CN105112914A - Continuous hot-dip galvanizing device and continuous hot-dip galvanizing method - Google Patents
Continuous hot-dip galvanizing device and continuous hot-dip galvanizing method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
提供了一种连续热镀锌装置和连续热镀锌方法。所述连续热镀锌装置包括：清洗部，对预镀锌钢带进行清洗；PVD真空镀镍部，对钢带进行预镀镍；退火炉，对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火；镀锌部，对退火后的钢带进行镀锌；本发明有效地避免了退火过程中钢中的合金元素发生选择性外氧化而恶化钢带浸润性的问题，避免高强钢带镀锌过程中的漏镀现象，提高了高强钢镀锌钢带的表面质量。
Provided are a continuous hot-dip galvanizing device and a continuous hot-dip galvanizing method. The continuous hot-dip galvanizing device includes: a cleaning section for cleaning the pre-galvanized steel strip; a PVD vacuum nickel-plating section for pre-nickel-plating the steel strip; an annealing furnace for annealing the pre-nickel-plated steel strip; The zinc part is to galvanize the annealed steel strip; the invention effectively avoids the problem of selective external oxidation of the alloy elements in the steel during the annealing process and deteriorates the wettability of the steel strip, and avoids the problem of high-strength steel strip galvanizing during the galvanizing process. The missing plating phenomenon improves the surface quality of the high-strength steel galvanized steel strip.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种连续热镀锌装置和一种连续热镀锌方法，更具体地讲，本发明涉及一种能够避免在退火过程中发生选择性外氧化并能够对形成过量的铁-锌合金层起到一定抑制作用的连续热镀锌装置和连续热镀锌方法。The present invention relates to a continuous hot-dip galvanizing device and a continuous hot-dip galvanizing method, more particularly, the present invention relates to a method capable of avoiding selective external oxidation in the annealing process and capable of forming excessive iron-zinc alloy A continuous hot-dip galvanizing device and a continuous hot-dip galvanizing method that play a certain inhibitory role.
背景技术Background technique
镀锌带钢是在冷轧或热轧钢带表面热浸镀一层锌。将带钢镀锌后，由于锌的化学性质活泼，因此锌能与空气中的水、二氧化碳和氧气发生化学反应，生成一层薄而致密的碱式碳酸锌膜，这层膜阻止了内部的锌进一步氧化。另外，锌的电位明显低于铁的电位，在镀锌层遭到破坏时，锌作为阳极对铁基体起到牺牲阳极的保护作用，防止钢板发生腐蚀。Galvanized steel strip is hot-dip coated with a layer of zinc on the surface of cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip. After the steel strip is galvanized, due to the active chemical properties of zinc, zinc can chemically react with water, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air to form a thin and dense basic zinc carbonate film, which prevents the internal Zinc is further oxidized. In addition, the potential of zinc is significantly lower than that of iron. When the galvanized layer is damaged, zinc acts as an anode to protect the iron matrix as a sacrificial anode to prevent corrosion of the steel plate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种能够避免在退火过程中发生选择性外氧化的连续热镀锌装置和一种连续热镀锌方法。An object of the present invention is to provide a continuous hot-dip galvanizing apparatus and a continuous hot-dip galvanizing method capable of avoiding selective external oxidation during annealing.
根据本发明的一方面，一种连续热镀锌装置可包括：清洗部，对预镀锌钢带进行清洗；PVD真空镀镍部，对钢带进行预镀镍；退火炉，对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火；镀锌部，对退火后的钢带进行镀锌。According to one aspect of the present invention, a continuous hot-dip galvanizing device may include: a cleaning section for cleaning pre-galvanized steel strips; a PVD vacuum nickel-plating section for pre-nickeling steel strips; an annealing furnace for pre-nickeling After the steel strip is annealed; in the galvanizing department, the annealed steel strip is galvanized.
根据本发明的一方面，所述PVD真空镀镍部可包括：入口压差室，将大气压降压至预定真空度；真空脱气部，对钢带进行脱气；等离子清洗部，对钢带进行等离子表面清洗；镀镍部，对钢带进行预镀镍；出口压差室，将所述预定真空度升压至大气压。According to an aspect of the present invention, the PVD vacuum nickel plating part may include: an inlet differential pressure chamber, which decompresses the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree; a vacuum degassing part, which degasses the steel strip; a plasma cleaning part, which depressurizes the steel strip Plasma surface cleaning is carried out; the nickel plating part is used to pre-plate nickel on the steel strip; the outlet pressure difference chamber is used to boost the predetermined vacuum degree to atmospheric pressure.
