CN105048899B - A kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
A kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, the electric current of the terminal voltage control input winding of winding when to control circuit be zero by supply voltage and electric current：A) rotor fixed position is made；B) make from the time delay of one zero crossing of supply voltage the 1st and the 1st current impulse reverse with location current is input into winding；If c) terminal voltage absolute value is first rear in the range of regulation bound increasing, the current impulse in the same direction with the 1st current impulse is set to be input into winding when its polarity is identical with supply voltage；Otherwise, when the time difference of the absolute value more than regulation and the 1st zero crossing and the zero crossing of supply voltage the 3rd of terminal voltage characteristic value is less than regulation, the 2nd current impulse for reversely and with the zero crossing of supply voltage the 3rd having time delay with the 1st current impulse is made to be input into winding；Otherwise, a)~c is repeated), and if the absolute value increases by the 1st time delay more than regulation and its 1st zero crossing of zero crossing leading current voltage regulation 3；If conversely, if shorten the 1st time delay.The design is from using single rotor-position detecting element.
Description
Technical field
It is single-phase from the present invention relates to a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, more particularly to Electronic Control directional-rotation
Dynamic permasyn morot, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to H02P6/18.
Background technology
Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor sees the authorized first Shen of the applicant
Please CN201110100111.6.The motor needs to set single rotor-position detecting element than product progress before.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor is proposed, can be set
Put single rotor-position detecting element and still have preferably performance, thus reduces cost.
The 1st technical scheme that the present invention solves technical problem is a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, including：
--- the stator and p-m rotor of same number of poles；The width of air gap sets in each pole lower edge between the stator and rotor
Fixed circumferencial direction is narrowed, thus in a free state, each pole axis line of rotor with the axis of the pole of hithermost stator one as reference,
A sharp angle is deflected along the circumferencial direction of setting；
--- switch；The winding of the stator has regulation around to being access to AC power through the switch；
--- control circuit；Including detection circuit and by the electric circuit inspection to signal drive the switch described to control
AC power is input into the plug-in of the electric current of the winding；The detection includes detecting the feature of the AC supply voltage；
It is characterized in that：
--- the terminal voltage of the winding when detection also includes that the detection electric current and the electric current are zero；
--- the plug-in also comprises the steps：
A) rotor is made to be in assigned position；Rotor is at the position, and rotor permanent magnet field axis is super along the circumferencial direction
Sharp angle described in magnetic field axis when front stator winding is passed through certain directional current；
B) switch is driven, the 1st current impulse is input into the winding；The current impulse is from the AC supply voltage
1st regulation time delay of one zero crossing starts, and its direction is opposite with the sense of current described in step a)；
Once c) the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to zero, the terminal voltage and AC supply voltage are checked immediately, if meeting
Situations below：
--- the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to the initial moment after zero, and the terminal voltage absolute value is more than regulation lower limit
With less than set upper limit；
--- the terminal voltage absolute value is increasing；
--- the terminal voltage polarity is identical with the polarity of the AC supply voltage；
Connect the switch immediately, make with terminal voltage polarity identical current impulse (I1 ') be input into the winding around
Group, until synchronous operation；Otherwise, the time of described the 1st zero crossing of terminal voltage and the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd is checked
Difference；After the characteristic value of the terminal voltage and the 1st zero crossing of terminal voltage with the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage one
The time difference of the 3rd zero crossing；When the absolute value of the terminal voltage characteristic value is more than the setting and absolute value of the time difference is small
When specified time period, the switch is driven, the 2nd current impulse (I2) is input into the winding；The current impulse (I2) with it is described
1st current impulse (I1) it is in opposite direction, and relative to the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage the 3rd have the 2nd regulation time delay
(t2)；Subsequently into synchronous operation；And
D) when the absolute value of this feature value is more than setting and the time less than the absolute value of setting or this feature value
Poor absolute value be more than specified time period when, since step a) repeat said process, and if this feature value absolute value more than rule
Definite value and the advanced zero crossing of the AC supply voltage the 3rd of its 1st zero crossing, then increase continuing for the 1st regulation time delay
Time；If the absolute value of this feature value is more than setting and its 1st zero crossing less than the absolute value of setting or this feature value
The backwardness zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd, then shorten the duration of the 1st regulation time delay.
