CN105001154B - 一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯及其中间体的方法 - Google Patents
一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯及其中间体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105001154B CN105001154B CN201510305867.2A CN201510305867A CN105001154B CN 105001154 B CN105001154 B CN 105001154B CN 201510305867 A CN201510305867 A CN 201510305867A CN 105001154 B CN105001154 B CN 105001154B
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- ionic liquid
- cyanoacetate
- reaction
- aminoacrolein
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 title 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- -1 2-halogenated nicotinic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical class NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 31
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RRLMPLDPCKRASL-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enal Chemical compound CN(C)\C=C\C=O RRLMPLDPCKRASL-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC#N ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CDNUNBYFDWXUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(diethylamino)prop-2-enal Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=CC=O CDNUNBYFDWXUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical group C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical class FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- PEEGKUBJLIECMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[methyl(octyl)amino]prop-2-enal Chemical compound CN(C=CC=O)CCCCCCCC PEEGKUBJLIECMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- NKRASMXHSQKLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NKRASMXHSQKLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPOPWLKOMGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(octadecylamino)prop-2-enal Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC=CC=O IAYPOPWLKOMGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QMOLSKLWDGMUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[hexyl(methyl)amino]prop-2-enal Chemical compound CN(C=CC=O)CCCCCC QMOLSKLWDGMUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DJACTCNGCHPGOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC#N DJACTCNGCHPGOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DIXRCBSEWYFRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanol;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(O)[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 DIXRCBSEWYFRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FXZJKVODWNYPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl]-1h-quinazoline-2,4-dione Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(N2CCN(CCCN3C(C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O)=O)CC2)=C1 FXZJKVODWNYPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ANGDWNBGPBMQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl cyanoacetate Chemical group COC(=O)CC#N ANGDWNBGPBMQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NNBNVJGHIBGDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC#N NNBNVJGHIBGDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OCJMNSVWIYIHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)CC#N OCJMNSVWIYIHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QPDGLRRWSBZCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 QPDGLRRWSBZCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KYCQOKLOSUBEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 KYCQOKLOSUBEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHSCIIJTKQWRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2H-pyridine hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CC=CC=C1 WHSCIIJTKQWRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LWPLSMSFAZPBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2h-pyridine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CC=CC=C1 LWPLSMSFAZPBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JEOSMYVMLZTQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-hexylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 JEOSMYVMLZTQOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PZMUSDVXFFEYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCN1C=CC=CC1.Br Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=CC=CC1.Br PZMUSDVXFFEYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DASNDJBQHOUCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCP(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.Br Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.Br DASNDJBQHOUCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQCGFNCMVXLSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCP(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.O=S(C(F)(F)F)(NS(C(F)(F)F)(=O)=O)=O Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.O=S(C(F)(F)F)(NS(C(F)(F)F)(=O)=O)=O QQCGFNCMVXLSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FCLZCOCSZQNREK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine, hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCNC1 FCLZCOCSZQNREK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXJXURAALDGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XFXJXURAALDGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLFIMXLLXGTDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC#N NLFIMXLLXGTDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=C[NH+]=CN1 VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RYFZYSKTNJAFQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC#N RYFZYSKTNJAFQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- IBRSSZOHCGUTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl IBRSSZOHCGUTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 20
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 10
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JHISIGSCVMVTET-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].CN Chemical compound [P].CN JHISIGSCVMVTET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- LOWKOVUBEHMLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-1-ethylpiperidin-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCCC1 LOWKOVUBEHMLDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OIMZVJUBJXJIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 OIMZVJUBJXJIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DVYSHWKJRYAQOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 DVYSHWKJRYAQOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKVUCIFREKHYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1Cl RKVUCIFREKHYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXQYQSQVLUABEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-bromopyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound BrC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZXQYQSQVLUABEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEGQFCNZGSAUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GEGQFCNZGSAUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCUIWQWWDLZNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound N#CCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RCUIWQWWDLZNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- YRJMZRKJARUUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl YRJMZRKJARUUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QOFKYVXBHUEWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromopyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Br QOFKYVXBHUEWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMIMPBYTPPRBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl PMIMPBYTPPRBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAKSZUTZBMLNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-5-(dimethylamino)penta-2,4-dienoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)=CC=CN(C)C IAKSZUTZBMLNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKVVBYDLMJMJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-fluoropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1F AKVVBYDLMJMJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTBFIHAEFFDKON-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-iodopyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1I VTBFIHAEFFDKON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYGAJZBZLONIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl MYGAJZBZLONIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- SXMHECGYSOUMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SXMHECGYSOUMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nevirapine Chemical compound C12=NC=CC=C2C(=O)NC=2C(C)=CC=NC=2N1C1CC1 NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ALOAITLALXBYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-bromopyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C(CCCC)OC(C1=C(N=CC=C1)Br)=O ALOAITLALXBYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- PXFKRXXEFJDOMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 PXFKRXXEFJDOMO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003101 pranoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/80—Acids; Esters in position 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/30—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing cyano groups and singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being further bound to other hetero atoms, bound to the same unsaturated acyclic carbon skeleton
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯及其中间体的方法,将氰基乙酸酯、离子液、取代氨基丙烯醛混合均匀,加热到设定温度进行反应,跟踪反应直到取代氨基丙烯醛消失,将反应液降温至室温,有机溶剂萃取多次,余相离子液水洗干燥后重复使用,有机相蒸出有机溶剂即得2-卤代烟酸酯的中间体;在合成2-卤代烟酸酯时,不必分离有机溶剂与2-卤代烟酸酯中间体向有机相中加入卤化氢继续反应,跟踪监测至反应完全;经分离,制得2‑卤烟酸酯产品。本发明2‑卤烟酸酯的合成方法具有绿色环保、操作简单、产品收率高,合成产物质量好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学技术领域,具体涉及一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯及其中间体的方法。
背景技术
化工生产中,生产化工产品常常要使用大量的有机溶剂,但有机溶剂挥发性大,易造成环境污染。离子液体(Ionic Liquids)是完全由离子组成,现在多指在低于100摄氏度时呈液体状态的熔盐。离子液体具有蒸汽压小、不易燃、稳定性好、热容大、导电性好、具有“可设计”性、对许多无机盐和有机物有特殊溶解性,近年来在作为环境友好的溶剂方面有很大的潜力,故也称之为“绿色溶剂”。
2-卤代烟酸酯经水解可以制备2-卤代烟酸,其中,2-氯烟酸是一种重要的药物和农药中间体,主要用于制备高效消炎镇痛药尼氟灭酸、普拉洛芬、HIV逆转录酶抑制剂奈韦拉平和新型高效除草剂烟嘧磺隆等。现有技术中2-氯烟酸的主要制备方法有:
(1)氰基乙酸乙酯氯化法(Tony Y Z,Eric F V,Scriven.Processes forProducing 2-Halonicotonic Acid Derivatives and Precursors Thereto:US,5493028[P].1994;Mayer J.Process of Preparing 2-Halogenonicotinic acids:US,4081451[P].1977;梁万根,谢秋平,杜建华.2-氯烟酸合成工艺改进[J].化学世界,2012,8:491-493),氰乙酸乙酯与丙烯醛为起始原料,经闭环、水解合成制得2-氯烟酸。该方法需加热回流且溶剂消耗量大,工艺路线复杂等缺点。
(2)丙二醛与氰基乙酸乙酯成环法(Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical IndustriesLtd.Japan.2-Chloronicotinic acid:JP,55076863[P].1980;徐效华,吕培,谢龙观,等.2-氯烟酸的合成方法[P].CN 101367760,2009;陈志卫,郑利冬,苏国栋.2-氯烟酸的合成工艺改进[J].合成化学,2011,19(2):285-286;杜晓华,胡斐,徐振元.一种2-氯烟酸及其衍生物的合成方法[P].CN 103193705A,2013;陆孙彬,季红楼,高小山.一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法[P].CN 102993092A,2013),将氰乙酸乙酯与丙二醛为起始原料,经闭环、水解合成制得2-氯烟酸。该合成路线丙二醛不稳定且原料不易得,故该合成路线也不适合工业化生产。
(3)以乙醛、甲醇钠、甲酸甲酯作为原料,生成醛基乙烯醇钠,再与甲醇反应生成1,1-二甲氧基丙醛,再与丙二腈反应生成环合的前体,再经环合、氯化、氰基水解生成2-氯烟酸(高倩,钱勇,薛谊,等.一种制备2-氯烟酸的方法[P].CN 104592104A,2015),该法的缺点是废液多且难处理。
(4)烟酸氮氧化-氯化-水解法(Gedeon R,Vegyeszeti G R T.2-Chloronicotinic acid:HU,22161[P].1982;Ference N,Bela S,Teljes H.2-Chloronicotinic acid:HU,33464[P].1984;Adel S,Wallis B.Process for Pure White2-Chloronicotinic Acid:DE,2713316[P].1977;张敏,王彰九,魏俊发,等.2-氯烟酸及其衍生物的合成[J].精细化工中间体,2003,33(3):35-36,64;张敏,魏俊发,王彰九.2-氯烟酸的合成[J].中国医药工业杂志,2004,35(5):11-12;杨桂秋,于春睿,于秀兰.2-氯-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺的制备[J].中国医药工业杂志,2004,35(9):11-12),以烟酸作为起始原料,经H2O2将环上氮原子氧化,生成N-氧化物,再使用POCl3作为氯化试剂,进行亲核取代反应。此合成路线中原料烟酸价格昂贵,所制得的产品成本较高,产品分离困难、纯度也较低,不符合药物和农药的要求。
