CN105066949A - Roadway spatial deformation measuring device and measuring method based on device - Google Patents

Abstract

A roadway space deformation measurement device and a measurement method based on the device belong to the technical field of rock mass mechanics parameter measurement, and are used to overcome the shortcomings of low accuracy in roadway space deformation measurement in the prior art. Including base point fixing parts, steel ruler with holes and the host, the steel ruler with holes and the host are detachable structures, the host includes hooks, adjusting nuts, data processing and display devices, three-dimensional compass, calipers, ruler hole pins and ruler holders, The base point fixing piece includes the first base point fixing piece and the second base point fixing piece. The steel ruler with holes is connected to the first base point fixing piece through the hook, and the ruler hole pin is inserted into the round hole of the steel ruler with holes. Fix the steel ruler with holes with the ruler frame, the ruler frame is connected with a three-dimensional compass, and the three-dimensional compass is also connected with the data processing and display device, the data processing and display device includes a control unit and a display unit, and the data processing and display device is adjusted The nut is connected with the hook, and the hook is connected with the second base point fixing piece; it is suitable for measuring mechanical parameters of rock mass.

Description

Roadway space deformation measurement device and measurement method based on the device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass mechanics parameter measurement, and in particular relates to a roadway space deformation measurement device for monitoring the relative displacement and angle of any two points in space and a measurement method based on the device.

Background technique

The roadway is an important underground transportation channel and working space, and its stability directly affects the normal production of the mine and the life safety of workers. At present, in underground engineering, because the excavation operation destroys the original stress balance state of the rock mass, it causes a certain degree of displacement, deformation and damage of the surrounding rock mass; secondly, the stress of the surrounding rock mass is always in the process of dynamic change, and the displacement of the rock mass , deformation and permeability characteristics are also changed. Rock mass displacement and deformation data are the basis of rock mass mechanical parameters, and accurate acquisition of rock mass displacement and deformation data is an important guarantee for controlling the stability of rock mass and ensuring the smooth development of the project.

At present, tunnels, mines, and underground engineering mainly use mechanical steel rule convergent instruments to measure the deformation, displacement and settlement of key positions. The calculation of the convergence value of this kind of astringent is based on the difference between the two intervals before and after the two base points. This type of equipment does not take into account the offset of the two base points in the spatial position during the measurement, and the change of the azimuth and inclination of the line connecting the base points, so the result of using the convergent instrument at this time is not suitable. Moreover, the existing measuring device does not contain a three-dimensional compass, so accurate measurement cannot be performed. In addition, the steel ruler part of the traditional mechanical convergence instrument is heavy, and it is easy to fall due to gravity during the measurement process, so it cannot ensure its levelness, resulting in measurement deviation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a roadway space deformation measurement device that can effectively improve the accuracy of measurement results and a measurement method based on the device.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device capable of accurately and accurately measuring the spatial deformation of the roadway and a measurement method based on the device to overcome the shortcomings of large deviation and low accuracy in the measurement of roadway space deformation in the prior art.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the roadway space deformation measurement device includes a base point fixing piece, a steel ruler with a hole and a host, the steel ruler with a hole and the host are of a detachable structure, and the host includes a hook, an adjustment Nuts, data processing and display devices, three-dimensional compass, calipers, ruler hole pins and ruler holders, the base point fixing part is used for base point positioning in the rock body of the roadway, and the base point fixing part is provided with a connecting piece for connecting with the hook, The base point fixing part includes a first base point fixing part and a second base point fixing part. A hook is provided at one end of the steel ruler with a hole, and the steel ruler with a hole is connected to the connector of the first base point fixing part through the hook. A number of round holes are evenly arranged on the steel ruler. By inserting the ruler hole pins into the round holes, the steel ruler with holes is fixed to one end of the ruler frame with a ruler clip. The other end of the ruler frame is connected with a three-dimensional compass, and the three-dimensional The compass is connected to one end of the data processing and display device. The data processing and display device includes a control unit and a display unit. The display unit includes a tension window on the surface of the data processing and display device to display the degree of tension of the system and a parameter to display the value of the measured parameter. Window, there are positioning lines displayed in the tension window, and there are several positioning lines. There is also a marking ruler in the tension window, and a marking line is provided on the marking ruler. The marking ruler is connected with the adjusting nut. The marking line of the positioning line can be moved correspondingly between the positioning lines. The test parameter value includes at least the value of the digital display displacement, azimuth angle and inclination angle. The other end of the data processing and display device is connected with one end of the adjustment nut. The other end is provided with a hook, and the hook is connected with the connecting piece of the second base point fixing piece.