根据本发明的一方面，一种连续热镀锌方法可包括：对预镀锌钢带进行清洗，以去除钢带表面的油污和铁锈；利用PVD真空镀镍方法对钢带进行预镀镍，以在钢带上形成镀镍层；对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火；在镀镍层上镀锌以形成镀锌层，其中，镍镀层的厚度为300nm～500nm。According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of continuous hot-dip galvanizing method can comprise: cleaning the pre-galvanized steel strip, to remove the oil stain and rust on the surface of the steel strip; utilizing the PVD vacuum nickel plating method to carry out pre-nickel plating on the steel strip, forming a nickel-plated layer on the steel strip; annealing the pre-nickel-plated steel strip; galvanizing the nickel-plated layer to form a zinc-plated layer, wherein the thickness of the nickel-plated layer is 300nm-500nm.
根据本发明的一方面，所述利用PVD真空镀镍方法对钢带进行预镀镍的步骤可包括：将大气压降压至预定真空度；对钢带进行真空脱气；对钢带进行等离子表面清洗；将所述预定真空度升压至大气压。According to one aspect of the present invention, the step of using the PVD vacuum nickel plating method to pre-plate the steel strip with nickel may include: depressurizing the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree; vacuum degassing the steel strip; performing plasma surface treatment on the steel strip Purging; boosting the predetermined vacuum to atmospheric pressure.
根据本发明的一方面，所述将大气压降压至预定真空度是指，利用入口压差室实现将1x105Pa的大气压逐级降压至PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度的梯度压力下降，所述将所述预定真空度升压至大气压是指，利用出口压差室实现将PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度逐级升压至1x105Pa的大气压力的梯度压力升高，其中，PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度为2x10-3Pa～5x10-3Pa。According to one aspect of the present invention, said depressurizing the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree refers to using the inlet differential pressure chamber to realize the gradient pressure stepwise depressurizing the atmospheric pressure of 1×10 5 Pa to the background vacuum degree required for PVD vacuum plating Descending, said boosting the predetermined vacuum degree to atmospheric pressure refers to using the outlet differential pressure chamber to realize the gradual pressure increase of the background vacuum degree required for PVD vacuum plating to the atmospheric pressure of 1x10 5 Pa , wherein the background vacuum required for PVD vacuum plating is 2x10 -3 Pa to 5x10 -3 Pa.
根据本发明的一方面，在450℃～520℃的温度下对钢带进行镀锌，用于镀锌的锌液中的铝含量为0.13％～0.3％。According to one aspect of the present invention, the steel strip is galvanized at a temperature of 450° C. to 520° C., and the aluminum content in the zinc solution used for galvanizing is 0.13% to 0.3%.
根据本发明的一方面，对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火的步骤可包括：将预镀镍后的钢带升温至760℃～880℃，保温30s～120s时间，然后将退火后的钢带冷却到450℃～520℃。According to one aspect of the present invention, the step of annealing the pre-nickel-plated steel strip may include: heating the pre-nickel-plated steel strip to 760°C-880°C, keeping it warm for 30s-120s, and then annealing the annealed steel strip Take cooling to 450°C ~ 520°C.
根据本发明的一方面，可通过气刀喷吹来控制镀锌层的厚度，其中，气刀的压力可以为200bar～400bar，气刀距离用于镀锌的锌液面的高度可以为100mm～400mm。According to one aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the galvanized layer can be controlled by blowing an air knife, wherein the pressure of the air knife can be 200bar to 400bar, and the height of the air knife from the zinc liquid surface used for galvanizing can be 100mm to 100mm. 400mm.
根据本发明的一方面，所述气刀喷吹可采用压缩空气或高纯氮气。According to an aspect of the present invention, compressed air or high-purity nitrogen can be used for the air knife blowing.
根据本发明的一方面，所述镀锌钢带的带材可以为冷轧高强钢，所述带材包括Fe、Si、Mn、Cr和Al等元素。According to one aspect of the present invention, the strip material of the galvanized steel strip may be cold-rolled high-strength steel, and the strip material includes elements such as Fe, Si, Mn, Cr and Al.
根据本发明的一方面，一种连续热镀锌钢带可包括：镍镀层，蒸镀在钢带上方，镍镀层的厚度为300nm～500nm；镀锌层，热浸镀在镍镀层上。According to one aspect of the present invention, a continuous hot-dip galvanized steel strip may include: a nickel coating, vapor-deposited on the steel strip, the thickness of the nickel coating is 300nm-500nm; a galvanized layer, hot-dip coated on the nickel coating.