The technical scheme is dexterously utilized：
--- starting process of motor there may be the period that winding current is zero；
--- when the electric current of winding is zero, the terminal voltage of winding corresponds to position and the rotating speed of p-m rotor.
Therefore, it is possible to the terminal voltage of winding controls motor, especially start-up course when surveyed winding current is zero.Experiment
Show, when the load of motor is moderate, the terminal voltage of the winding readily satisfies rated condition, motor can be made according to most
Appropriate acceleration pulls in operation quickly；In the case of other loads, in addition to the characteristic value of the voltage is detected, increase
Check that the 1st zero crossing of the terminal voltage is controlled with the time difference of the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd as condition, can be wide
Scope ground adapt to from zero load to more heavy duty startup situation, more reasonably by motor from static startup, accelerations and lead into together
Step operation, so that single rotor-position detecting element can be set and still have preferably performance, therefore structure simplifies and drops
Low cost.
The further design of the program is：
It is zero when the duration for shortening the 1st regulation time delay in institute step d), the absolute value of still described time difference
The 1st zero crossing more than specified time period and the terminal voltage falls behind the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd or its feature
The absolute value of value is less than setting, then after the step a) since said process is repeated step a) every time and step
B) before, be first input into n current impulse, the n current impulse successively from before the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage one the
2nd, 4,6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossings start, and its direction is opposite with the sense of current described in step a)；On n, for first
There is the absolute value that the time was zero still described time difference to fall more than the 1st zero crossing of specified time period and the terminal voltage
The absolute value of the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage the 3rd or its characteristic value is less than the situation of setting, n=1 afterwards；If going out again
The now situation, n=2；And so on make n by natural number increase.
Its advantage is：Further increase and start the adapted to loading range of control, be remarkably improved detent torque,
It is particularly advantageous in rotary inertia and the heavier situation of the larger even load of the resistance of start.
Further design one of be：
The terminal voltage characteristic value is that the electric current of the AC power input winding reverts to the winding after zero
1st value of terminal voltage or the 1st extreme value.The former has most fast response, and the latter's detection is more stable.
Further the two of design are：
The synchronous operation is to drive the switch according to the frequency of the AC power, by the AC supply voltage with
Specified waveform puts on the winding；Or when the absolute value of the terminal voltage is in increase and polarity and the AC supply voltage
Polarity it is identical when, the switch is driven immediately, the AC supply voltage is put on into the winding.The former control ratio is simpler
It is single；The latter can relatively accurately make the active force between stator and rotor magnetic flux identical with direction of rotation, thus have effect higher
Rate.
Further the three of design are：
The p-m rotor magnetizes for sine wave, is conducive to more accurately detecting the extreme point and zero passage of the terminal voltage
Point.
Further the four of design are：
Rotor is in assigned position in the step a) includes following process：
A1 the switch) is driven, since the regulation time delay of the AC supply voltage zero crossing, is made and institute in step a)
State at least 2 current impulses of sense of current identical and be input into the winding；During these current impulses revert to zero, check described
Terminal voltage；
A2) if:
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is specifying upper and lower
In the range of limit, the process terminates；
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is more than in regulation
Limit, it is described regulation time delay increase, since step a1) repeat said process；
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is less than under regulation
Limit, it is described regulation time delay reduce, since step a1) repeat said process.
Experiment shows, according to above-mentioned control, can reach rotor before starting and compares positioning rapidly and reliably.
Technical scheme and effect will be further described with reference to accompanying drawing in a specific embodiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit schematic diagram；
Signal waveforms when Fig. 3 is moderate embodiment of the present invention motor load；
Signal waveforms when Fig. 4 is medium embodiment of the present invention motor load；
Signal waveforms when Fig. 5 is heavier embodiment of the present invention motor load.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention motor is described in the authorized earlier application CN201110100111.6 of the applicant
Improved on the basis of embodiment and formed.
Embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure is as shown in figure 1, it inherits Fig. 1 institutes in CN201110100111.6
Show that structure includes：
--- stator 1, mainly it is made up of U-iron core 11 and winding 12；The top of iron core 11 is configured to surround the left and right of rotor 2
Two poles --- left pole 111 and right pole 112；Winding 12 by penetrate the yoke portion left arm of iron core 11, each 1 coil serial or parallel connection of right arm and
Into；
--- rotor 2 is p-m rotor, and it is the pole of N, S bis- that radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes, and inserts the He of left pole 111 of iron core 11
Between right pole 112, and it is supported in bearing rotary.