Specifically, the connecting piece is a metal object with a hook structure, the surface of which is coated with an anti-rust layer.

Further, the data processing and display device is also provided with a battery and an LED lamp connected to the battery, and the LED lamp is arranged above the display unit.

Preferably, the data processing and display device further includes a reset unit and a switch unit, the reset unit and the switch unit are connected to the control unit, the surface of the data processing and display device is also provided with a reset button and a switch button, and the reset The zero button and the switch button are respectively connected with the reset unit and the switch unit.

Further, the device also includes a support frame for supporting the steel ruler with holes.

Specifically, the tension window includes a screen, the positioning line is located on the screen of the tension window, and a scale is provided under the screen, and a spring is also included, and the adjustment nut is connected to the scale through a spring.

Another technical solution of the present invention is based on the measurement method of the above-mentioned roadway space deformation measurement device, comprising the following steps:

A. Drill holes in the roadway space to be tested, determine two base points, and install the first base point fixing piece and the second base point fixing piece respectively at the two base points;

B. Connect the steel ruler with a hole to the first base point fixing piece through the hook, connect the hook at the other end of the adjusting nut to the second base point fixing piece, select a round hole on the steel ruler and insert it into the hole pin of the ruler, and use the ruler card to hold the The steel ruler with holes is connected with the ruler frame to keep the whole roadway space deformation measurement device in balance, and then the adjusting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass are connected in turn to set up the whole roadway space deformation measurement device;

C. Turn on the data processing and display device, and rotate the adjusting nut so that the marking line is at a specific position;

D. Monitor and record the values of digital display displacement, azimuth and inclination angle. If the value of digital display displacement exceeds the length of the measurement range, then enter step E. If not, then directly enter step F. The length of the measurement range has a hole The distance between adjacent circular holes on the steel ruler;

E. Open the ruler card, remove the ruler hole pin, gather the steel ruler with holes, select the round hole adjacent to the current round hole, insert the ruler hole pin, connect the steel ruler with holes with the ruler frame with the ruler card, and make it The whole roadway space deformation measuring device is kept in balance, and then the adjusting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass are connected in sequence, the whole roadway space deformation measuring device is set up, and step D is entered;

F. Record the initial values of the two base points, the initial values include the initial steel ruler reading L ₀ , the initial digital display displacement value D ₀ , the initial azimuth value α ₀ and the initial inclination value And measure the azimuth α in the direction of the roadway. The measurement process is: connect the two hooks to the two base point fixtures respectively, that is, place them on the side walls of the roadway at the two base points, and read the data on the left side wall and the right side wall respectively. When reading the azimuth angle, the average value of the sum of the readings on the left and right sides is taken as the azimuth α of the direction of the roadway;

G. After the roadway space is deformed or after a certain period of time, rotate the adjusting nut so that the marking line _is at the specific position in step C, and record the actual values of the two base points repeatedly. Reading D _n , nth azimuth reading α _n and nth inclination reading n is the number of measurements, n=1, 2, 3..., use the following formula to calculate the deformation value, where S _x represents the displacement value in the x direction; S _y represents the displacement value in the y direction; S _z represents the displacement in the z direction value, D represents the overall displacement value,

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

H. Complete the test and disassemble the roadway space deformation measurement device.

Preferably, the specific position in step C is that the marking line is located at the center of the positioning lines on both sides.

