CN105039839A - Manufacturing method for nodular cast iron used for crankshaft - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for nodular cast iron used for crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN105039839A CN105039839A CN201510514048.9A CN201510514048A CN105039839A CN 105039839 A CN105039839 A CN 105039839A CN 201510514048 A CN201510514048 A CN 201510514048A CN 105039839 A CN105039839 A CN 105039839A
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- iron
- cast iron
- spheroidal graphite
- graphite cast
- bent axle
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000723 Meehanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method for nodular cast iron used for a crankshaft. Waste steel, pig iron, coke, melted-down waste iron, tin slag and iron-ore slag are selected as raw materials. The manufacturing method includes the five steps of raw material melting, spheroidizing, primary inoculation, secondary inoculation and pouring. Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method has the beneficial effects that the silicon content is reduced, the recovery rate can be increased, and the production cost can be reduced; as Sb elements and Re elements are additionally arranged in the nodular cast iron, the abrasion resistance, the corrosion resistance and the tensile strength of the nodular cast iron are improved on the original basis; timely slag raking is carried out after spheroidizing to remove impurities in molten iron, slag raking is carried out again after two times of inoculation are carried out under the corresponding conditions, impurities are reduced, the quality of materials is improved accordingly, and the tenacity of the nodular cast iron is guaranteed; and the content of Nb elements and the content of Mo elements are increased, and as the thermal expansion coefficient of the Nb elements and the thermal expansion coefficient of the Mo elements are small, the heat resistance and the abrasion resistance of the nodular cast iron are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of spheroidal graphite cast iron, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast iron obtains globular graphite by nodularization and inoculation, effectively improves the mechanical property of cast iron, in particular improve plasticity and toughness, thus obtain the intensity also higher than carbon steel.Spheroidal graphite cast iron is a kind of meehanite cast iron material grown up from 20th century the fifties, and its over-all properties, close to steel, just based on the performance of its excellence, has been successfully used to cast some stressed complexity, and intensity, toughness, wear resistance require higher part.Spheroidal graphite cast iron developed rapidly for be only second to graphitic cast iron, application cast iron materials very widely.So-called " with iron for steel ", mainly refers to spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Power source crankshaft bears continually varying to bend, reverse and the part of shear-type load, and within its work-ing life, circulate 1,000,000,000 times, most of gasoline automobile all loads onto spherulitic iron crankshaft to replace forged steel crankshaft in the world now, but its wear resistance and thermotolerance limitation limit the raising of bent axle performance, therefore need the wear resistance, thermotolerance etc. improving spheroidal graphite cast iron to improve bent axle performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for existing problem, provide a kind of preparation method of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of preparation method of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle, each component content of the described spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle is respectively: C:3.726-4.518%, Si:2.320-2.680%, Mn:0.028-0.035%, P:0.080-0.126%, S:0.014-0.037%, Cu:0.008-0.012%, Cr:0-0.150%, Mo:0.310-0.452%, Ni:0-0.016%, Nb:0.056-0.082%, Ti:0.028-0.040%, Mg:0.018-0.032%, Ce:0.040-0.060%, Ta:0.086-0.102%, V:0-0.002%, Fe:91.656-93.286%.
Preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material melting, select low-sulfur, low manganese, low silicon, low-phosphorous steel scrap, low-sulfur, the low-phosphorous pig iron, the coke of low-sulfur, melt down scrap iron, tin slag, Iron-ore Slag is raw material, and above-mentioned raw materials is shaping with the packing of the weight ratio of 1:5.8:0.8:1.5:0.6:0.3, and pass through circuit blows, after joined raw material all melts, composition detection is carried out in sampling, adds corresponding raw material and composition adjustment is become above-mentioned requirements;
(2) spheroidizing, rises to 1450-1550 DEG C at molten iron temperature, molten iron is added nodularization bag, adds in nodularization bag side the nodulizing agent that quality is the 1.4-1.8% of molten steel quality, processes after 15 minutes, adds skim agent and carries out taking off Slag treatment;
(3) first time inoculation, after taking off Slag treatment, temperature is remained on 1400-1450 DEG C, add the first nucleating agent and add in nodularization bag, add-on is the 0.8-1.2% of molten steel quality, is sprinkled into the carburelant of 0.08-0.12% simultaneously, process 40-60 second;
(4) second time inoculation, heating makes molten iron temperature rise to 1500-1580 DEG C, and in molten iron, add the second nucleating agent, add-on is the 0.3-0.5% of molten steel quality, and the incubation time is 20-40 second, adds rapidly skim agent after completion of the reaction and skims;
(5) cast, direct pouring after skimming, pouring time is 8-10 minute, namely obtains product after completing.
