑质变性;橄榄桥脑小脑萎缩;夏-德综合征;具有帕金森病特征的运动神经元病;路易体痴呆;Tau病理学病症;进行性核上性麻痹;皮质基底节变性;额颞性痴呆;淀粉状蛋白病理学病症;轻度认知缺陷;伴有帕金森病的阿尔茨海默病;威尔逊病;哈勒沃登-施帕茨病;Chediak-Hagashi疾病;SCA-3脊髓小脑性共济失调;X-连锁张力帕金森病;朊病毒疾病;运动过度性病症;舞蹈病;颤搐;张力病症性震颤;肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS);CNS创伤及肌阵挛。
血红蛋白病和相关病症的实例包括,但不限于:在2005年6月30日公开的美国公开号2005/0143420A1中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:血红蛋白病、镰状细胞贫血和与CD34+细胞分化相关的任何其他病症。
结核病(TB)和相关病症的实例包括,但不限于在2010年2月9日提交的PCT公开号WO2010/093588中描述的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于肺部TB和肺外TB(远程TB损害),例如但不限于泌尿生殖器TB(例如,肾TB)、结核性脑膜炎、粟粒性TB、结核性腹膜炎、结核性心包炎、结核性淋巴结炎、骨和关节TB、胃肠道TB和肝脏TB。在某些实施方式中,本文提供治疗、预防和/或控制与TB相关的症状的方法。实例包括,但不限于咳嗽、呼吸困难、肺门淋巴结病、肺段性肺膨胀不全、结节肿胀、肺叶性膨胀不全、肺空化、发热、不间断的头痛、恶心、困倦、恍惚、昏迷、颈强直、虚弱和不安。
与TB相关的病症包括其他分枝杆菌感染,其症状类似于TB的症状。这种病症的实例包括,但不限于由鸟分枝杆菌复合物(MAC;鸟分枝杆菌(M.avium)和胞内分枝杆菌(M.intracellulare))、堪萨斯分枝杆菌(M.kansasii)、蟾蜍分枝杆菌(M.xenopy)、海分枝杆菌(M.marinum)、溃疡分枝杆菌(M.ulcerans)、麻风分枝杆菌(M.leprae)和偶然分枝杆菌复合物(偶然分枝杆菌(M.fortuitum)和龟分枝杆菌(M.chelonei))引起的病症。由这些分枝杆菌引起的病症的实例包括,但不限于肺病、淋巴结炎、皮肤疾病、伤口和异物感染。在某些实施方式中,本文还涵盖其他肉芽肿疾病的治疗、预防和/或控制。这种疾病的实例包括,但不限于:致病原引起的疾病例如组织胞浆菌病、隐球菌病、血吸虫病和利什曼病;过敏性反应引起的疾病,例如铍中毒;非致病原引起的疾病例如吸入性肺炎和异物反应;遗传引起的疾病例如慢性肉芽肿性疾病;以及未知原因引起的疾病例如结节病、克罗恩病和猫抓热。
TNFα相关病症的实例包括,但不限于:在WO98/03502和WO98/54170中描述的那些,将这两篇的全部内容都并入本文作为参考。具体实例包括,但不限于:内毒素血症或中毒性休克综合征;恶病质;成人呼吸窘迫综合征;骨吸收疾病例如关节炎;高钙血症;移植物抗宿主反应;脑型疟疾;炎症;肿瘤生长;慢性肺部炎症疾病;再灌注损伤;心肌梗死;中风;循环性休克;类风湿性关节炎;克隆病;HIV感染和AIDS;其他的病症例如类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、银屑病性关节炎及其他关节炎性病症、感染性休克、脓毒症、内毒素性休克、移植物抗宿主病、消瘦、克隆病、溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化、全身性红斑狼疮、麻风病中的ENL、HIV、AIDS和AIDS中的机会性感染;病症例如感染性休克、脓毒症、内毒素性休克、血液动力学休克和脓毒病综合征、局部缺血后再灌注损伤、疟疾、分枝杆菌感染、脑膜炎、银屑病、充血性心力衰竭、纤维变性疾病、恶病质、移植排斥、致癌或癌性病症、哮喘、自身免疫疾病、放射损伤和高氧性肺泡损伤;病毒感染,例如由疱疹病毒引起的那些;病毒性结膜炎;或特应性皮炎。
在其他实施方式中,还涵盖本文提供的制剂、组合物或剂量形式在各种免疫学应用中的用途,特别是作为疫苗助剂,尤其是抗癌疫苗助剂,如在2007年3月1日公开的美国公开号2007/0048327中公开的,将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。这些实施方式还涉及本文提供的组合物、制剂或剂量形式与疫苗联合使用,以治疗或预防癌症或感染性疾病,以及其他各种用途例如过敏性反应的减轻或脱敏。
5.实施例
通过参照下述实施例,可以更充分地理解本文提供的实施方式。这些实施例意味着阐述本文提供的和剂量形式,但不是以任何方式进行限制。
5.1.化合物A剂量片剂的配制
表1示出了一个批次的化合物A的无定形固体分散体的制剂和口服剂量制剂。
表1
*最大压实性等级微晶纤维素。
在替代方式中可以使用硬脂酸镁。
制备呈研磨热熔挤出粉末的化合物A在HPMC中的无定形固体分散体,然后与其余赋形剂和载体干混。
5.2.制剂的稳定性
在室温、40℃/75%RH和50℃/80%RH下评价加速稳定性。在1个月和3个月送样品进行硬度试验、进行分析和测定溶出度。
如图1所示,在室温下,硬度没有随时间下降。如图2和图4所示,具有保护性包装的片剂中,基本上所有活性药物成分都在10分钟内释放,并且在长达1年的时间内溶出度没有随时间发生改变,即使在加速条件下也是如此。如图3所示,在没有保护性包装的片剂中也观察到基本上类似的稳定性曲线(长达3个月)。
如表2所示,尽管对于所有条件,分析显示稳定性降低大约5%,但是对于所有条件,纯度保持恒定在99.6%。
表2
这些结果表明本文提供的制剂用于临床和其他用途均具有足够的稳定性,其满足高硬度(>70N)和快速崩解(<10分钟)的期望标准。使用AI-AI包装,观察到活性药物成分(“化合物A”)的溶出度或纯度没有变化,这表明热熔挤出的制剂是稳定的。
制剂中赋形剂的独特组合有助于使片剂具有低脆性和快速崩解特性。不受特定理论的限制,CeolusKG-1000由于其高压实性可在产生制剂所显示的性质中起到重要作用。
虽然本文提供了一些具体实施方式的实例,但是对本领域技术人员来说,可以进行各种变化和修改是显而易见的。这样的修改也预期落入所附权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (17)
1.一种口服剂量形式,包含:1)式(I)的化合物:
或其可药用盐在亲水性聚合物中的分散体;和2)可药用载体或赋形剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述分散体为无定形固体分散体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述无定形固体分散体是通过热熔挤出、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、溶剂浇铸或熔融淬灭来制备的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述亲水性聚合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素、PVPVA64、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯、Eudragit聚合物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、Polyox、Soluplus或聚乙二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述亲水性聚合物为羟丙基甲基纤维素。
6.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述载体或赋形剂选自微晶纤维素、甘露醇、交联羧甲纤维素钠、硬脂酸钙、交聚维酮、聚乙烯醇、硬脂酸镁、无水乳糖、二氧化硅、果糖、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素,以及它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述剂量形式包含约5wt%至约15wt%的式(I)的化合物。
8.根据权利要求2所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述剂量形式包含约5wt%的式(I)的化合物。
9.根据权利要求2所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述分散体由约15wt%至约30wt%的式(I)的化合物和约75wt%至约85wt%的亲水性聚合物组成。
10.根据权利要求2所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述分散体由约15wt%的式(I)的化合物和约85wt%的亲水性聚合物组成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述剂量形式包含约33wt%至约67wt%的分散体。
12.根据权利要求2所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述剂量形式包含约33wt%的分散体。
13.根据权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述剂量形式由约5wt%的式(I)的化合物和约28wt%的羟丙基甲基纤维素,其一起构成所述分散体;约24wt%的微晶纤维素;约36wt%的甘露醇;约5wt%的交联羧甲纤维素钠;和约1wt%的硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁组成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述分散体为无定形固体分散体。
15.根据权利要求14所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述无定形固体分散体是通过热熔挤出制备的。
16.根据权利要求13所述的口服剂量形式,其中,约24wt%的微晶纤维素中的约10wt%由最大压实性等级的微晶纤维素组成。
17.一种治疗、控制或预防疾病的方法,包括向需要这样的治疗、控制或预防的患者给予权利要求1所述的口服剂量形式,其中,所述疾病为癌症、疼痛、黄斑变性、皮肤病、肺病、石棉相关病症、寄生虫病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉粥样硬化、睡眠障碍、血红蛋白病、贫血、炎性疾病、自身免疫疾病、病毒性疾病、遗传性疾病、过敏性疾病、细菌性疾病、眼部新生血管疾病、脉络膜新生血管疾病、视网膜新生血管疾病或潮红。
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Also Published As
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SG11201400632YA (en) | 2014-04-28 |
MX356105B (es) | 2018-05-14 |
RU2014114499A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
PH12014500593A1 (en) | 2019-09-02 |
KR20140063808A (ko) | 2014-05-27 |
AU2012308663B2 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
CL2014000623A1 (es) | 2014-11-07 |
IL231462A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
US9884042B2 (en) | 2018-02-06 |
JP6339251B2 (ja) | 2018-06-06 |
EP2765993A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
HK1200356A1 (zh) | 2015-08-07 |
MX2014003261A (es) | 2014-04-10 |
WO2013040120A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
JP2017105804A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
RU2017121896A (ru) | 2019-01-29 |
JP2017178961A (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
AU2012308663A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
ES2803524T3 (es) | 2021-01-27 |
JP2014526508A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
RU2627471C2 (ru) | 2017-08-08 |
CA2848493A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
EP2765993B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
US20150190374A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
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