Specifically, the step F includes measuring and recording the initial ambient temperature T ₀ , and the step G is specifically that the tunnel space is deformed or after a certain period of time, the adjusting nut is rotated so that the marking line is located at a specific position in step C, and the two base points are repeatedly recorded The actual value includes the nth steel ruler reading L _n , the nth display reading D _n , the nth azimuth reading α _n and the nth inclination reading And measure the ambient temperature T _n of the nth time, n is the number of measurements, n=1, 2, 3..., and use the following correction formula for temperature correction,

L' _n ＝L _n -a(T _n -T ₀ )×L _n

L' _n is the length of the steel ruler after temperature correction, a is the linear expansion coefficient of the steel tape ruler, and a=12×10 ^-6 ℃;

Use the following formula to calculate the deformation value after temperature correction in the roadway space, where S _x ′ represents the displacement value in the x direction after temperature correction; S _y ′ represents the displacement value in the y direction after temperature correction; S _x ′ represents the displacement value in the y direction after temperature correction; The displacement value in the z direction, D' represents the overall displacement value after temperature correction, as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

Further, steps between steps D and E

D1. Clearing the data on the data processing and display device.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: simple structure, easy to manufacture, optimize the existing mechanical steel ruler astringent device for judging spatial deformation only by the change of the length of two points in space, by adjusting the length, azimuth and The inclination angle and other parameters are used to calculate the spatial deformation. There are many parameters, which makes the result more optimized; secondly, this device adopts the structure of separating the steel ruler with holes from the main machine, which optimizes the shortcomings of the existing convergent instrument due to the gravity of the steel ruler affecting its levelness. , which reduces the measurement error of the system and further improves the accuracy of the results. This method includes the above measurement parameters. Compared with the prior art, it only subtracts the two measured data before and after, and does not consider the spatial displacement of the two base points during the measurement process. The measurement point may not be measured in the first measurement. The method on the location, the method of the present application can calculate the three-dimensional deformation displacement of two base points, and provide more accurate data for evaluating the displacement and deformation of rock mass. The invention is applicable to the measurement of mechanical parameters of rock mass.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation when the present invention is installed and used;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of steel ruler with holes among the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the Zoomlion ruler frame, the ruler clip and the ruler hole pin of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the front view of data processing and display device among the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the three-dimensional compass in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of reading part when the present invention carries out reading;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the space base point before and after deformation of the present invention;

Among them, 11 is the first base point fixing part, 12 is the second base point fixing part, 2 is the hook, 3 is the adjusting nut, 20 is the data processing and display device, 4 is the parameter window, 5 is the tension window, 51 is the marking line, 52 is a positioning line, 6 is a three-dimensional compass, 7 is a ruler card, 8 is a steel ruler with holes, 9 is a ruler hole pin, 10 is a ruler frame, 81 is a steel ruler main body, 82 is a reel, and 83 is a round hole. 21 is the reset button, 22 is the switch button, H _x , H _y , _Hz are the geomagnetic field strength components of the compass coordinate system x, y, and z axes measured by the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor; g _x , g _y are the attitude The gravitational acceleration component of the compass coordinate system x and y axes measured by the angular acceleration sensor; A/D represents the analog-to-digital signal converter, α represents the azimuth angle, Indicates the inclination, O-XYZ is the space coordinate system, ab represents the line connecting the two base points before deformation, and a _n b _n represents the line connecting the two base points after deformation.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the roadway spatial deformation measuring device of the present invention includes a base point fixing member 1, a steel ruler with holes 8 and a main machine, and the steel ruler with holes is a steel ruler with holes. The steel ruler with holes 8 and the host are detachable structures, and the host includes a hook 2, an adjusting nut 3, a data processing and display device 20, a three-dimensional compass 6, a ruler card 7, a ruler hole pin 9 and a ruler frame 10. The steel ruler with holes 8 can be realized by using the steel ruler in the existing mechanical steel ruler astringent instrument. Its structure is shown in FIG.