--- motor setting (being then clockwise along the observation of motor reel rightabout) rotation, Zuo Ji counterclockwise as shown
The width of the air gap between 111 and rotor 2 is stepped from top to bottom to be narrowed, between right pole 112 and rotor 2 width of air gap from lower and
It is above stepped to narrow, therefore in the case where free state is illustrated, the axis 21 of the pole magnetic flux of rotor 2 two is with the horizontal axis of the pole of stator two
113 is reference, and about 10 ° are deflected in the counterclockwise direction.
Main variation compared to structure shown in CN201110100111.6 Fig. 1 is：Hall element 3 shown in figure is cancelled.
Embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit is as shown in Fig. 2 the main printing by being fixed on motor non-shaft stretching end
Circuit board group is into circuit shown in Fig. 2 includes during it inherits CN201110100111.6：
--- bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is connected with winding 12 and is followed by toward ac power supply terminal 5；
--- single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if output pulse is double triggering
Turned on to IGCT 4, AC power half-wave voltage now is to start to put on input winding 12 up to the half-wave zero passage terminates,
The pulse current input winding 12 of (synchronous and delayed) corresponding to the voltage.
--- the shaping circuit being made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V dc sources VDD, its input is access to exchange
Power supply terminal 5, output B is 0 when bearing half-wave for 1 in the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5, and output B is become by 1
It is changed into 1 moment i.e. AC supply voltage zero crossing for 0 or from 0.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6.
Main variation compared to circuit shown in CN201110100111.6 figures includes：
--- the circuit that former Hall element 3 and its output are access to single-chip microcomputer input is cancelled；
--- the former one end for directly connecing publicly of winding 12 is changed to be connect publicly through resistance 13, the resistance be detect by around
The sample resistance of the electric current of group 12；Winding 12 is access to the input circuit of single-chip microcomputer with the converted circuit 621 of tie point of resistance 13
62, for checking voltage drop of the electric current for passing through winding 12 in resistance 13；
--- the tie point of the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 and winding 12 with publicly between bridge resistance 10,19 and connect
Bleeder circuit, resistance 10,19 is connected in series the input circuit 68 that a little converted circuit 681 is access to single-chip microcomputer；It is anti-to be input into
Reflect the terminal voltage when electric current of winding 12 is zero.
Above-mentioned change-over circuit 621,681 may be designed as transformer isolation clamp circuit：
——1：The tested alternating voltage of 1 primary connection, secondary superposition one is higher than tested alternating voltage peak
Constant DC voltage, so that tested alternating voltage is converted to waveform shown in 31 in similar CN201110100111.6 Fig. 3 or Fig. 4
Unipolarity fluctuation voltage be input into single-chip microcomputer input circuit, in single-chip microcomputer through A/D conversion i.e. can obtain test cross stream voltage
Instantaneous value.
Certainly, also can select the chip containing above-mentioned functions and single-chip microcomputer and replace single-chip microcomputer 6 and change-over circuit 621,681.
The plug-in of single-chip microcomputer 6 checks the level of input circuit 61,62 and 68 essentially according to setting procedure, through measurement, ratio
Compared with, differentiate, by output circuit 63 export triggering IGCT 4 pulse.
Basic settings in plug-in：
--- once the level of input circuit 62 reverts to the DC voltage of the clamper, assert the electric current of input winding 12
It is zero, the level of input circuit 68 is used for determining the terminal voltage of winding 12；
--- the assigned position for defining rotor is：With appropriate numerical value and with AC power positive half-wave polarity shown in 51 in Fig. 3
Identical constant DC voltage is continuously applied and is powered off in after a period of time of winding 12, the position that p-m rotor is stopped.Now, forever
Magnetic field axis along shown in Fig. 1 set the advanced said stator winding 12 of steering counterclockwise the sharp angle of magnetic field axis one.
