CN105052702A - High-efficiency high-yield seedling cultivating method for organic muskmelon - Google Patents
High-efficiency high-yield seedling cultivating method for organic muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 244000064895 Cucumis melo subsp melo Species 0.000 title claims description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 15
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency high-yield seedling cultivating method for an organic muskmelon. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a seedbed in a greenhouse, wherein the seedbed is paved by a thin film, an electric heating wire and an aperture disk in sequence from the bottom up; fumigating the inner side of the greenhouse with smoke generated by combustion of the sulphur powders on the third day before sowing; on the first day before sowing, mixing the material obtained by mixing turfs, rice chaff ashes, perlite, diammonium phosphate and rotten organic fertilizers with a mixed solution obtained through mixing of carbendazim and water, and carrying out draining to obtain a matrix; exposing seeds under the sun and then, placing the exposed seeds into the water, after keeping the temperature, reducing the temperature and soaking the seeds continuously; next, taking the seeds out and draining the seeds, placing and soaking the seeds into a disinfectant, carrying out cleaning, and carrying out germination accelerating to obtain processed seeds; placing the matrix into apertures in the aperture disk, sowing a budded processed seed in each aperture, covering the seeds with matrix, spraying water to irrigate the matrix in the apertures fully, and next, covering the aperture disk with a mulching film; and removing the mulching film after the seedlings come up, and then, carrying out temperature management, water management and pest control, and hardening seedlings to obtain muskmelon seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soilless-cultivated seedling technical field, particularly relate to a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon.
Background technology
Muskmelon contains abundant moisture, multiple-microorganism and mineral matter, the nutrition abundant with it and being loved by the people, nursery is the stage important in its process of growth, the quality of nursery has established the basis in muskmelon vegetative period, determines in the whole process of growth of muskmelon the absorption of nutrient and the output of utilization and muskmelon.Therefore, the agribusiness of planting family particularly establishing in large scale often adopts the mode nursery without soil.But current soilless-cultivated seedling method is comparatively extensive; The dark seedling of muskmelon shoot root is strong, raising muskmelon output has decisive role to impelling for further investigation muskmelon soilless-cultivated seedling method.
Summary of the invention
Based on the technical problem that background technology exists, the present invention proposes a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon, the dark seedling of muskmelon shoot root that the present invention cultivates is strengthened, and late growing stage is good and fruiting rate is high.
The efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 2-3m, and the length in seedbed is 35-40m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, film sets up electric heating wire; 80-100 hole dish is positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 7-10kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 3-5kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 30-35h and ventilate;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 5-8:3-5:2-3 and obtains material A; By weight 20-23 part material A, 6-8 part urea, 2-3 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8-12 part decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.02-0.05 part carbendazim, 14-17 part water are mixed and obtains mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, and then drain and obtain seedling medium, the water content of seedling medium is 55-60wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 2-3d in the sunlight; Then put into 50-55 DEG C of water, after insulation 20-23min, be cooled to 22-25 DEG C, continue to soak 2-3h; Then pulled out by muskmelon seed after immersion and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 30-35min, cleaning, vernalization obtains processing rear muskmelon seed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 2-3cm, to place after a process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally after muskmelon seed in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening.
Preferably, in S1, the length of booth is 40-45m, and the width of booth is 10-12m, and the height of booth is 3-3.5m.
Preferably, in S1, the power of electric heating wire is 150-180w/m
2.
Preferably, in S3, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 40-50wt% by mass fraction dilute the solution that doubly obtains of 700-1000 and mass fraction be 20-23wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 6-9:1-3 be mixed.
Preferably, in S3, vernalization detailed process is: drain pulling out after cleaning, is laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raises temperature in booth to 30-33 DEG C, and the muskmelon seed be incubated to 90-95% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Preferably, in S3, in pregermination procedure, every 10-15h 30-33 DEG C of water rinses seed once.
Preferably, in S4, seed bud point will be showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally during sowing down.
Preferably, in S5, run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then cover Greenhouse in time, prevent seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease.
Preferably, in S5, temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 35-40 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16-19 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 25-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16-18 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 7-10d before field planting, daytime 22-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 13-15 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 18-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 8-10 DEG C.
Preferably, in S5, the detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 3-4d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium.
Preferably, in the water management process of S5, water spray water temperature is 13-16 DEG C.