The base point fixing part 1 is used for positioning the base point in the roadway rock body, and the base point fixing part 1 is provided with a connecting part for connecting with the hook 2 . The connecting piece is a hook-shaped metal object, in addition, it can also be ring-shaped, protruding or other shapes, and the hook-shaped structure is preferred because it is simple in structure, easy to implement, and can save costs and materials. Iron is preferred because it is cheap and easy to fabricate. Because the underground roadway is cold and humid, the moisture is heavy, and the humidity is high, the surface of the hook-shaped metal object is coated with an anti-rust layer. In specific operations, it can be sprayed with anti-rust paint. Preferably, the length of the connector is 40 cm, the diameter is 0.5 cm, and the radius of the arc part is 2.5 cm. The base point fixing part 1 includes a first base point fixing part 11 and a second base point fixing part 12 . One end of the steel ruler with holes 8 is provided with a hook 2, and the length of the hook is 5 cm. The steel ruler with holes 8 is connected with the connector of the first base point fixture 11 by the hook 2. The steel ruler with holes 8 is provided with Several round holes, in order to ensure measurement accuracy and facilitate operation, the round holes are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between two adjacent round holes is 25mm. Based on practical considerations, the total length of the perforated steel ruler 8 is 10m, and the diameter of the circular hole is 3mm. By inserting the ruler hole pin 9 into the round hole, the steel ruler 8 with a hole is fixed to one end of the ruler frame 10 with the ruler clip 7, and the other end of the ruler frame 10 is connected with a three-dimensional compass 6, and the three-dimensional compass 6 is connected with the data processing device. And one end of the display device 20 is connected. The connection structure of the ruler frame, ruler card and ruler hole pin is shown in Figure 3. The overall size of the whole device is 180mm×100mm×35mm, and the weight is about 0.4kg.

The data processing and display device 20 includes a control unit and a display unit. The display unit includes a tension window 5 for displaying the tension degree of the system and a parameter window 4 for displaying measurement parameter values on the surface of the data processing and display device 20 .

Positioning lines 52 are displayed in the tension window, and the positioning lines 52 are several, and arranged symmetrically left and right, and a marking ruler is also provided in the tension window 5, and a marking line 51 is provided on the marking ruler, and the marking ruler is connected with the adjusting nut. The adjustment nut is rotated and adjusted, the marking ruler moves left and right, the position of the marking line 51 changes, and the marking line 51 on the marking ruler can move correspondingly between the positioning lines 52 on both sides. In addition, the following design can also be carried out: the tension window includes a screen, the positioning line 52 is located on the screen of the tension window, and a marking ruler is provided below the screen, so that the marking line 51 is located below the positioning line 52, and a spring is also included. The spring is connected with the marking ruler. Rotate the adjusting nut to change the length of the main machine, and then change the position of the marking line. When the marking line appears at the same position as the positioning line, that is, when the deformation and displacement of the spring are the same, a constant tension can be generated on the steel ruler, thus ensuring the accuracy of measurement. and comparability. The change of host length is measured by the digital display circuit and displayed on the LED screen. When rotating the adjusting nut, pay attention to the maximum range of its rotation, and be careful not to expose its thread.

The test parameter values at least include the values of digital displacement, azimuth and inclination. The data processing and display device also includes a reset unit and a switch unit, the reset unit and the switch unit are respectively connected to the control unit, the surface of the data processing and display device is also provided with a reset button and a switch button, the reset The zero button and the switch button are respectively connected with the reset unit and the switch unit. The reset unit can be realized by using the reset device in the prior art. A front view of the data processing and display device 20 is shown in FIG. 4 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the three-dimensional compass in the present invention, and its measuring principle is as follows:

The anticlockwise rotation angles of the three-dimensional compass relative to the geographic coordinate system (O-XYZ) X, Y, and Z are respectively defined as the roll angle θ and the inclination angle and azimuth α. According to the gravitational acceleration measured by the attitude angular acceleration sensor, the component acceleration g _x and g _y of the compass coordinate system (O-xyz) in the x-axis and y-axis directions can be directly calculated to obtain the inclination angle of the borehole and roll angle θ, the calculation relationship is as follows:

Let the magnetic field vector value measured by the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor correspond to (H _x , H _y , H _z ) in the compass coordinate system (O-xyz), and decompose into the corresponding coordinates in the geographic coordinate system (O-XYZ) is (H _X , H _Y , H _Z ). When the three-dimensional compass occurs during the movement, the roll angle θ and the inclination angle , using the direction cosine method, by multiplying the roll angle θ and the inclination angle The resulting direction cosine matrix can obtain the conversion relationship between the compass coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system as follows:

Put the corresponding coordinates (H _x , H _y , H _z ) of the magnetic field vector value measured by the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor in the compass coordinate system into the above formula to obtain the component H of the magnetic field vector value on the X and Y axes of the geographic coordinate system _X , H _Y :

H _Y ＝H _y cosθ+H _z sinθ

Then at this time, the angle between the X-axis of the geographical coordinate system (the projection of the x-axis of the compass on the horizontal plane) and the magnetic north direction, that is, the magnetic azimuth α' of the three-dimensional compass, can be calculated by the following formula:

α'＝arctan(H _Y /H _X )

Since the magnetic north and south poles are not completely consistent with the geographic north and south poles, there is a certain angle between the magnetic north and the earth's north, called the magnetic declination, denoted as β, and the azimuth α, which is the X axis of the geographic coordinate system (the compass advances The angle between the projection of the direction x-axis on the horizontal plane) and the north direction, so

α=α'+β

The magnetic declination β of each area is a fixed value, which can be imported into the microcontroller in the form of a list, and a specific value is selected according to the GPS information to automatically calculate the azimuth.

The other end of the data processing and display device 20 is connected to one end of the adjustment nut 3, and the other end of the adjustment nut 3 is provided with a hook 2, that is, the data processing and display device 20 is connected to the hook 2 through the adjustment nut 3, and the hook 2 is connected to the second end of the adjustment nut 3. The connecting parts of the two base point fixing parts 12 are connected.

Due to the limited brightness of the underground roadway, in order to increase the illuminance in the roadway with poor light, it is convenient to read the value of the parameter window 4 on the display unit, the tension degree of the tension window 5 and the reading on the steel ruler 8 with holes. The data processing and display device 20 is also provided with a battery and an LED lamp connected to the battery, and the LED lamp is arranged above the display unit. The battery is 1.55V silver oxide button battery SR44W1 section. The reading part in this technical scheme comprises the parameter window 4 and steel ruler with hole that data processing and display device 20 display measurement parameter value, as shown in Figure 6, the gained length is the digital display displacement reading and steel ruler that parameter window 4 shows sum of readings.

Since in specific use, the steel ruler with holes must be placed on the ground or supported, and it must not be allowed to hang freely, so it can be supported by a support frame, and it can also be manually supported by the measurer. Preferably, place it on the ground or use a support frame. There can be one or more supporting frames, and the steel ruler with holes must be kept on a horizontal line. The support frame includes a chassis, a support column and a connection part connected with a steel ruler with holes. The chassis is relatively large and can be stably supported; the connection part matches the steel ruler with holes, that is, the connection part is linear.

The working principle of this device is as follows: in practical application, select a location with better surface lithology in the roadway space to be tested to drill holes, install the base point fixing parts, bury the predetermined surrounding rock, and fix it with quick-setting cement. After the base point fixture is fixed, the test system is installed. First, measure the azimuth along the direction of the roadway through the host part, then connect the steel ruler 8 with holes to the first base point fixture 11 through the hook 2, and connect the host machine to the second base point fixture 12 through the hook. Select a suitable round hole on the steel ruler 8 with holes, insert the ruler hole pin 9 on the ruler frame 10 into the ruler hole, and fasten the ruler frame with the ruler clip 7, so that the steel ruler 8 with holes is connected with the main machine, Make the perforated steel ruler 8 keep flat. Turn on the switch button of the data processing and display device, adjust the adjusting nut 3, and stop the adjustment when the marking line in the tension window is between the positioning lines on the scale. At this time, a constant tension is generated on the steel ruler 8 with holes to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the measurement. Comparability, write down the length of the steel ruler reference line and the digital display displacement, azimuth, and inclination data in the parameter window 4, and the azimuth and inclination angle data are measured by the three-dimensional compass 6; The length L at the hole. In order to improve the accuracy, the position where the marking line appears should be consistent every time, and the measurement should be repeated at least three times and the average value should be taken.