(5)2-氯-3-甲基吡啶氧化法(聂文娜.2-氯烟酸合成工艺研究[J].河北化工,2006,(10):14-15,18;王文奎,等.一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法[P].CN 201410703012,2014;杨寿海,等.一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法[P].CN 201410015351,2014),将2-氯-3-甲基吡啶用高锰酸钾氧化,吡啶环侧链的烷基被氧化成羧酸钾,用浓盐酸酸化2-氯烟酸析出。该法的缺点是原料2-氯-3-甲基吡啶不易得,环境污染大,故也不适合大规模的工业化生产。
(6)3-氰基吡啶-氯化-水解法(Fumiya H.Preparation of 2-Chloro-3-cyanopyridine and 2-Chloronicotinic Acid:JP,56-169672[P].1981;直井嘉诚.2-氯烟酸的制备:JP,59-144759[P].1984;刘军安,魏晓磊.2-氯烟酸的合成[J].化学与生物工程,2010,27(4):36-37)该路线将3-氰基吡啶经H2O2氧化,生成N-氧化物,再使用POCl3作为氯化试剂,进行亲核取代反应,再经水解、中和制得产品。该法的缺点是废液多且难处理。
由此可见,现有的2-卤代烟酸制备方法都存在“三废”多且难于处理的困难,因此,开发绿色环保的2-卤代烟酸酯和2-卤代烟酸的合成方法是非常有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术的问题,提供一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯及其中间体的方法,该方法绿色环保、操作简单、产品收率高。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯中间体的方法,将氰基乙酸酯、离子液、取代氨基丙烯醛混合均匀,加热到设定温度进行反应,跟踪反应至取代氨基丙烯醛消失,降温至室温,有机溶剂萃取多次,余相离子液水洗干燥后重复使用,有机相蒸出有机溶剂制得2-卤代烟酸酯中间体,5-(N,N-二烃基)氨基-2-氰基-2,4-戊二烯酸酯,结构如式(Ⅱ)化合物。
一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氰基乙酸酯、离子液、取代氨基丙烯醛混合均匀,加热到设定温度进行反应,跟踪反应至取代氨基丙烯醛消失,将反应液降温至室温,有机溶剂萃取多次,余相离子液水洗干燥后重复使用,有机相中含有结构如式(Ⅱ)化合物;
(2)向步骤(1)中的有机相中加入卤化氢继续反应,跟踪监测至反应完全;向反应液中加入碱液调节pH值至5-6,静置分层得到水层和有机层,水层用有机溶剂萃取,然后合并有机层,分离出萃取剂,制得如式(Ⅰ)所示的2-卤烟酸酯产品。
式(Ⅰ)中,X表示F或Cl或Br或I,优选为Cl或Br。式(Ⅰ)和式(Ⅱ)中R3表示C1-C18的烃基或苄基,优选为乙基或正丙基或正丁基。式(Ⅱ)中,R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-C18的烃基或苯基或苄基,优选R1和R2均为甲基或乙基。
步骤(1)中,所述取代氨基丙烯醛、离子液、氰基乙酸酯的比例为:1mol:(100-500)mL:(0.5-1.5)mol。
步骤(1)或步骤(2)中,所述的反应的温度为0-200℃,优选温度为50-100℃。
步骤(1)步骤(2)中,所述的加热方式为超声波辐射、电加热、微波、水浴、油浴等,优选加热方式为微波。
步骤(1)中,所述的余相离子液处理方式为去离子水水洗和真空干燥。
所述的跟踪监测采用色谱法跟踪监测。
所述氰基乙酸酯为氰基乙酸甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、氰基乙酸正丙酯、氰基乙酸正丁酯、氰基乙酸正戊酯、氰基乙酸正辛酯、氰基乙酸十二碳酯或氰基乙酸十八碳酯。
所述离子液的类型为咪唑类或吡啶类或季鏻类或吡咯烷类或哌啶类,本发明选用该类离子液的主要目的是(1)提高反应收率;(2)产物与离子液便于分离,离子液可以重复使用。此外,本发明的离子液与传统的有机溶剂和电解质相比,还具有一系列突出优点:(1)几乎没有蒸气压、不挥发、无色、无味;(2)有较大的稳定温度范围,较好的化学稳定性及较宽的电化学稳定电位;(3)通过阴阳离子的设计可调节其对无机物、水、有机物及聚合物的溶解性,并且其酸度可调至超酸;(4)对无机物和有机物都表现出良好的溶解能力;(5)通常含有弱配合离子,具有高极化潜力而非配合能力。
其中,咪唑类离子液为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟乙酸盐或1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二腈胺盐或1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-烯丙基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐等;
其中,吡啶类离子液为N-己基-吡啶氯盐或N-己基吡啶溴盐或N-十二烷基-吡啶氯盐或N-十二烷基-吡啶溴盐或N-乙基吡啶四氟硼酸盐或N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐等;
其中,哌啶类离子液为N-丁基-N-甲基哌啶氯盐或N-丁基-N-甲基哌啶溴盐或N-丁基-N-乙基哌啶氯盐或N-丁基-N-乙基哌啶溴盐等;
其中,季鏻类离子液为三丁基乙基溴化膦或三丁基乙基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三丁基己基溴化膦或三丁基己基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三甲基羟乙基铵六氟磷酸盐或三甲基羟乙基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三甲基羟乙基铵四氟硼酸盐或四丁基溴化膦或四丁基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐等;
其中,吡咯烷类离子液为1-甲基-1-乙基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-乙基溴化吡咯烷1,1-二乙基氯化吡咯烷或1,1-二乙基溴化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-辛基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-辛基溴化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-十二烷基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-十二烷基溴化吡咯烷或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷三氟甲磺酸盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷甲磺酸盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷对甲苯磺酸盐。
所述取代氨基丙烯醛为3-二甲氨基丙烯醛或3-二乙氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-苄基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-己基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N–异辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N–正辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-十二烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-十二烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-十八烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛。
