CN105078441A - Human microcirculation blood perfusion detecting instrument and method - Google Patents
Human microcirculation blood perfusion detecting instrument and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a human microcirculation blood perfusion detecting instrument and method. The detecting instrument comprises a laser module, a light probe, a detecting module, a signal processing module and a user interface module. The laser module emits laser signals of preset wavelength to the light probe. The light probe transmits the laser signals emitted by the laser module to human tissue and transmits light signals reflected by the human tissue to the detecting module. The detecting module converts the light signals transmitted by the light probe into corresponding electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the signal processing module. The signal processing module extracts Doppler shift signals from the electric signals and calculates blood perfusion according to the Doppler shift signals. The user interface module displays the blood perfusion visually. The detecting instrument can help doctors or related medical staff find the situation in time and take effective treatment measures when microcirculation disturbance happens to a patient, and therefore health of the patient is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical detection, in particular to a human body microcirculation blood perfusion detection instrument which can detect the human body tissue microcirculation blood perfusion in a non-invasive way and also relates to a detection method correspondingly.
Background
Microcirculation is the blood circulation in capillary vessels between arterioles and venules, is the most basic structure and function unit in the human circulatory system, is used as a way for exchanging substances between human blood and tissues and cells, and is responsible for providing oxygen, nutrients, transferring energy, discharging carbon dioxide, metabolic waste and the like for each organ and each tissue cell, so that clinical measurement of the human microcirculation plays an important role in guiding and assisting in judging whether each tissue of a human body is healthy and treating diseases.
Especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), when many serious patients are treated, the microcirculation blood supply of the toe part of the patient is insufficient due to the reduction of the blood circulation function, and if doctors do not find and take effective treatment measures in time, the toe part of the patient is finally necrotized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detector capable of monitoring tissue microcirculation blood perfusion of ICU severe patients including fingers and toes, which helps medical staff to find and take effective treatment measures in time when patients have microcirculation disturbance so as to ensure the health of the patients.
The invention provides a human microcirculation blood perfusion detector, which comprises a laser module, an optical probe, a detection module, a signal processing module and a user interface module, wherein the optical probe is used for detecting the blood perfusion of a human body; wherein,
the laser module is used for transmitting a laser signal with a preset wavelength to the optical probe;
the optical probe is used for contacting the surface of the human tissue, transmitting a laser signal emitted by the laser module to the human tissue and transmitting an optical signal with a Doppler frequency shift signal reflected by the human tissue to the detection module;
the detection module is used for converting the optical signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the optical probe into a corresponding electric signal and transmitting the corresponding electric signal to the signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for extracting Doppler frequency shift signals from the electric signals transmitted by the detection module and calculating perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signals;
and the user interface module is used for displaying the blood perfusion calculated by the signal processing module in a visual form.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the optical probe is provided with an exit optical fiber and a plurality of incident optical fibers arranged around the exit optical fiber; the emergent optical fiber is connected with the laser module, and the incident optical fiber is connected with the detection module.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of each optical fiber of the optical probe is 50 μm to 250 μm, and the distance between adjacent optical fibers is 250 μm to 2000 μm.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the signal processing module includes an extraction unit and a calculation unit; the extraction unit comprises a first filter circuit, an alternating current amplification circuit, a second filter circuit, a direct current amplification circuit and an A/D converter;
the first filter circuit is used for preliminarily filtering the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module so as to remove noise outside a useful signal bandwidth;
the alternating current amplifying circuit amplifies the electric signal filtered by the first filter circuit;
the second filter circuit is used for carrying out secondary filtering on the electric signal amplified by the alternating current amplification circuit so as to remove noise introduced by the circuit within a useful signal bandwidth, obtain a time-varying voltage signal and output the time-varying voltage signal to the A/D converter;
the direct current amplifying circuit is used for directly amplifying the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module to obtain an amplified original electric signal and outputting the amplified original electric signal to the A/D converter;
the A/D converter is used for converting the electric signal transmitted by the second filter circuit and the electric signal transmitted by the direct current amplifying circuit from an analog form to a digital form and outputting the electric signals to the computing unit;