Preferably, in the water management process of S5, in booth, air humidity controls as 50-55RH%.
Preferably, in S5, the detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 8-10d sprays the solution once doubly obtained by Pu Like dilution 700-800, sprays 3-5 time continuously.
Preferably, the detailed process of hardening is: 8-12d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 3-4d; 3-4d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 2-4d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
The present invention adopts soilless-cultivated seedling to emerge the dark muskmelon seedling of strong root by quickly breeding, haves laid a good foundation for plantation family obtains Melon fruits high yield; In seedling raising process, the electric heating wire that seedbed is set up effectively can control canopy temperature, thus ensures the demand to temperature in nursery overall process; Be spread on sawdust heap with Cosan go up and light stifling, effectively can kill bacterium and damage by disease and insect in booth, kill the bacterium on the dish of cave simultaneously, prevent the contaminated nursery failure caused of matrix; With the matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses of special ratios, rice chaff ash, perlite preparation, there is loose porous, to be easy to hold moisture and fertilizer feature, be easy to seedlings root growth; Diammonium phosphate, decomposed manure material contain sufficient a large amount of, trace element and organic, can be distributed in matrix equably, thus provide sufficient nutrient for the growth of seedling; And use the carbendazim solution of certain concentration, the bacterium in matrix and microorganism can be killed, prevent matrix corrupt; In seed treatment processes, with solar exposure and next with the thimerosal sterilization that certain concentration carbendazim and trisodium phosphate solution are prepared, can kill the bacterium that seed adheres to, activated seed, makes seed be more prone to sprout in pregermination procedure simultaneously; In seeding process, with plastic mulching cave dish, the temperature that cave is coiled can be kept, thus impel seed to break ground germination; And the four-stage of seedling raising process adopts different temperature to control to prevent seedling to move length, promote seedling flower bud differentiation; Particularly hardening process can, greatly to promote seed sprouting, impel seedlings root to grow, and strengthens the ability that seedling conforms, and lays the first stone for improving output; And moisture control can ensure the water demand in growth of seedling process; The extermination of disease and insect pest effectively can kill the various damage by disease and insect in seedling raising process, improves the yield rate of muskmelon seedling.
Embodiment
Below, by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 3m, and the length in seedbed is 35m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, it is 150w/m that film sets up power
2electric heating wire; 100 hole dishes are positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 7kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 5kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 30h and ventilate; Wherein, the length of booth is 45m, and width is 10m, is highly 3.5m;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 8:3:3 and obtains material A; By weight 20 parts of material A, 8 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 12 parts of decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.02 part of carbendazim, 17 parts of water are mixed and obtain mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, then drains and obtains the seedling medium that water content is 55wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 3d in the sunlight; Then put into 50 DEG C of water, after insulation 23min, be cooled to 22 DEG C, continue to soak 3h; Then muskmelon seed after immersion is pulled out and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 30min, cleaning, pull out and drain, be laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raise the temperature to 30 DEG C in booth, every 10h with 33 DEG C of water flushing seeds once, be incubated to 95% muskmelon seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and obtain processing rear muskmelon seed;
Wherein, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 50wt% by mass fraction dilute 700 times of solution obtained and mass fraction be 23wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 6:3 be mixed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 2cm, muskmelon seed after the placement process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally down of bud point in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening; As run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then covering Greenhouse in time, preventing seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease;
Temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 40 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 10d before field planting, and daytime 22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 18 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 10 DEG C;
The detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 3d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium; Preferably, water temperature of spraying water is 16 DEG C; Preferably, in booth, air humidity controls as 50RH%;
The detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 10d sprays and once dilutes 700 times of solution obtained by Pu Like, sprays 5 times continuously;
The detailed process of hardening is: 8d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 4d; 3d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 4d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
Embodiment 2
The efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 2m, and the length in seedbed is 40m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, it is 180w/m that film sets up power
2electric heating wire; 80 hole dishes are positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 10kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 3kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 35h and ventilate; Wherein, the length of booth is 40m, and width is 12m, is highly 3m;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 5:5:2 and obtains material A; By weight 23 parts of material A, 6 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 8 parts of decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.05 part of carbendazim, 14 parts of water are mixed and obtain mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, then drains and obtains the seedling medium that water content is 60wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 2d in the sunlight; Then put into 55 DEG C of water, after insulation 20min, be cooled to 25 DEG C, continue to soak 2h; Then muskmelon seed after immersion is pulled out and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 35min, cleaning, pull out and drain, be laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raise the temperature to 33 DEG C in booth, every 15h with 30 DEG C of water flushing seeds once, be incubated to 90% muskmelon seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and obtain processing rear muskmelon seed;