所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷或氯仿或四氯化碳或苯或甲苯或氯苯或乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯或乙酸丙酯或乙酸丁酯或乙醚或石油醚。
所述碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液或碳酸钾溶液或碳酸钠溶液或碳酸氢钾溶液或碳酸氢钠溶液或氨水,优选碱液为质量分数为10%-20%氢氧化钠溶液。
所述分离的方法为:将有机层经过精馏收集适当馏分制得产品或经过干燥、过滤、蒸馏制得产品。同时,有机溶剂可回收重复使用。
本发明涉及的化学反应如反应式(Ⅰ)和反应式(Ⅱ)所示:
本发明的有益效果是:(1)在合成式(Ⅱ)化合物时所采用的离子液既是溶剂又是催化剂,该离子液具有适宜的碱性,对反应式(Ⅰ)有很好的催化作用;几乎没有蒸气压、不挥发、无色、无味,化学稳定性好,可溶解反应原料,易于与产物分离,可以循环利用。(2)操作简单,通常4h内即可完成反应,产品易于分离纯化;(3)产品收率高、质量好,收率可达到90%以上,高于传统的溶剂法加热回流法的收率(85%)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1 5-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-氰基-2,4-戊二烯酸乙酯
反应器中加氰基乙酸乙酯59mL(0.5mol)、N-丁基-N-乙基哌啶溴盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,超声波加热到55℃温度并保温1h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂二氯甲烷60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相蒸出溶剂二氯甲烷回收,得粗产品,再用无水乙醇重结晶制得白色粉末101.7g,熔点为134-135℃,产品收率为94.2%。产品经过HRMS、1H NMR、13C NMR波谱表征,即5-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-氰基-2,4-戊二烯酸乙酯。ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C10H14N2O2217.0947[M+Na]+,found 217.0955[M+Na]+;1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.32(t,J=9Hz,3H,CH3),2.99(s,3H,NCH3),3.19(s,3H,NCH3),4.25(q,J=6Hz.2H,OCH2),5.57(t,J=12Hz,1H,CH),7.08(d,J=12Hz,1H,CH),7.78(d,J=12Hz,1H,CH);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):14.41(*CH3),37.51(N*CH3),45.33(N*CH3),60.67(*CH2CH3),86.69(CH=*CH-CH),96.84(*CH=C-CN),117.96(*C-CN),156.89(CN),157.31(N(C H3)2-*CH),165.31(C=O)。
实施例2 5-(N,N-二乙基)氨基-2-氰基-2,4-戊二烯酸丁酯
反应器中加氰基乙酸丁酯59mL(0.5mol)、N-丁基-N-乙基哌啶氯盐50mL、3-二乙氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,水浴加热到65℃温度并保温10h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二乙氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂甲苯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相加水10mL除杂质后,减压蒸出溶剂甲苯回收,制得淡棕色油状物126.7g,收率为93.1%。产品经过HRMS表征,即5-(N,N-二乙基)氨基-2-氰基-2,4-戊二烯酸丁酯。ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C14H22N2O2273.3265[M+Na]+,found 273.32652[M+Na]+。
实施例3 2-氯烟酸乙酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸乙酯59mL(0.5mol)、N-丁基-N-甲基哌啶氯盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,油浴加热到80℃温度并保温6h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸甲酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为10%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸甲酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,加无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸甲酯回收,残余物减压精馏,收集110-115℃/1mmHg馏分,制得2-氯烟酸乙酯,无色液体85.8g,收率为92.7%。产物的HRMS和NMR表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C8H8NClO2186.0316[M+H]+,found 186.0310[M+H]+。
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.39(t,J=6Hz,CH3),4.39(q,J=6Hz,CH2),7.31(t,J=6Hz,1H,CH),8.13(d,J=6Hz,1H.CH),8.48(d,J=6Hz,1H,CH).
13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):14.09(*CH3),62.07(*CH2CH3),122.04(CH=*CH-CH),127.22(*C-COOCH2CH3),140.11(*CH=C-COO),149.92(Cl-*C=N),151.33(N-*CH=CH),164.51(*C=O).
实施例4 2-溴烟酸乙酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸乙酯59mL(0.5mol)、1-十二基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,油浴加热到90℃温度并保温4h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HBr气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为20%碳酸钠溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用1,2-二氯乙烷20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,减压蒸出溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷回收,制得2-溴烟酸乙酯,淡棕色液体108.4g,收率为94.0%。产物的HRMS和NMR表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C8H8NBrO2231.0666[M+H]+,found 231.0659[M+H]+。
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.38(t,J=6Hz,CH3),4.37(q,J=6Hz,CH2),7.30(t,J=6Hz,1H,CH),8.11(d,J=6Hz,1H.CH),8.47(d,J=6Hz,1H,CH).
