CN105134318B - Energy storage device based on hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是储能技术领域的技术，具体是一种基于氢气‐蒸汽涡轮复合循环的储能装置。The present invention relates to technologies in the field of energy storage technology, in particular to an energy storage device based on a hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle.
背景技术Background technique
我国是世界上最大的能源消费国，目前开发新能源已经上升为国家战略，而清洁低碳能源是其中重要的发展方向。风能、太阳能发电能够满足低碳环保的要求，在新能源中占据着重要的地位。由于一天中用电量和自然环境因素变化，依靠这类能源提供的电力存在很大的波动，这种供电波动不但对电网运行安全构成威胁，而且不能满足大型工业和现代化城市的需求。因此储能技术已经成为限制风能、太阳能等清洁能源发展应用的关键技术之一。my country is the world's largest energy consumer. At present, the development of new energy has become a national strategy, and clean and low-carbon energy is an important development direction. Wind energy and solar power generation can meet the requirements of low-carbon and environmental protection, and occupy an important position in new energy. Due to changes in electricity consumption and natural environmental factors throughout the day, there are large fluctuations in the power provided by this type of energy. This kind of power supply fluctuation not only poses a threat to the safety of the grid operation, but also cannot meet the needs of large-scale industries and modern cities. Therefore, energy storage technology has become one of the key technologies restricting the development and application of clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy.
经过对现有技术的文献检索发现，中国专利文献号CN104481617A，公开日2015.04.01公开了一种基于氧化还原反应的储能装置。该发明的特点是，该装置包括电解水制氢装置、储氢组件、蒸汽燃气联合循环发电组件和电力系统；储氢组件包括第一冷凝器、气体混合器、储氢罐和蒸汽发生器；蒸汽燃气联合循环发电组件包括燃烧室、燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机、第一发电机、第二冷凝器和第二发电机；电力系统分别与电解水制氢装置、第一发电机和第二发电机连接。该技术储能装置结构复杂，经电解产生的氢气在储氢装置中需要经过两次化学反应才能真正被用于产热发电，而储氢罐中的氧化和还原反应均需要在严格控制的一定的温度条件下才能进行，进一步降低了该装置的能源利用效率。该技术中的第二冷凝器一方面用作储氢罐中分解高温蒸汽/氢气的冷却场所，同时又承担冷却蒸汽轮机出口蒸汽，以维持蒸汽轮机工作所必须的出口真空度，其技术实现难度很高且容易降低装置的整体寿命。After searching the literature of the prior art, it is found that the Chinese Patent Document No. CN104481617A, published on 2015.04.01, discloses an energy storage device based on redox reaction. The feature of the invention is that the device includes an electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage component, a steam gas combined cycle power generation component and a power system; the hydrogen storage component includes a first condenser, a gas mixer, a hydrogen storage tank and a steam generator; The steam-gas combined cycle power generation assembly includes a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a first generator, a second condenser and a second generator; Generator connection. The structure of the energy storage device of this technology is complex. The hydrogen produced by electrolysis needs to go through two chemical reactions in the hydrogen storage device before it can be used for heat generation and power generation, and the oxidation and reduction reactions in the hydrogen storage tank need to be strictly controlled. It can only be carried out under certain temperature conditions, which further reduces the energy utilization efficiency of the device. On the one hand, the second condenser in this technology is used as a cooling place for decomposing high-temperature steam/hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank, and at the same time, it is responsible for cooling the outlet steam of the steam turbine to maintain the outlet vacuum necessary for the operation of the steam turbine, which is technically difficult to realize High and tends to reduce the overall life of the device.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提出了一种基于氢气‐蒸汽涡轮复合循环的储能装置，该装置利用用电低谷时的多余电力，对增压后的水进行电解，产生氢气和氧气分别存储在气罐中；在用电高峰时将氢气、氧气作为氢气‐蒸汽涡轮复合循环装置的燃料发电，填补电网所需的电力，起到削峰填谷的作用。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an energy storage device based on a hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle. The device utilizes the excess power at low power consumption to electrolyze the pressurized water to generate hydrogen and oxygen respectively. Stored in gas tanks; hydrogen and oxygen are used as fuel for the hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle device to generate electricity during peak electricity consumption, filling the electricity required by the grid, and playing the role of peak shaving and valley filling.