CN105137512A - Manufacturing method of ultra-light reflector - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及反射镜技术领域，尤其是一种超轻反射镜的制造方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of reflective mirrors, in particular to a method for manufacturing an ultra-light reflective mirror.
背景技术 Background technique
空间飞行器轻量化对光学遥感相机提出了轻量化的要求，为了适应相机轻量化的设计要求，对主镜的轻量化设计是必需的技术途径。碳纤维复合材料具有高比刚度、比强度高以及良好的热稳定性，是理想的轻量化反射镜材料，但由于其表面粗糙，且难以涂覆反射层材料，因面限制了碳纤维复合材料反射镜的应用。由于技术难度大，目前未见相关研究报道。 The light weight of space vehicles puts forward light weight requirements for optical remote sensing cameras. In order to meet the light weight design requirements of cameras, the light weight design of the primary mirror is a necessary technical approach. Carbon fiber composite materials have high specific stiffness, high specific strength and good thermal stability, and are ideal lightweight mirror materials. However, due to their rough surface and difficult coating of reflective layer materials, the surface of carbon fiber composite mirrors is limited. Applications. Due to the technical difficulty, there are no related research reports.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提出一种超轻反射镜的制造方法，操作简便，制得的产品质量轻。 Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention proposes a manufacturing method of an ultra-light reflector, which is easy to operate and the manufactured product is light in quality.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：一种超轻反射镜的制造方法，包括以下步骤： In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for manufacturing an ultra-light reflector, comprising the following steps:
⑴、反射镜坯体成型：采用热压固化法成型碳纤维树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体； ⑴. Forming of the mirror body: the carbon fiber resin-based composite mirror body is formed by hot-pressing curing method;
⑵、反射镜坯体抛光：采用机械抛光技术对碳纤维树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体表面进行抛光处理； (2) Polishing of mirror body: use mechanical polishing technology to polish the surface of carbon fiber resin matrix composite mirror body;
⑶、反射膜沉积：采用真空离子镀技术在反射镜坯体表面沉积反射膜； (3) Reflective film deposition: use vacuum ion plating technology to deposit reflective film on the surface of the mirror body;
⑷、反射膜抛光：采用机械抛光与离子抛光技术对反射膜进行抛光处理。 ⑷, reflective film polishing: adopt mechanical polishing and ion polishing technology to polish the reflective film.
进一步，步骤⑴为：采用与镜面面型相对应的模具，把包含树脂和碳纤维的预浸料铺在模具上面，热压和高温固化，冷却后把模具和固化层分开．该固化层即为碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体。 Further, step (1) is: using a mold corresponding to the mirror surface, spreading the prepreg containing resin and carbon fiber on the mold, hot pressing and high temperature curing, and separating the mold and the cured layer after cooling. The cured layer is the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite reflector body.
进一步，步骤⑵中抛光至表面粗糙度小于Ra1.0。 Further, in step (2), polishing is performed until the surface roughness is less than Ra1.0.
进一步，步骤⑶中反射膜的厚度至少为30μm。 Further, the thickness of the reflective film in step (3) is at least 30 μm.
进一步，步骤⑷中先进行机械抛光至反射镜的面型要求，再离子抛光降低反射镜的表面粗糙度。 Further, in step (4), first perform mechanical polishing to meet the surface requirements of the reflector, and then perform ion polishing to reduce the surface roughness of the reflector.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：利用热压固化法成型碳纤维复合材料反射镜坯体，利用真空镀膜方法在反射镜坯表面沉积反射层，利用抛光技术获得反射镜光学要求，解决了超轻碳纤维复合材料反射镜制造的技术难题。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the carbon fiber composite mirror body is molded by hot pressing and curing method, the reflective layer is deposited on the surface of the mirror body by vacuum coating method, and the optical requirements of the mirror are obtained by polishing technology, which solves the problem of The technical difficulties in the manufacture of ultra-light carbon fiber composite mirrors have been solved.
（1）减轻了反射镜的重量。 (1) The weight of the reflector is reduced.
（2）反射膜与镜坯结合力强、反射膜致密。 (2) The reflective film has a strong bonding force with the mirror blank, and the reflective film is compact.
（3）本发明易于重复，适用于规模生产。 (3) The invention is easy to repeat and is suitable for large-scale production.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细描述，本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性，不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。 The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not have any limiting effect on the protection scope of the present invention.