实施例5 2-碘烟酸乙酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸乙酯59mL(0.5mol)、1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,电炉套加热到110℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HI气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为10%氨水调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,减压蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收,制得2-碘烟酸乙酯,淡棕色液体128.7g,收率为92.9%。产物的HRMS和NMR表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C8H8NIO2278.0671[M+H]+,found 278.0665[M+H]+。
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.37(t,J=6Hz,CH3),4.37(q,J=6Hz,CH2),7.31(t,J=6Hz,1H,CH),8.10(d,J=6Hz,1H.CH),8.46(d,J=6Hz,1H,CH)。
实施例6 2-氟烟酸乙酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸乙酯59mL(0.5mol)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟乙酸盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,电炉套加热到120℃温度并保温2h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂甲苯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HF气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为20%碳酸钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用甲苯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,减压蒸出溶剂甲苯回收,制得2-氟烟酸乙酯,淡棕色液体76.5g,的收率为90.4%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C8H8NFO2170.1610[M+H]+,found 170.1613[M+H]+。
实施例7 2-氯烟酸甲酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸甲酯59mL(0.5mol)、N-乙基吡啶四氟硼酸盐50mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,微波加热到140℃温度并保温1h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙醚60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为20%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙醚20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙醚回收,残余物减压精馏,收集110-115℃/1mmHg馏分,制得2-氯烟酸甲酯,无色液体80.6g,收率为93.9%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C7H6NClO2172.5887[M+H]+,found 172.5883[M+H]+。
实施例8 2-氯烟酸正丁酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸正丁酯59mL(0.5mol)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐50mL、N-甲基-(N–苄基)胺基丙烯醛69mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,微波加热到160℃温度并保温1h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)N-甲基-(N–苄基)胺基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为10%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收后,制得2-氯烟酸正丁酯,无色液体100.5g,收率为94.1%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C10H12NClO2214.6685[M+H]+,found 214.6679[M+H]+。
实施例9 2-氯烟酸正十八碳酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸十八酯73mL(0.5mol)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐50mL、3-二乙氨基丙烯醛61mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,微波加热到200℃温度并保温0.5h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二乙氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至50℃,分层,离子液相水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入干燥的HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入质量分数为10%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收后,制得2-氯烟酸正十八碳酯,无色液体186.8g,收率为91.1%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C24H40NClO2411.0406[M+H]+,found 411.0401[M+H]+。
实施例10 2-溴烟酸正戊酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸正戊酯62mL(0.5mol)、1-甲基-1-辛基氯化吡咯烷600mL、N-甲基-N-辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛45mL(0.4mol)混合均匀,微波加热到85℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)N-甲基-N-辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HBr气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入5%氢氧化钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收后,制得2-溴烟酸正戊酯,无色液体78.9g,收率为96.5%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C11H14O2NBr 295.1282[M+Na]+,found 295.1277[M+Na]+。
实施例11 2-氯烟酸正己酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸正己酯63mL(0.5mol)、1-甲基-1-十二烷基氯化吡咯烷200mL、N-甲基-N-己基-3-氨基丙烯醛35mL(0.3mol)混合均匀,微波加热到85℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)N-甲基-N-己基-3-氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入5%氢氧化钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收后,制得2-溴烟酸正己酯,无色液体69.4g,收率为95.7%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C12H16O2NCl 264.7034[M+Na]+,found 264.7027[M+Na]+。
实施例12 2-溴烟酸正庚酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸正庚酯64mL(0.5mol)、1-甲基-1-十二烷基溴化吡咯烷150mL、N-甲基-N-辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛45mL(0.4mol)混合均匀,微波加热到82℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)N-甲基-N-辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HBr气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入5%氢氧化钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯回收后,制得2-溴烟酸正庚酯,无色液体113.4g,收率为94.5%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C13H18O2NBr 323.1813[M+Na]+,found 323.1807[M+Na]+。