Further, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, when the range of one of the three types of values (digital display displacement, azimuth, inclination) in the three readings exceeds 10%, the test should be retested; during the test, if the digital display reading has been When it exceeds 25mm, close the steel ruler (replacement hole) by 25mm and re-test, and subtract the average value of the two groups of lengths, which is the actual distance between the two ruler holes, so as to eliminate the measurement error caused by the uncertain punching distance of the steel ruler; When there is a large difference between the ambient temperature measured and the first measurement, temperature correction should be carried out according to the relevant correction formula. Specifically, the data processing process is as follows: extract the azimuth, inclination angle, digital display displacement recorded on the display window and the steel ruler reading indicating the length on the steel ruler. Then use the above parameters for data processing. The data processing procedure is described below.

Measurement method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

A. Drill holes in the roadway space to be tested, determine two base points, and install the first base point fixing piece and the second base point fixing piece respectively at the two base points, and preferably select a location with better surface lithology to drill holes. The test can only be started after complete fixation. If the surrounding rock where the base point is installed is broken and soft, the length of the base point fixed section should be appropriately increased.

B. Connect the steel ruler with a hole to the first base point fixing piece through the hook, connect the hook at the other end of the adjusting nut to the second base point fixing piece, select a round hole on the steel ruler and insert it into the hole pin of the ruler, and use the ruler card to hold the The steel ruler with holes is connected with the ruler frame to keep the whole roadway space deformation measurement device in balance, and then the adjusting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass are connected in sequence to set up the whole roadway space deformation measurement device.

C. Turn on the data processing and display device, turn the adjusting nut clockwise until it cannot be turned, and press the reset button to reset all the readings on the screen to zero. In order to ensure the accuracy of zeroing, it can be repeated 2-3 times. Then adjust the adjustment nut and observe carefully so that the marking line is at a specific position. Preferably, the marking line is at the center of the positioning lines on both sides. In addition, other positions are also possible, as long as each subsequent adjustment makes it consistent with the position of this adjustment That's it.

D. Monitor and record the values of digital display displacement, azimuth and inclination angle. If the value of digital display displacement exceeds the length of the measurement range, then enter step E. If not, then directly enter step F. The length of the measurement range has a hole The distance between adjacent circular holes on the steel ruler is selected as 25mm here.

E. Open the ruler card, remove the ruler hole pin, close the steel ruler with holes, select the round hole adjacent to the current round hole, fold up part of the ruler holes of the steel ruler, insert the ruler hole pin, and use the ruler card to connect the steel ruler with holes and the joint ruler. Connect the frame together to keep the whole roadway space deformation measurement device in balance, then connect the adjusting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass in sequence, set up the whole roadway space deformation measurement device, and analyze the data on the data processing and display device After clearing and repeating the zeroing at least twice, proceed to step D to re-measure; the two sets of average values are subtracted, which is the actual distance between the two ruler holes, so as to eliminate the measurement error caused by the inaccurate punching distance of the steel ruler.

F. Record the initial values of the two base points, the initial values include the initial steel ruler reading L ₀ , the initial digital display displacement value D ₀ , the initial azimuth value α ₀ and the initial inclination value And measure the azimuth α of the direction of the roadway. The measurement process is: connect the two hooks to the two base point fixtures respectively, that is, place them on the side walls of the roadway at the two base points, and read the time when they are on the left side wall and the right side wall respectively. For the azimuth reading, the average value of the sum of the readings on the left and right sides is taken as the azimuth α of the direction of the roadway. In order to make the measurement data more accurate, the azimuth readings were repeated 3 times when the left wall and the right wall were close, and the average value of the sum of the readings on the left and right sides of the three times was taken as the azimuth α of the direction of the roadway. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the measurement should be repeated three times to obtain the average value. When the extreme difference of one of the above values exceeds 10%, the test should be retested; specifically, when the difference between any two digital display displacements is greater than 0.05mm, the difference between any two inclination angles is greater than 0.1°, or the difference between any two azimuth angles If the difference is greater than 0.1°, re-measure. In order to facilitate subsequent temperature correction, it is also necessary to measure and record the initial ambient temperature T ₀ .