the calculating unit is used for calculating the blood perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the A/D converter.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the user interface module is displayed in particular as a number, a graph or a waveform.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the user interface module is provided with a basic user mode and an advanced user mode; displaying the blood flow perfusion in the form of numbers and graphs in a basic user mode; in addition to displaying the blood perfusion, the advanced user mode also displays the waveform diagram of the time-varying voltage signal, the power spectrum and the frequency weighted power spectrum.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the laser device further includes a wavelength setting module for setting a wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the laser module.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wavelength setting module is set to have a center wavelength of 650nm + -10 nm or 780nm + -10 nm or 850nm + -10 nm.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a human body microcirculation blood flow perfusion detection method, which comprises the following steps:
a1, emitting a laser signal with a preset wavelength for detecting blood perfusion of human tissues;
a2, receiving reflected optical signals with Doppler frequency shift signals from multiple directions;
a3, converting the optical signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal into a corresponding electrical signal;
a4, extracting Doppler frequency shift signals from the electric signals, and calculating blood perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signals.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculating of blood perfusion in step a4 is specifically:
a41, converting the electric signal into a digital signal, and carrying out Fourier transform on the digital signal to obtain a power spectrum of the digital signal;
and A42, performing integral calculation on the power spectrum with the frequency weight, and dividing the calculation result by the average value of the square of the original electric signal converted into the digital signal so as to normalize the blood perfusion.
Has the advantages that: the human body microcirculation blood perfusion detector provided by the invention can be used for monitoring the microcirculation blood perfusion of tissues including fingers and toes of ICU severe patients, displaying the perfusion in a visual form, and helping doctors or related medical personnel to find and take effective treatment measures in time when the patients have microcirculation disturbance, thereby ensuring the health of the patients.
The human body microcirculation blood perfusion detection method correspondingly provided by the invention also has the beneficial effects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a modular structure of a perfusion detector for human microcirculation blood flow according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical probe according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a human body microcirculation blood perfusion detection method according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall operation of detecting the microcirculation blood perfusion of the finger tip in the application example.
Fig. 5 is a partial operation diagram for detecting the microcirculation blood perfusion of finger tip in the application example.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the propagation method of optical signals when detecting the perfusion of the microcirculation blood of finger tip in the application example.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The basic principle of laser Doppler detection of human microcirculation is that laser is transmitted to an optical probe through an optical fiber, when the optical probe is placed on the surface of human tissue, part of the laser is reflected by the tissue surface, and enters into microvessels, light scattered back by moving red blood cells generates Doppler frequency shift, light scattered back by static tissue has no Doppler frequency shift, the two parts of light are received by a photoelectric detector and converted into electric signals, then Doppler signals are extracted through a filter, and the amplitude and the frequency of the signals are respectively in direct proportion to the number of red blood cells moving in the measured tissue volume and the speeds of the red blood cells. Because the number of blood cells in the measured volume is a random quantity which changes along with the pulse, the microcirculation rhythm and the activities of other organs of the human body, the movement speed of the red blood cells in the measured volume is not a single value, and the received optical signals are scattered back through multiple collisions, the frequency of the Doppler frequency shift signal is not a single value and is distributed in a certain frequency range, and the signal in the frequency range is integrated, so that the blood perfusion of the measured volume can be reflected.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the human microcirculation blood perfusion detector of the present embodiment includes a laser module 10, an optical probe 20, a detection module 30, a signal processing module 40, and a user interface module 50; wherein,
the laser module 10 is configured to transmit a laser signal with a preset wavelength to the optical probe 20;
the optical probe 20 is used for contacting with the surface of the human tissue, transmitting the laser signal emitted by the laser module 10 to the human tissue, and transmitting the optical signal with the doppler shift signal reflected by the human tissue to the detection module 30;
the detection module 30 is configured to convert the optical signal with the doppler shift signal transmitted by the optical probe 20 into a corresponding electrical signal, and transmit the corresponding electrical signal to the signal processing module 40;
the signal processing module 40 is configured to extract a doppler shift signal from the electrical signal transmitted by the detection module 30, and calculate perfusion according to the doppler shift signal;
the user interface module 50 is configured to display the blood perfusion calculated by the signal processing module 40 in a visualized form.