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明包括：依次串联连接构成循环系统的冷凝器、泵、电解单元、燃气涡轮单元和蒸汽涡轮，其中：燃气涡轮单元包括：气体换热器组件、气体涡轮组件和氢氧燃烧室，其中：气体换热器组件的进气口与分别与电解单元相连，气体换热器组件的出气口与气体涡轮组件相连，气体涡轮组件的出气口分别与氢氧燃烧室相连，氢氧燃烧室出气口与蒸汽涡轮相连，用于加热氢气/氧气的气体换热器组件位于氢氧燃烧室内。The present invention includes: a condenser, a pump, an electrolysis unit, a gas turbine unit, and a steam turbine that are sequentially connected in series to form a circulation system, wherein: the gas turbine unit includes: a gas heat exchanger assembly, a gas turbine assembly, and a hydrogen-oxygen combustor, wherein: The gas inlet of the gas heat exchanger assembly is connected to the electrolysis unit respectively, the gas outlet of the gas heat exchanger assembly is connected to the gas turbine assembly, the gas outlet of the gas turbine assembly is respectively connected to the hydrogen-oxygen combustor, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustor Connected to the steam turbine, the gas heat exchanger assembly for heating the hydrogen/oxygen is located within the oxyhydrogen combustor.
所述的气体换热器组件采用氢气换热器和/或氧气换热器，对应气体涡轮组件采用氢气涡轮和/或氧气涡轮。The gas heat exchanger assembly adopts a hydrogen heat exchanger and/or an oxygen heat exchanger, and the corresponding gas turbine assembly adopts a hydrogen turbine and/or an oxygen turbine.
所述的电解单元的两个出气口分别与氢氧燃烧室的两个进气口以两条并联形式连接成支路，分别为：The two gas outlets of the electrolytic unit are respectively connected with the two gas inlets of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber to form two branches in parallel, which are respectively:
①电解单元的氢气输出端、氢气换热器、氢气涡轮以及氢氧燃烧室的第一进气口依次相连构成氢气支路；① The hydrogen output terminal of the electrolysis unit, the hydrogen heat exchanger, the hydrogen turbine and the first air inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber are connected in sequence to form a hydrogen branch circuit;
②电解单元的氧气输出端、氧气换热器、氧气涡轮以及氢氧燃烧室的第二进气口依次相连构成氧气支路。② The oxygen output end of the electrolysis unit, the oxygen heat exchanger, the oxygen turbine and the second air inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber are connected in sequence to form an oxygen branch circuit.
技术效果technical effect
与现有技术相比，本发明具有下列技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
1)结合燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机技术，采用将两者串联连接构成一种新的循环。循环中通过增压水泵增压冷凝水提供循环所需的压力，由于水的不可压缩性，本发明消除了传统燃气轮机中压缩空气的耗功；且该循环采用的是串联结构，不存在传统联合循环中燃气轮机的烟气损失，循环具有较高的循环利用率；1) Combining gas turbine and steam turbine technologies, a new cycle is formed by connecting the two in series. In the cycle, the pressure required for the cycle is provided by boosting the condensed water through the booster water pump. Due to the incompressibility of water, the present invention eliminates the power consumption of compressed air in the traditional gas turbine; and the cycle adopts a series structure, and there is no traditional combination The flue gas loss of the gas turbine in the cycle, the cycle has a high recycling rate;
2)燃气涡轮单元中气体涡轮的工质为用多余电力电解水所产生的氢气和氧气，而工质通过换热器从氢氧燃烧室中吸取部分燃烧放热，这使循环更趋于等温过程，进一步提高循环效率；2) The working medium of the gas turbine in the gas turbine unit is the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolysis of water with excess electricity, and the working medium absorbs part of the combustion heat from the hydrogen-oxygen combustor through the heat exchanger, which makes the cycle more isothermal process, further improving cycle efficiency;