一种超轻反射镜制造方法，具体包括下列步骤： A method for manufacturing an ultra-light reflector, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1)反射镜坯体成型：先加工一与镜面面型相对应的模具，然后把包含树脂和碳纤维的预浸料铺在模具上面，把铺好的预浸料进行热压和高温固化，冷却后把模具和层合板分开．就形成了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体； (1) Molding of the mirror body: first process a mold corresponding to the mirror surface, then spread the prepreg containing resin and carbon fiber on the mold, and then heat press and cure the laid prepreg at high temperature. After cooling, separate the mold from the laminate. A carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite mirror blank is formed;
(2)反射镜坯体抛光：采用机械抛光的方法对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体进行抛光处理，至表面粗糙度优于Ra1.0，面型精度优于反射镜面型精度要求； (2) Polishing of the mirror body: the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite mirror body is polished by mechanical polishing, until the surface roughness is better than Ra1.0, and the surface precision is better than the surface precision requirements of the mirror;
(3)反射膜沉积：将碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体固定在真空离子镀膜设备的真空室内，使反射面正对金属靶，打开金属靶沉积金属反射膜，至反射膜厚度达到30μm以上； (3) Deposition of reflective film: fix the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite reflector blank in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum ion coating equipment, make the reflective surface face the metal target, open the metal target to deposit the metal reflective film, until the reflective film thickness reaches 30 μm above;
(4)反射膜抛光：对反射膜进行机械抛光至反射镜的面型要求，通过离子抛光进一步降低反射镜的表面粗糙度。 (4) Reflective film polishing: The reflective film is mechanically polished to meet the surface requirements of the reflector, and the surface roughness of the reflector is further reduced by ion polishing.
本发明利用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料比重小、比强度和比模量高、温度稳定性好等性能优点，采用热压固化法成型超轻反射镜坯体；利用真空离子镀膜技术具有离子能量高、离化率高和制备的薄膜附着力高等优点，采用电弧离子镀技术在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料表面沉积反射膜，实现反射镜的反射功能；利用抛光技术对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体表面进行抛光处理以达到镀膜要求，反射膜沉积完成后再次对反射膜进行抛光处理，以达到光学反射的表面精度要求。采用本方法发明制造的反射镜比重小，温度稳定性好，适用于各种反射镜的制造，尤其适合应用于空间飞行器的反射镜制造，对空间飞行器的减重具有重要意义。 The invention utilizes the performance advantages of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material such as small specific gravity, high specific strength and specific modulus, good temperature stability, etc., adopts the hot pressing curing method to form the ultra-light reflector body; utilizes the vacuum ion coating technology to have high ion energy , high ionization rate and high adhesion of the prepared film, the arc ion plating technology is used to deposit a reflective film on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material to realize the reflective function of the mirror; the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite mirror is coated with polishing technology The surface of the green body is polished to meet the requirements of the coating, and the reflective film is polished again after the deposition of the reflective film to meet the surface accuracy requirements of optical reflection. The reflector produced by the method has small specific gravity and good temperature stability, is suitable for manufacturing various reflectors, and is especially suitable for manufacturing reflectors of space vehicles, and is of great significance to the weight reduction of space vehicles.
本发明采用热压罐、抛光机和真空离子镀膜机等设备实现，采用的原材料主要有树脂、碳纤维预浸料、高纯Ni（或Ag）以及模具材料等。 The invention is realized by using equipment such as autoclave, polishing machine and vacuum ion coating machine, and the raw materials used mainly include resin, carbon fiber prepreg, high-purity Ni (or Ag) and mold materials.
实施例1Example 1
(1)反射镜坯体成型：先加工一与镜面面型相对应的模具，然后把包含氰酸脂树脂和T300碳纤维的预浸料铺在模具上面，把铺好的预浸料进行热压和高温固化，冷却后把模具和层合板分开．就形成了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体； (1) Molding of the mirror body: first process a mold corresponding to the mirror surface, then spread the prepreg containing cyanate resin and T300 carbon fiber on the mold, and heat press the laid prepreg And high temperature solidification, after cooling, the mold and the laminate are separated. A carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite mirror blank is formed;
(2)反射镜坯体抛光：采用机械抛光的方法对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体进行抛光处理，至表面粗糙度为Ra0.8，面型精度达到RMS100nm； (2) Polishing of the mirror body: the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite mirror body is polished by mechanical polishing, until the surface roughness is Ra0.8, and the surface accuracy reaches RMS100nm;
(3)反射膜沉积：将碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体固定在真空离子镀膜设备的真空室内，使反射面正对Ni靶，打开Ni靶沉积Ni反射膜，至反射膜厚度达到50μm； (3) Deposition of reflective film: fix the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite mirror body in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum ion coating equipment, make the reflective surface face the Ni target, open the Ni target to deposit the Ni reflective film, until the reflective film thickness reaches 50 μm ;
(4)反射膜抛光：对反射膜进行机械抛光至面型精度为RMS100nm，通过离子抛光至表面粗糙度为Ra0.01。 (4) Reflective film polishing: The reflective film is mechanically polished to a surface accuracy of RMS100nm, and ion polished to a surface roughness of Ra0.01.