Execution step in plug-in：
A) rotor is made to be in the process of assigned position：
A1) in continuously at least 2 input circuits 61 when 0 is changed into 1, the output of output circuit 63 pulse after time delay t0
Triggering IGCT 4 makes pulse current I0 be input into winding 12；Once it is input into the electric current of winding 12 by the level identification of input circuit 62
It is zero, checks the level of input circuit 68 to determine the terminal voltage of winding 12；
A2) if:
--- in the range of regulation upper and lower limit, the process terminates the voltage-duration；
--- the voltage-duration is more than set upper limit, increases t0, since step a1) repeat the process；
--- the voltage-duration reduces t0, since step a1 less than regulation lower limit) repeat the process.
Once b) input circuit 61 from 1 is changed into 0, from the zero crossing, (each zero crossing is named as AC power electricity successively thereafter
Press the 1st, 2,3 ... zero crossings) the output pulse-triggered of output circuit 63 IGCT 4 after time delay t1, make pulse current I1 be input into around
Group 12.
Once being c) zero according to the electric current of the level identification input winding 12 of input circuit 62, input circuit 68 is checked immediately
Level with when determining that the electric current of winding 12 is zero terminal voltage v (refer to v1~v6, v1 ' in Fig. 3,4,5~v6 ' and v1 "~
V3 "), including the 1st value 90, the 1st extreme value 91 and its 1st zero crossing and the mistake of AC supply voltage the 3rd detected to it
The time difference 92 of zero point：
--- when the 1st absolute value of value 90 more than regulation lower limit and less than set upper limit and after the terminal voltage absolute value
Continue to increase and occur in this process the terminal voltage polarity it is identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage when, output circuit 63
Output pulse-triggered IGCT 4, makes pulse current I12 be input into winding 12；Subsequently into synchronous operation.Obviously, the control method
Motor can be made most rapidly to pull in operation, especially should apply to the moderate situation of load, thus should be by medium loads
(rated value of product standard) is determined by experiment the regulation upper limit value and lower limit value.Otherwise,
--- when the absolute value of extreme value 91 is less than setting more than setting and the absolute value of time difference 92, from AC power
After the zero crossing trigger t2 of voltage regulation 3, the output pulse-triggered of output circuit 63 IGCT 4 makes pulse current I2 be input into winding
12；Subsequently into synchronous operation；And
D) when the absolute value of extreme value 91 is more than setting less than setting or more than the absolute value of setting and time difference 92,
Above-mentioned all processes are repeated since step a), and if the time difference 92 absolute value more than setting and the 1st mistake of terminal voltage v
The advanced zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd of zero point, then increase tl；If the absolute value of time difference 92 is less than setting or more than regulation
1st zero crossing of value and terminal voltage v falls behind the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd, then reduce tl；When tl is reduced to zero, still
1st zero crossing of the absolute value of time difference 92 more than setting and terminal voltage v fall behind the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd or
Its 1st absolute value of extreme value 91 be less than setting, then every time it is described repeat said process in step a) after and step
B) before, allowing output circuit 63 to export pulse-triggered IGCT 4 makes n current impulse In input winding 12, the n current impulse
Successively since the 2nd, 4,6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossings before the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage one, and its direction with
The sense of current is opposite described in step a).On n, the absolute value for occurring the reduction still time differences 92 of tl to zero first is more than
1st zero crossing of setting and terminal voltage v falls behind the absolute of the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd or its 1st extreme value 91
Value is less than the situation of setting, n=1；If occurring the situation, n=2 again；If the 3rd time there is the situation, n=3；If the 4th
There is the situation, n=4；And so on.
Motor enters synchronous operation, and the essentially identical synchronizing current It of continuous input waveform is had 2 kinds by input winding 12
Mode：
--- first, output circuit 63 is persistently exported since the pulse-triggered IGCT zero crossing by ac power frequency
4 constant conductions, winding 12 is put on by AC supply voltage with than more complete sinusoidal waveform；During light load, it is also possible to
Suitable time-delay exports pulse-triggered IGCT 4 again after each zero crossing, and AC supply voltage is applied with defect sinusoidal waveform
In winding 12, so as to reduce voltage to reduce input power.