电解增压水得到的氢气和氧气不仅自身包含压力能，而且以化学能形式将多余电力的能量存储在等当量燃烧的氢气和氧气中。同等储能容量下，本发明的技术路线可以有效控制储气罐体积，有利于降低储能系统的建造成本。The hydrogen and oxygen obtained by the electrolysis of pressurized water not only contain pressure energy, but also store the energy of excess electricity in the equivalent combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in the form of chemical energy. Under the same energy storage capacity, the technical route of the present invention can effectively control the volume of the gas storage tank, which is beneficial to reduce the construction cost of the energy storage system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统结构图；Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the present invention;
图2为实施例1中电能还原效率与燃烧室出口温度关系；Fig. 2 is the relationship between electric energy reduction efficiency and combustion chamber outlet temperature in embodiment 1;
图中：燃气涡轮单元A、气体换热器组件B、气体涡轮组件C、储气机构D、水泵1、电解单元2、氢气储气舱3、氧气储气舱4、氢气换热器5、氧气换热器6、氢气涡轮7、氧气涡轮8、氢氧燃烧室9、注水器10、蒸汽涡轮11、冷凝器12。In the figure: gas turbine unit A, gas heat exchanger assembly B, gas turbine assembly C, gas storage mechanism D, water pump 1, electrolysis unit 2, hydrogen gas storage compartment 3, oxygen gas storage compartment 4, hydrogen heat exchanger 5, Oxygen heat exchanger 6, hydrogen turbine 7, oxygen turbine 8, hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9, water injector 10, steam turbine 11, condenser 12.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例包括：依次串联连接构成循环系统的冷凝器12、水泵1、电解单元2、燃气涡轮单元A和蒸汽涡轮11，其中：燃气涡轮单元A包括：气体换热器组件B、气体涡轮组件C和氢氧燃烧室9，其中：气体换热器组件B进气口与电解单元2相连，气体换热器组件B出气口与气体涡轮组件C相连，气体涡轮组件C出气口与氢氧燃烧室9相连，氢氧燃烧室9出气口与蒸汽涡轮11相连；As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment includes: a condenser 12, a water pump 1, an electrolysis unit 2, a gas turbine unit A, and a steam turbine 11 that are sequentially connected in series to form a circulation system, wherein: the gas turbine unit A includes: a gas heat exchanger Component B, gas turbine component C and hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9, wherein: the gas heat exchanger component B inlet is connected to the electrolysis unit 2, the gas heat exchanger component B gas outlet is connected to the gas turbine component C, and the gas turbine component C The gas outlet is connected to the hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9 is connected to the steam turbine 11;
所述的气体换热器组件B位于氢氧燃烧室9内以实现辅助氢气/氧气加热，该气体换热器组件B包括：氢气换热器5和氧气换热器6。The gas heat exchanger assembly B is located in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 to realize auxiliary hydrogen/oxygen heating, and the gas heat exchanger assembly B includes: a hydrogen heat exchanger 5 and an oxygen heat exchanger 6 .
所述的气体涡轮组件C包括：氢气涡轮7和氧气涡轮8。The gas turbine assembly C includes: a hydrogen turbine 7 and an oxygen turbine 8 .
所述的燃气涡轮单元A中设有储气机构D，该储气机构D包括：氢气储气舱3和氧气储气舱4。The gas turbine unit A is provided with a gas storage mechanism D, and the gas storage mechanism D includes: a hydrogen gas storage compartment 3 and an oxygen gas storage compartment 4 .
所述的电解单元2的两个出气口分别与氢氧燃烧室9的两个进气口之间构成并联的氢气支路和氧气支路，其中：Two air outlets of the electrolytic unit 2 and two air inlets of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 form a parallel hydrogen branch and an oxygen branch, wherein:
①电解单元2的氢气输出端与氢气储气舱3相连，氢气储气舱3的出气口与氢气换热器5相连，氢气换热器5的出气口与氢气涡轮7相连，氢气涡轮7出气口与氢氧燃烧室9的第一进气口相连，构成氢气支路；① The hydrogen output end of the electrolysis unit 2 is connected to the hydrogen gas storage cabin 3, the gas outlet of the hydrogen gas storage cabin 3 is connected to the hydrogen heat exchanger 5, the gas outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is connected to the hydrogen turbine 7, and the hydrogen turbine 7 is connected to the The gas port is connected with the first air inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 to form a hydrogen branch circuit;
②电解单元2的氧气输出端与氧气储气舱4相连，氧气储气舱4的出气口与氧气换热器6相连，氧气换热器6的出气口与氧气涡轮8相连，氧气涡轮8出气口与氢氧燃烧室9的第二进气口相连，构成氧气支路。② The oxygen output end of the electrolysis unit 2 is connected to the oxygen gas storage chamber 4, the gas outlet of the oxygen gas storage chamber 4 is connected to the oxygen heat exchanger 6, the gas outlet of the oxygen heat exchanger 6 is connected to the oxygen turbine 8, and the oxygen turbine 8 is connected to the The gas port is connected with the second air inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 to form an oxygen branch.