根据本发明，可以取得但不限于以下有益效果：According to the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained but not limited to:
(1)避免退火过程中钢中的合金元素(如Si、Mn、Cr、Al等)发生选择性外氧化而恶化钢带浸润性的问题，避免高强钢带镀锌过程中的漏镀现象，提高高强钢镀锌钢带的表面质量。(1) Avoid the problem of selective external oxidation of alloying elements (such as Si, Mn, Cr, Al, etc.) in the steel during annealing and deteriorate the wettability of the steel strip, and avoid the phenomenon of missed plating during the galvanizing process of high-strength steel strips, Improve the surface quality of high-strength steel galvanized strip.
(2)一定程度上抑制了Fe-Zn之间的扩散反应，防止形成过量的脆性的Fe-Zn合金相，提高镀锌层与钢基体之间的结合力，有利于高强钢镀锌钢带的成形。(2) To a certain extent, it inhibits the diffusion reaction between Fe-Zn, prevents the formation of excessive brittle Fe-Zn alloy phase, improves the bonding force between the galvanized layer and the steel matrix, and is beneficial to the high-strength steel galvanized steel strip of forming.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过下面结合附图进行的详细描述，本发明的上述和其它目的、特点和优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：The above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more clear through the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的连续热镀锌装置。FIG. 1 is a continuous hot-dip galvanizing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下文中，将参照附图更充分地描述本发明的示例性实施例。然而，它们可以以不同的形式实施，而不应解释为局限于这里阐述的实施例。相反，提供这些实施例使得本公开将是彻底的和完整的，并将把示例实施例的范围充分地传达给本领域技术人员。Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. They may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
图1是根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的连续热镀锌装置。以下将参照图1描述根据本发明的示例性实施例的连续热镀锌装置。FIG. 1 is a continuous hot-dip galvanizing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A continuous hot-dip galvanizing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 .
参照图1，连续热镀锌装置可包括：清洗部10，对预镀锌钢带进行清洗；PVD真空镀镍部20，对钢带进行预镀镍；退火炉30，对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火；镀锌部40，对退火后的钢带进行镀锌。With reference to Fig. 1, continuous hot-dip galvanizing device can comprise: cleaning part 10, cleaning pre-galvanized steel strip; PVD vacuum nickel-plating part 20, carries out pre-nickeling to steel strip; The steel strip is annealed; the galvanizing part 40 performs galvanization on the annealed steel strip.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，清洗部10可包括化学清洗部和电解清洗部，从而可进行化学清洗和电解清洗，以去除钢带表面的油污和铁锈。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning part 10 may include a chemical cleaning part and an electrolytic cleaning part, so that chemical cleaning and electrolytic cleaning can be performed to remove oil and rust on the surface of the steel strip.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，PVD真空镀镍部20可使用PVD方法对钢带进行预镀镍。PVD(物理气相沉积)是指在真空条件下，采用低电压、大电流的电弧放电技术，利用气体放电使靶材蒸发并使被蒸发物质与气体都发生电离，利用电场的加速作用，使被蒸发物质及其反应产物沉积在工件上。因此，根据本发明的示例性实施例，可使用PVD方法将镍镀覆在钢带上。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the PVD vacuum nickel plating part 20 may pre-plate nickel on a steel strip using a PVD method. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) refers to the use of low-voltage, high-current arc discharge technology under vacuum conditions, using gas discharge to evaporate the target material and ionize the evaporated material and gas, and use the acceleration of the electric field to make the target The evaporated substance and its reaction products are deposited on the workpiece. Therefore, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a PVD method may be used to plate nickel on a steel strip.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，PVD真空镀镍部20可装配有相应的真空获得系统，例如，真空泵、真空阀门、真空管路和真空计等，从而可根据具体工艺要求来实现不同的真空度，可通过例如真空泵经由真空管路抽真空来获得真空度并保持该真空度。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the PVD vacuum nickel plating part 20 can be equipped with a corresponding vacuum obtaining system, for example, a vacuum pump, a vacuum valve, a vacuum pipeline and a vacuum gauge, etc., so that different vacuum degrees can be realized according to specific process requirements , the vacuum can be obtained and maintained by evacuating, for example, a vacuum pump through a vacuum line.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，PVD真空镀镍部20可包括：入口压差室21，以将大气压降压至预定真空度；真空脱气部22，对钢带进行脱气；等离子清洗部23，对钢带进行等离子表面清洗；镀镍部24，对钢带进行预镀镍；出口压差室25，将所述预定真空度升压至大气压。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the PVD vacuum nickel plating part 20 may include: an inlet differential pressure chamber 21 to decompress the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree; a vacuum degassing part 22 to degas the steel strip; a plasma cleaning part 23. Perform plasma surface cleaning on the steel strip; Nickel-plating part 24, perform nickel-plating on the steel strip; Exit differential pressure chamber 25, boost the predetermined vacuum degree to atmospheric pressure.