--- second, when the level to input circuit 68 assert the absolute value of terminal voltage v in increase and by input circuit 61
Level assert AC supply voltage it is identical with the polarity of terminal voltage v when, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered IGCT immediately
4, AC supply voltage is put on into winding 12.AC supply voltage is referred to the comparative approach of the polarity of terminal voltage v
CN201110100111.6 patent specifications【0063】~【0068】Section (replaces former Hall output level) with terminal voltage v.The party
Formula can reach the Synchronization Control more stable to different loads and avoid step-out, but supply voltage utilization rate decreases.
The waveform of each signal is as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5：51 is the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5, and 52 is shaping electricity
Road export B waveform, 53,53 ', 53 " be the waveform for putting on the electric current of winding 12,54,54 ', 54 " for the electric current of winding 12 be zero when
Terminal voltage v waveform, 55,55 ', 55 " be that to compare AC supply voltage similar with obtained by the polarity of terminal voltage v
Export the waveform of L (when L is 1, the output of output circuit 63 pulse-triggered IGCT 4) described in CN201110100111.6,56,56 ',
56 " waveform of the voltage pulse exported to the trigger electrode of IGCT 4 for the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6.
Signal waveforms when Fig. 3 is moderate embodiment of the present invention motor load, there is following situation：
--- first, output circuit 63 exports arteries and veins after input circuit 61 continuous 2 is changed into 1 moment equal time delay t0 from 0
Punching triggers IGCT 4 (see in Fig. 3 56), makes the 2 pulse current I0 of positive polarity (see in Fig. 3 53) input windings 12.2 arteries and veins
Rush electric current and revert to the terminal voltage measured after zero and see 54 in Fig. 3：V1 sections is that the 1st pulse current reverts to the electricity of the end after zero
Pressure, voltage is higher and the duration is more than set upper limit；V2 sections is that the 2nd pulse current reverts to the terminal voltage after zero, is compared
The small and duration in the range of regulation upper and lower limit, shows that rotor is in assigned position, can then start operating；
--- in subsequent input circuit 61 from after the 1 moment time delay t1 for being changed into 0,56 institutes in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 3
Show the 3rd square wave triggering IGCT 4, negative pulse electric current I1 (see in Fig. 3 53) is input into winding 12.V3 sections is that I1 is reverted to
The terminal voltage of winding 12 after zero, through judging in the range of regulation upper and lower limit, value starts negative sense rising to its 1st value 90 since then, and
Until input circuit 61 is continued for rising again from the boundary point 91 at 1 moment for being changed into 0, plug-in is because of 3 conditions the (the 1st
More than regulation lower limit and less than set upper limit and afterwards, the terminal voltage absolute value is continuing to increase and at this absolute value of individual value 90
During occur the terminal voltage polarity it is identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage) be satisfied, even if being exported with output circuit 63
The 4th square wave triggering IGCT 4 shown in 56, makes negative pulse electric current I12 (see in Fig. 3 53) be input into winding 12, hereafter in Fig. 3
Motor is pulled into synchronous operation：First in the output of time delay t2 output circuits 63 Fig. 3 after the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd
The 5th square wave triggering IGCT 4, makes positive pulse electric current I2 (see in Fig. 3 53) be input into winding 12 shown in 56, and V4 sections is I2 extensive
Be again the terminal voltage of winding 12 after zero, V5, V6 section is terminal voltage that synchronizing current It reverts to winding 12 after zero, it is seen that V4, V5,
Polarity is identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage and absolute value is increasing after V6 sections of equal zero passage；In single-chip microcomputer 6, by plug-in
V4, v5, the v6 section terminal voltage are compared with the waveform (see in Fig. 3 52) of AC supply voltage shaping circuit output B, once the two
Meet same OR gate logic, output L is 1, output circuit 63 exports pulse (see in Fig. 3 55) triggering IGCT 4, alternating current hereafter
Source half-wave voltage puts on winding 12, and corresponding synchronizing current It is input into winding 12.