As further improvement of these options, the mass percent of described nodulizing agent composition is: Si:42-47%, Sb:0.5-0.8%, Ti:0.3-0.6%, Mg:6-8%, Al:0.2-0.3%, Re:0.6-0.8%, Ca:2-4%, surplus be iron and inevitably trace element.
As further improvement of these options, the mass percent of the composition of described skim agent is: Si:65-72%, Al:8-10%, Ca:0.6-0.8%, K:2.4-4%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
As further improvement of these options, the addition of described skim agent in step (2) is: 0.08-0.13%, and the addition in step (2) is: 0.05-0.07%.
As further improvement of these options, the mass percent of the composition of described first nucleating agent is: Si:45-52%, Ba:2-3.5%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element; The mass percent of the composition that the second nucleating agent is is: Si:55-65%, Ba:3.8-4.5%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
A kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle, described each component content for the spheroidal graphite cast iron of bent axle is respectively by weight: C:3.726-4.518%, Si:2.320-2.680%, Mn:0.028-0.035%, P:0.080-0.126%, S:0.014-0.037%, Cu:0.008-0.012%, Cr:0-0.150%, Mo:0.310-0.452%, Ni:0-0.016%, Nb:0.056-0.082%, Ti:0.028-0.040%, Mg:0.018-0.032%, Ce:0.040-0.060%, Ta:0.086-0.102%, V:0-0.002%, Fe:91.656-93.286%.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: reduce silicone content, the rate of recovery can be improved, reduce production cost, Sb, Re element is added in spheroidal graphite cast iron, add its wear resistance, erosion resistance and tensile strength on the original basis, skim in time after spheroidizing, remove the impurity in molten iron, again skim after inoculation under corresponding conditions for twice, reduce impurity thus the quality of lifting material, ensure that spheroidal graphite cast iron toughness, increase Nb and Mo constituent content, because its thermal expansivity is little, add thermotolerance and the wear resistance of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, a kind of each component content of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle is respectively: C:4.256%, Si:2.680%, Mn:0.035%, P:0.1%, S:0.036%, Cu:0.008%, Cr:0.015%, Mo:0.385%, Ni:0.012%, Nb:0.056%, Ti:0.03%, Mg:0.02%, Ce:0.05%, Ta:0.092%, V:0.001%, surplus is iron.
Preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material melting, select low-sulfur, low manganese, low silicon, low-phosphorous steel scrap, low-sulfur, the low-phosphorous pig iron, the coke of low-sulfur, melt down scrap iron, tin slag, Iron-ore Slag is raw material, and above-mentioned raw materials is shaping with the packing of the weight ratio of 1:5.8:0.8:1.5:0.6:0.3, and pass through circuit blows, after joined raw material all melts, composition detection is carried out in sampling, adds corresponding raw material and composition adjustment is become above-mentioned requirements;
(2) spheroidizing, rises to 1450-1550 DEG C at molten iron temperature, molten iron is added nodularization bag, adds in nodularization bag side the nodulizing agent that quality is the 1.4-1.8% of molten steel quality, processes after 15 minutes, adds skim agent and carries out taking off Slag treatment;
(3) first time inoculation, after taking off Slag treatment, temperature is remained on 1400-1450 DEG C, add the first nucleating agent and add in nodularization bag, add-on is the 0.8-1.2% of molten steel quality, is sprinkled into the carburelant of 0.08-0.12% simultaneously, process 40-60 second;
(4) second time inoculation, heating makes molten iron temperature rise to 1500-1580 DEG C, and in molten iron, add the second nucleating agent, add-on is the 0.3-0.5% of molten steel quality, and the incubation time is 20-40 second, adds rapidly skim agent after completion of the reaction and skims;
(5) cast, direct pouring after skimming, pouring time is 8-10 minute, namely obtains product after completing.
