CN105027799A - Rhizomatic crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rhizome crop harvester, which comprises a frame, a blade positioned at the front end of the frame, and a vibrating screen positioned at the middle and rear of the frame. Vertical rotating rollers are respectively arranged on both sides of the front end of the frame. There is a gap between the frame and the frame; there is at least a pair of ring-shaped female and female seals in the rotating roller, which are located in the gap between the bearing seat and the shaft of the bearing seat. The seat shaft is set in the center hole of the mother and son seal; the shape of the blade is trapezoidal, the blade and the back of the blade are the two bottoms of the trapezoid, and the back of the blade is longer than the blade; the outer drive wheel of the vibrating screen is fixed on the side of the frame through the flange On the plate, the frame side plate is provided with a sliding groove structure for fixing the flange, including a transmission shaft position adjustment groove and a bolt position adjustment groove. This harvester is suitable for a variety of soil types. The separation effect of crops and soil is good, the harvest rate is higher than 99%, and the damage rate is lower than 1%. After landing, the crops are concentrated, easy to harvest, no grass blocking, and long service life.

Description

Harvester for rhizome crops

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular relates to a rhizome crop harvester.

Background technique

Rhizome crops include potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, garlic, carrots, etc., which account for a large proportion of all crops in my country. In particular, potatoes. Since January 2015, the country has begun to promote the strategy of turning potatoes into a staple food, becoming the fourth largest staple food crop after rice, wheat, and corn. The planting area of potatoes will gradually expand to 150 million mu. It is estimated that by 2020 , More than 50% of potatoes in my country will be consumed as staple food. Traditional agriculture mainly relies on manual digging to harvest root crops, which is labor-intensive for farmers and low in harvesting efficiency. In recent years, harvesting machinery has been gradually promoted in large-scale planting areas, but most of these harvesting machinery have the following problems: (1) Poor soil adaptability, different regions, weather conditions and different types of crops lead to vastly different soil characteristics, and existing machinery cannot fully adapt These different soil environments lead to inability to work normally in some cases; (2) the separation effect of soil and crops is not good; (3) the harvest rate is limited and the damage rate is high; (4) the harvested crops are easy to disperse, which is Collection increases the difficulty.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a new type of rhizome crop harvester to solve the problems of poor soil adaptability, poor separation effect of crops and soil, low harvest rate, high damage rate and scattered harvested crops of existing harvesting machinery. question.

A rhizome crop harvester, comprising a frame, a blade positioned at the front end of the frame, and a vibrating screen positioned at the middle and rear of the frame, vertical rotating rollers are respectively arranged on both sides of the front end of the frame, and the rotating rollers and the frame There is a gap between them; there is at least a pair of ring-shaped female and female seals in the rotating roller, which are located in the gap between the bearing seat and the bearing seat shaft. In the central hole of the mother and son seal; the shape of the blade is trapezoidal, the blade and the back of the blade are the two bottom edges of the trapezoid, and the back of the blade is longer than the blade; the outer drive wheel of the vibrating screen is fixed on the side plate of the frame through the flange, A sliding groove structure for fixing the flange is arranged on the side plate of the frame, and the sliding groove structure includes a transmission shaft position adjustment groove and a bolt position adjustment groove.

Compared with the design of the rectangular blade in the prior art, the above-mentioned trapezoidal blade can reduce the forward resistance on the one hand, and on the other hand, the crop seedlings and weeds can slide to the two sides of the harvester along the hypotenuse of the blade, and can be used with the rotating roller , It can be harvested with seedlings to prevent the seedlings and weeds from being entangled on the harvester and affecting the use, so it can be used with confidence in places with many weeds.

The transmission shaft of the outer transmission wheel passes through the central hole of the flange and can rotate in the central hole; at the same time, the transmission shaft passes through the transmission shaft position adjustment slot, and the transmission shaft can slide back and forth along the slot. The flange is fixed to the side plate by bolts passing through bolt position adjustment slots, and the bolts can slide back and forth along the slots. After the harvester has been used for a certain period of time, the ring drive chain will loosen. At this time, by loosening the bolts, the drive shaft can be adjusted along the drive shaft position adjustment groove to the position where the ring drive chain is in a tensioned state again, and the drive shaft drives the flange Movement, after adjusting to a suitable position, re-fix the position of the flange and the transmission shaft through the bolts of the flange.