Signal waveforms when Fig. 4 is lighter embodiment of the present invention motor load, there is following situation：
--- compared with Fig. 3 situations, be still first output circuit 63 input circuit 61 continuous 2 from 0 be changed into 1 when
Pulse (see in Fig. 4 56 ') triggering IGCT 4 is exported after carving equal time delay t0, makes 2 pulse current I0 of positive polarity (see in Fig. 4
53 ') it is input into winding 12.2 pulse currents revert to the terminal voltage measured after zero to be seen 54 ' in Fig. 3：V1 ' sections are the 1st arteries and veins
Rush electric current and revert to the terminal voltage after zero, voltage is higher and the duration is more than set upper limit；V2 ' sections are the 2nd pulse currents
The terminal voltage after zero is reverted to, the smaller and duration in the range of regulation upper and lower limit, shows that rotor is in assigned position,
Operating can then be started；
--- in subsequent input circuit 61 from after the 1 moment time delay t1 for being changed into 0,56 ' institutes in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 4
Show the 3rd square wave triggering IGCT 4, negative pulse electric current I1 (see in Fig. 4 53 ') is input into winding 12.V3 ' sections are that I1 recovers
It is the terminal voltage of winding 12 after zero, its first negative sense since the 1st value 90 rises to extreme point 91 (compared to Fig. 3, the institute of extreme point 91
In the zero crossing of moment advanced AC supply voltage the 2nd) and then decline (thus do not meet 3 the 2nd of condition the described in Fig. 3 situations
), rise in positive after (time interval 92) zero passage before the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd, until AC supply voltage the 3rd
Time delay t2 after zero crossing, the 4th square wave triggering IGCT 4, makes positive pulse shown in 56 ' in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 4
Electric current I2 (see in Fig. 4 53 ') is input into winding 12.54 ', v4 ' sections are the terminal voltages that I2 reverts to winding 12 after zero in such as Fig. 3,
V5 ', v6 ' sections are the terminal voltages that synchronizing current It reverts to winding 12 after zero, it is seen that after v4 ', v5 ', the equal zero passage of v6 ' sections polarity with
The polarity of AC supply voltage is identical and absolute value is increasing；In single-chip microcomputer 6, by plug-in by the v4 ', v5 ', v6 ' sections
Terminal voltage compares with the waveform (see in Fig. 4 52 ') of AC supply voltage shaping circuit output B, once the two meets same OR gate patrol
Volume, output L is 1, and output circuit 63 exports pulse (see in Fig. 4 55 ') triggering IGCT 4, AC power half-wave voltage hereafter
Winding 12 is put on, corresponding synchronizing current It is input into winding 12.
Signal waveforms when Fig. 5 is heavier embodiment of the present invention motor load, there is following situation：
--- the execution step in plug-in is carried out by the situation of light load first, above-mentioned when heavier loads
Process as shown in Figure 4, even if occurring tl after pulse current I1 reverts to zero is reduced to zero, the absolute value of still time difference 92 is big
Fall behind the exhausted of the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd or its 1st extreme value 91 in the 1st zero crossing of setting and terminal voltage v
Setting, thus restarting are less than to value：In input circuit 61 continuous 3 when 0 is changed into 1, output circuit 63 is exported
Pulse-triggered IGCT 4, makes the complete positive polarity half-wave of AC supply voltage 3 put on winding 12, thus is input into 3 toward winding 12
Individual complete positive polarity half-wave current, after last 1 electric current (not shown) reverts to zero, checks the terminal voltage of winding 12
The duration of v1 " in prescribed limit, shows that rotor is in assigned position.Subsequent input circuit 61 from 1 be changed into 0 when
The 1st square wave triggering IGCT 4, makes the complete negative polarity of AC supply voltage 1 shown in quarter, 56 in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 5 "
Half-wave puts on winding 12, thus is input into 1 complete negative polarity half-wave current In (see in Fig. 5 53 ") toward winding 12, and the electric current is extensive
It is again after zero, to check the terminal voltage v2 of winding 12 "；In back to back input circuit 61 when 1 is changed into 0, time delay t1 '
Afterwards, 56 in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 5 " shown in the 2nd square wave triggering IGCT 4, apply AC supply voltage 1 to winding 12
Defect bears half-wave, thus toward the input negative pulse electric current of winding 12 I1 ' (see in Fig. 5 53 "), after the electric current reverts to zero, inspection
The terminal voltage v3 ' of winding 12 is found, it rises to extreme point 91 ' from the 1st negative sense of value 90 ', then declines, in input circuit 61
It is positive after (time interval 92 ') zero passage before being changed into 1 moment (the 3rd zero crossing) from 0 to rise, and become by 0 in input circuit 61
Be time delay t2 ' after 1 moment, 56 in the output of output circuit 63 Fig. 5 " shown in the 3rd square wave triggering IGCT 4, to winding 12
Apply 1 defect positive half-wave of AC supply voltage, thus make positive pulse electric current I2 ' (see in Fig. 5 toward the input of winding 12
53”).When subsequently inputting, circuit 61 is all to be changed into 0 and when 0 is changed into 1 from 1, the output pulse immediately of output circuit 63 (see
56 in Fig. 5 ") triggering IGCT 4, AC supply voltage is continuously applied in winding 12 with than more complete sinusoidal waveform, accordingly
Ground is input into than more complete sine-wave synchronous electric current It ' (see in Fig. 5 53 ") toward winding 12.