Wherein, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 40wt% by mass fraction dilute 1000 times of solution obtained and mass fraction be 20wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 9:1 be mixed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 3cm, muskmelon seed after the placement process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally down of bud point in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening; As run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then covering Greenhouse in time, preventing seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease;
Temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 19 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 7d before field planting, and daytime 25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 13 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 8 DEG C;
The detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 4d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium; Preferably, water temperature of spraying water is 13 DEG C; Preferably, in booth, air humidity controls as 55RH%;
The detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 8d sprays and once dilutes 800 times of solution obtained by Pu Like, sprays 3 times continuously;
The detailed process of hardening is: 12d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 3d; 4d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 2d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
Embodiment 3
The efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 2.5m, and the length in seedbed is 36m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, it is 160w/m that film sets up power
2electric heating wire; 90 hole dishes are positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 8kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 4kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 32h and ventilate; Wherein, the length of booth is 44m, and width is 10.5m, is highly 3.4m;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 7:3.5:2.5 and obtains material A; By weight 21 parts of material A, 7 parts of urea, 2.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 10 parts of decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.03 part of carbendazim, 16 parts of water are mixed and obtain mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, then drains and obtains the seedling medium that water content is 56wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 3d in the sunlight; Then put into 52 DEG C of water, after insulation 22min, be cooled to 23 DEG C, continue to soak 2.8h; Then muskmelon seed after immersion is pulled out and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 32min, cleaning, pull out and drain, be laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raise the temperature to 31 DEG C in booth, every 12h with 32 DEG C of water flushing seeds once, be incubated to 93% muskmelon seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and obtain processing rear muskmelon seed;
Wherein, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 50wt% by mass fraction dilute 800 times of solution obtained and mass fraction be 22wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 7:2 be mixed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 2cm, muskmelon seed after the placement process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally down of bud point in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening; As run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then covering Greenhouse in time, preventing seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease;
Temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 38 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 17 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 27 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 9d before field planting, and daytime 23 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 14 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 18 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 10 DEG C;
The detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 3d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium; Preferably, water temperature of spraying water is 15 DEG C; Preferably, in booth, air humidity controls as 53RH%;
The detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 9d sprays and once dilutes 700 times of solution obtained by Pu Like, sprays 4 times continuously;
The detailed process of hardening is: 9d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 4d; 3d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 4d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
Embodiment 4
The efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 2.2m, and the length in seedbed is-38m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, it is 170w/m that film sets up power
2electric heating wire; 80 hole dishes are positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 9kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 3.5kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 33h and ventilate; Wherein, the length of booth is 41m, and width is 11m, is highly 3.2m;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 6:4:2.2 and obtains material A; By weight 22 parts of material A, 6.5 parts of urea, 2.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 9 parts of decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.04 part of carbendazim, 15 parts of water are mixed and obtain mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, then drains and obtains the seedling medium that water content is 58wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 2.5d in the sunlight; Then put into 54 DEG C of water, after insulation 21min, be cooled to 24 DEG C, continue to soak 2.5h; Then muskmelon seed after immersion is pulled out and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 33min, cleaning, pull out and drain, be laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raise the temperature to 32 DEG C in booth, every 13h with 31 DEG C of water flushing seeds once, be incubated to 92% muskmelon seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and obtain processing rear muskmelon seed;