A rear ridge roller is arranged under the rear portion of the frame, and the rear ridge roller is hingedly connected to the frame. The position of the rear ridge roller relative to the ground is adjusted through the hinge connecting the frame and the rear ridge roller. When harvesting root crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, garlic, and carrots, the front end of the harvester harvests the crops onto the machine, and sieves the crops to the rear of the harvester through a vibrating screen. Because there are ridges between each plot, there are ridges on both sides of the ridges, and the ridges are concave downwards, so the harvested crops will roll into the ridges, and the wheels of the harvester just move back and forth along the ridges, so the harvester The wheels of the machine will crush the crops in the furrow, causing some crops to be crushed. By setting the rear ridge roller, the crops falling from the vibrating screen are flattened and rolled into the furrow. The front and rear high and low positions of the rear ridge roller are adjustable, so it can be adjusted according to the type and quantity of the actual harvested crops.

A three-roller vibrating device is arranged between the endless transmission chains of the vibrating screen. The vibration of the vibrating screen is realized through the rotation of the three-roller vibrating device. The vibrating devices in the prior art are all two-rollers, and the vibration amplitude is large, which will cause vibration damage to the crops. However, the vibration amplitude of the vibrating screen can be reduced by using the three-roller vibrating device.

A motor is arranged above the front part of the frame to control the rotation of the turning roller, the rotation and vibration of the vibrating screen.

The transmission mechanism of the turning roller is set as follows: the output shaft of the motor is connected with the power shaft through the chain, and the power shaft drives the turning roller to rotate.

The transmission mechanism of the vibrating screen is set as follows: the output shaft of the motor is connected with the outer drive wheel of the vibrating screen through a chain. The inner transmission wheel is located between the side plate and the rotating wheel, and the inner transmission wheel is connected with the three-roller vibrating device. On the one hand, the outer driving wheel drives the rotating wheel of the vibrating screen to rotate to make the vibrating screen rotate; on the other hand, it drives the inner driving wheel to rotate to drive the three-roller vibrating device to rotate to vibrate the vibrating screen.

At least one vertical convex rib is set on the rotating roller, and the rotating roller plays the role of sweeping away the seedlings and weeds of crops during operation, and the convex ribs can increase the winding strength and improve the removal rate of seedlings and weeds .

The mother-child seal is composed of a ring-shaped sub-part and a ring-shaped parent part. A flange is provided on the inner side of the sub-part, and a flange is provided on the outer side of the parent part. When the sub-part and the parent part are matched, the two flanges The directions are facing each other, and they are combined to form a ring-shaped box. The setting of the primary and secondary seals can improve the sealing performance of the rotating roller and prevent external dust from entering the bearing of the rotating roller. Within a certain range, the more the primary and secondary seals, the better the sealing effect.

The primary and secondary seals are made of stainless steel, which is more suitable for use in the harvester of the present invention than the commonly used rubber material, and can prolong the service life of the harvester.

A collection baffle is respectively fixed on the two side plates at the rear of the frame, the collection baffle is located at the rear of the vibrating screen, and the height is higher than the height of the vibrating screen, and the rear of the two collection baffles forms a direction toward the harvester. Tendency to tuck inside. The collecting baffles can gather the crops conveyed from the vibrating screen so that they are concentrated in a row when they fall to the ground to avoid rolling to both sides.

A row of comb teeth fixed on the collecting baffle is arranged below the collecting baffle, and the distance between the two rows of comb teeth is smaller than the distance between the two collecting baffles. The comb teeth further gather the crops, reduce the free fall height of the crops, and reduce the damage of the crops.

The distance between the collecting baffle and the side plate where it is located is adjusted by the collecting baffle adjuster, so as to adjust the required degree of shrinking as required.