In this embodiment, the laser module 10 is configured to emit a laser signal with a specific wavelength, specifically, 650nm, 780nm, or 850nm, and the red blood cells have different light absorption rates for different wavelengths, so that the laser with different wavelengths may affect the measurement depth of the human tissue, and therefore, the laser with the specific wavelength may be selected according to specific requirements. The laser module 10 may structurally include a semiconductor laser and a control circuit; to facilitate coupling to the optical fiber, a standard fiber adapter (e.g., FC) may be mounted on the semiconductor laser; the control circuit mainly comprises a direct current driving circuit, and the magnitude of the driving current can be adjusted on the circuit board.
In a specific implementation, the present embodiment may further include a wavelength setting module 60 for setting a wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the laser module 10. The center wavelength set by the wavelength setting module 60 is preferably 650nm + -10 nm, or 780nm + -10 nm, or 850nm + -10 nm.
In this embodiment, the structure of the optical probe 20 is optimized, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the optical probe 20 is provided with one outgoing optical fiber 21 and a plurality of incoming optical fibers 22 arranged around the outgoing optical fiber (the number of the incoming optical fibers 22 may be specifically 6 as shown in fig. 2, but may also be other suitable numbers); the outgoing optical fiber 21 is connected with the laser module 10 and is used for transmitting a laser signal emitted by the laser module 10; the incident optical fiber 22 is connected to the detection module 30 for collecting the optical signal reflected from the human tissue. Since the optical signal emitted into the human tissue propagates in an infinite number of different directions after being scattered and reflected multiple times, the present embodiment provides a plurality of incident optical fibers 22 to improve the probability of capturing the doppler signal.
In addition, the distance between the optical fibers is also important, and in this embodiment, the diameter of each optical fiber (the outgoing optical fiber 21 and the incoming optical fiber 22) of the optical probe 20 is 50 μm to 250 μm, and the distance between adjacent optical fibers is 250 μm to 2000 μm, so as to further increase the probability of capturing the doppler signal. In use, the end faces of the optical fibers of the optical probe 20 are stably fixed on the surface of human tissue (e.g., finger tip) to minimize the influence of false motion on detection.
The detection module 30 may structurally include a photodiode and a receiving circuit. To facilitate coupling with the optical fibers, a standard fiber optic adapter (e.g., FC) may be mounted on the face of the detection module 30. The receiving circuit can ensure that the photodiode works under a proper condition and can be used as a first amplification stage to amplify weak signals reflected from human tissues.
The signal processing module 40 may structurally include an extraction unit 41 and a calculation unit 42, where the extraction unit 41 includes a first filter circuit, an ac amplification circuit, a second filter circuit, a dc amplification circuit, and an a/D converter.
The first filter circuit is used for preliminarily filtering the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module so as to remove noise outside a useful signal bandwidth; the alternating current amplifying circuit amplifies the electric signal filtered by the first filter circuit; the second filter circuit is used for carrying out secondary filtering on the electric signal amplified by the alternating current amplification circuit so as to remove noise introduced by the circuit within a useful signal bandwidth, obtain a time-varying voltage signal and output the time-varying voltage signal to the A/D converter, wherein the time-varying voltage signal can be represented by Vac (t); the direct current amplifying circuit is used for directly amplifying the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module to obtain an amplified original electric signal and outputting the amplified original electric signal to the A/D converter, and the amplified original electric signal can be represented by vdc (t); the a/D converter is configured to convert the electrical signal transmitted from the second filtering circuit and the electrical signal transmitted from the dc amplifying circuit from analog form to digital form, and output the converted electrical signal to the computing unit 42; the calculation unit 42 is configured to calculate blood perfusion according to the doppler shift signal transmitted from the a/D converter.
In this embodiment, the method for calculating the blood perfusion by the calculating unit 42 is as follows: converting a time-varying voltage signal Vac(t) converting the signal into a digital signal, and carrying out Fourier transform on the digital signal to obtain a power spectrum P (omega) of the digital signal; then, the power spectrum with the frequency weight is subjected to integral calculation, and the calculation result is divided by the original electric signal V converted into the digital signaldc(t) mean of the squares to normalize perfusion, in particular with reference to the following formula:
wherein CMBC (i.e., a concentration of erythrocytes) refers to the concentration of flowing erythrocytes, and P (ω) is a time-varying voltage signal Vac(t) a power spectrum obtained after Fourier transform; n isCMBC(idc) Is the CMBC noise of the system; ω refers to frequency, ω P (ω) is a power spectrum with frequency weights; n isperf(idc) Is the Perf noise of the system, idcIs a current representation of the original electrical signal vdc (t), and Perf (i.e. perfusion) is the perfusion of the blood flow.