入口压差室21可使外界的大气压降压至预定真空度。根据本发明的示例性实施例，预定真空度可以是适合于PVD真空镀镍所需的真空度。此外，根据本发明的示例性实施例，可使外界的大气压呈梯度地降压至预定真空度。也就是说，可通过入口压差室21的全部或部分长度，使入口压差室21的入口处的大气压降压，从而在入口压差室21与真空脱气部22的相连接处，使真空度适合于PVD真空镀镍所需的真空度。The inlet differential pressure chamber 21 can reduce the external atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined vacuum degree may be a vacuum degree suitable for PVD vacuum nickel plating. In addition, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the external atmospheric pressure can be reduced to a predetermined vacuum degree in a gradient manner. That is to say, the atmospheric pressure at the inlet of the inlet differential pressure chamber 21 can be depressurized through the whole or part of the length of the inlet differential pressure chamber 21, so that at the joint between the inlet differential pressure chamber 21 and the vacuum degassing part 22, The vacuum degree is suitable for the vacuum degree required by PVD vacuum nickel plating.
与入口压差室21相对应地，出口压差室25可使预定真空度升压至外界的大气压。根据本发明的示例性实施例，预定真空度可以是适合于PVD真空镀镍所需的真空度。此外，根据本发明的示例性实施例，可使预定真空度呈梯度地升压至外界的大气压。也就是说，可通过出口压差室25的全部或部分长度，使镀镍部24与出口压差室25的连接处的真空度升压，从而在出口压差室25的出口处，使压力升至大气压。Corresponding to the inlet differential pressure chamber 21 , the outlet differential pressure chamber 25 can increase the predetermined vacuum degree to the external atmospheric pressure. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined vacuum degree may be a vacuum degree suitable for PVD vacuum nickel plating. In addition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a predetermined degree of vacuum may be stepped up to an external atmospheric pressure in a gradient. That is to say, the vacuum degree at the junction of the nickel-plated part 24 and the outlet differential pressure chamber 25 can be boosted through the whole or part of the length of the outlet differential pressure chamber 25, so that at the outlet of the outlet differential pressure chamber 25, the pressure to atmospheric pressure.
真空脱气部22可用于脱除空气。The vacuum degassing section 22 may be used to remove air.
等离子清洗部23可用于对钢带进行等离子表面清洗，从而为接下来的在镀镍部24中对钢带进行预镀镍做必要的准备。The plasma cleaning part 23 can be used to perform plasma surface cleaning on the steel strip, so as to make necessary preparations for the subsequent pre-nickel plating of the steel strip in the nickel plating part 24 .
根据本发明的示例性实施例，退火炉30可用于对预镀镍后的钢带进行退火，以使钢带获得所需的力学性能。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the annealing furnace 30 can be used to anneal the pre-nickel-plated steel strip, so that the steel strip can obtain required mechanical properties.
如上所述，在电镀锌之前需要对带钢进行退火。然而，当在有还原气氛的保护气氛中退火时，钢中与氧亲和力较强的元素在钢板表面发生氧化，而金属Fe不发生氧化，这种氧化现象称之为选择性外氧化。发生选择性外氧化的元素与氧具有很强的亲和力，其生成的氧化物自由焓比Fe的氧化物自由焓低，因此易在钢带表面形成氧化物，这些化学元素可以是钢中常见的合金添加元素，例如Al、Si、Mn、Cr等。这些氧化物的形成直接阻隔了钢带镀锌过程Fe与Zn的接触，导致钢带的表面浸润性变差，使镀锌钢带表面易出现漏镀等缺陷，影响产品质量。As mentioned above, the strip needs to be annealed before electrogalvanizing. However, when annealed in a protective atmosphere with a reducing atmosphere, the elements with a strong oxygen affinity in the steel will be oxidized on the surface of the steel plate, while the metal Fe will not be oxidized. This oxidation phenomenon is called selective external oxidation. The elements that undergo selective external oxidation have a strong affinity with oxygen, and the free enthalpy of oxides formed by them is lower than that of Fe oxides, so it is easy to form oxides on the surface of the steel strip. These chemical elements can be common in steel Alloying elements, such as Al, Si, Mn, Cr, etc. The formation of these oxides directly blocks the contact between Fe and Zn during the galvanizing process of the steel strip, resulting in poor surface wettability of the steel strip, making the surface of the galvanized steel strip prone to defects such as missing plating, and affecting product quality.