Wherein, the mass percent of described nodulizing agent composition is: Si:45%, Sb:0.6%, Ti:0.45%, Mg:7%, Al:0.2%, Re:0.8%, Ca:2%, surplus be iron and inevitably trace element.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described skim agent is: Si:68%, Al:8%, Ca:0.7%, K:3.2%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Wherein, the addition of described skim agent in step (2) is: 0.08%, and the addition in step (2) is: 0.05%.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described first nucleating agent is: Si:48%, Ba:2.8%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element; The mass percent of the composition that the second nucleating agent is is: Si:57%, Ba:3.8%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, a kind of each component content of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle is respectively: C:3.726%, Si:2.68%, Mn:0.035%, P:0.118%, S:0.026%, Cu:0.008%, Mo:0.36%, Ni:0.008%, Nb:0.08%, Ti:0.04%, Mg:0.018%, Ce:0.06%, Ta:0.094%, V:0.002%, surplus is iron.
Preparation method is concrete identical with embodiment 1.
Wherein, the mass percent of described nodulizing agent composition is: Si:43%, Sb:0.75%, Ti:0.5%, Mg:6%, Al:0.2%, Re:0.72%, Ca:4%, surplus be iron and inevitably trace element.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described skim agent is: Si:66%, Al:10%, Ca:0.6%, K:3.2%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Wherein, the addition of described skim agent in step (2) is: 0.09%, and the addition in step (2) is: 0.07%.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described first nucleating agent is: Si:50%, Ba:2.6%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element; The mass percent of the composition that the second nucleating agent is is: Si:60%, Ba:4.2%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, a kind of each component content of the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle is respectively: C:4.236%, Si:2.58%, Mn:0.031%, P:0.125%, S:0.035%, Cu:0.008%, Cr:0.15%, Mo:0.44%, Nb:0.075%, Ti:0.034%, Mg:0.028%, Ce:0.0.046%, Ta:0.096%, V:0.001%, surplus is iron.
Preparation method is concrete identical with embodiment 1.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described skim agent is: Si:68%, Al:10%, Ca:0.72%, K:2.4%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Wherein, the addition of described skim agent in step (2) is: 0.12%, and the addition in step (2) is: 0.05%.
Wherein, the mass percent of the composition of described first nucleating agent is: Si:52%, Ba:2.6%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element; The mass percent of the composition that the second nucleating agent is is: Si:62%, Ba:3.8%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
Embodiment 4
In the present invention, spheroidal graphite cast iron is used in bent axle, spheroidal graphite cast iron conventional in bent axle on market is the trade mark produced by Shanghai Ting Xi Industrial Co., Ltd. is the spheroidal graphite cast iron of QT700-2, with it as a control group, obtaining spheroidal graphite cast iron according to above-mentioned multiple embodiment is experimental group, the ingot bar getting formed objects is tested as experimental subjects, the equal conformance with standard of indices, and unit elongation, shock resistance value is significantly improved, and concrete numerical value is as following table:
Project | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Unit elongation (%) | -40 DEG C of impact values (J) | Brinell hardness | Oxygen potential (%) |
Embodiment 1 | 775 | 457 | 2 | 14.5 | 316 | 95 |
Embodiment 2 | 773 | 463 | 2 | 15.2 | 307 | 96 |
Embodiment 3 | 776 | 468 | 2 | 14.8 | 302 | 95 |
Reference examples | 720 | 425 | 2 | 11.8 | 245 | 91 |
Table 1
From table 1, data can draw, spheroidal graphite cast iron obtained in the present invention is best in quality, tensile strength and yield strength, impact value is all better than the bent axle spheroidal graphite cast iron commonly used, unit elongation reaches same standard, Brinell hardness is significantly improved, and Oxygen potential is apparently higher than the Oxygen potential average 91% of conventional bent axle spheroidal graphite cast iron, and spheroidal graphite cast iron obtained in the present invention may be used for requiring in higher bent axle material.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method for the spheroidal graphite cast iron of bent axle, it is characterized in that, described each component content for the spheroidal graphite cast iron of bent axle is respectively by weight: C:3.726-4.518%, Si:2.320-2.680%, Mn:0.028-0.035%, P:0.080-0.126%, S:0.014-0.037%, Cu:0.008-0.012%, Cr:0-0.150%, Mo:0.310-0.452%, Ni:0-0.016%, Nb:0.056-0.082%, Ti:0.028-0.040%, Mg:0.018-0.032%, Ce:0.040-0.060%, Ta:0.086-0.102%, V:0-0.002%, Fe:91.656-93.286%,
Preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material melting, select low-sulfur, low manganese, low silicon, low-phosphorous steel scrap, low-sulfur, the low-phosphorous pig iron, the coke of low-sulfur, melt down scrap iron, tin slag, Iron-ore Slag is raw material, and above-mentioned raw materials is shaping with the packing of the weight ratio of 1:5.8:0.8:1.5:0.6:0.3, and pass through circuit blows, after joined raw material all melts, composition detection is carried out in sampling, adds corresponding raw material and composition adjustment is become above-mentioned requirements;
(2) spheroidizing, rises to 1420-1450 DEG C at molten iron temperature, molten iron is added nodularization bag, adds in nodularization bag side the nodulizing agent that quality is the 1.4-1.8% of molten steel quality, processes after 15 minutes, adds skim agent and carries out taking off Slag treatment;
(3) first time inoculation, after taking off Slag treatment, temperature is remained on 1450-1500 DEG C, add the first nucleating agent and add in nodularization bag, add-on is the 0.8-1.2% of molten steel quality, is sprinkled into the carburelant of 0.08-0.12% simultaneously, process 40-60 second;
(4) second time inoculation, heating makes molten iron temperature rise to 1500-1580 DEG C, and in molten iron, add the second nucleating agent, add-on is the 0.3-0.5% of molten steel quality, and the incubation time is 20-40 second, adds rapidly skim agent after completion of the reaction and skims;
(5) cast, direct pouring after skimming, pouring time is 8-10 minute, namely obtains product after completing.
2. the preparation method of a kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of described nodulizing agent composition is: Si:42-47%, Sb:0.5-0.8%, Ti:0.3-0.6%, Mg:6-8%, Al:0.2-0.3%, Re:0.6-0.8%, Ca:2-4%, surplus be iron and inevitably trace element.
3. the preparation method of a kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of the composition of described skim agent is: Si:65-72%, Al:8-10%, Ca:0.6-0.8%, K:2.4-4%, surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
4. the preparation method of a kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the addition of described skim agent in step (2) is: 0.08-0.13%, and the addition in step (2) is: 0.05-0.07%.
5. the preparation method of a kind of spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of the composition of described first nucleating agent is: Si:45-52%, Ba:2-3.5%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element; The mass percent of the composition that the second nucleating agent is is: Si:55-65%, Ba:3.8-4.5%, and surplus is iron and inevitable trace element.
6. the spheroidal graphite cast iron for bent axle, it is characterized in that, described each component content for the spheroidal graphite cast iron of bent axle is respectively by weight: C:3.726-4.518%, Si:2.320-2.680%, Mn:0.028-0.035%, P:0.080-0.126%, S:0.014-0.037%, Cu:0.008-0.012%, Cr:0-0.150%, Mo:0.310-0.452%, Ni:0-0.016%, Nb:0.056-0.082%, Ti:0.028-0.040%, Mg:0.018-0.032%, Ce:0.040-0.060%, Ta:0.086-0.102%, V:0-0.002%, Fe:91.656-93.286%.
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CN115125433A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏天奇重工股份有限公司 | High-toughness ferritic nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof |
CN116162847A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-05-26 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Crankshaft for compressor, preparation method of crankshaft, compressor and refrigeration equipment |
CN116397157A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-07 | 盐城市震业机械有限公司 | Spheroidal graphite cast iron product and preparation method thereof |
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CN112111688A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-22 | 河南广瑞汽车部件股份有限公司 | Nodular cast iron capable of effectively reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity tendency and production method thereof |
CN112111688B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 河南广瑞汽车部件股份有限公司 | Nodular cast iron capable of effectively reducing shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity tendency and production method thereof |
CN113106326A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 宁波明凌科技有限公司 | Nodular cast iron for nail-free graphite of wind power equipment and preparation method thereof |
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