Compared with the prior art, the harvester for rhizome crops of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) is applicable to various soil types, such as sandy soil, sandy loam, medium cohesive soil, etc.; The separation effect is good, the harvest rate is higher than 99%, and the damage rate is lower than 1%; (3) The design of the rear pressing roller and the collection baffle reduces the damage of crops, and the crops are concentrated after landing and easy to harvest; (4) High efficiency, No grass blocking, quick soil leakage and long service life.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 three-dimensional view of rhizome harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 2 rear view of the rhizome harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 3 A-A plane sectional view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 Enlarged view of the rear ridge roller;

Fig. 5 sectional view of rotating roller;

The enlarged view of part A of Fig. 6 and Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 Exploded view of mother and son seals;

Figure 8 rack diagram;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the sliding groove assembly.

In the figure, 1-rotating roller; 2-connecting plate; 3-shovel blade; 4-convex rib; 5-power shaft; 6-traction frame; 7-motor; 8-output shaft; -vibrating screen; 11-rotating wheel; 12-collecting baffle; 13-comb; 14-collecting baffle regulator; 15-outer drive wheel; 16-rear pressing roller; 17-transmission shaft; 21-Bearing seat; 22-Bearing seat shaft; 23-Mother and child seal; 24-Mother part; 25-Child part; 26-Bolt position adjustment groove; 27-Drive shaft position adjustment groove; Bolt; 30-chain; 31-side plate.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The rhizome harvester shown in Figure 1-2 comprises a frame (shown in Figure 8), a blade 3 positioned at the front end of the frame, and a vibrating screen 10 positioned at the rear part of the frame, two at the front end of the frame The vertical rotating rollers 1 are respectively arranged on the sides, there is a gap between the rotating roller 1 and the frame, the gap can allow crop seedlings and weeds to pass through, the two rotating rollers 1 are connected to the power shaft 5, and the power shaft 5 is connected to the motor 7 Connection; there are three pairs of ring-shaped parent seals 23 (Fig. 5-7) inside the rotating roller 1, which are located in the gap between the bearing seat 21 and the bearing seat shaft 22. The outer part of the parent seals 23 and the bearing seat 21 are interference Cooperate, the bearing seat shaft 22 is arranged in the central hole of the sub-mother seal 23 .

Spatula 3 shapes are trapezoidal, and as shown in Figure 1, blade and the back of a knife are two bases of the trapezoid, and the back of a knife is longer than the blade. Compared with the design of the rectangular shovel 3 in the prior art, the trapezoidal shovel 3 can reduce the forward resistance on the one hand, and on the other hand, the crop seedlings and weeds can slide to both sides of the harvester along the hypotenuse of the shovel 3. The rotating roller 1 can be used for harvesting with seedlings, preventing the seedlings and weeds from being entangled on the harvester and affecting the use, so it can be used with confidence in places with many weeds.

As shown in Figures 8-9, the outer transmission wheel 15 of the vibrating screen 10 is fixed on the frame side plate 31 through the flange 28, and the frame side plate 31 is provided with a sliding groove structure for fixing the flange 28, and the sliding groove structure includes a transmission Shaft position adjustment groove 27 and bolt position adjustment groove 26. The transmission shaft 17 of the outer transmission wheel 15 passes through the center hole of the flange 28, and can rotate in the center hole; simultaneously the transmission shaft 17 passes through the transmission shaft position adjustment groove 27, and the transmission shaft 17 can slide back and forth along the groove. The flange 28 is fixed on the side plate 31 by the bolt 29 passing through the bolt position adjusting groove 26, and the bolt 29 can slide back and forth along the groove. After the harvester is used for a certain period of time, the endless transmission chain will loosen. At this time, by loosening the bolt 29, the transmission shaft 17 is adjusted to the position where the endless transmission chain is in tension again along the transmission shaft position adjustment groove 27, and the transmission shaft 17 drives the flange 28 to move, and after adjusting to a suitable position, the positions of the flange 28 and the drive shaft 17 are fixed again through the bolts 29 of the flange 28.