所述的冷凝器12出水端设有注水器10，该注水器10的进水端与冷凝器12出水端相连，注水器10出水端与氢氧燃烧室9进水端相连；利用注水器10对氢氧燃烧室9中的蒸汽进行降温，可以使降温后的蒸汽温度达到机组零部件的许用温度。The water outlet of the condenser 12 is provided with a water injector 10, the water inlet of the water injector 10 is connected to the water outlet of the condenser 12, and the water outlet of the water injector 10 is connected to the water inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9; Cooling the steam in the hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9 can make the temperature of the cooled steam reach the allowable temperature of the unit parts.
所述的水泵1优选为增压泵。The water pump 1 is preferably a booster pump.
本装置通过以下过程进行工作：冷凝水在水泵1中增压，增压后的水在电解单元2内电解产生氢气和氧气。此时多余电能以压力能和化学能的形式借助氢气和氧气分别储存在氢气储气舱3和氧气储气舱4中。电网供电不足时氢气和氧气分别通过氢气换热器5和氧气换热器6加热。加热后的氢气和氧气分别经过氢气涡轮7和氧气涡轮8膨胀做功，之后进入氢氧燃烧室9中混合燃烧，生成水蒸气，同时释放热量。一部分热量在氢气换热器5和氧气换热器6中用来加热氢气和氧气。氢气和氧气燃烧产物温度很高，在氢氧燃烧室9中利用注水器10提供的冷凝水对其降温。氢氧燃烧室9中生成的水蒸气通过蒸汽涡轮11做功后，进入冷凝器12中冷凝，一部分冷凝水由增压泵注入电解单元2，另外一部分冷凝水注入注水器10完成循环。The device works through the following process: the condensed water is pressurized in the water pump 1, and the pressurized water is electrolyzed in the electrolysis unit 2 to generate hydrogen and oxygen. At this time, the excess electric energy is stored in the hydrogen gas storage compartment 3 and the oxygen gas storage compartment 4 respectively in the form of pressure energy and chemical energy by means of hydrogen and oxygen. When the grid power supply is insufficient, the hydrogen and oxygen are heated through the hydrogen heat exchanger 5 and the oxygen heat exchanger 6 respectively. The heated hydrogen and oxygen are respectively expanded through the hydrogen turbine 7 and the oxygen turbine 8 to perform work, and then enter the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 for mixed combustion to generate water vapor and release heat at the same time. Part of the heat is used to heat hydrogen and oxygen in the hydrogen heat exchanger 5 and the oxygen heat exchanger 6 . The hydrogen and oxygen combustion products have a high temperature, and the condensed water provided by the water injector 10 is used in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber 9 to cool them down. The water vapor generated in the hydrogen-oxygen combustor 9 passes through the steam turbine 11 and enters the condenser 12 for condensation. Part of the condensed water is injected into the electrolysis unit 2 by the booster pump, and the other part is injected into the water injector 10 to complete the cycle.
与现有技术相比，本发明中高温仅出现在燃气涡轮单元A、蒸汽涡轮11中，高温部件少且集中，有利于系统制造、运行和降低成本；同时采用的技术路线消除了压气损失、烟气损失，在现有材料许用温度条件下，循环热效率可达65％以上，例如涡轮进口温度为1600K、对应电解效率为70％和90％时，电能还原效率可达46％和58％。Compared with the prior art, the high temperature in the present invention only occurs in the gas turbine unit A and the steam turbine 11, and the high-temperature components are few and concentrated, which is beneficial to system manufacture, operation and cost reduction; the technical route adopted at the same time eliminates pressure loss, Flue gas loss, under the allowable temperature conditions of existing materials, the cycle thermal efficiency can reach more than 65%. For example, when the turbine inlet temperature is 1600K, and the corresponding electrolysis efficiency is 70% and 90%, the electric energy reduction efficiency can reach 46% and 58%. .
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