实施例13 2-氯烟酸正辛酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸正辛酯64mL(0.5mol)、N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐100mL、3-二乙氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,微波加热到110℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二乙氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸丁酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入5%氢氧化钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸丁酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸丁酯回收后,制得2-氯烟酸正辛酯,无色液体122.8g,收率为91.1%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C14H20O2NCl 292.7566[M+Na]+,found 292.7558[M+Na]+。
实施例14 2-氯烟酸2-乙基己酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸2-乙基己酯66mL(0.5mol)、N-丁基-N-乙基哌啶溴盐500mL、3-二乙氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,微波加热到110℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二乙氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂乙酸丁酯60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入5%氢氧化钾溶液调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用乙酸丁酯20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,分子筛干燥,过滤,蒸出溶剂乙酸丁酯回收后,制得2-氯烟酸2-乙基己酯,无色液体121.9g,收率为90.4%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C14H20O2NCl 292.7566[M+Na]+,found 292.7555[M+Na]+。
实施例15 2-氯烟酸苄酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸苄酯63mL(0.5mol)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟乙酸盐126mL、N-十八烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛19mL(0.1mol)混合均匀,油浴加热到90℃温度并保温4h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)N-十八烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HCl气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入浓氨水调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用1,2-二氯乙烷20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,减压蒸出溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷回收,制得2-氯烟酸苄酯,淡黄色液体23.7g,收率为95.5%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C13H10O2NCl 270.6665[M+Na]+,found 270.6657[M+Na]+。
实施例16 2-溴烟酸苄酯的合成
反应器中加氰基乙酸苄酯63mL(0.5mol)、1-甲基-1--己基溴化吡咯烷300mL、3-二甲氨基丙烯醛62mL(0.5mol)混合均匀,油浴加热到120℃温度并保温3h进行反应,TLC检测(石油醚:二氯甲烷1:2展开,升华碘显色)3-二甲氨基丙烯醛反应完全,降温至室温,有机溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷60mL萃取3次,余相离子液水洗真空干燥后重复使用,有机相通入HBr气体,HPLC跟踪反应直到反应结束。加入浓氨水调节pH=5-6,分液,水层用1,2-二氯乙烷20mL×3次萃取,合并有机层,水洗后分液,减压蒸出溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷回收,制得2-溴烟酸苄酯,淡棕色液体134.8g,收率为92.3%。产物的HRMS表征如下:
ESI-MS:m/z Calcd for C13H10O2NBr 315.1178[M+Na]+,found 315.1167[M+Na]+。
Claims (6)
1.一种离子液法合成2-卤代烟酸酯的方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氰基乙酸酯、离子液、取代氨基丙烯醛混合均匀,加热到设定温度进行反应,所述设定温度为50~100℃,跟踪反应至取代氨基丙烯醛消失,将反应液降温至室温,有机溶剂萃取多次,余相离子液水洗干燥后重复使用,有机相中含有结构如式(Ⅱ)化合物所示的2-卤代烟酸酯中间体;所述离子液的类型为咪唑类或吡啶类或季鏻类或吡咯烷类;所述取代氨基丙烯醛、离子液、氰基乙酸酯的比例为:1mol:100-500mL:0.5-1.5mol;
其中,所述咪唑类离子液为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟乙酸盐或1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二腈胺盐或1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐或1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐或1-烯丙基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐;
所述吡啶类离子液为N-己基-吡啶氯盐或N-己基吡啶溴盐或N-十二烷基-吡啶氯盐或N-十二烷基-吡啶溴盐或N-乙基吡啶四氟硼酸盐或N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐;
所述季鏻类离子液为三丁基乙基溴化膦或三丁基乙基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三丁基己基溴化膦或三丁基己基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三甲基羟乙基铵六氟磷酸盐或三甲基羟乙基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或三甲基羟乙基铵四氟硼酸盐或四丁基溴化膦或四丁基膦双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐;
所述吡咯烷类离子液为1-甲基-1-乙基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-乙基溴化吡咯烷1,1-二乙基氯化吡咯烷或1,1-二乙基溴化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-辛基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-辛基溴化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-十二烷基氯化吡咯烷或1-甲基-1-十二烷基溴化吡咯烷或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷三氟甲磺酸盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷甲磺酸盐或N-甲基-N-丁基吡咯烷对甲苯磺酸盐;
(2)向步骤(1)中的有机相中加入卤化氢继续反应,跟踪监测至反应完全;向反应液中加入碱液调节pH值至5-6,静置分层得到水层和有机层,水层用有机溶剂萃取,然后合并有机层,分离出萃取剂,制得如式(Ⅰ)所示的2-卤烟酸酯产品;
式(Ⅰ)中,X表示F或Cl或Br或I;式(Ⅰ)和式(Ⅱ)中R3表示C1-C18的烃基;式(Ⅱ)中,R1和R2各自独立为H或C1-C18的烃基。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是:步骤(1)中,所述的加热方式为超声波辐射、电加热、微波、水浴或油浴。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是:所述氰基乙酸酯为氰基乙酸甲酯或氰基乙酸乙酯或氰基乙酸正丙酯或氰基乙酸正丁酯或氰基乙酸正戊酯或氰基乙酸正辛酯或氰基乙酸十二碳酯或氰基乙酸十八碳酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是:所述取代氨基丙烯醛为3-二甲氨基丙烯醛或3-二乙氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-苄基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-己基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N–异辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N–正辛基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-甲基-N-十二烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-十二烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛或N-十八烷基-3-氨基丙烯醛。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是:所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或1,2-二氯乙烷或氯仿或四氯化碳或苯或甲苯或氯苯或乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯或乙酸丙酯或乙酸丁酯或乙醚或石油醚。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是:所述碱液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液或碳酸钾溶液或碳酸钠溶液或碳酸氢钾溶液或碳酸氢钠溶液或氨水。
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