通过利用PVD方法对钢带进行预镀镍形成镍镀层，利用这层镍镀层可隔离钢中易氧化的合金元素(例如Al、Si、Mn、Cr等)与退火保护气氛，从而可避免钢带在退火炉30中发生选择性外氧化。By using PVD method to pre-plate nickel on the steel strip to form a nickel coating, the nickel coating can be used to isolate the easily oxidizable alloy elements (such as Al, Si, Mn, Cr, etc.) in the steel from the annealing protective atmosphere, thereby avoiding the steel strip Selective external oxidation takes place in the lehr 30 .
此外，在现有技术中，普遍认为在钢基体和镀锌层界面处形成一定量的Fe-Zn合金层有利于镀锌层的附着性。然而，当形成过量的Fe-Zn合金层时，会使得钢带的脆性增大，不利于钢带的变形。因此，通过预镀镍形成的镍镀层，可在一定程度上抑制Fe-Zn之间的扩散反应，从而防止形成过量的Fe-Zn合金相。In addition, in the prior art, it is generally believed that the formation of a certain amount of Fe-Zn alloy layer at the interface between the steel substrate and the galvanized layer is beneficial to the adhesion of the galvanized layer. However, when an excessive Fe-Zn alloy layer is formed, the brittleness of the steel strip will increase, which is not conducive to the deformation of the steel strip. Therefore, the nickel coating formed by pre-nickel plating can inhibit the diffusion reaction between Fe-Zn to a certain extent, thereby preventing the formation of excessive Fe-Zn alloy phase.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，镀锌部40可用于对退火后的钢带进行镀锌，从而形成镀锌钢带。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the galvanizing part 40 may be used to galvanize the annealed steel strip, thereby forming a galvanized steel strip.
以下将参照图1描述根据本发明的示例性实施例的连续热镀锌方法。A continuous hot-dip galvanizing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 .
首先，利用清洗部10对通过连续热镀锌装置的钢带进行清洗，例如，可通过化学清洗和电解清洗，从而去除钢带表面的油污和铁锈。First, the steel strip passing through the continuous hot-dip galvanizing device is cleaned by the cleaning unit 10 , for example, by chemical cleaning and electrolytic cleaning, so as to remove oil and rust on the surface of the steel strip.
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，钢带的带材可以为例如冷轧高强钢，冷轧高强钢可包括Fe、Si、Mn、Cr和Al等。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the strip material of the steel strip may be, for example, cold-rolled high-strength steel, and the cold-rolled high-strength steel may include Fe, Si, Mn, Cr, Al, and the like.
接下来，通过利用PVD真空镀镍部20采用PVD真空镀镍方法对钢带进行预镀镍，以形成镍镀层。Next, the steel strip is pre-nickel-plated by using the PVD vacuum nickel-plating part 20 by a PVD vacuum nickel-plating method to form a nickel plating layer.
利用PVD真空镀镍方法对钢带进行预镀镍的步骤可包括：在入口压差室21中将大气压降压至预定真空度；在真空脱气部22中对钢带进行真空脱气；在等离子清洗部23中对钢带进行等离子表面清洗；在镀镍部24中对钢带进行预镀镍，从而形成镀镍层；在出口压差室25中将预定真空度升压至大气压。The step of carrying out pre-nickel plating on steel strip by PVD vacuum nickel plating method may include: depressurizing the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined vacuum degree in the inlet differential pressure chamber 21; carrying out vacuum degassing to the steel strip in the vacuum degassing part 22; In the plasma cleaning part 23, the steel strip is cleaned by plasma; in the nickel plating part 24, the steel strip is pre-nickel-plated to form a nickel-plated layer;
将大气压降压至预定真空度是指，利用入口压差室实现将1x105Pa的大气压逐级降压至PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度的梯度压力下降，将所述预定真空度升压至大气压是指，利用出口压差室实现将PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度逐级升压至1x105Pa的大气压力的梯度压力升高，其中，PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度为2x10-3Pa～5x10-3Pa。Depressurizing the atmospheric pressure to a predetermined degree of vacuum refers to using the inlet pressure difference chamber to gradually reduce the atmospheric pressure of 1×10 5 Pa to the gradient pressure drop of the background vacuum degree required for PVD vacuum plating, and raise the predetermined degree of vacuum to Pressure to atmospheric pressure refers to the step-by-step increase of the background vacuum degree required for PVD vacuum plating to the atmospheric pressure of 1x10 5 Pa by using the outlet pressure difference chamber. Among them, the background vacuum degree required for PVD vacuum plating The degree of vacuum is 2x10 -3 Pa to 5x10 -3 Pa.