As shown in Figure 3-4, the back ribbing roller 16 is arranged under the rear part of the frame, and the rear ribbing roller 16 is connected on the frame in a hinged manner. The position of the back ridge roller 16 relative to the ground is regulated by the hinge 18 connecting the frame and the back ridge roller 16 . When harvesting rhizome crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, garlic, and carrots, the front end of the harvester harvests the crops onto the machine, and the crops are sieved to the rear of the harvester through the vibrating screen 10 . Because there are ridges between each plot, there are ridges on both sides of the ridges, and the ridges are concave downwards, so the harvested crops will roll into the ridges, and the wheels of the harvester just move back and forth along the ridges, so the harvester The wheels of the machine will crush the crops in the furrow, causing some crops to be crushed. By arranging the rear ridge roller 16, the crops falling from the vibrating screen 10 are flattened to prevent them from rolling into the furrow. The front and rear high and low positions of the rear press ridge roller 16 are adjustable, so it can be adjusted according to the actual harvested crop type and quantity.

As shown in FIG. 3 , a three-roller vibrating device 9 is arranged between the endless transmission chains of the vibrating screen 10 . The vibration of the vibrating screen 10 is realized by the rotation of the three-roll vibrating device 9 . The vibrating devices in the prior art are all two-rollers, and the vibration amplitude is large, which will cause vibration damage to the crops. However, the vibration amplitude of the vibrating screen 10 can be reduced by the three-roller vibrating device 9 .

A motor 7 is arranged above the front of the frame to control the rotation of the turning roller 1, the rotation and vibration of the vibrating screen 10.

The transmission mechanism of the turning roller 1 is set as follows: the output shaft 8 of the motor 7 is connected with the power shaft 5 through a chain, and the power shaft 5 drives the turning roller 1 to rotate.

The transmission mechanism of the vibrating screen 10 is set as follows: the output shaft 8 of the motor 7 is connected with the outer transmission wheel 15 of the vibrating screen 10 through a chain. The inner drive wheel on the inside of the plate 31 is connected to the running wheel 11, and the inner drive wheel is located between the side plate 31 and the running wheel 11, and the inner drive wheel is connected to the three-roller vibrating device 9. On the one hand, the outer drive wheel 15 drives the rotating wheel 11 of the vibrating screen 10 to rotate so that the vibrating screen 10 rotates;

At least one vertical convex rib 4 is set on the rotating roller 1, and the rotating roller 1 plays the role of rolling away the seedlings and weeds of the crops during work, and the convex ribs 4 can increase the winding strength and improve the volume of the seedlings and weeds. walk rate.

As shown in Figures 5-7, the female seal 23 is composed of a ring-shaped sub-part 25 and a ring-shaped parent part 24. A flange is provided on the inner side of the sub-part 25, and a flange is provided on the outer side of the parent part 24. When the child part 25 and the parent part 24 are matched, the directions of the two flanges face each other, and they are combined to form an annular box shape. The arrangement of sub-seals 23 can improve the sealing performance of the rotating roller 1 and prevent external dust from entering the bearing of the rotating roller 1. Within a certain range, the more the number of sub-seals 23, the better the sealing effect.

The mother-child seal 23 is made of stainless steel, which is more suitable for use in the harvester of the present invention than the commonly used rubber material, and can prolong the service life of the harvester.

Each of the two side plates 31 at the rear of the frame is fixed with a collection baffle 12, the collection baffle 12 is positioned at the rear of the vibrating screen 10, and the height is higher than the height of the vibrating screen 10, the rear of the two collection baffles 12 Form a tendency to draw toward the inside of the harvester. The collecting baffle 12 can gather the crops conveyed from the vibrating screen 10, so that they are collected in a row when they fall to the ground, so as to avoid rolling down to both sides.

A row of comb teeth 13 fixed on the collecting baffle 12 is arranged below the collecting baffle 12 , and the distance between two rows of comb teeth 13 is smaller than the distance between the two collecting baffles 12 . The comb teeth 13 further gather the crops, reduce the free fall height of the crops, and reduce the damage of the crops.