G. After the roadway space is deformed or after a certain time interval, rotate the adjusting nut so that the marking line is at a specific position in step C, and record the actual values of the two base points repeatedly, as shown in Figure 7, where ab represents the connection line between the initial two base points , a _n b _n represents the line connecting the two base points after the deformation of the nth measurement, the actual value includes the nth steel ruler reading L _n , the nth display reading D _n , the nth azimuth reading α _n and the nth n inclination readings n is the number of measurements, n=1, 2, 3.... In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the measurement should be repeated three times to obtain the average value. When the extreme difference of one of the above values exceeds 10%, the test should be retested; specifically, when the difference between any two digital display displacements is greater than 0.05mm, the difference between any two inclination angles is greater than 0.1°, or the difference between any two azimuth angles If the difference is greater than 0.1°, re-measure.

Use the following formula to calculate the deformation value, where S _x represents the displacement value in the x direction; S _y represents the displacement value in the y direction; S _z represents the displacement value in the z direction; D represents the overall displacement value,

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

In order to improve the accuracy of the results, if the difference between the nth measurement and the initial ambient temperature is large, if the difference between the two is greater than the threshold of 0.2°C, a temperature correction must be performed, and the correction formula is as follows:

L' _n ＝L _n -a(T _n -T ₀ )×L _n

In the formula: L' _n is the length of the steel ruler after temperature correction (mm), a is the linear expansion coefficient of the steel tape ruler, take a=12×10 ^-6 ℃, T _n is the nth measurement environment temperature (℃), T ₀ is the first measurement of ambient temperature (°C). During the specific operation process, the above thresholds are determined according to actual needs.

According to the above method, the deformation value of any two points in the roadway space can be accurately obtained, as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&prime;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

In this way, the deformation values of any two points in the roadway space with high accuracy and small error offset can be obtained.

H. After the test is completed, turn the adjusting nut counterclockwise, disassemble the roadway space deformation measurement device, open the ruler card and gather the steel ruler with holes to prepare for the next use.

After the measuring device has been used for a certain period of time, it needs to be zero-calibrated to check whether the digital display reading is zero. If the value is not zero, it should be calibrated, otherwise it can continue to be used.

Claims (10)

1. lane space deformation measuring device, it is characterized in that, comprise basic point fixture (1), steel ruler with holes (8) and main frame, steel ruler with holes (8) and main frame are detachable structure, described main frame comprises hook (2), setting nut (3), data processing and display device (20), three-dimensional compass (6), chi card (7), chi hole pin (9) and connection chi frame (10), described basic point fixture (1) is for the basic point location in the rock mass of tunnel, basic point fixture (1) is provided with the web member for being connected with hook (2), basic point fixture (1) comprises the first basic point fixture (11) and the second basic point fixture (12), described steel ruler with holes (8) one end is provided with hook (2), by hook (2), the web member of steel ruler with holes (8) with the first basic point fixture (11) is connected, described steel ruler with holes (8) is evenly provided with several circular holes, by chi hole pin (9) is inserted in circular hole, with chi card (7), steel ruler with holes (8) one end with connection chi frame (10) is fixed, the other end of connection chi frame (10) is connected with three-dimensional compass (6), three-dimensional compass (6) is connected with one end of data processing and display device (20), described data processing and display device (20) comprise control module and display unit, display unit comprises the tension force window (5) of display system tension force degree and the parameter window (4) of display measurement parameter value that are positioned at data processing and display device (20) surface, position line is shown in described tension force window, position line is some, tension force window is also provided with sign chi in (5), indicate chi and be provided with marking line, indicate chi to be connected with setting nut, during rotating adjusting nut, the marking line indicated on chi can move accordingly between position line, described test parameter value at least comprises digital display displacement, the value at position angle and inclination angle, the other end of data processing and display device (20) is connected with one end of setting nut (3), the other end of setting nut (3) is provided with hook (2), described hook (2) is connected with the web member of the second basic point fixture (12).

2. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described web member is hook formation metal object, and its surface is coated with antirust coat.

3. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data processing and the LED being also provided with battery and being connected with battery in display device (20), described LED is arranged at above display unit.

4. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data processing and display device also comprise reset unit and switch element, described reset unit and switch element are connected with control module respectively, described data processing and display device surface are also provided with reset button and shift knob, and described reset button is connected with switch element with reset unit respectively with shift knob.

5. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprising the bracing frame for supporting steel ruler with holes (8).

6. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tension force window comprises screen, position line is positioned on the screen of tension force window, be provided with sign chi below screen, also comprise spring, described setting nut is connected with sign chi by spring.

7., based on the measuring method of the lane space deformation measuring device described in 1 to 6 any one claim, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

A. punch in lane space to be measured, determine two basic points, and at two basic point places, the first basic point fixture and the second basic point fixture are installed respectively;

B. steel ruler with holes is connected with the first basic point fixture by hook, the hook of the other end of setting nut is connected with the second basic point fixture, steel ruler is selected a circular hole insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection;

C. turn-on data process and display device, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be positioned at ad-hoc location;

D. the value at monitoring record digital display displacement, position angle and inclination angle, if the value of digital display displacement exceedes the length of tolerance journey, then enters step e, if do not exceed, then directly enters step F, the spacing of adjacent circular holes on the length steel ruler with holes of described tolerance journey;

E. chi card is opened, take off chi hole pin, draw steel ruler with holes in, select the circular hole that current circular hole closes on, insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection, enters step D;

F. record the initial value of two basic points, described initial value comprises initial steel ruler reading L ₀, initial digital display displacement value D ₀, initial orientation angle value α ₀and the value of initial tilt and measure the azimuth angle alpha that direction is moved towards in tunnel, its measuring process is: by two hooks are connected two basic point fixtures respectively, namely the tunnel side wall surface by two basic point places is placed, read directional reading when keeping left side wall surface and right side wall respectively, the mean value of left and right sides reading sum is moved towards the azimuth angle alpha in direction as tunnel;

G., after lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L _n, n-th digital display reading D _n, n-th directional reading α _nand n-th tilt readings n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, utilizes following formulae discovery deformation values, wherein, and S _xrepresent x direction shift value; S _yrepresent y direction shift value; S _zrepresent z direction shift value, D represents global displacement value,

$D=\sqrt{{S_x}^2+{S_y}^2+{S_z}^2};$

H. test is completed, dismounting lane space deformation measuring device.

8. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the ad-hoc location in step C is the center that marking line is positioned at both sides position line.

9. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step F comprises to be measured and records original ambient temperature T ₀, after step G is specially lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L _n, n-th digital display reading D _n, n-th directional reading α _nand n-th tilt readings and measure the environment temperature T of n-th time _n, n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, and utilizes following correction formula to carry out temperature adjustmemt,

L′ _n＝L _n-a(T _n-T ₀)×L _n

L ' _nfor steel ruler length after temperature adjustmemt, a is steel band tape linear expansion coefficient, gets a=12 × 10 ^-6dEG C;

Utilize the deformation values after temperature adjustmemt in following formulae discovery lane space, wherein, S _x' representation temperature revised x direction shift value; S _y' representation temperature revised y direction shift value; S _x' representation temperature revised z direction shift value, the revised global displacement value of D ' representation temperature is as follows:

$D^{\&prime;}=\sqrt{{S_x}^{\&prime;2}+{S_y}^{\&prime;2}+{S_z}^{\&prime;2}}.$

10. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the intermediate step of step D and E

D1. the data in data processing and display device are reset.