其中，可利用PVD真空镀镍部20装配的相应的真空获得系统(例如，真空泵、真空阀门、真空管路和真空计等)根据具体工艺要求来实现不同的真空度，可通过例如真空泵经由真空管路抽真空来获得真空度并保持该真空度。Wherein, the corresponding vacuum obtaining system (for example, vacuum pump, vacuum valve, vacuum line and vacuum gauge, etc.) assembled by the PVD vacuum nickel plating unit 20 can be utilized to realize different vacuum degrees according to specific process requirements, and can be achieved by, for example, a vacuum pump via a vacuum line A vacuum is drawn to achieve and maintain the vacuum.
当通过入口压差室21将PVD真空镀镍部20中的真空度降至预定真空度后，可通过真空脱气部22进一步脱除钢带表面吸附的空气。接下来，在等离子清洗部23中对钢带进行等离子表面清洗。然后，在镀镍部24中对钢带进行预镀镍，形成镍镀层。如上所述，利用这层镍镀层可隔离钢中易氧化的合金元素(例如Al、Si、Mn、Cr等)与退火保护气氛，从而可避免钢带在退火炉30中发生选择性外氧化。After the vacuum degree in the PVD vacuum nickel plating part 20 is reduced to a predetermined vacuum degree through the inlet differential pressure chamber 21 , the air adsorbed on the surface of the steel strip can be further removed through the vacuum degassing part 22 . Next, plasma surface cleaning is performed on the steel strip in the plasma cleaning part 23 . Then, the steel strip is pre-plated with nickel in the nickel-plated part 24 to form a nickel-plated layer. As mentioned above, this layer of nickel coating can isolate easily oxidized alloy elements (such as Al, Si, Mn, Cr, etc.) in the steel from the annealing protective atmosphere, thereby preventing the selective external oxidation of the steel strip in the annealing furnace 30 .
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，对钢带进行预镀镍形成的镍镀层的厚度可以为300nm～500nm。如果镍镀层的厚度小于300nm，一方面，不能有效地防止氧亲和力较强的元素(例如Al、Si、Mn、Cr等)在钢板表面发生选择性外氧化；另一方面，也不能有效地防止Fe-Zn之间的扩散反应，使得形成过量的脆性Fe-Zn合金相，不利于钢带的变形。如果镍镀层的厚度大于500nm时，则会造成不必要的镍材料的浪费，还会影响到镀锌层和钢基体的结合力，导致镀锌层的附着性变差。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the nickel coating formed by pre-nickel-plating the steel strip may be 300nm-500nm. If the thickness of the nickel coating is less than 300nm, on the one hand, it cannot effectively prevent the selective external oxidation of elements with strong oxygen affinity (such as Al, Si, Mn, Cr, etc.) on the surface of the steel plate; on the other hand, it cannot effectively prevent The diffusion reaction between Fe-Zn makes the formation of excessive brittle Fe-Zn alloy phase, which is not conducive to the deformation of the steel strip. If the thickness of the nickel coating is greater than 500nm, unnecessary waste of nickel material will be caused, and the binding force between the galvanized layer and the steel substrate will be affected, resulting in poor adhesion of the galvanized layer.
形成镍镀层之后，通过出口压差室25，将预定真空度升压至大气压。After the nickel plating layer is formed, a predetermined degree of vacuum is raised to atmospheric pressure through the outlet differential pressure chamber 25 .
接下来，将预镀镍后的钢带送入退火炉30，对钢带进行退火。根据本发明的示例性实施例，可将预镀镍后的钢带升温至760℃～880℃，保温30s～120s时间，然后将退火后的钢带冷却到450℃～520℃。当钢带的退火温度不在760℃～880℃或者退火保温时间不在30s～120s范围内时，不利于钢带的再结晶。Next, the pre-nickel-plated steel strip is sent into the annealing furnace 30 to anneal the steel strip. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pre-nickel-plated steel strip can be heated to 760°C-880°C, held for 30s-120s, and then the annealed steel strip can be cooled to 450°C-520°C. When the annealing temperature of the steel strip is not in the range of 760°C to 880°C or the annealing holding time is not in the range of 30s to 120s, it is not conducive to the recrystallization of the steel strip.
通过首先在钢带上形成镍镀层，可在对钢带进行退火时，防止氧亲和力较强的元素(例如Al、Si、Mn、Cr等)在钢板表面发生选择性外氧化。By first forming a nickel coating on the steel strip, it is possible to prevent selective external oxidation of elements with strong oxygen affinity (such as Al, Si, Mn, Cr, etc.) on the surface of the steel sheet when the steel strip is annealed.