The distance between the collecting baffle 12 and the side plate 31 where it is located is adjusted by the collecting baffle adjuster 14, so as to adjust the required degree of shrinking as required.

When the above-mentioned rhizome crop harvester works, it is fixed on the tractor by the traction frame 6, and the forward power is provided by the tractor. Depending on the power provided by the motor 7, the rotating roller 1 and the vibrating screen 10 rotate and vibrate. During the advancing process of the harvester, the seedlings and weeds on the surface are brought to both sides of the harvester by the rotating roller 1; the shovel 3 enters the underground part to excavate the crops, and the excavated crops mixed with soil are transported to the vibrating screen 10 through the connecting plate 2 During the vibrating process of the vibrating screen 10, the mixed soil will be crushed and leak from the vibrating screen 10 to the bottom, and the crops will be transported to the rear of the harvester with the rotation of the vibrating screen 10, and will be collected by the baffle plate 12 and the comb teeth. 13 falls to the ground after the deceleration effect of gathering, and the rear ridge roller 16 then flattens the fallen crops to prevent it from rolling into the furrow. Finally, concentrate on harvesting the crops piled up on the ridge.

Claims (10)

1. a root-tuber crop harvester, comprise frame, be positioned at the perching knife (3) of frame front end and be positioned at the vibratory sieve (10) of frame postmedian, it is characterized in that, vertical live-rollers (1) is set respectively in the both sides of frame front end, between live-rollers (1) and frame, leaves space; At least one pair of ring-shaped primary-secondary seal (23) is provided with in live-rollers (1), be positioned at the space between bearing block (21) and bearing block axle (22), the outside of primary and secondary seal (23) and bearing block (21) are in interference fit, and bearing block axle (22) is arranged in primary and secondary seal (23) centre bore; Described perching knife (3) shape is trapezoidal, and blade and the knife back are two trapezoidal bases, and the knife back is longer than blade; The outer drive (15) of described vibratory sieve (10) is fixed on framework lateral plate (31) by flange (28), framework lateral plate (31) is provided with the sliding tray structure of mounting flange (28), sliding tray structure comprises power transmission shaft position adjustment tank (27) and bolt position adjustment tank (26).

2. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the lower rear of frame arranges rear ridge roller (16), and rear ridge roller (16) is connected in frame in hinged way.

3. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described rear ridge roller (16) is regulated by the articulated elements (18) of connection frame and rear ridge roller relative to the position on ground.

4. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, arranges three roller vibrating devices (9) between the gypsy chain of described vibratory sieve (10).

5. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the transmission mechanism of vibratory sieve (10) arranges as follows: the output shaft (8) of motor (7) is connected with the outer drive (15) of vibratory sieve (10) by chain, this outer drive (15) is positioned at the outside of framework lateral plate (31), and be connected with moving runner (11) with the inner driving wheel being positioned at framework lateral plate (31) inner side by power transmission shaft (17), inner driving wheel is positioned between side plate (31) and moving runner (11), inner driving wheel is connected with three roller vibrating devices (9).

6. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described live-rollers (1) is arranged at least one vertical fin.

7. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described primary and secondary seal (23) is combined by the component (25) of annular and the parent part (24) of annular, the annular inboard of component (25) is provided with flange, the annular outboard of parent part (24) is provided with flange, when component (25) and parent part (24) coordinate, the direction of two flanges in opposite directions, annular box-like of the formation one that combines.

8. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described primary and secondary seal (23) is stainless steel.

9. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, two side plates (31) at described frame rear portion are above each fixes one piece of collection baffle plate (12), collect the rear portion that baffle plate (12) is positioned at vibratory sieve (10), and height is higher than the height of vibratory sieve (10), two pieces of rear portions of collecting baffle plate (12) form the trend of drawing in inside reaping machine.

10. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the below of described collection baffle plate (12) also arranges the YIPAISHU tooth (13) being fixed on and collecting on baffle plate (12), and the distance between two rows' comb (13) is less than the distance between two collection baffle plates (12).