If as shown in figure 5, checking the terminal voltage v3 of winding 12 " absolute value of still time difference 92 ' more than setting and
The absolute value of the 1st zero crossing backwardness zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd of terminal voltage v3 " or its 1st extreme value 91 " is less than
Setting, i.e. explanation load is quite weighed, and needs restarting, and the input after the completion of the step of making rotor be in assigned position
61 continuous 2, circuit is changed into for 0 moment from 1, and the output pulse-triggered of output circuit 63 IGCT 4 makes AC supply voltage 2 complete
Whole negative polarity half-wave puts on winding 12, thus is input into 2 complete negative polarity half-wave currents toward winding 12, then back to back
After the 3rd of input circuit 61 is changed into 0 moment time delay from 1, output circuit 63 export the 3rd pulse-triggered IGCT 4, to around
Group 12 applies the negative half-wave of 1 defect of AC supply voltage, thus is input into negative pulse electric current toward winding 12, and the electric current is reverted to
After zero, the terminal voltage of winding 12 is checked, continue subsequent process.
Using the 1st extreme value 91 ' or 91 of terminal voltage v in the control of above-mentioned Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 " it is controlled as characteristic value.
The extreme value had both included the extreme value of stationary point form, also including the numerical value of place period end points.Can also use can to terminal voltage v energy
By the 1st value 90 ' or 90 for measuring " it is controlled as characteristic value, can have and more timely respond, but due to terminal voltage v
The 1st value absolute value of the absolute value generally than its 1st extreme value it is small, therefore need to accordingly subtract for contrasting the setting for judging
It is few.Additionally, characteristic value can also be the value of the terminal voltage v of other regulation characteristic times (such as zero crossing of AC supply voltage one).
The present embodiment motor is also referred to as U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (reference can be made to Harbin in 2005
Polytechnical university pays quick thesis for the doctorate《The mechanism and specificity analysis of U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor》), this is two poles
Motor, its control mechanism is also applied for the motor of 4 poles or more number of poles.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, including：
--- the stator and the rotor of permanent magnetism of same number of poles；The width of air gap sets in each pole lower edge between the stator and rotor
Circumferencial direction narrow, thus in a free state, each pole axis line of rotor with the axis of the pole of hithermost stator one as reference, edge
The circumferencial direction of setting deflects a sharp angle；
--- switch；The winding of the stator has regulation around to being access to AC power through the switch；
--- control circuit；Including detection circuit with by the electric circuit inspection to signal drive the switch controlling described exchange
The plug-in of the electric current of winding described in power input；The detection includes detecting the feature of the AC supply voltage；
It is characterized in that：
--- the terminal voltage of the winding when detection also includes that the detection electric current and the electric current are zero；
--- the plug-in also comprises the steps：
A) rotor is made to be in assigned position；Rotor is at the position, and rotor permanent magnet field axis is fixed in advance along the circumferencial direction
Sharp angle described in magnetic field axis when sub- winding is passed through certain directional current；
B) switch is driven, the 1st current impulse (I1) is input into the winding；The current impulse (I1) is from the AC power
1st regulation time delay (tl) of the zero crossing of voltage one starts, and its direction is opposite with the sense of current described in step a)；
Once c) the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to zero, the terminal voltage and AC supply voltage are checked immediately, if meet simultaneously
Three kinds of situations below：
--- the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to the initial moment after zero, and the terminal voltage absolute value is more than regulation lower limit and small
In set upper limit；
--- the terminal voltage absolute value is increasing；
--- the terminal voltage polarity is identical with the polarity of the AC supply voltage；
The switch is connected immediately, makes to be input into the winding winding with terminal voltage polarity identical current impulse (I1 '), directly
To synchronous operation；Otherwise, the time difference of described the 1st zero crossing of terminal voltage and the zero crossing of AC supply voltage the 3rd is checked；Work as institute
When stating the absolute value of terminal voltage characteristic value and being less than specified time period more than setting and the absolute value of the time difference, drive described in open
Close, the 2nd current impulse (I2) is input into the winding；The direction phase of the current impulse (I2) and the 1st current impulse (I1)
Instead, and relative to the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage the 3rd there is the 2nd regulation time delay (t2)；Subsequently into synchronous operation；And
D) when the absolute value of the absolute value less than setting or this feature value of this feature value is more than setting and the time difference
When absolute value is more than specified time period, repeated since step a) it is above-mentioned a)~c) process, and if the absolute value of this feature value be more than
Setting and its 1st zero crossing the 3rd zero crossing of the advanced AC supply voltage, then increase the 1st regulation time delay
(tl) duration；If the absolute value of this feature value less than setting or this feature value absolute value more than setting and its
1 zero crossing falls behind described the 3rd zero crossing of AC supply voltage, then shorten the duration of the 1st regulation time delay (tl).