接下来，对退火后的钢带进行镀锌以形成镀锌层。根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，可在450℃～520℃的温度下对钢带进行镀锌，如果镀锌温度低于450℃，则镀锌过程中钢带会从锌锅中带走很多热量，增加锌锅加热负担。如果镀锌温度高于520℃，则会引起Fe-Zn相组织快速生长，是镀锌层脆性增加，影响镀锌层的成形性。根据本发明的一个示例性实施例，用于镀锌的锌液中的铝含量为0.13％～0.3％，如果铝含量低于0.13％，则无法形成Fe-Al抑制层，导致Fe-Zn相组织快速生长。如果铝含量高于0.3％，则会在锌锅表面形成大量面渣，影响镀锌钢带表面质量。Next, the annealed steel strip is galvanized to form a galvanized layer. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the steel strip can be galvanized at a temperature of 450°C to 520°C, if the galvanizing temperature is lower than 450°C, the steel strip will be taken away from the zinc pot during the galvanizing process A lot of heat increases the heating burden on the zinc pot. If the galvanizing temperature is higher than 520°C, it will cause rapid growth of Fe-Zn phase structure, which will increase the brittleness of the galvanized layer and affect the formability of the galvanized layer. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum content in the zinc solution used for galvanizing is 0.13% to 0.3%, if the aluminum content is lower than 0.13%, the Fe-Al suppression layer cannot be formed, resulting in Fe-Zn phase Tissue grows rapidly. If the aluminum content is higher than 0.3%, a large amount of surface slag will be formed on the surface of the zinc pot, which will affect the surface quality of the galvanized steel strip.
通过首先在钢带上形成镀镍层，然后在镀镍层上形成镀锌层，可抑制在对钢带进行镀锌时Fe-Zn之间的扩散反应，从而防止形成过量的脆性的Fe-Zn合金层。By first forming a nickel layer on the steel strip and then forming a zinc layer on the nickel layer, the diffusion reaction between Fe-Zn can be suppressed when the steel strip is galvanized, thereby preventing the formation of excessive brittle Fe- Zn alloy layer.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，可通过气刀来控制镀锌层的厚度。气刀可以是喷吹出压缩空气或高纯氮气的装置。其中，气刀的压力可以为200bar～400bar，气刀距离用于镀锌的锌液面的高度可以为100mm～400mm。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the galvanized layer may be controlled by an air knife. The air knife can be a device that blows out compressed air or high-purity nitrogen. Wherein, the pressure of the air knife can be 200bar-400bar, and the height of the air knife from the zinc liquid surface used for galvanizing can be 100mm-400mm.
在形成镀锌层之后，使钢带经过冷却部(诸如，空气冷却和水淬冷却)以降低钢带表面的温度，当表面温度降至室温后，可利用热风吹干带钢。然后，利用光整和拉矫工序来改善镀锌板的板形和表面质量。After the galvanized layer is formed, the steel strip is passed through a cooling section (such as air cooling and water quenching) to reduce the surface temperature of the steel strip. When the surface temperature drops to room temperature, the strip can be dried with hot air. Then, skin pass and tension leveling processes are used to improve the shape and surface quality of the galvanized sheet.
接下来，使镀锌钢带经过涂油或钝化等后处理工序，最后将钢带卷取为成品卷。Next, the galvanized steel strip is subjected to a post-treatment process such as oiling or passivation, and finally the steel strip is coiled into a finished coil.
实施例1Example 1
选用冷轧高强钢作为基带材质，冷轧高强钢含有Fe、Si、Mn、Cr和Al等成分。Cold-rolled high-strength steel is selected as the base material, and the cold-rolled high-strength steel contains Fe, Si, Mn, Cr, and Al.
钢带表面经过化学清洗和电解清洗，去除表面油污及铁锈，经热风烘干后进入连续PVD真空镀区段。连续PVD真空镀区段在真空气氛下，采用直流磁控溅射或者蒸镀的PVD技术在高强钢基带上镀镍，镀层厚度约400nm。The surface of the steel strip is chemically cleaned and electrolytically cleaned to remove surface oil and rust. After being dried by hot air, it enters the continuous PVD vacuum plating section. The continuous PVD vacuum plating section adopts DC magnetron sputtering or vapor deposition PVD technology to plate nickel on the high-strength steel substrate in a vacuum atmosphere, and the thickness of the coating is about 400nm.