In this embodiment, the user interface module 50 may specifically display numbers, graphs or wave diagrams, and help a doctor to find and take effective treatment measures in time when the patient has a microcirculation disturbance, so as to ensure the health of the patient.
The user interface module 50 may further be provided with a basic user mode and an advanced user mode; the blood perfusion can be displayed in the form of numbers and graphs in the basic user mode; in addition to displaying the blood perfusion in the advanced user mode, a waveform diagram of the time-varying voltage signal, the power spectrum, and the frequency weighted power spectrum may also be displayed. At the same time, the user interface module 50 may also store the relevant data in a hard disk for further analysis.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, in accordance with the first embodiment, the second embodiment provides a method for detecting perfusion of human microcirculation blood flow, which mainly includes the following steps S100 to S500:
s100, emitting a laser signal with a preset wavelength for detecting blood perfusion of human tissues;
s200, receiving reflected optical signals with Doppler frequency shift signals from multiple directions;
s300, converting the optical signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal into a corresponding electric signal;
s400, extracting a Doppler frequency shift signal from the electric signal, and calculating bleeding perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signal;
and S500, displaying the calculated blood perfusion in a visualization form.
The calculation of the blood perfusion in step S400 can be summarized as follows with reference to the calculation method in the first embodiment:
s410, converting the electric signal into a digital signal, and carrying out Fourier transform on the digital signal to obtain a power spectrum of the digital signal;
and S420, performing integral calculation on the power spectrum with the frequency weight, and dividing the calculation result by the average value of the square of the original electric signal converted into the digital signal so as to normalize the blood perfusion.
It can be understood that the second embodiment can also help the doctor to find and take effective treatment measures in time when the patient has microcirculation disturbance, so as to ensure the health of the patient.
Examples of the applications
In order to better implement the first embodiment or the second embodiment, a specific application example is introduced below.
Taking a fingertip of a patient as an example, please refer to fig. 4 to 6, wherein fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall operation of detecting the perfusion of the microcirculation blood of the fingertip in an application example, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a local operation of detecting the perfusion of the microcirculation blood of the fingertip in an application example, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a propagation direction of an optical signal when detecting the perfusion of the microcirculation blood of the fingertip in an application example; in fig. 4: 101-hand, 102-optical probe, 103-fiber bundle, 104-instrument host including user interface module, 105-display including user interface module, 106-user interface; in fig. 5: 201-finger, 202-finger clip, 203-soft buffer layer, 204-optical probe end, 205-optical fiber bundle, 206-spring; in fig. 6: 301-finger capillary, 302-finger skin, 303-optical probe tip, 304-finger grip, 305-exit fiber, 306-entrance fiber, 307-soft buffer layer. Examples of applications include the following:
1. placing an optical probe on the surface of the finger tip of a patient;
2. the laser module emits 5mW laser signals with the wavelength of 780nm and transmits the laser signals to the finger tip surface of the patient through an emergent optical fiber in the optical probe;
4. the laser signal part is reflected by the surface of the finger tip of the patient, and other parts enter the inside of the finger tip, interact with the moving red blood cells and are partially scattered back to the surface of the finger tip of the patient;
5. the optical signals scattered back to the surfaces of the finger tips of the fingers of the patient are collected by a plurality of incident optical fibers in the optical probe and transmitted to the signal processing module;
6. the signal processing module filters noise, adjusts an output signal to a proper amplitude through an amplifier, and converts an analog signal into a digital signal through an A/D converter;
7. performing fast Fourier transform on the digital signal to obtain a power spectrum with Doppler information, and integrating and normalizing the power spectrum with the weight to complete blood perfusion calculation;
8. blood perfusion, time-varying voltage signals, power spectra, etc. are displayed to a user (e.g., physician) via a user interface module, while related data is also stored in a hard disk for further analysis.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A human microcirculation blood perfusion detector is characterized by comprising a laser module, an optical probe, a detection module, a signal processing module and a user interface module; wherein,
the laser module is used for transmitting a laser signal with a preset wavelength to the optical probe;
the optical probe is used for contacting the surface of the human tissue, transmitting a laser signal emitted by the laser module to the human tissue and transmitting an optical signal with a Doppler frequency shift signal reflected by the human tissue to the detection module;