实施例2Example 2
(1)反射镜坯体成型：先加工一与镜面面型相对应的模具，然后把包含环氧树脂和T300碳纤维的预浸料铺在模具上面，把铺好的预浸料进行热压和高温固化，冷却后把模具和层合板分开．就形成了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体； (1) Molding of the mirror body: first process a mold corresponding to the mirror surface shape, then spread the prepreg containing epoxy resin and T300 carbon fiber on the mold, and heat press the laid prepreg and Solidify at high temperature, and separate the mold and laminate after cooling. A carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite mirror body is formed;
(2)反射镜坯体抛光：采用机械抛光的方法对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体进行抛光处理，至表面粗糙度为Ra1.0，面型精度达到RMS200nm； (2) Polishing of mirror body: use mechanical polishing method to polish the mirror body of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, until the surface roughness is Ra1.0, and the surface precision reaches RMS200nm;
(3)反射膜沉积：将碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体固定在真空离子镀膜设备的真空室内，使反射面正对Ni靶，打开Ni靶沉积Ni反射膜，至反射膜厚度达到70μm； (3) Deposition of reflective film: fix the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite mirror body in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum ion coating equipment, make the reflective surface face the Ni target, open the Ni target to deposit the Ni reflective film, until the thickness of the reflective film reaches 70 μm ;
(4)反射膜抛光：对反射膜进行机械抛光至面型精度为RMS200nm，通过离子抛光至表面粗糙度为Ra0.02。 (4) Reflective film polishing: The reflective film is mechanically polished to a surface precision of RMS200nm, and ion polished to a surface roughness of Ra0.02.
实施例3Example 3
(1)反射镜坯体成型：先加工一与镜面面型相对应的模具，然后把包含氰酸脂树脂和T300碳纤维的预浸料铺在模具上面，把铺好的预浸料进行热压和高温固化，冷却后把模具和层合板分开．就形成了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体； (1) Molding of the mirror body: first process a mold corresponding to the mirror surface, then spread the prepreg containing cyanate resin and T300 carbon fiber on the mold, and heat press the laid prepreg And high temperature solidification, after cooling, the mold and the laminate are separated. A carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite mirror blank is formed;
(2)反射镜坯体抛光：采用机械抛光的方法对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体进行抛光处理，至表面粗糙度为Ra0.6，面型精度达到RMS100nm； (2) Polishing of the mirror body: the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite mirror body is polished by mechanical polishing, until the surface roughness is Ra0.6, and the surface precision reaches RMS100nm;
(3)反射膜沉积：将碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料反射镜坯体固定在真空离子镀膜设备的真空室内，使反射面正对Ag靶，打开Ag靶沉积Ag反射膜，至反射膜厚度达到30μm； (3) Deposition of reflective film: fix the carbon fiber reinforced resin-based composite reflector body in the vacuum chamber of the vacuum ion coating equipment, make the reflective surface face the Ag target, open the Ag target to deposit the Ag reflective film, until the reflective film thickness reaches 30 μm ;
(4)反射膜抛光：对反射膜进行机械抛光至面型精度为RMS100nm，通过离子抛光至表面粗糙度为Ra0.01。 (4) Reflective film polishing: The reflective film is mechanically polished to a surface accuracy of RMS100nm, and ion polished to a surface roughness of Ra0.01.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。 The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN106199794A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of preparation technology of carbon fiber reflecting mirror |
| CN109581556A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of carbon fiber composite material reflector preparation process |
| CN109581556B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-07-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Preparation process of carbon fiber composite reflector |
| CN110474169A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-19 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | A kind of high-precision composite material antenna reflective face forming method |
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