根据工艺要求，各真空装置配有真空泵、真空阀门、真空管路和真空计等，以匹配工艺要求的不同的真空度，真空度通过真空泵经由真空管路抽真空获得并保持。利用入口多级压差室使1x105Pa的大气压按照梯度降低至PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度3x10-3Pa，利用出口多级压差室使PVD真空镀所需的本底真空度3x10-3Pa按照梯度升压至大气压力1x105Pa。According to the process requirements, each vacuum device is equipped with vacuum pumps, vacuum valves, vacuum pipelines and vacuum gauges to match the different vacuum degrees required by the process. The vacuum degree is obtained and maintained by vacuum pumping through the vacuum pipelines. Use the inlet multi-stage differential pressure chamber to reduce the atmospheric pressure of 1x10 5 Pa to the background vacuum required for PVD vacuum plating 3x10 -3 Pa according to the gradient, and use the outlet multi-stage differential pressure chamber to reduce the background vacuum required for PVD vacuum plating 3x10 -3 Pa is raised to atmospheric pressure 1x10 5 Pa according to the gradient.
当高强钢基带连续运行通过连续PVD真空镀镍区段时，顺次完成真空烘烤脱气、等离子表面清洁及PVD真空镀镍，然后经由出口多级压差室回到大气环境。When the high-strength steel base belt runs continuously through the continuous PVD vacuum nickel plating section, vacuum baking and degassing, plasma surface cleaning and PVD vacuum nickel plating are completed in sequence, and then returned to the atmospheric environment through the outlet multi-stage differential pressure chamber.
经过真空镀镍的钢带进入退火炉，在760℃～880℃温度范围内迅速完成再结晶退火，得到所需的力学性能。The vacuum nickel-plated steel strip enters the annealing furnace, and the recrystallization annealing is rapidly completed in the temperature range of 760 ° C to 880 ° C to obtain the required mechanical properties.
退火后的钢带冷却到450℃～520℃范围内，进入锌锅进行热镀锌，锌锅温度450℃～480℃，锌液铝含量0.13％～0.3％，其余为锌及锌锭中所含杂质。The steel strip after annealing is cooled to the range of 450°C-520°C, and enters the zinc pot for hot-dip galvanizing. The temperature of the zinc pot is 450°C-480°C. Contains impurities.
钢带出锌锅后，采用气刀控制镀锌层厚度，气刀喷吹出压缩空气或高纯氮气，气刀压力200bar～400bar，气刀距离锌液面100mm～400mm。After the steel strip comes out of the zinc pot, use an air knife to control the thickness of the galvanized layer. The air knife blows out compressed air or high-purity nitrogen. The air knife pressure is 200bar-400bar, and the air knife is 100mm-400mm away from the zinc liquid surface.
镀锌后，钢带经过空气冷却和水淬冷却，表面温度降至室温，经热风吹干后，经过光整和拉矫工序，以改善镀锌板的板形和表面质量。After galvanizing, the steel strip is air-cooled and water-quenched, and the surface temperature drops to room temperature. After being dried by hot air, it undergoes skin-passing and tension-leveling processes to improve the shape and surface quality of the galvanized sheet.
镀锌钢带经过涂油或钝化等后处理工序，然后卷取为成品卷。Galvanized steel strip undergoes post-treatment processes such as oiling or passivation, and is then coiled into finished coils.
根据本发明的示例性实施例，通过在对钢带进行退火处理之前，利用PVD真空镀镍方法在钢带的表面上镀覆镍镀层，可防止钢中的合金元素发生选择性外氧化而恶化钢带浸润性的问题。此外，该镍镀层有效抑制了Fe-Zn之间的扩散反应，防止形成过量的脆性的Fe-Zn合金相，提高镀锌层与钢基体之间的结合力，有利于高强钢镀锌钢带的成形。According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, before the steel strip is annealed, the surface of the steel strip is plated with a nickel coating by using the PVD vacuum nickel plating method, which can prevent the deterioration of the alloy elements in the steel due to selective external oxidation. The problem of strip wettability. In addition, the nickel coating effectively inhibits the diffusion reaction between Fe-Zn, prevents the formation of excessive brittle Fe-Zn alloy phases, improves the bonding force between the galvanized layer and the steel matrix, and is beneficial to the high-strength steel galvanized steel strip. of forming.
此外，根据本发明的示例性实施例的方法的步骤简单，具有工艺可靠、易操作、效率高的特点。In addition, the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has simple steps, reliable process, easy operation and high efficiency.
虽然已表示和描述了本发明的一些实施例，但本领域技术人员应该理解，在不脱离由权利要求及其等同物限定其范围的本发明的原理和精神的情况下，可以对这些实施例进行修改。While certain embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents. to modify.
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