Wherein, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 40wt% by mass fraction dilute 900 times of solution obtained and mass fraction be 21wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 8:1.5 be mixed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 3cm, muskmelon seed after the placement process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally down of bud point in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening; As run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then covering Greenhouse in time, preventing seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease;
Temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 17 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 8d before field planting, and daytime 24 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 13 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 19 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 9 DEG C;
The detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 4d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium; Preferably, water temperature of spraying water is 14 DEG C; Preferably, in booth, air humidity controls as 54RH%;
The detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 8d sprays and once dilutes 750 times of solution obtained by Pu Like, sprays 3 times continuously;
The detailed process of hardening is: 10d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 3.5d; 3.5d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 2d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method for organic muskmelon, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, set up seedbed: in booth, arrange seedbed, the width in seedbed is 2-3m, and the length in seedbed is 35-40m; Upper berth, seedbed waterproofing membrane, film sets up electric heating wire; 80-100 hole dish is positioned on electric heating wire; Sow first three sky and place 7-10kg sawdust heap respectively at booth two end entrance, 3-5kg Cosan is covered equably on sawdust heap, after lighting, close booth entrance, open booth entrance after 30-35h and ventilate;
S2, seedling medium: peat, bacterium mushroom slag, perlite are mixed by weight 5-8:3-5:2-3 and obtains material A; By weight 20-23 part material A, 6-8 part urea, 2-3 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8-12 part decomposed manure material are mixed and obtain material B; 0.02-0.05 part carbendazim, 14-17 part water are mixed and obtains mixed solution; Mixed solution spreads fertilizer over the fields on material B the previous day by sowing, and then drain and obtain seedling medium, the water content of seedling medium is 55-60wt%;
S3, muskmelon seed treatment: muskmelon seed is put and tans by the sun 2-3d in the sunlight; Then put into 50-55 DEG C of water, after insulation 20-23min, be cooled to 22-25 DEG C, continue to soak 2-3h; Then pulled out by muskmelon seed after immersion and drain, be placed in thimerosal and soak 30-35min, cleaning, vernalization obtains processing rear muskmelon seed;
S4, sowing: each cavities seedling medium being put into cave dish, then in the seedling medium of each cavities, obtain by pressing the nursery hole that the degree of depth is 2-3cm, to place after a process showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally after muskmelon seed in each nursery hole, the nursery hole of the rear muskmelon seed of process is had in covering with seedling medium, spray water irrigates seedling medium in cavities, then with plastic mulching cave dish;
S5, nursery: after the sprouting of muskmelon seedling is unearthed, removes mulch film, then carries out temperature treatment, water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, then obtain muskmelon seedling through hardening.
2. the efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic muskmelon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in S1, the length of booth is 40-45m, and the width of booth is 10-12m, and the height of booth is 3-3.5m.
3. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in S1, the power of electric heating wire is 150-180w/m
2.
4. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, in S3, thimerosal be the carbendazol wettable powder being 40-50wt% by mass fraction dilute the solution that doubly obtains of 700-1000 and mass fraction be 20-23wt% trisodium phosphate solution by volume 6-9:1-3 be mixed.
5. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, in S3, vernalization detailed process is: drain pulling out after cleaning, be laid on the clean table top set up in booth, raise temperature in booth to 30-33 DEG C, the muskmelon seed be incubated to 90-95% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
6. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, in S3, in pregermination procedure, every 10-15h 30-33 DEG C of water rinses seed once.
7. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, in S4, will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally seed bud point down during sowing.
8. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, in S5, run into strong wind, cooling, rainy weather, then cover Greenhouse in time, prevent seedling from enduring cold or introduced disease.
9. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, in S5, temperature treatment detailed process is: be seeded into and emerge, and day temperature is 35-40 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16-19 DEG C; Emerge to rough leaf and occur, day temperature is 25-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16-18 DEG C; Rough leaf occurs to 7-10d before field planting, daytime 22-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 13-15 DEG C; During hardening, daytime 18-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 8-10 DEG C;
Preferably, in S5, the detailed process of water management is: adopt sprinkling irrigation to water, and the every 3-4d water spray of fine day is once to irrigating seedling medium; Preferably, water temperature of spraying water is 13-16 DEG C; Preferably, in booth, air humidity controls as 50-55RH%;
Preferably, in S5, the detailed process of the extermination of disease and insect pest is: between nursery stage, and every 8-10d sprays the solution once doubly obtained by Pu Like dilution 700-800, sprays 3-5 time continuously.
10. a kind of efficient high finished product rate seedling-cultivating method of organic muskmelon according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, the detailed process of hardening is: 8-12d before field planting, opens booth one side outlet; Opposite side outlet is opened after 3-4d; 3-4d recession is except half Greenhouse, and 2-4d recession obtains muskmelon seedling except remaining Greenhouse.
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| CN113455266A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-01 | 枣阳市香木瓜技术开发服务中心 | Seedling raising method for extra-large apple type fragrant papaya |
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Application publication date: 20151118 |