the detection module is used for converting the optical signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the optical probe into a corresponding electric signal and transmitting the corresponding electric signal to the signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for extracting Doppler frequency shift signals from the electric signals transmitted by the detection module and calculating perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signals;
and the user interface module is used for displaying the blood perfusion calculated by the signal processing module in a visual form.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical probe has an exit fiber and a plurality of incident fibers disposed around the exit fiber; the emergent optical fiber is connected with the laser module, and the incident optical fiber is connected with the detection module.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the optical probe has a diameter of 50 μm to 250 μm and a distance between adjacent optical fibers is 250 μm to 2000 μm.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises an extraction unit and a calculation unit; the extraction unit comprises a first filter circuit, an alternating current amplification circuit, a second filter circuit, a direct current amplification circuit and an A/D converter;
the first filter circuit is used for preliminarily filtering the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module so as to remove noise outside a useful signal bandwidth;
the alternating current amplifying circuit amplifies the electric signal filtered by the first filter circuit;
the second filter circuit is used for carrying out secondary filtering on the electric signal amplified by the alternating current amplification circuit so as to remove noise introduced by the circuit within a useful signal bandwidth, obtain a time-varying voltage signal and output the time-varying voltage signal to the A/D converter;
the direct current amplifying circuit is used for directly amplifying the electric signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the detection module to obtain an amplified original electric signal and outputting the amplified original electric signal to the A/D converter;
the A/D converter is used for converting the electric signal transmitted by the second filter circuit and the electric signal transmitted by the direct current amplifying circuit from an analog form to a digital form and outputting the electric signals to the computing unit;
the calculating unit is used for calculating the blood perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signal transmitted by the A/D converter.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the user interface module displays a number, a graph or a waveform.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the user interface module is configured to have a basic user mode and an advanced user mode; displaying the blood flow perfusion in the form of numbers and graphs in a basic user mode; in addition to displaying the blood perfusion, the advanced user mode also displays the waveform diagram of the time-varying voltage signal, the power spectrum and the frequency weighted power spectrum.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a wavelength setting module for setting the wavelength of the laser signal emitted by the laser module.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the wavelength setting module sets a center wavelength of 650nm ± 10nm, 780nm ± 10nm, or 850nm ± 10 nm.
9. A human microcirculation blood perfusion detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, emitting a laser signal with a preset wavelength for detecting blood perfusion of human tissues;
a2, receiving reflected optical signals with Doppler frequency shift signals from multiple directions;
a3, converting the optical signal with the Doppler frequency shift signal into a corresponding electrical signal;
a4, extracting Doppler frequency shift signals from the electric signals, and calculating blood perfusion according to the Doppler frequency shift signals;
and A5, displaying the calculated blood perfusion in a visualization form.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the calculating of blood perfusion in step a4 is specifically:
a41, converting the electric signal into a digital signal, and carrying out Fourier transform on the digital signal to obtain a power spectrum of the digital signal;
and A42, performing integral calculation on the power spectrum with the frequency weight, and dividing the calculation result by the average value of the square of the original electric signal converted into the digital signal so as to normalize the blood perfusion.
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| CN109924969A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-25 | 优谱激光科技(南京)有限公司 | A kind of laser imaging blood perfusion detection device with light probe |
| CN109965877A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-05 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第二附属医院 | Portable tissue blood perfusion monitor based on spectral parameters of abdominal electrical impedance |
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| CN113597536A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-02 | 京瓷株式会社 | Measurement device, measurement system, measurement method, and program |
| CN114403840A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 雅安市人民医院 | Deep tissue perfusion degree calculation method based on near infrared spectrum |
| CN119184653A (en) * | 2024-11-22 | 2024-12-27 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | Microcirculation monitoring intervention device |
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