2. according to motor described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step d), time delay is specified when shortening the described 1st
(tl) duration is zero, and the absolute value of still described time difference is more than specified time period and the 1st zero passage of the terminal voltage
Point falls behind the 3rd zero crossing of AC supply voltage or the absolute value of its characteristic value is less than setting, then described every time
The step a) in said process is repeated afterwards and before step b), n current impulse (In), this n electricity are input into the winding
Pulse is flowed successively since the 2nd, 4,6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossings before the zero crossing of the AC supply voltage one, and its
Direction is opposite with the sense of current described in step a)；It it was zero still described time difference for occurring the time first on n
Absolute value more than the 1st zero crossing of specified time period and the terminal voltage fall behind described the 3rd zero crossing of AC supply voltage or
The absolute value of person its characteristic value less than setting situation, n=1；If occurring the situation, n=2 again；And so on make n by from
So number increases.
3. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The terminal voltage characteristic value is that the AC power is defeated
The electric current for entering the winding reverts to the 1st value or the 1st extreme value of the terminal voltage of the winding after zero.
4. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The synchronous operation is according to the AC power
Frequency drives the switch, and the AC supply voltage is put on into the winding with specified waveform；Or when the terminal voltage
Absolute value in increase and polarity identical with the polarity of the AC supply voltage, the switch is driven immediately, by the friendship
Stream supply voltage puts on the winding.
5. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that rotor is wrapped in assigned position in the step a)
Include following process：
A1 the switch) is driven, since the regulation time delay (t0) of the AC supply voltage zero crossing, is made and institute in step a)
State at least 2 current impulses (I0) of sense of current identical and be input into the winding；During these current impulses (I0) revert to zero,
Check the terminal voltage；
A2) if:
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse (I0) reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is specifying upper and lower
In the range of limit, the process terminates；
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse (I0) reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is more than in regulation
Limit, it is described regulation time delay (t0) increase, since step a1) repeat said process；
If --- after the most end 1 in the current impulse (I0) reverts to zero, the terminal voltage duration is less than under regulation
Limit, it is described regulation time delay (t0) reduce, since step a1) repeat said process.
6. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The rotor magnetizes for sine wave.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376848A2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-02 | FAGOR, S.Coop | Electronic device for controlling a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet rotor |
| JP2011217502A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Motor drive device |
| CN102771045A (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2012-11-07 | 西门子公司 | Device and associated method for operating a synchronous machine |
| CN202602581U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 西北工业大学 | Large-inertia load permanent magnet synchronous motor driving outage-restarting control device |
| CN103051269B (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Synchronous machine controller |
-
2015
- 2015-07-15 CN CN201510413981.7A patent/CN105048899B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376848A2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-02 | FAGOR, S.Coop | Electronic device for controlling a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet rotor |
| CN102771045A (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2012-11-07 | 西门子公司 | Device and associated method for operating a synchronous machine |
| JP2011217502A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Motor drive device |
| CN103051269B (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Synchronous machine controller |
| CN202602581U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 西北工业大学 | Large-inertia load permanent magnet synchronous motor driving outage-restarting control device |
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